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Journal articles on the topic 'Lysostaphin resistance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Climo, Michael W., Kerstin Ehlert, and Gordon L. Archer. "Mechanism and Suppression of Lysostaphin Resistance in Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 5 (2001): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.5.1431-1437.2001.

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ABSTRACT The potential for the development of resistance in oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) to lysostaphin, a glycylglycine endopeptidase produced byStaphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus, was examined in vitro and in an in vivo model of infection. Following in vitro exposure of ORSA to subinhibitory concentrations of lysostaphin, lysostaphin-resistant mutants were idenitifed among all isolates examined. Resistance to lysostaphin was associated with a loss of resistance to β-lactams and a change in the muropeptide interpeptide cross bridge from pentaglycine to a single

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2

Gründling, Angelika, Dominique M. Missiakas, and Olaf Schneewind. "Staphylococcus aureus Mutants with Increased Lysostaphin Resistance." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 17 (2006): 6286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00457-06.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococcus simulans secretes lysostaphin, a bacteriolytic enzyme that specifically binds to the cell wall envelope of Staphylococcus aureus and cleaves the pentaglycine cross bridges of peptidoglycan, thereby killing staphylococci. The study of S. aureus mutants with resistance to lysostaphin-mediated killing has revealed biosynthetic pathways for cell wall assembly. To identify additional genes involved in cell wall envelope biosynthesis, we have screened a collection of S. aureus strain Newman transposon mutants for lysostaphin resistance. Bursa aurealis insertion in SAV2335, en

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Batool, Nayab, Kwan Soo Ko, Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia, and Kyeong Kyu Kim. "Functional Identification of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase as a Key Gene Involved in Lysostaphin Resistance and Virulence Potential of Staphylococcus aureus Strains." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (2020): 9135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239135.

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Gaining an insight into the mechanism underlying antimicrobial-resistance development in Staphylococcus aureus is crucial for identifying effective antimicrobials. We isolated S. aureus sequence type 72 from a patient in whom the S. aureus infection was highly resistant to various antibiotics and lysostaphin, but no known resistance mechanisms could explain the mechanism of lysostaphin resistance. Genome-sequencing followed by subtractive and functional genomics revealed that serine hydroxymethyltransferase (glyA or shmT gene) plays a key role in lysostaphin resistance. Serine hydroxymethyltra

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Kusuma, Caroline, Anna Jadanova, Tanya Chanturiya, and John F. Kokai-Kun. "Lysostaphin-Resistant Variants of Staphylococcus aureus Demonstrate Reduced Fitness In Vitro and In Vivo." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 2 (2007): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00786-06.

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ABSTRACT Lysostaphin is under development as a therapy for serious staphylococcal infections. During preclinical development, lysostaphin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus variants have occasionally been reported in vitro and in vivo. The acquisition of resistance to this drug, however, leads to a significant increase in β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility, rendering methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains functionally methicillin susceptible. In this study, we have demonstrated that the development of lysostaphin resistance by two strains of MRSA also led to a loss of fitness in the varia

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Heath Farris, M., Lucie S. Heath, Harry E. Heath, Paul A. LeBlanc, Robin S. Simmonds, and Gary L. Sloan. "Expression of the genes for lysostaphin and lysostaphin resistance in streptococci." FEMS Microbiology Letters 228, no. 1 (2003): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00743-2.

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6

Gargis, Shaw R., Harry E. Heath, Paul A. LeBlanc, Linda Dekker, Robin S. Simmonds, and Gary L. Sloan. "Inhibition of the Activity of Both Domains of Lysostaphin through Peptidoglycan Modification by the Lysostaphin Immunity Protein." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 20 (2010): 6944–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01066-10.

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ABSTRACT Resistance to lysostaphin, a staphylolytic glycylglycine endopeptidase, is due to a FemABX-like immunity protein that inserts serines in place of some glycines in peptidoglycan cross bridges. These modifications inhibit both binding of the recombinant cell wall targeting domain and catalysis by the recombinant catalytic domain of lysostaphin.

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Hertlein, Tobias, Volker Sturm, Udo Lorenz, K. Sumathy, Peter Jakob, and Knut Ohlsen. "Bioluminescence and19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Visualize the Efficacy of Lysostaphin Alone and in Combination with Oxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus in Murine Thigh and Catheter-Associated Infection Models." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 3 (2013): 1630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01422-13.

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ABSTRACTStaphylococci are the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Increasingly, they resist antibiotic treatment owing to the development of multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms in most strains. Therefore, the activity and efficacy of recombinant lysostaphin as a drug against this pathogen have been evaluated. Lysostaphin exerts high levels of activity against antibiotic-resistant strains ofStaphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA). The therapeutic value of lysostaphin has been analyzed in two different clinically relevantin vivomodels, a c

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8

Wu, Julie A., Caroline Kusuma, James J. Mond, and John F. Kokai-Kun. "Lysostaphin Disrupts Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms on Artificial Surfaces." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 11 (2003): 3407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.11.3407-3414.2003.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococci often form biofilms, sessile communities of microcolonies encased in an extracellular matrix that adhere to biomedical implants or damaged tissue. Infections associated with biofilms are difficult to treat, and it is estimated that sessile bacteria in biofilms are 1,000 to 1,500 times more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. This antibiotic resistance of biofilms often leads to the failure of conventional antibiotic therapy and necessitates the removal of infected devices. Lysostaphin is a glycylglycine endopeptidase which specifically cleaves th

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9

Kokai-Kun, John F., Scott M. Walsh, Tanya Chanturiya, and James J. Mond. "Lysostaphin Cream Eradicates Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in a Cotton Rat Model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 5 (2003): 1589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.5.1589-1597.2003.

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ABSTRACT The anterior nares are a primary ecologic niche for Staphylococcus aureus, and nasal colonization by this opportunistic pathogen increases the risk of development of S. aureus infection. Clearance of S. aureus nasal colonization greatly reduces this risk. Mupirocin ointment is the current standard of care for clearance of S. aureus nasal colonization, but resistance to this antibiotic is emerging. Lysostaphin is a glycylglycine endopeptidase which specifically cleaves the cross-linking pentaglycine bridges in the cell walls of staphylococci. Lysostaphin is extremely staphylocidal (MIC

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10

Heath, H. E., Lucie S. Heath, James D. Nitterauer, Karen E. Rose, and Gary L. Sloan. "Plasmid-encoded lysostaphin endopeptidase resistance of staphylococcussimulans biovar staphylolyticus." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 160, no. 3 (1989): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(89)80117-2.

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11

Wu, Xia, Jian Zha, Mattheos A. G. Koffas, and Jonathan S. Dordick. "Reducing Staphylococcus aureus resistance to lysostaphin using CRISPR‐dCas9." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 116, no. 12 (2019): 3149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.27143.

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12

Sundarrajan, Sudarson, Junjappa Raghupatil, Aradhana Vipra, et al. "Bacteriophage-derived CHAP domain protein, P128, kills Staphylococcus cells by cleaving interpeptide cross-bridge of peptidoglycan." Microbiology 160, no. 10 (2014): 2157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.079111-0.

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P128 is an anti-staphylococcal protein consisting of the Staphylococcus aureus phage-K-derived tail-associated muralytic enzyme (TAME) catalytic domain (Lys16) fused with the cell-wall-binding SH3b domain of lysostaphin. In order to understand the mechanism of action and emergence of resistance to P128, we isolated mutants of Staphylococcus spp., including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resistant to P128. In addition to P128, the mutants also showed resistance to Lys16, the catalytic domain of P128. The mutants showed loss of fitness as shown by reduced rate of growth in vi

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13

Cheleuitte-Nieves, Christopher E., Leslie L. Diaz, Maria Pardos de la Gandara, et al. "Evaluation of Topical Lysostaphin as a Novel Treatment for Instrumented Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Infected with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Comparative Medicine 70, no. 5 (2020): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000102.

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Lytic enzymes are novel antimicrobial agents that degrade bacterial cell walls, resulting in cell rupture and death. We tested one enzyme, the bacteriocin lysostaphin, for treatment of nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta) with persistent methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection of their cranial implant margins. The goal of this study was to determine if topical lysostaphin, either alone or as an adjunct therapy, could eliminate MRSA. Lysostaphin had in vitro lytic activity against all 4 previously identified NHP MRSA clones, as well as against 12 MRSA isolates of the same clon

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14

Ehlert, Kerstin, Martin Tschierske, Claudio Mori, Werner Schröder, and Brigitte Berger-Bächi. "Site-Specific Serine Incorporation by Lif and Epr into Positions 3 and 5 of the Staphylococcal Peptidoglycan Interpeptide Bridge." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 9 (2000): 2635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.9.2635-2638.2000.

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ABSTRACT The FemAB-like factors Lif and Epr confer resistance to glycylglycine endopeptidases lysostaphin and Ale-1, respectively, by incorporating serine residues into the staphylococcal peptidoglycan interpeptide bridges specifically at positions 3 and 5. This required the presence of FemA and/or FemB, in contrast to earlier postulations.

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15

Schmelcher, Mathias, Anne M. Powell, Stephen C. Becker, Mary J. Camp, and David M. Donovan. "Chimeric Phage Lysins Act Synergistically with Lysostaphin To Kill Mastitis-Causing Staphylococcus aureus in Murine Mammary Glands." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 7 (2012): 2297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07050-11.

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ABSTRACTStaphylococci cause bovine mastitis, withStaphylococcus aureusbeing responsible for the majority of the mastitis-based losses to the dairy industry (up to $2 billion/annum). Treatment is primarily with antibiotics, which are often ineffective and potentially contribute to resistance development. Bacteriophage endolysins (peptidoglycan hydrolases) present a promising source of alternative antimicrobials. Here we evaluated two fusion proteins consisting of the streptococcal λSA2 endolysin endopeptidase domain fused to staphylococcal cell wall binding domains from either lysostaphin (λSA2

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Boyle-Vavra, Susan, Sarah K. Berke, Jean C. Lee, and Robert S. Daum. "Reversion of the Glycopeptide Resistance Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 2 (2000): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.2.272-277.2000.

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ABSTRACT The recent identification of glycopeptide intermediate-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (GISA) clinical isolates has provided an opportunity to assess the stability of the glycopeptide resistance phenotype by nonselective serial passage and to evaluate reversion-associated cell surface changes. Three GISA isolates from the United States (MIC of vancomycin = 8 μg/ml) and two from Japan (MICs of vancomycin = 8 and 2 μg/ml) were passaged daily on nutrient agar with or without vancomycin supplementation. After 15 days of passage on nonselective medium, vancomycin- and teicoplanin-susceptibl

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Boyle-Vavra, S. "Development of vancomycin and lysostaphin resistance in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 48, no. 5 (2001): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/48.5.617.

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Pipiya, Sofiya O., Yuliana A. Mokrushina, Alexander G. Gabibov, Ivan V. Smirnov, and Stanislav S. Terekhov. "Selective Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus by the Designer Genetically Programmed Yeast Biocontrol Agent." Antibiotics 9, no. 9 (2020): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090527.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that is particularly often associated with antibiotic resistance. The eradication of this ubiquitous infectious agent from its ecological niches and contaminated surfaces is especially complicated by excessive biofilm formation and persisting cells, which evade the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics. Here, we present an alternative view of the problem of specific S. aureus eradication. The constitutive heterologous production of highly specific bacteriolytic protease lysostaphin in yeast Pichia pastoris provides an efficient bioc

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Peschel, Andreas, Cuong Vuong, Michael Otto, and Friedrich Götz. "The d-Alanine Residues ofStaphylococcus aureus Teichoic Acids Alter the Susceptibility to Vancomycin and the Activity of Autolytic Enzymes." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 10 (2000): 2845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.10.2845-2847.2000.

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ABSTRACT Recently, Staphylococcus aureus strains with intermediate resistance to vancomycin, the antibiotic of last resort, have been described. Multiple changes in peptidoglycan turnover and structure contribute to the resistance phenotype. Here, we describe that structural changes of teichoic acids in the cell envelope have a considerable influence on the susceptibility to vancomycin and other glycopeptides. S. aureus cells lackingd-alanine esters in teichoic acids exhibited an at least threefold-increased sensitivity to glycopeptide antibiotics. Furthermore, the autolytic activity of the d-

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Septimus, Edward J., and Marin L. Schweizer. "Decolonization in Prevention of Health Care-Associated Infections." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 29, no. 2 (2016): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00049-15.

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SUMMARYColonization with health care-associated pathogens such asStaphylococcus aureus, enterococci, Gram-negative organisms, andClostridium difficileis associated with increased risk of infection. Decolonization is an evidence-based intervention that can be used to prevent health care-associated infections (HAIs). This review evaluates agents used for nasal topical decolonization, topical (e.g., skin) decolonization, oral decolonization, and selective digestive or oropharyngeal decontamination. Although the majority of studies performed to date have focused onS. aureusdecolonization, there is

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Fuller, Elizabeth, Catherine Elmer, Fiona Nattress та ін. "β-Lactam Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Cells That Do Not Require a Cell Wall for Integrity". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, № 12 (2005): 5075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.12.5075-5080.2005.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 cells with defective cell walls were generated on a medium with elevated osmolality in the presence of sublethal levels of penicillin G. On removal of antibiotic pressure, the cells exhibited stable penicillin and methicillin resistance. The resistance was homogeneous and its acquisition was enhanced following transient cell wall-defective growth. The resistant cells were mecA negative, β-lactamase negative and did not contain any mutations in the coding regions of pbp genes. When penicillin was added back to resistant cells, they continued to grow and

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Rossi, Jutta, Markus Bischoff, Akihito Wada, and Brigitte Berger-Bächi. "MsrR, a Putative Cell Envelope-Associated Element Involved in Staphylococcus aureus sarA Attenuation." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 8 (2003): 2558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.8.2558-2564.2003.

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ABSTRACT A novel membrane-associated protein, MsrR, was identified in Staphylococcus aureus which affects resistance to methicillin and teicoplanin, as well as the synthesis of virulence factors. MsrR belongs to the LytR-CpsA-Psr family of cell envelope-related transcriptional attenuators and was shown to be inducible by cell wall-active agents, such as β-lactams, glycopeptides, and lysostaphin. The expression of msrR peaked in the early exponential growth phase and decreased sharply thereafter. msrR mutants showed increased sarA transcription and an earlier and higher expression of RNAIII, re

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Arroyo-Moreno, Sara, Máire Begley, Kornelia Dembicka, and Aidan Coffey. "Engineering of the CHAPk Staphylococcal Phage Endolysin to Enhance Antibacterial Activity against Stationary-Phase Cells." Antibiotics 10, no. 6 (2021): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060722.

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Bacteriophage endolysins and their derivatives have strong potential as antibacterial agents considering the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in common bacterial pathogens. The peptidoglycan degrading peptidase CHAPk, a truncated derivate of staphylococcal phage K endolysin (LysK), has proven efficacy in preventing and disrupting staphylococcal biofilms. Nevertheless, the concentration of CHAPk required to eliminate populations of stationary-phase cells was previously found to be four-fold higher than that for log-phase cells. Moreover, CHAPk-mediated lysis of stationary-phase ce

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DeHart, H. P., H. E. Heath, L. S. Heath, P. A. LeBlanc, and G. L. Sloan. "The lysostaphin endopeptidase resistance gene (epr) specifies modification of peptidoglycan cross bridges in Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus aureus." Applied and environmental microbiology 61, no. 4 (1995): 1475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1475-1479.1995.

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Yan, Xianghe, Yanping Xie, Charles Li, et al. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Antimicrobial Properties of Lysostaphin in Staphylococcus aureus." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020125.

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Comparative transcriptome analysis and de novo short-read assembly of S. aureus Newman strains revealed significant transcriptional changes in response to the exposure to triple-acting staphylolytic peptidoglycan hydrolase (PGH) 1801. Most altered transcriptions were associated with the membrane, cell wall, and related genes, including amidase, peptidase, holin, and phospholipase D/transphosphatidylase. The differential expression of genes obtained from RNA-seq was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Moreover, some of these gene expression changes were consistent with the obse

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Moreira, B., S. Boyle-Vavra, B. L. deJonge, and R. S. Daum. "Increased production of penicillin-binding protein 2, increased detection of other penicillin-binding proteins, and decreased coagulase activity associated with glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, no. 8 (1997): 1788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.41.8.1788.

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The mechanism of glycopeptide resistance in the genus Staphylococcus is unknown. Since these antimicrobial compounds act by binding the peptidoglycan precursor terminus, the target of transglycosylase and transpeptidase enzymes, it was hypothesized that resistance might be mediated in Staphylococcus aureus by increased production or activity of these enzymes, commonly called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). To evaluate this possibility, glycopeptide-resistant mutants were prepared by passage of several clinical isolates of this species in nutrient broth containing successively increasing co

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Vacek, Lukáš, Šárka Kobzová, Richard Čmelík, Roman Pantůček, and Lubomír Janda. "Enzybiotics LYSSTAPH-S and LYSDERM-S as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Chronic MRSA Wound Infections." Antibiotics 9, no. 8 (2020): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080519.

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Antibacterial antibiotic therapy has played an important role in the treatment of bacterial infections for almost a century. The increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics leads to an attempt to use previously neglected antibacterial therapies. Here we provide information on the two recombinantly modified antistaphylococcal enzymes derived from lysostaphin (LYSSTAPH-S) and endolysin (LYSDERM-S) derived from kayvirus 812F1 whose target sites reside in the bacterial cell wall. LYSSTAPH-S showed a stable antimicrobial effect over 24-h testing, even in concentrations lower than 1

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Rosy, R. C. "Influence of variation in the sequence(s) of factors essential for methicillin resistance (fem genes) on the expression of resistance to Lysostaphin and secretion of DNAse." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 45 (April 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.288.

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Beltramini, Amanda M., Chitrangada D. Mukhopadhyay, and Vijay Pancholi. "Modulation of Cell Wall Structure and Antimicrobial Susceptibility by a Staphylococcus aureus Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinase and Phosphatase." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 4 (2009): 1406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01499-08.

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ABSTRACT It is well established that prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike utilize phosphotransfer to regulate cellular functions. One method by which this occurs is via eukaryote-like serine/threonine kinase (ESTK)- and phosphatase (ESTP)-regulated pathways. The role of these enzymes in Staphylococcus aureus has not yet been examined. This resilient organism is a common cause of hospital-acquired and community-associated infections, infecting immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts alike. In this study, we have characterized a major functional ESTK (STK) and ESTP (STP) in S. aureus and found t

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Pfeltz, Richard F., Vineet K. Singh, Jennifer L. Schmidt, et al. "Characterization of Passage-Selected Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains of Diverse Parental Backgrounds." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 2 (2000): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.2.294-303.2000.

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ABSTRACT A series of 12 Staphylococcus aureus strains of various genetic backgrounds, methicillin resistance levels, and autolytic activities were subjected to selection for the glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) susceptibility phenotype on increasing concentrations of vancomycin. Six strains acquired the phenotype rapidly, two did so slowly, and four failed to do so. The vancomycin MICs for the GISA strains ranged from 4 to 16 μg/ml, were stable to 20 nonselective passages, and expressed resistance homogeneously. Neither ease of acquisition of the GISA phenotype nor the MIC attained c

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Hiba Muneer Al-Khafagi. "EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH OF Staphylococcus aureus MUTANTS." journal of the college of basic education 17, no. 72 (2019): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v17i72.4504.

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The study included the identification of Staphylococcus aureus (wild type and mutant) isolates. All these isolates were identified as coagulase and catalase positive and able to ferment mannitol. Strain number 24 was chosen & undergone mutation with NTG to isolate temperature sensitive osmotically fragile (TOF) mutants. TOF mutants were successfully isolated by exposing the cell suspension to 200 Mg/ml of NTG for 75 minutes. The results of characterization of TOF mutants, showed that these mutants were identical to their mother strain morphologically and biochemically. The result of

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Willing, Stephanie, Emma Dyer, Olaf Schneewind, and Dominique Missiakas. "FmhA and FmhC of Staphylococcus aureus incorporate serine residues into peptidoglycan cross-bridges." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 39 (2020): 13664–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014371.

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Staphylococcal peptidoglycan is characterized by pentaglycine cross-bridges that are cross-linked between adjacent wall peptides by penicillin-binding proteins to confer robustness and flexibility. In Staphylococcus aureus, pentaglycine cross-bridges are synthesized by three proteins: FemX adds the first glycine, and the homodimers FemA and FemB sequentially add two Gly-Gly dipeptides. Occasionally, serine residues are also incorporated into the cross-bridges by enzymes that have heretofore not been identified. Here, we show that the FemA/FemB homologues FmhA and FmhC pair with FemA and FemB t

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Qin, Zhiqiang, Xiaomei Yang, Lei Yang, et al. "Formation and properties of in vitro biofilms of ica-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 1 (2007): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46799-0.

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Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis has become the leading cause of foreign-body infections due to its biofilm formation on all kinds of medical-device surfaces. The biofilm development of S. epidermidis includes two steps: the initial attachment phase and the accumulative phase. In the accumulative phase, the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), encoded by the icaADBC locus, is the major component mediating intercellular adhesion. However, recent studies have revealed the emergence of biofilm-positive/ica-negative staphylococcal clinical isolates. In this report, two ica-nega

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Tamber, Sandeep, Joseph Schwartzman, and Ambrose L. Cheung. "Role of PknB Kinase in Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain USA300." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 8 (2010): 3637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00296-10.

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ABSTRACT The regulation of cellular processes by eukaryote-like serine/threonine kinases is widespread in bacteria. In the last 2 years, several studies have examined the role of serine/threonine kinases in Staphylococcus aureus on cell wall metabolism, autolysis, and virulence, mostly in S. aureus laboratory isolates in the 8325-4 lineage. In this study, we showed that the pknB gene (also called stk1) of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain COL and the community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) strain USA300 is involved in cell wall metabolism, with the pknB mutant exhibiting enhanced sensiti

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Levinger, Oren, Tamar Bikels-Goshen, Elad Landau, Merav Fichman, and Roni Shapira. "Epigallocatechin Gallate Induces Upregulation of the Two-Component VraSR System by Evoking a Cell Wall Stress Response in Staphylococcus aureus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 22 (2012): 7954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02253-12.

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ABSTRACTWe previously found that a short exposure ofStaphylococcus aureusto subinhibitory (SI) doses of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) results in increased cell wall thickness, adaptation, and enhanced tolerance to cell-wall-targeted antibiotics. In this study, the response to EGCG ofsigBandvraSRtranscription factor mutants was characterized. We show that in contrast to the results observed for wild-type (WT) strains, anS. aureus315vraSRnull mutant exposed to SI doses of EGCG did not exhibit increased tolerance to EGCG and oxacillin. A diminished increase in tolerance to ampicillin (from 16-f

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Mohamed, Mohamed F., Maha I. Hamed, Alyssa Panitch, and Mohamed N. Seleem. "Targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Short Salt-Resistant Synthetic Peptides." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 7 (2014): 4113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02578-14.

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ABSTRACTThe seriousness of microbial resistance combined with the lack of new antimicrobials has increased interest in the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as novel therapeutics. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of two short synthetic peptides, namely, RRIKA and RR. These peptides exhibited potent antimicrobial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus, and their antimicrobial effects were significantly enhanced by addition of three amino acids in the C terminus, which consequently increased the amphipathicity, hydrophobicity, and net charge. Moreover, RRIKA and

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Donovan, David M., Shengli Dong, Wes Garrett, Geneviève M. Rousseau, Sylvain Moineau, and David G. Pritchard. "Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Fusions Maintain Their Parental Specificities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 4 (2006): 2988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2988-2996.2006.

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ABSTRACT The increased incidence of bacterial antibiotic resistance has led to a renewed search for novel antimicrobials. Avoiding the use of broad-range antimicrobials through the use of specific peptidoglycan hydrolases (endolysins) might reduce the incidence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are human pathogens and also cause mastitis in dairy cattle. The ultimate goal of this work is to create transgenic cattle that are resistant to mastitis through the expression of an antimicrobial protein(s) in their milk. Toward this end, tw

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Dubrac, Sarah, Ivo Gomperts Boneca, Olivier Poupel, and Tarek Msadek. "New Insights into the WalK/WalR (YycG/YycF) Essential Signal Transduction Pathway Reveal a Major Role in Controlling Cell Wall Metabolism and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 22 (2007): 8257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00645-07.

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ABSTRACT The highly conserved WalK/WalR (also known as YycG/YycF) two-component system is specific to low-G+C gram-positive bacteria. While this system is essential for cell viability, both the nature of its regulon and its physiological role have remained mostly uncharacterized. We observed that, unexpectedly, Staphylococcus aureus cell death induced by WalKR depletion was not followed by lysis. We show that WalKR positively controls autolytic activity, in particular that of the two major S. aureus autolysins, AtlA and LytM. By using our previously characterized consensus WalR binding site an

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SZWEDA, Piotr, Marta SCHIELMANN, Aneta FRANKOWSKA, Barbara KOT, and Magdalena ZALEWSKA. "Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cows with Mastitis in Eastern Poland and Analysis of Susceptibility of Resistant Strains to Alternative Nonantibiotic Agents: Lysostaphin, Nisin and Polymyxin B." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 76, no. 3 (2014): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0177.

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Shaw, Lindsey N., Ewa Golonka, Grzegorz Szmyd, Simon J. Foster, James Travis, and Jan Potempa. "Cytoplasmic Control of Premature Activation of a Secreted Protease Zymogen: Deletion of Staphostatin B (SspC) in Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 Yields a Profound Pleiotropic Phenotype." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 5 (2005): 1751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.5.1751-1762.2005.

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ABSTRACT The cytoplasmic protein SspC of Staphylococcus aureus, referred to as staphostatin B, is a very specific, tightly binding inhibitor of the secreted protease staphopain B (SspB). SspC is hypothesized to protect intracellular proteins against proteolytic damage by prematurely folded and activated staphopain B (M. Rzychon, A. Sabat, K. Kosowska, J. Potempa, and A. Dubin, Mol. Microbiol. 49:1051-1066, 2003). Here we provide evidence that elimination of intracellular staphopain B activity is indeed the function of SspC. An isogenic sspC mutant of S. aureus 8325-4 exhibits a wide range of s

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Soni, Ankit, S. N. Askari, and Shamim Ahmad. "Experimental Lysostaphin therapy in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced keratitis in Rabbits: A comparative evaluation." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (2015): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2015.2.2.17.

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Batool, Nayab, Kwan Soo Ko, Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia, and Kyeong Kyu Kim. "Draft Genome Sequences of Lysostaphin-Resistant (K07-204) and Lysostaphin-Susceptible (K07-561) Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 72 Strains Isolated from Patients in South Korea." Microbiology Resource Announcements 9, no. 49 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mra.01057-20.

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ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 72 (ST72) is prevalent in South Korea and has shown resistance to multiple antimicrobials. ST72 isolates display different levels of resistance to the antistaphylococcal lysostaphin. Draft genome sequencing of ST72 human isolates exhibiting lysostaphin resistance or susceptibility was performed to better understand the mechanism of lysostaphin resistance using subtractive genomics.

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Sharma, Namita, Anil Kumar Chhillar, Sweety Dahiya, et al. "Chemotherapeutic Strategies for Combating Staphylococcus aureus Infections." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 21 (April 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557521666210402150325.

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: Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen that causes nosocomial and community acquired infections. The accelerating emergence and prevalence of staphylococcal infections have grotesque health consequences which are mostly due to its anomalous capability to acquire drug resistance and scarcity of novel classes of antibacterials. Many combating therapies are centered on primary targets of S. aureus which are cell envelope, ribosomes and nucleic acids. This review describes various chemotherapeutic strategies for combating S. aureus infections which includes monotherapy, combination

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Barros, Elaine M., Melissa J. Martin, Elizabeth M. Selleck, François Lebreton, Jorge Luiz M. Sampaio, and Michael S. Gilmore. "Daptomycin Resistance and Tolerance Due to Loss of Function inStaphylococcus aureusdsp1andasp23." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01542-18.

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ABSTRACTLipopeptide daptomycin is a last-line cell-membrane-targeting antibiotic to treat multidrug-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. Alarmingly, daptomycin-resistantS. aureusisolates have emerged. The mechanisms underlying daptomycin resistance are diverse and share similarities with resistances to cationic antimicrobial peptides and other lipopeptides, but they remain to be fully elucidated. We selected mutants with increased resistance to daptomycin from a library of transposon insertions in sequent type 8 (ST8)S. aureusHG003. Insertions conferring increased daptomycin resistance were localiz

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Peignier, Adeline, Paul J. Planet, and Dane Parker. "Differential Induction of Type I and III Interferons by Staphylococcus aureus." Infection and Immunity 88, no. 10 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00352-20.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, and we have shown previously that type I interferon (IFN) contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we screened 75 S. aureus strains for their ability to induce type I and III IFN. Both cytokine pathways were differentially stimulated by various S. aureus strains independently of their isolation sites or methicillin resistance profiles. These induction patterns persisted over time, and type I and III IFN generation differentially correlated with tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Investigation

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Raven, Kathy E., Sophia T. Girgis, Asha Akram, et al. "A common protocol for the simultaneous processing of multiple clinically relevant bacterial species for whole genome sequencing." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80031-8.

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AbstractWhole-genome sequencing is likely to become increasingly used by local clinical microbiology laboratories, where sequencing volume is low compared with national reference laboratories. Here, we describe a universal protocol for simultaneous DNA extraction and sequencing of numerous different bacterial species, allowing mixed species sequence runs to meet variable laboratory demand. We assembled test panels representing 20 clinically relevant bacterial species. The DNA extraction process used the QIAamp mini DNA kit, to which different combinations of reagents were added. Thereafter, a

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Raven, Kathy E., Sophia T. Girgis, Asha Akram, et al. "A common protocol for the simultaneous processing of multiple clinically relevant bacterial species for whole genome sequencing." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80031-8.

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AbstractWhole-genome sequencing is likely to become increasingly used by local clinical microbiology laboratories, where sequencing volume is low compared with national reference laboratories. Here, we describe a universal protocol for simultaneous DNA extraction and sequencing of numerous different bacterial species, allowing mixed species sequence runs to meet variable laboratory demand. We assembled test panels representing 20 clinically relevant bacterial species. The DNA extraction process used the QIAamp mini DNA kit, to which different combinations of reagents were added. Thereafter, a

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Fang, Yongliang, Jack R. Kirsch, Liang Li та ін. "Deimmunized Lysostaphin Synergizes with Small-molecule Chemotherapies and Re-sensitizes MRSA to β-Lactam Antibiotics". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 14 грудня 2020, AAC.01707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01707-20.

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There is an urgent need for novel agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections, such as multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Desirable properties for new antibiotics include high potency, narrow species selectivity, low propensity to elicit new resistance phenotypes, and synergy with standard of care (SOC) chemotherapies. Here, we describe analysis of the anti-MRSA potential exhibited by F12, an innovative anti-MRSA lysin that has been genetically engineered to evade detrimental antidrug immune responses in human patients. F12 possesses high potency and rapid onset of actio

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Liu, Pilong, Zehua Hao, Miaomiao Liu, et al. "Genetic mutations in adaptive evolution of growth-independent vancomycin-tolerant Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, July 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab260.

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Abstract Background Antibiotic tolerance allows bacteria to overcome antibiotic treatment transiently and potentially accelerates the emergence of resistance. However, our understanding of antibiotic tolerance at the genetic level during adaptive evolution of Staphylococcus aureus remains incomplete. We sought to identify the mutated genes and verify the role of these genes in the formation of vancomycin tolerance in S. aureus. Methods Vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus strain Newman was used to induce vancomycin-tolerant isolates in vitro by cyclic exposure under a high concentration of vancomy

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Verbree, Carolin T., Steven M. Dätwyler, Susanne Meile, et al. "Identification of Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Constructs with Synergistic Staphylolytic Activity in Cow's Milk." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83, no. 7 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03445-16.

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ABSTRACT Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) have been suggested as novel therapeutics for the treatment of bovine mastitis. However, activity in the presence of cow's milk is an important requirement for drugs administered into the bovine udder. We have screened a library of >170 recombinant PGHs, including engineered bacteriophage endolysins, for enzymes with activity against Staphylococcus aureus in milk, using a microtiter plate-based protocol. Nine suitable PGH constructs were identified by this approach and further compared in time-kill assays for their efficacy against S. aureus in heat-

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