Academic literature on the topic 'LytA'
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Journal articles on the topic "LytA"
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Eldholm, Vegard, Ola Johnsborg, Kristine Haugen, Hilde Solheim Ohnstad, and Leiv Sigve Håvarstein. "Fratricide in Streptococcus pneumoniae: contributions and role of the cell wall hydrolases CbpD, LytA and LytC." Microbiology 155, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 2223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.026328-0.
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Pneumococci that have developed the competent state kill and lyse non-competent sister cells and members of closely related species during co-cultivation in vitro. The key component in this process, called fratricide, is the product of the late competence gene cbpD. In addition, the peptidoglycan hydrolases LytA and LytC are required for efficient lysis of target cells. Here, we have investigated the relative contribution and possible role of each of the proteins mentioned above. Previous studies have shown that CbpD is produced exclusively by competent cells, whereas LytA and LytC can be provided by the competent attackers as well as the non-competent target cells. By using an improved assay to compare the effect of cis- versus trans-acting LytA and LytC, we were able to show that target cells are lysed much more efficiently when LytA and LytC are provided in cis, i.e. by the target cells themselves. Western analysis demonstrated that considerable amounts of LytC are present in the growth medium. In contrast, we were not able to detect any extracellular LytA. This finding indicates that LytA- and LytC-mediated fratricide represent different processes. In the absence of LytA and LytC, only a tiny fraction of the target cells were lysed, demonstrating that CbpD does not function efficiently on its own. However, in the presence of 1 mM EDTA, the fraction of target cells lysed directly by CbpD increased dramatically, indicating that divalent cations are involved in the regulation of fratricide under natural conditions.
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Corsini, Bruno, Leire Aguinagalde, Susana Ruiz, Mirian Domenech, and Jose Yuste. "Vaccination with LytA, LytC, or Pce of Streptococcus pneumoniae Protects against Sepsis by Inducing IgGs That Activate the Complement System." Vaccines 9, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020186.
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The emergence of non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae after the use of vaccines based in capsular polysaccharides demonstrates the need of a broader protection vaccine based in protein antigens and widely conserved. In this study, we characterized three important virulence factors of S. pneumoniae namely LytA, LytC, and Pce as vaccine candidates. These proteins are choline-binding proteins that belong to the cell wall hydrolases’ family. Immunization of mice with LytA, LytC, or Pce induced high titers of immunoglobulins G (IgGs) of different subclasses, with IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b as the predominant immunoglobulins raised. These antibodies activated the classical pathway of the complement system by increasing the recognition of C1q on the surface of pneumococcal strains of different serotypes. Consequently, the key complement component C3 recognized more efficiently these strains in the presence of specific antibodies elicited by these proteins, activating, therefore, the phagocytosis. Finally, a mouse sepsis model of infection was established, confirming that vaccination with these proteins controlled bacterial replication in the bloodstream, increasing the survival rate. Overall, these results demonstrate that LytA, LytC, and Pce can be protein antigens to be contained in a future universal vaccine against S. pneumoniae.
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De Las Rivas, Blanca, José L. García, Rubens López, and Pedro García. "Purification and Polar Localization of Pneumococcal LytB, a Putative Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase: the Chain-Dispersing Murein Hydrolase." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 18 (September 15, 2002): 4988–5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.18.4988-5000.2002.
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ABSTRACT The DNA region encoding the mature form of a pneumococcal murein hydrolase (LytB) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. LytB was purified by affinity chromatography, and its activity was suggested to be the first identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Streptococcus pneumoniae. LytB can remove a maximum of only 25% of the radioactivity from [3H]choline-labeled pneumococcal cell walls in in vitro assays. Inactivation of the lytB gene of wild-type strain R6 (R6B mutant) led to the formation of long chains but did not affect either total cell wall hydrolytic activity at the stationary phase of growth or development of genetic competence. Longer chains were formed when the lytB mutation was introduced into the M31 strain (M31B mutant), which harbors a complete deletion of lytA, which codes for the major autolysin. Furthermore, the use of this mutant revealed that LytB is the first nonautolytic murein hydrolase of pneumococcus. Purified LytB added to pneumococcal cultures of R6B or M31B was capable of dispersing, in a dose-dependent manner, the long chains characteristic of these mutants into diplococci or short chains, the typical morphology of R6 and M31 strains, respectively. In vitro acetylation of purified pneumococcal cell walls did not affect the activity of LytB, whereas that of the LytA amidase was drastically reduced. On the other hand, the use of a translational fusion between the gene (gfp) coding for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and lytB supports the notion that LytB accumulates in the cell poles of either the wild-type R6, lytB mutants, or ethanolamine-containing cells (EA cells). The GFP-LytB fusion protein was also able to unchain the lytB mutants but not the EA cells. In contrast, translational fusion protein GFP-LytA preferentially bound to the equatorial regions of choline-containing cells but did not affect their average chain length. These observations suggest the existence of specific receptors for LytB that are positioned at the polar region on the pneumococcal surface, allowing localized peptidoglycan hydrolysis and separation of the daughter cells.
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Harkness, Robin E., Wolfgang Kusser, Bei-jing Qi, and Edward E. Ishiguro. "Genetic mapping of the lytA and lytB loci of Escherichia coli, which are involved in penicillin tolerance and control of the stringent response." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-156.
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The mutations in nine independently isolated temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli, which exhibited penicillin tolerance and induction of the stringent response at the restrictive temperature, were assigned to two new loci designated lytA (7 alleles) and lytB (2 alleles) at 58 and 0.4 min on the linkage map, respectively. Key words: bacteriolysis, penicillin tolerance, stringent response.
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Sakakibara, Shuhei, Keiji Ueda, Jiguo Chen, Toshiomi Okuno, and Koichi Yamanishi. "Octamer-Binding Sequence Is a Key Element for the Autoregulation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF50/Lyta Gene Expression." Journal of Virology 75, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 6894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.15.6894-6900.2001.
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ABSTRACT The expression of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 50 (ORF50) protein, Lyta (lytic transactivator), marks the switch from latent KSHV infection to the lytic phase. ORF50/Lyta upregulates several target KSHV genes, such as K8 (K-bZip), K9 (vIRF1), and ORF57, finally leading to the production of mature viruses. The auto-upregulation of ORF50/Lyta is thought to be an important mechanism for efficient lytic viral replication. In this study, we focused on this autoregulation and identified the promoter element required for it. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that the octamer-binding protein 1 (Oct-1) bound to this element. Mutations in the octamer-binding motif resulted in refractoriness of the ORF50/Lyta promoter to transactivation by ORF50/Lyta, and Oct-1 expression enhanced this transactivation. These results suggest that the autoregulation of ORF50/Lyta is mediated by Oct-1.
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Standish, Alistair J., Jonathan J. Whittall, and Renato Morona. "Tyrosine phosphorylation enhances activity of pneumococcal autolysin LytA." Microbiology 160, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 2745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.080747-0.
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Tyrosine phosphorylation has long been recognized as a crucial post-translational regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes. However, only in the past decade has recognition been given to the crucial importance of bacterial tyrosine phosphorylation as an important regulatory feature of pathogenesis. This study describes the effect of tyrosine phosphorylation on the activity of a major virulence factor of the pneumococcus, the autolysin LytA, and a possible connection to the Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule synthesis regulatory proteins (CpsB, CpsC and CpsD). We show that in vitro pneumococcal tyrosine kinase, CpsD, and the protein tyrosine phosphatase, CpsB, act to phosphorylate and dephosphorylate LytA. Furthermore, this modulates LytA function in vitro with phosphorylated LytA binding more strongly to the choline analogue DEAE. A phospho-mimetic (Y264E) mutation of the LytA phosphorylation site displayed similar phenotypes as well as an enhanced dimerization capacity. Similarly, tyrosine phosphorylation increased LytA amidase activity, as evidenced by a turbidometric amidase activity assay. Similarly, when the phospho-mimetic mutation was introduced in the chromosomal lytA of S. pneumoniae, autolysis occurred earlier and at an enhanced rate. This study thus describes, to our knowledge, the first functional regulatory effect of tyrosine phosphorylation on a non-capsule-related protein in the pneumococcus, and suggests a link between the regulation of LytA-dependent autolysis of the cell and the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide.
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Rodríguez-Cerrato, Violeta, Pedro García, Lorena Huelves, Ernesto García, Gema del Prado, Matilde Gracia, Carmen Ponte, Rubens López, and Francisco Soriano. "Pneumococcal LytA Autolysin, a Potent Therapeutic Agent in Experimental Peritonitis-Sepsis Caused by Highly β-Lactam-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 9 (June 18, 2007): 3371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00137-07.
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ABSTRACT The in vitro and in vivo antipneumococcal activities of the main pneumococcal autolysin (LytA) and Cpl-1, a lysozyme encoded by phage Cp-1, were studied. Intraperitoneal therapy with LytA or high-dose Cpl-1 remarkably reduced peritoneal bacterial counts (>5 log10 CFU/ml) compared with those for the controls. After intravenous injection, LytA was the most effective treatment.
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Ramos-Sevillano, Elisa, Ana Urzainqui, Susana Campuzano, Miriam Moscoso, Fernando González-Camacho, Mirian Domenech, Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba, et al. "Pleiotropic Effects of Cell Wall Amidase LytA on Streptococcus pneumoniae Sensitivity to the Host Immune Response." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02811-14.
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The complement system is a key component of the host immune response for the recognition and clearance ofStreptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, we demonstrate that the amidase LytA, the main pneumococcal autolysin, inhibits complement-mediated immunity independently of effects on pneumolysin by a complex process of impaired complement activation, increased binding of complement regulators, and direct degradation of complement C3. The use of human sera depleted of either C1q or factor B confirmed that LytA prevented activation of both the classical and alternative pathways, whereas pneumolysin inhibited only the classical pathway. LytA prevented binding of C1q and the acute-phase protein C-reactive protein toS. pneumoniae, thereby reducing activation of the classical pathway on the bacterial surface. In addition, LytA increased recruitment of the complement downregulators C4BP and factor H to the pneumococcal cell wall and directly cleaved C3b and iC3b to generate degradation products. As a consequence, C3b deposition and phagocytosis increased in the absence of LytA and were markedly enhanced for thelytA plydouble mutant, confirming that a combination of LytA and Ply is essential for the establishment of pneumococcal pneumonia and sepsis in a murine model of infection. These data demonstrate that LytA has pleiotropic effects on complement activation, a finding which, in combination with the effects of pneumolysin on complement to assist with pneumococcal complement evasion, confirms a major role of both proteins for the full virulence of the microorganism during septicemia.
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Suzuki, Nao, Mayumi Yuyama, Sinsaku Maeda, Haruhiko Ogawa, Kazuyuki Mashiko, and Yusuke Kiyoura. "Genotypic identification of presumptive Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR using four genes highly specific for S. pneumoniae." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46296-0.
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It was previously reported that two oligonucleotide primer sets (spn9802 and spn9828) for discriminating Streptococcus pneumoniae from pneumococcus-like oral streptococcal isolates using PCR had been developed. In this study, PCR amplification of the lytA, ply, spn9802 and spn9828 genes was used to identify presumptive S. pneumoniae. Two genetic groups were identified by analysing sputum samples from 28 patients with community-acquired pneumonia: the lytA-positive, ply-positive, spn9802-positive and spn9828-negative group, and the lytA-positive, ply-positive, spn9802-positive and spn9828-positive group. Isolates of the former group were resistant to optochin, while those of the latter group showed susceptibility to optochin. The lytA-positive, ply-positive, spn9802-negative and spn9828-negative isolates, and lytA-positive, ply-positive, spn9802-negative and spn9828-positive isolates, were not detected in sputum from patients with pneumonia. Subsequently, a total of 92 saliva samples from healthy individuals was screened by PCR using these primer sets. The lytA-positive, ply-positive, spn9802-positive and spn9828-negative group was identified more frequently in saliva from healthy children than in saliva from older healthy individuals and patients with pneumonia. The lytA-positive, ply-positive, spn9802-positive and spn9828-positive group was found frequently in saliva from healthy children, and in saliva and sputum from patients with pneumonia. This study demonstrates a rapid, optimal screening method for the genotypic identification of presumptive S. pneumoniae by PCR using four genes highly specific for S. pneumoniae.
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Romero, Patricia, Rubens López, and Ernesto García. "Characterization of LytA-Like N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanine Amidases from Two New Streptococcus mitis Bacteriophages Provides Insights into the Properties of the Major Pneumococcal Autolysin." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 24 (December 15, 2004): 8229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.24.8229-8239.2004.
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ABSTRACT Two new temperate bacteriophages exhibiting a Myoviridae (φB6) and a Siphoviridae (φHER) morphology have been isolated from Streptococcus mitis strains B6 and HER 1055, respectively, and partially characterized. The lytic phage genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and their encoded proteins were purified. The lytA HER and lytA B6 genes are very similar (87% identity) and appeared to belong to the group of the so-called typical LytA amidases (atypical LytA displays a characteristic two-amino-acid deletion signature). although they exhibited several differential biochemical properties with respect to the pneumococcal LytA, e.g., they were inhibited in vitro by sodium deoxycholate and showed a more acidic pH for optimal activity. However, and in sharp contrast with the pneumococcal LytA, a short dialysis of LytAHER or LytAB6 resulted in reversible deconversion to the low-activity state (E-form) of the fully active phage amidases (C-form). Comparison of the amino acid sequences of LytAHER and LytAB6 with that of the pneumococcal amidase suggested that Val317 might be responsible for at least some of the peculiar properties of S. mitis phage enzymes. Site-directed mutagenesis that changed Val317 in the pneumococcal LytA amidase to a Thr residue (characteristic of LytAB6 and LytAHER) produced a fully active pneumococcal enzyme that differs from the parental one only in that the mutant amidase can reversibly recover the low-activity E-form upon dialysis. This is the first report showing that a single amino acid residue is involved in the conversion process of the major S. pneumoniae autolysin. Our results also showed that some lysogenic S. mitis strains possess a lytA-like gene, something that was previously thought to be exclusive to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Moreover, the newly discovered phage lysins constitute a missing link between the typical and atypical pneumococcal amidases known previously.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LytA"
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Luckmini, Kaushalya Weerakoon Jayaswal Radheshyam K. "Molecular analysis of the upstream region of a lysin gene (lytA) of bateriophage 011 of Staphylococcus aureus." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9633406.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed May 12, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Radheshyam K. Jayaswal (chair), Brian J. Wilkinson, Alan J. Katz, Herman E. Brockman, Anthony J. Otsuka. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-118) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Bonnet, Julie. "Rôles coopératifs du peptidoglycane et des acides téichoïques dans le remodelage de la paroi et la division cellulaire de Streptococcus pneumoniae." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV034/document.
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La paroi des bactéries à Gram positif se compose du peptidoglycane (PG) et des acides téichoïques (TA). Leur étude a révélé de nouveaux mécanismes de régulation chez le pathogène humain Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nous avons montré que la O-acétylation intervient précocement dans la biosynthèse du PG, participe à sa maturation et à la division cellulaire. Nous avons développé une approche innovante basée sur la chimie click pour le marquage in vivo des TAs, et révélé que leur synthèse est septale et corrélée à celle du PG. Le PG et les TAs contribuent aussi à réguler l'activité enzymatique de l'autolysine majeur du pneumocoque LytA: la O-acétylation du PG protège les cellules en division de l'autolyse par LytA et les TAs, sur lesquels elle se fixe, régulent sa localisation de surface. Pour conclure, ce travail souligne le rôle coopératif du PG et des TAs dans la synthèse de la paroi, la division cellulaire et la régulation de composants de la surface bactérienneGram-positive bacteria cell wall (CW) is composed by peptidoglycan (PG) and teichoic acids (TA). We studied both CW components and revealed new regulation mechanisms in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. We showed that PG O-acetylation occurs in the early steps of PG biosynthesis, promotes the formation of mature PG and plays a role in cell division. We developed an innovative click chemistry-based approach to label TA in live cells, opening the way to explore mechanistic issues of pneumococcal TA biosynthesis. We revealed that TA synthesis occurs at the division site and is correlated with PG synthesis. Finally, we showed that both PG and TA polymers contribute to regulate the major autolysin LytA which binds TA and cleaves the PG: the O-acetylation of PG protects dividing cells from LytA-induced autolysis while TA finely regulates LytA surface localization. In conclusion, our work highlights the cooperative role of PG and TA in CW biosynthesis, cell division and regulation of surface components
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Carvalho, Ricardo Jorge da Silva. "Revisiting molecular diagnostics of Streptococcus pneumoniae." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16115.
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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularStreptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathobiont that colonizes the nasopharynx. S. pneumoniae is responsible for causing non-invasive and invasive disease such as otitis, pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, being a leading cause of infectious diseases worldwide. Due to similarities with closely related species sharing the same niche, it may be a challenge to correctly distinguish S. pneumoniae from its relatives when using only non-culture based methods such as real time PCR (qPCR). In 2007, a molecular method targeting the major autolysin (lytA) of S. pneumoniae by a qPCR assay was proposed by Carvalho and collaborators to identify pneumococcus. Since then, this method has been widely used worldwide. In 2013, the gene encoding for the ABC iron transporter lipoprotein PiaA, was proposed by Trzcinzki and collaborators to be used in parallel with the lytA qPCR assay. However, the presence of lytA gene homologues has been described in closely related species such as S. pseudopneumoniae and S. mitis and the presence of piaA gene is not ubiquitous between S. pneumoniae. The hyaluronate lyase gene (hylA) has been described to be ubiquitous in S. pneumoniae. This gene has not been used so far as a target for the identification of S. pneumoniae. The aims of our study were to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, positive predicted value (PPV) and negative predicted value (NPV) of the lytA and piaA qPCR methods; design and implement a new assay targeting the hylA gene and evaluate the same parameters above described; analyze the assays independently and the possible combinations to access what is the best approach using qPCR to identify S. pneumoniae. A total of 278 previously characterized strains were tested: 61 S. pseudopneumoniae, 37 Viridans group strains, 30 type strains from other streptococcal species and 150 S. pneumoniae strains. The collection included both carriage and disease isolates. By Mulilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) we confirmed that strains of S. pseudopneumoniae could be misidentified as S. pneumoniae when lytA qPCR assay is used. The results showed that as a single target, lytA had the best combination of specificity, sensitivity, PPV and NPV being, 98.5%, 100.0%, 98.7% and 100.0% respectively. The combination of targets with the best values of specificity, sensibility, PPV and NPV were lytA and piaA, with 100.0%, 93.3%, 97.9% and 92.6%, respectively. Nonetheless by MLSA we confirmed that strains of S. pseudopneumoniae could be misidentified as S. pneumoniae and some capsulated (23F, 6B and 11A) and non-capsulated S. pneumoniae were not Identified using this assay. The hylA gene as a single target had the lowest PPV. Nonetheless it was capable to correctly identify all S. pneumoniae.
Streptococcus pneumoniae é uma bactéria patogénica que coloniza a nasofaringe humana. S. pneumoniae é responsável por causar doenças, tanto invasivas como não invasivas como: otite, pneumonia, meningite e sepsis, continuando a ser uma das principais causas de doenças infecciosas a nível mundial. Devido a semelhanças com espécies que lhe são estreitamente relacionadas, e que compartilham o mesmo nicho ecológico, pode ser um desafio identificar corretamente S. pneumoniae aplicando apenas técnicas não dependentes do passo de cultura bacteriana como a técnica de PCR em tempo real (qPCR). Em 2007, um método molecular para identificação de S. pneumoniae baseado num qPCR e tendo como alvo o gene da autolisina principal (lytA) de S. pneumoniae foi proposto por Carvalho e seus colaboradores. Desde então, este tem sido usado de uma forma sistemática por vários grupos. Em 2013, foi proposto por Trzcinszki e seus colaboradores o uso da lipoproteína ABC transportadora de ferro PiaA como alvo num qPCR. O piaA qPCR foi usado em paralelo com o lytA qPCR. Contudo, a presença de genes homólogos de lytA foi descrita em espécies filogeneticamente próximas, como S. pseudopneumoniae e S. mitis, e a presença do gene piaA não é ubíquo entre S. pneumoniae. O gene da proteína hyaluronato lyase (hylA) é descrito como sendo ubíquo a todas as estirpes de S. Pneumoniae. Este gene ainda não foi usado até ao momento como alvo para a identificação de S. pneumoniae. Assim o objectivo do nosso estudo foi a avaliação da especificidade, sensibilidade, valor positivo preditivo (VPP) e valor negativo preditivo (VNP) do método lytA e piaA qPCR; construção de hylA qPCR avaliando os mesmos parâmetros acima referidos; analise dos ensaios de uma forma independente e em conjunto, para poder retirar conclusões sobre qual o melhor gene alvo, ou alvos, a usar na identificação de S. pneumoniae. Foram testadas um total de 278 estirpes anteriormente caracterizadas: 61 S. pseudopneumoniae, 37 estirpes do grupo Viridans, 30 estirpes referência de outras espécies de Streptococcus e 150 estirpes de S. pneumoniae. A coleção usada incluía tanto estirpes obtidas em colonização como estirpes obtidas em doença. Através do método Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) verificámos que estirpes de S. pseudopneumoniae podem ser incorretamente identificadas como S. pneumoniae quando é utilizado o lytA qPCR. Ainda assim, os resultados mostraram que como alvo único, o gene lytA apresenta a melhor combinação de valores de especificidade, a sensibilidade, VPP e VNP sendo, respetivamente, 98.5%, 100.0%, 98.7% e 100.0%. A combinação de genes com a melhor combinação de valores de especificidade, sensibilidade, VPP e VNP foi lytA e piaA, com 100.0%, 93.3%, 97.9% e 92.6%, respetivamente. De realçar que pelo método MLSA verificámos que estirpes de S. pseudopneumoniae podem ser incorretamente identificadas como S. pneumoniae e algumas estirpes capsuladas (23F, 6B e 11A) e não-capsuladas de S. pneumoniae não são identificadas quando usada esta combinação de genes. O gene hylA como alvo único apresentou o valor de PPV mais baixo, todavia identificou corretamente todos os S. pneumoniae.
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Lagercrantz, Love. "Att lyfta ett monument." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280172.
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Namnet på pojektet är ”Att lyfta ett monument” och handlar om en ny tillbyggnad till Stockholms stadsbibliotek. Förslaget syftar till att utöka bibliotekets publika ytor och utrymmesmässigt fokus har varit basarerna från 1930 som vetter mot Sveavägen. Biblioteket är ett unikt kulturarv och troligtvis Sveriges kändaste byggnad utomlands. Att göra en ny tillbyggnad till ett sådant monument auktualiserar omdelebart en mängd frågor. Min frågeställning när jag satte igång berörde hur jag som arkitekt bör tänka då jag utformar ett tillägg i en historiskt känslig kontext. Vilka förhållningssätt är de mest lämpliga i en så pass laddad och världsunik miljö? Som arkitekt tycker jag att man alltid noggrant bör ta ställning till sin omgivning och relatera till den i sitt förslag. I detta projekt har jag fått möjligheten och utmaningen att öva mig i konsten att relatera i en kontext av exceptionellt stor vikt. Metoden som jag har arbetat fram kallar jag för Sampling. Målet vid utformningen av tillbyggnaden har varit att underordna sig huvudbyggnaden utan att hemfalla åt pastisch. Min tes är att jag kan tillåta mig själv rätt stor frihet, så länge som jag identifierar och återanvänder bärande motiv, material, rumsorganisation, färgscheman och liknande från biblioteket. På så sätt är målet att de två byggnaderna ska komma att harmoniera och, förhoppningsvis, även lyfta varandra.The name of the project is "Lifting a monument" and is about a new extension to Stockholm's city library. The proposal aims to expand the public areas of the library and the spatial focus has been the bazaars of 1930 facing Sveavägen. The library is a unique cultural heritage and probably Sweden's most famous building abroad. Making a new extension to such a monument instantly raises many issues. My question when I started was about how I as an architect should think when designing a supplement in a historically sensitive context. Which approaches are most appropriate in such a charged and world-unique environment? As an architect, I think that one should always carefully consider its surroundings and relate to it in its proposal. In this project I have been given the opportunity and challenge to practice the art of relating in a context of exceptional importance. The method I have worked out I call Sampling. The goal in designing the extension has been to submit to the main building without falling into the pastiche. My thesis is that I can allow myself quite a lot of freedom, as long as I identify and reuse the supporting motifs, materials, room organization, color schemes and the like from the library. In this way, the goal is that the two buildings will harmonize and, hopefully, also lift each other.
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LINDFORS, ANGELIKA, and MALIN NILSSON. "Lyfta Lätt Tekniskt hjälpmedel för pakethantering." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143613.
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People working with handling parcels in terminals are often victims of musculoskeletal injuries. This is largely due to the hazardous lifting of too many parcels which are too heavy and unsuitable work postures. The human body’s ability to lift and grasp objects is so outstanding that developing a device with the same capability is very difficult.The goal of the project has been to develop a technical device that will improve the handling of parcels with regard to ergonomics. The area of concern was the lifting of parcels between the conveyor belt and the cargo space of the freight car. However, after user studies the area of concern was limited to the handling of the parcels between the cage and the cargo space.The project was conducted in four successive phases. The first phase defined the problem and an extensive collection of information took place. A set of requirements was also defined in this first stage. The second phase started with generation of concepts and a large number of designs were produced. Through extensive screening of the designs, three concepts were considered to have adequate potential to be developed further. In the third phase these three concepts were evaluated and a final concept was determined; Lyfta Lätt. The fourth and final phase consisted of further development of the selected concept and an evaluation of its ergonomic improvement took place. A cost analysis regarding the product was also carried out in this final stage.Lyfta Lätt consists of a vacuum lifting device located on an arm that is jointed in two places. The arm is attached to a cart that is equipped with a retractable table. The concept results in an easier sorting process and fewer lifts below knee level compared with the handling of parcels today. Performed ergonomic studies suggest that the strain on the body is much lesser when using Lyfta Lätt. The cost analysis shows an estimated cost of 195 000 SEK à product or 147 000 SEK à product when mass producing 50 items.Arbete med pakethantering vid terminaler är yrken som ofta leder till arbetsskador. Detta beror till stor del på farliga lyft av för tunga och för många paket samt olämpliga arbets-ställningar. Människokroppens förmåga att greppa och lyfta föremål är så pass överlägsen att ett hjälpmedel som inte fördröjer arbetet är svårt att ta fram.Målet med projektet har varit att utveckla en teknisk lösning som förbättrar pakethanteringen med avseende på ergonomin. Problemområdet gällde lyft av paket mellan transportband och bil, men efter användarstudier begränsades området till pakethanteringen mellan bur och bil.Projektet utfördes i fyra efterföljande faser. I första fasen definierades själva problemet samt en omfattande informationsinsamling i form av litterära ergonomiska studier samt användarstudier genomfördes. Även en kravspecifikation definierades i denna fas. I den andra fasen påbörjades konceptgenereringen och ett stort antal konceptidéer framställdes. Genom en massiv gallring av dessa idéer valdes tre koncept som ansågs ha tillräcklig stor potential att gå vidare med. I den tredje fasen evaluerades dessa koncept för att slutligen komma fram till den definitiva konceptlösningen; Lyfta Lätt. Den fjärde och sista fasen bestod av vidareutveckling gällande konstruktion för det valda konceptet, samt en utvärdering angående dess ergonomiska förbättring. En kostnadsanalys gällande produkten utfördes även i denna fas.Lyfta Lätt består av en vakuumlyft placerad på en tvådelad arm, som är monterad på en vagn med ett utdragbart bord. Lösningen medför en enklare sortering samt färre antal lyft under knähöjd, jämfört med dagens pakethantering. Utförda studier tyder på att kroppsbelastningen är mycket mindre vid pakethanteringen vid användning av Lyfta Lätt. Den genomförda kostnadsanalysen visar att slutkonceptet kostar cirka 195 000 kr/st eller cirka 147 000 kr/st vid tillverkning av 50 st.
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Lopes, Antônio. "Teoria crítica em Roberto Lyra Filho." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/91035.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-graduação em DireitoMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T18:04:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 255521.pdf: 1473132 bytes, checksum: b4f2e426982fffad4c82ae46f3735082 (MD5)
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo verificar os pressupostos teórico-práticos de Roberto Lyra Filho para a construção de um paradigma político-epistêmico alternativo ao liberal-metafísico dominante. Tendo a sua temática circunscrita na Teoria Crítica, apresenta como problema a existência ou não de uma interferência do pensamento lyriano na formação da Teoria Crítica Jurídica. Usando o método hipotético-dedutivo, este trabalho discorrerá sobre o complexo processo político e científico de construção do conhecimento desde a Antiguidade, chegando a um grau de construção que, ultrapassando os esquemas fragmentados, ganha um sentido totalizante. Forma-se, assim, o paradigma que na modernidade leva a humanidade a grandes conquistas. Porém, atualmente, apresenta dificuldades em dar soluções a problemas que surgem, frutos da dogmatização de seus postulados e da desconexão com os amplos setores sociais, impedindo o seu retro alimentar. Diante desses fatos, o método metafísico perde espaço e o dialético avança principalmente por sua capacidade em captar os elementos sócio-epistêmicos no processo histórico, por reconhecer os elementos positivos e superar os decadentes, e pela capacidade de interrelacionar todos os fatores. Com este aparato conceitual, Lyra Filho se lança na construção do paradigma dialético social do direito que denuncia a crise do Capitalismo e do Socialismo Real que, ao se dogmatizarem, deixam de perceber a pluralidade política e epistemológica e acabam por servirem de instrumento ideológico das classes e grupos no poder; assim foi com o Jusnaturalismo, com o Juspositivismo e a "Teoria Crítica" no Socialismo Real. Necessita-se colocar o Direito onde ele é efetivamente gerado - na sociedade. Criador da Nova Escola Jurídica Brasileira, escola dedicada à reflexão teórica engajada, na qual o pluralismo é a essência da democracia; escola que acredita no homem que busca a libertação e, igualmente, instituição que entende o mundo em sua totalidade e movimento, por tudo isso, sua teoria é nominada Humanismo Dialético. Lira Filho evolui para Desordem e Processo em sua postulação final, pois tenta ressaltar o aspecto móvel e contraditório do processo de libertação humana, construindo a legalidade sobre a legitimidade coletiva na qual seja possível ampliar e revisitar os Direitos Humanos na ótica da libertação. Assim, propugna um ensino que não reproduza as técnicas jurídicas reduzidas à exegese dos textos legais, um Direito do Trabalho que não seja fruto das míseras concessões do Capital, um conceito de crime que ultrapasse o solipsismo de cada ciência e, por fim, uma ciência que supere o espírito dogmático, até com as fontes mais insuspeitas, como o fez com os textos marxianos. Roberto Lyra Filho fortalece o religar da filosofia com a ciência, tendo no processo histórico a busca da libertação coletiva e o respeito ao individual, cônscio de que política e episteme integram a mesma totalidade desvelada pela compreensão dialética entre teoria e práxis.
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Tsahourides, Matthaios. "The Pontic Lyra in Contemporary Greece." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506971.
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This thesis examines the performance techniques for playing the Politic l>>ra, a vertically-held bottle-shaped bowed lute which is the main instrument of the Poetic Greeks. The objectives of the research were to identify the ways in which the traditional performance techniques for the lyra have been extended in the past, especially in the work of Gogos Petrides, and to explore the possibilities of extending these further in order to enable the lyra player to effectively perform styles and repertoires from outside Greece, with particular reference to the music of Afghanistan. A detailed discussion of changes in performance practices required the use of a broad range of contextualising material, enabling the author to position his work in the context of modern Greece. The thesis begins with a historical overview and provides background information about the culture and history of the Pontic settlements on the Black Sea coast of what is modern Turkey, up to the population exchanges of 1922. It provides a detailed organological study of the instrument and looks into its history, concluding it has a European/Byzantine rather than a Middle Eastern origin. The author also discusses the traditional and the contemporary performance techniques of the Pontic lyra and describes his own experience as both performer and ethnographer during extended periods of fieldwork. The DVD and CD included in the thesis are of major importance as they provide a key role in demonstrating and illustrating the author's core research methods, findings and outcomes. The author's work was `mirrored' in an unassessed recital given at the end of the research. Chapter 1 provides a historical overview of the culture of the Pontic Greeks. Chapter 2 describes the morphology of the Pontic lyra and discusses its origins. Chapter 3 discusses the traditional and the contemporary performance techniques for the lyra; the author also describes his own learning experience within the context of a musical family. Chapter 4 considers three traditional genres of lyra music, the extended techniques attributed to Gogos Petrides, which have been further developed by the author. Chapter 5 recounts fieldwork carried out in Greece with six well-established Pontic musicians, who have much to say about the influence of Gogos Petrides. Chapter 6 explains how, through making a study of Afghan music as played on the dutar and rubab, the author has adapted pre-existing and devised new techniques for playing the Afghan repertoire on the Pontic lyra. Chapter 7 summarises the research carried out, while an Appendix describes the preparations made for the recital which is part of the examination process. This thesis is accompanied by a CD and a DVD illustrating aspects of the research.
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Karlsson, Svensson Sara. "Det handlar om att lyfta olikheter." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, Fritidshemspedagogisk forskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36564.
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Denna studie syftar till att ta reda på hur fritidslärare beskriver att de arbetar med inkludering av barn med ADHD, Aspergers syndrom och autism på fritidshemmet. Forskningsfrågorna fokuserar vilka strategier fritidslärare beskriver att de använder sig av för att inkludera dessa barn samt vad de beskriver hindrar och möjliggör inkluderingsarbetet. Studien har ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Metoden för studien är kvalitativ och sex fritidslärare har intervjuats. Resultatet som framkom i studien var att strategier som fritidslärare använder sig av är att arbeta på ett lösningsfokuserat och flexibelt sätt på fritidshemmet. Att använda sig av anpassningar som exempelvis bildscheman och timglas framkom i resultatet. Några av lärarna använde sig också av muntligt förbereda barnen. Relationskompetens var viktigt, att prata om olikheter är en viktig strategi där man jobbar med acceptans för olikheter. Det som hindrar och möjliggör inkluderingsarbetet beskrev fritidslärarna var personalens utbildning och kompetens kring ADHD, Aspergers syndrom och autism. Annat som studiens resultat visade var att lokaler, barngruppens storlek, skolans resurser och kontakten med föräldrar är viktiga hinder respektive möjligheter i arbetet med inkludering av barn med denna problematik.
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Otterstedt, Annette. "Die Englische Lyra-Viol : Instrument und Technik /." Kassel ; Basel ; London : Bärenreiter, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35073468z.
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Silva, Francisco Anderson Tavares de Lyra. "Augusto Tavares de Lyra em v?rios tons." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14496.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-28Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
El presente estudio tiene por objetivo, analizar las pr?cticas pol?ticas-intelectuales de Augusto Tavares de Lyra, perteneciente a una elite que gobern? el estado de R?o Grande del Norte de Brasil, durante los dos primeros decenios de la Rep?blica Vieja , de 1889 a 1918. El recorte temporal considerado tiene inicio al final del siglo XIX, en 1872, a?o de su nacimiento, hasta el a?o 1958, cuando falleci? a los casi ochenta y seis a?os de vida. Mientras tanto, analizaremos vivencias y pr?cticas de Tavares de Lyra como hombre p?blico a partir de los documentos investigados. Utilizamos como soporte principal art?culos, reportajes, discursos y libros escritos por sus contempor?neos. Observamos que las fuentes documentales, tales como mensajes, leyes y decretos gubernamentales, bibliograf?as sobre el per?odo evocado y el archivo del intelectual Tavares de Lyra. Entendemos que, aunque fuera un pol?tico de pr?cticas liberales y empe?ado en reformar el sistema educativo brasilero, ?l fue fruto de un instante de la pol?tica nacional, que privilegi? pocos n?cleos familiares en detrimento de la democracia descrita solamente en la ley, y que por eso, pose?a comprometimiento con las pr?cticas de la Primera Rep?blica. Su legado reside en una obra literaria ligada directamente al Instituto Hist?rico y Geogr?fico Brasileiro y a los estudios realizados, en cuanto jurista y economista, conocedor de los problemas que aflig?an Brasil en esa ?poca
O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar as pr?ticas pol?tico-intelectuais de Augusto Tavares de Lyra, pertencente a uma elite que governou o Rio Grande do Norte, durante os dois primeiros dec?nios da Rep?blica Velha de 1889 a 1918. O recorte temporal firmado tem in?cio no final do s?culo XIX, em 1872, ano de seu nascimento, at? o ano de 1958, quando faleceu aos oitenta e seis anos incompletos, no Rio de Janeiro. No entanto, analisaremos as viv?ncias e pr?ticas de Tavares de Lyra como homem p?blico a partir de documentos pesquisados. Utilizamos como principal suporte artigos, reportagens, discursos e livros escritos por seus contempor?neos. Observamos que as fontes documentais, tais como mensagens, leis e decretos governamentais, bibliografias acerca do per?odo evocado e o arquivo do intelectual Tavares de Lyra. Entendemos que embora pol?tico de pr?ticas liberais e empenhado em reformar o sistema educacional brasileiro, ele foi fruto de um instante da pol?tica nacional que privilegiou poucos n?cleos familiares em detrimento da democracia descrita somente na lei e que, por isso, possu?a comprometimentos com as pr?ticas da Primeira Rep?blica. Seu legado reside em uma obra liter?ria ligada diretamente ao Instituto Hist?rico e Geogr?fico Brasileiro e aos estudos realizados, enquanto jurista e economista, conhecedor dos problemas que afligiam o Brasil da ?poca
Books on the topic "LytA"
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Williams, Katie (Katie J.), ill, ed. Lyla Lyte and the Li'berry Fruit. Chicago: Climbing Clouds, 2012.
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Merlo, Luis Martínez de. Orphenica Lyra. Alcalá de Henares: Fundación Colegio del Rey, 1985.
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Michaelides, Vassilis. Hē asthenēs lyra: Kai hē allē lyra. Leukōsia: Ekdoseis Aigaion, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "LytA"
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Gilmour, Jess K. "Lyra." In The Practical Astronomer’s Deep-sky Companion, 79–80. London: Springer London, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0071-3_27.
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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Lytta." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1506. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_4833.
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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Lytta." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_4833-1.
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Mertin, Ray-Güde. "Luft, Lya." In Metzler Autorinnen Lexikon, 318–19. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03702-2_223.
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Bartel, Daniela. "Luft, Lya." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_12934-1.
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Bartel, Daniela. "Luft, Lya: Exilio." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_12937-1.
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Brusò, Mayla, and Agostino Cortesi. "Non-repudiation Analysis with LySa." In Emerging Challenges for Security, Privacy and Trust, 318–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01244-0_28.
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Bartel, Daniela. "Luft, Lya: As parceiras." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_12935-1.
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Buchholtz, Mikael, Carlo Montangero, Lara Perrone, and Simone Semprini. "For-LySa: UML for Authentication Analysis." In Global Computing, 93–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31794-4_6.
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Davis, James W., Dana Forman, La Scienya M. Jackson, James W. Davis, Javier Garau, David N. O’Dwyer, Elisa Vedes, et al. "Lyssa/Lytta (Greek, Spirit of Rage)." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1349. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_1861.
Full textConference papers on the topic "LytA"
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Paternotte, Nienke, Bart Kamies, W. G. Boersma, and W. A. Van Der Reijden. "Adjusted lytA qPCR for improved detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4550.
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Auda, Jonas, Matthias Hoppe, Orkhan Amiraslanov, Bo Zhou, Pascal Knierim, Stefan Schneegass, Albrecht Schmidt, and Paul Lukowicz. "LYRA." In UbiComp '18: The 2018 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3267242.3267282.
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Gao, Jiaqi, Ennan Zhai, Hongqiang Harry Liu, Rui Miao, Yu Zhou, Bingchuan Tian, Chen Sun, Dennis Cai, Ming Zhang, and Minlan Yu. "Lyra." In SIGCOMM '20: Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3387514.3405879.
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Cotta, Wagner Augusto Aranda, Flávio Machado, Raquel Frizera Vassallo, Alexandre Pereira do Carmo, Anilton Salles Garcia, and Nedinalva de Araujo Sellin. "MobiLysa - Sistema de localização e controle do cão-guia robô Lysa para ambientes internos baseado em visão computacional." In XXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2019.8155.
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Lysa is a guide-robot whose goal is to assist people with visual impairment, improving their autonomy and mobility. Lysa is able to detect potholes, ground obstacles and risks of collision with high objects, warning the user of such dangers by voice. However Lysa is still unable to guide a person to a place within an environment. Therefore, the aim of this project will be to develop MobiLysa: a service to perform localization, navigation and control of the robot Lysa so it can guide a person to a desired location inside a building. That will be done using an Intelligent Space based on computer vision. The user will be able to indicate the desired destination, either by voice or other form of interaction, and be guided to the place independently and safely.
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Howard W Beck. "Lyra Virtual World Environment (Lyra VWE): Educational Applications in Agriculture and Natural Resources." In 7th World Congress on Computers in Agriculture Conference Proceedings, 22-24 June 2009, Reno, Nevada. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29043.
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Choi, Da Hyeon. "LYRA: an Interactive and Interactive Storyteller." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cse/euc.2019.00037.
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Linchun Zhang. "Fundamental mechanical properties of Lytag concrete." In 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmt.2011.6002898.
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Gustafsson, Agnes, and Matilda Lundén. "Diginär: Digital exkludering av äldre." In SLM ONLINE: Projektarbeten från kandidatprogrammet Språk, litteratur och medier. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc28/diginar.
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Om oss Vi som driver diginär heter Agnes Gustafsson och Matilda Lundén och vi är två studenter på Linköpings universitet som läser sista terminen på kandidatprogrammet “Språk, litteratur och medier”. Diginär är resultatet av ett projekt där vi fick i uppgift att lyfta ett aktuellt ämne i dagens samhälle. Som vi nämnt i några av våra texter så känner vi att detta är ett problem som är svårt för de berörda att lyfta så de själva inte rör sig på de plattformar där problemet bör diskuteras. Då vi båda har äldre personer i vår närhet som upplever digital exkludering kände vi att det var ett ämne vi vill lyfta för att hjälpa våra mor- och farföräldrar, och alla andra som riskerar att hamna utanför i samhället. Med våra texter vill vi informera och upplysa allmänheten om detta samhällsproblem så att alla får samma förutsättningar för att utföra vardagliga sysslor i vårt samhälle! Vill du veta mer om digital exkludering? Läs gärna våra texter och se vår film, eller varför inte slänga iväg en kommentar så att vi kan skapa en diskussion? Glada hälsningar, Agnes och Matilda
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ACOSTA, B., and L. DEBARBERIS. "LYRA IRRADIATION EXPERIMENTS: NEUTRON METROLOGY AND DOSIMETRY." In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814271110_0073.
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Han Gao and H. R. Nielson. "Analysis of LYSA-calculus with explicit confidentiality annotations." In 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Volume 1 (AINA'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aina.2006.100.
Full textReports on the topic "LytA"
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Ivanyshyn, Petro. BASIC CONCEPTS OF YEVHEN MALANIUK’S NATIONAL-PHILOSOPHICAL INTERPRETATION: ESEISTIC DISCOURSE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11070.
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The purpose of the research is to outline the structure of the main methodological ideas within the frames of interpretive thinking in the essay of the famous Vistnyk’s writer, critic and essayist Yevhen Malaniuk. Considering the purpose and tasks of the studio, an interdisciplinary methodological base, related to the author’s “national approach”, has been worked out. The epistemological potential of national philosophy as a philosophy of national existence, national science as a theory of nation, hermeneutics as a theory and practice of interpretation and post-colonialism as interpretation of cultural phenomena from the standpoint of anti- and post-imperial consciousness are used in the work. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the previous hermeneutic generalization and definition of national-existential methodology, a propaedeutic outlining of the structure of national-philosophical concepts within the frames of the essayistic interpretation of reality in Ye. Malaniuk is proposed. In the methodological sense, the writer’s essayism is structured by such concepts as nation-centrism, idealism, voluntarism, heroism, and can be considered as one of the variants (close by the experiences of D. Dontsov, Yu. Lypa, M. Mukhyn, etc.) of the Vistnyk’s national-philosophical (national-existential, nationalistic or nation-centric) hermeneutics, that is, the way of understanding, which the author by himself outlined as a “national approach”. The support of Ye. Malaniuk as a culture-philosopher and exegete on the eternal nation-centric values and criteria in his essayistic studies makes his reflections not only historically interesting, but also theoretically productive, classically important for the development of modern Ukrainian hermeneutics and humanities in general.
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Pickard, Justin, Shilpi Srivastava, Mihir R. Bhatt, and Lyla Mehta. SSHAP In-Focus: COVID-19, Uncertainty, Vulnerability and Recovery in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.011.
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This paper addresses COVID-19 in India, looking at how the interplay of inequality, vulnerability, and the pandemic has compounded uncertainties for poor and marginalised groups, leading to insecurity, stigma and a severe loss of livelihoods. A strict government lockdown destroyed the incomes of farmers and urban informal workers and triggered an exodus of migrant workers from Indian cities, a mass movement which placed additional pressures on the country's rural communities. Elsewhere in the country, lockdown restrictions and pandemic response have coincided with heatwaves, floods and cyclones, impeding disaster response and relief. At the same time, the pandemic has been politicised to target minority groups (such as Muslims, Dalits), suppress dissent, and undermine constitutional values. The paper focuses on how COVID-19 has intersected with and multiplied existing uncertainties faced by different vulnerable groups and communities in India who have remained largely invisible in India's development story. With the biggest challenge for government now being to mitigate the further fall of millions of people into extreme poverty, the brief also reflects on pathways for recovery and transformation, including opportunities for rural revival, inclusive welfare, and community response. This brief is based on a review of existing published and grey literature, and 23 interviews with experts and practitioners from 12 states in India, including representation from domestic and international NGOs, and local civil society organisations. It was developed for the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) by Justin Pickard, Shilpi Srivastava, Lyla Mehta (IDS), and Mihir R. Bhatt. Some of the cases draw on ongoing research of the TAPESTRY project, which explores bottom-up transformations in marginal environments across India and Bangladesh.
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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations: India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave: Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.
Full textAbstract:
Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.