Academic literature on the topic 'Lyophilized powder for solution for injection'

Abstract Macro and microbiological growth can have significant impacts on safe and efficient operations in oil & gas applications, especially in water injection and underground storage systems. Operators must provide protection against both chemical and microbial corrosion to protect assets from degradation and failure. High density polyethylene (HDPE) coatings have been shown to provide long-term corrosion protection for salt, brackish, and brine piping. However, HDPE is susceptible to biodegradation. This study explores the development and testing of a novel HDPE coating containing a unique blend of antimicrobial powder additive engineered to protect against common bacteria and fungi in brine water. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the biological and material performance of the coatings. Results from microbiological testing showed that coatings enhanced with the material additive resisted and deactivated over 70% of bacteria present in the brine water and over 90% of the harmful fungi which causes fouling in pipelines. Testing results indicated that the additive has no significant impact on the mechanical properties or corrosion resistance of the HDPE lining. These results are significant because the additive protects against harmful microbes while maintaining properties of the HDPE system. This technology provides transformative change in prevention methods for on-shore brine pipeline applications.

Menus are not only a basic user interface element in digital twin systems, but also a key component to improve system usability, user experience, and operational security. Pie menus have been used in SunView, NEWS, and many other systems since Hopkins pioneered them, but they are not widely used in digital twin systems. Previous studies have shown that its usage efficiency is better than that of linear menus, so this paper takes the lyophilized injection workshop digital twin system as an example to verify the user experience differences between pie menus and linear menus within the digital twin system. According to the function of the production line in the lyophilized powder production workshop, the pie menu and linear menu are designed for the interface of the cartoning robotic arm equipment in the intelligent packaging line, and the usability test is used to quantify the user experience data, and through the reliability and validity test and data analysis, it is concluded that the pie menu is higher than the linear menu in terms of ease of learning, use efficiency, usability, and satisfaction, etc., and that the adoption of the pie menu can help to improve user experience.

The low potassium content in the foods consumed daily and the absence of potassium in most foods direct people to potassium intake directly through supplementary foods. It is known that large amounts of potassium are present in banana fruit and peel. This study is aimed at utilizing banana peel waste to produce an easy-to-use, thin, lightweight, biocompatible, and innovative nanofibrous material. First of all, waste banana peels were lyophilized with a freeze-dryer device and pulverized with a mixer blender. Next, EDX conducted an elemental analysis of the potassium-containing banana peel powder. Then, PVP-based nanofibers with recycled potassium-containing banana peel powder were produced. PVP solutions containing different concentrations of banana peel powder were prepared under equal conditions, and the solution properties such as conductivity, viscosity, pH, and surface tension were determined. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the structural properties of PVP-banana peel powder nanofibers, such as fiber diameter, fiber diameter uniformity coefficient, and elemental analysis with EDX to confirm the presence of potassium in the nanofibrous material. It is thought that these nanofiber surfaces, which can be transformed into a highvalue-added product by evaluating the waste food material, will be especially useful for a treatment for supralingual application of potassium.

High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) have increasingly attracted the scientific community’s attention due to their unique microstructures and mechanical performance. However, one of the HEAs’ main drawbacks to being developed by powder metallurgy is the need for prealloyed powders with the specific composition of the HEA, which increases the overall cost. Thus, in this work, commercial commodity powders like Ni625, CoCrF75, or 316L were employed to manufacture HEAs by Powder Injection Moulding (PIM). These powders were mixed with a multi-component binder to produce sustainable feedstocks using a combination of low CO2-emitting and water-soluble polymers. The critical solids content was determined, and the rheological properties, debinding conditions, and sintering parameters were adjusted to obtain samples with low porosity. In addition, all PIM stages were thoroughly characterized to control the porosity of the end parts and to ensure a single FCC solid solution with promising mechanical properties in the developed CoCrFeNiMox-type HEAs.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are a promising high-efficient power generating system that can directly convert chemical fuel to electrical power. Cost reduction of materials and processing is one of the key issues for commercialization of SOFCs. Powder injection molding is a good solution for producing low cost and defect free components and is adapted with mass production. In this study, effect of five powder loading and sintering temperature and holding time on porosity and thermal shock characteristics of SOFC substrate is investigated. Finally, the results show powder loading is not key factor in porosity and thermal shock characteristics and it is better to use high powder loadings. High sintering temperature for long time leads to high density sintered parts and are not suitable for SOFC substrate. All parts show high thermal shock characteristics.

Abstract Several compositions of agglomerated ZrO2(Y2O3), Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 powders were plasma sprayed through an axial injection torch into a water quenching chamber in order to obtain a fully melted and homogenized, metastable particle nanostructure. This metastable extended solid solution morphology allows the powder to be subsequently heat treated and superplastically formed into ceramic parts with potentially excellent optical and mechanical properties. Light microscopy, SEM and XRD analyses were used to evaluate the melt-quenched powder properties, and some comparison was made to previous work performed with traditional radial injection plasma torches. Thick build-ups were also sprayed from the melt-quenched powders to test their ability to superplastically flow. Results showed that during a single processing through the torch the axial injection equipment produced powders with a significantly higher fraction of fully homogenized powders than previously attainable. Homogenization of powders comprised of a larger particle size range was also achieved.

Abstract Deposition of ceramic coatings by spraying of fine powder particles is a promising solution to obtain uniform microstructure and improved properties, because it is expected to form small splats with reduced residual stress and pore size. Although direct injection of fine particles has many challenges such as poor rheological properties (e.g., low flow ability and agglomeration), and small momentum to inject and impact, it is still attractive and worth to try. From this point of view, we have improved feeding and injection technique of fine powder particles, which enables us to directly spray fine ceramic particles with a newly developed low power dc plasma torch. Preliminary results obtained with this system will be compared with those by other fine powder spray technology such as suspension plasma spray and hybrid aerosol deposition to show similarity and difference when the injection methods of the fine powder particles are different in this paper.

Abstract The clogging, a frequent gas passage deformation phenomenon because of powder accumulation on inner nozzle wall, is a major issue in long duration Cold Spray (CS) operations and a major challenge for Cold spray technology to be adopted for additive manufacturing. This study aims to design and integrate new nozzle design in Cold Spray operations for addressing the clogging issues in traditional circular convergent-divergent (CD) nozzles. The concept of the Aerospike nozzle is proposed for that purpose and is investigated using numerical simulation methods in this paper. An aerospike nozzle allows gases to accelerate externally bounded by environment on one-side and contoured spike wall on other side. After accelerating along the spike wall, aerospike nozzle can generate a longer supersonic gas stream. The spike region can be truncated near the tip to provide a flat face for powder injection. This proposed strategy will allow powder particles to accelerate through a longer supersonic core region, without interacting with nozzle wall. With appropriate operating parameters, an aerospike nozzle can reduce or eliminate the clogging issue completely. The efficiency and operation of aerospike nozzle is compared with same Mach number C-D nozzle using numerical simulations at stagnation pressure of 30 bar and temperature of 623K, where the aluminium powder particles are injected at 30 g/min in the centerline of both nozzles and are accelerated to similar velocities. The powder particles are accelerated in supersonic core region of aerospike nozzle without interacting with nozzle wall, it is concluded that the aerospike nozzle can be a promising nozzle design to provide clogging free long duration CS operations.

The Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) process involves the injection of atomized droplets of precursor into the plasma plume, instead of powder that is used in conventional plasma spray. The resultant thermal barrier coating (TBC) microstructure consists of (1) through-coating-thickness cracks, (2) ultra-fine splats, and (3) nanometer and micrometer-sized dispersed pores. These unique SPPS microstructural features provide highly durable TBCs. The SPPS TBCs in 1121°C /1 hour cyclic furnace tests exhibit a significantly improved spallation life compared to APS, DVC, and EB-PVD/Pt-Al TBCs. Extensive process diagnostic and modeling studies have been conducted to provide a foundation for understanding and control of the process. Process/microstructure/property relationships have been defined. Extension of the process for making thick coatings (> 3mm) and low thermal conductivity coatings are described.

Objective/Scope This paper discusses the S1 Sirikit Big Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR) polymer injection project, which has received approval to be expanded across the entire S1 region. In 2019, large-scale EOR activities began and continue until 2024. During this period, six different polymer injection units were installed and operated in the defined region. They were able to demonstrate that they met the specified flow rate and viscosity requirements. The flow rate is designed to accommodate a maximum capacity of 1200 barrels per day (BPD) at a pressure range of 0 to 1800 PSIG. Method,Procedure, and Process To sum up, the S1 region has been implementing polymer EOR since 2019. The EOR package unit includes a polymer preparation skid, maturation tank, polymer transfer pump (PCP), high pressure polymer injection pump (HP), static mixer, and dilution water booster pump. Off-skid facilities, including a filter, strainer toilet, and utility tank skid were also developed and established as well as an EOR polymer injection line. Each EOR device is capable of modifying the final solution polymer injection rates to match the requirements of diverse locales. For instance, some sites have a subsurface requirement of lower viscosity, such as 23cP, whereas others have different requirements. In case that the viscosity is higher like 40 cP, the project will design and deliver thorough coverage of the injection condition on site as the condition will be relocated once the injection is finished. The unit is authorized to be constructed and be able to remove upon the completion of three years of production period. All of the equipment is stored in the standard container, and the lifting lug is also included in the equipment at the skid. The Ping well supplies the water, which undergoes purification before it enters the unit. The water leaves by two separate routes: 1) To obtain the mother solution which requires the flowrate of approximately 3500 BPD; this stream is going to mixing equipment and go to maturation tank; 2) To adequately dilute with polymer before injecting into the well, the required flowrate is 1,500 - 9,500 BPD; this stream will then mix with the mother solution from the HP pump at the upstream of the static mixer and then mix according to the specified ratio between the mother solution and water. A mixture of water and polymer powder is stirred in a maturation tank to generate the mother solution. The ratio of water to polymer powder was determined and blended in a polymer preparation skid that featured a storage silo, a conveyor, and mixing machinery. The concentration of the mixture ranged from 3,000 to 10,000 ppm. After that, a PCP pump transfers the fluid to a high-pressure injection pump (HP pump), which operates at a variable speed. The PCP pump can transport a maximum of 1834 BPD (3x50%), but the HP injection system can manage a flowrate of approximately 33.33 to 330.3 BPD with variable speed drive (VSD). The operator can utilize the HMI panel to alter the ratio of final solutions to polymer preparation. The final solution injections range between 2,000 and 10,000 BPD. Before going to the well, the mixture is mixed in a static mixer that can handle between 200 and 1,200 BPD. See Tables 1 and 2 for more details.