Academic literature on the topic 'M Music : QP Physiology'

We investigated the effects of listening to medium-to-fast tempo asynchronous music on performance, heart rate (HR), perceived exertion, and affect during an acute bout of swimming at a self-selected pace. Healthy college-aged recreational swimmers (n=20; Mage=20.3±2.0 years) were studied on two occasions in randomised order: swimming 1,200 m while listening to music (125-140 beats per minute) or during a no-music control trial. Following a period of habituation to the SwiMP3 audio player, HR, rating of perceived exertion, feeling scale responses and performance time trials were assessed for each 200 m during the 1,200 m freestyle swimming trial, each interspersed with a one min rest period. Participants swam significantly faster during the asynchronous music condition relative to control (P<0.01, η2p=0.32). Although music had no significant influence on perceived exertion, the music condition was associated with more favourable arousal (P<0.01, η2p=0.40) and affective (P<0.05, η2p=0.19) responses. These findings suggest that both recreational and competitive swimmers may benefit from the use of underwater MP3 players and music.

The decrease in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and number of hippocampal neurons are two indicators in the decrease of memory function, cognitive, and learning function. The present study aimed to determine BDNF expression and the number of hippocampal neurons on moderate and high intensity exercise by listening to music. Design of the present study was a randomised control group post-test only design. A total of 33 male rats, Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar, aged eight weeks, with body weight 160±20 g were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 (G1) (n=11, control group without intervention), Group 2 (G2) (n=11, performed moderate intensity exercise, treadmill 14-16 m/min for 30 min by listening to pop music with fast tempo of 160 beats/min) and Group 3 (G3) (n=11, high intensity exercise, treadmill 22-25 m/min for 20 min by listening to pop music with fast tempo of 160 beats/min). The intervention was performed between 17:00-21:00 pm, three times per week for 12 weeks. Blood and brain samples were obtained and evaluated 12 h after the end of the last exercise. BDNF serum was measured using ELISA and hippocampal neurons were stained by haematoxylin-eosin and counted using OlyVIA software. Study results showed a BDNF for G1 of 1,098.14±135.31 pg/ml, G2 of 1,113.72±65.87 pg/ml, and G3 of 1,331.56±105.35 pg/ml (P=0.001). The total number of hippocampal neurons for G1 was 54.75±6.83 cells, for G2 59.87±7.68 cells, and G3 80.58±9.79 cells (P=0.001). According to the study it can be concluded that high intensity exercise combined by listening to music with a fast tempo of 160 beats/min increases BDNF expression and the number of hippocampal neurons.

Evaluation of the correlation among the activities of various organs is an important research area in physiology. In this paper, we analyzed the correlation between the brain and skin reactions in response to various auditory stimuli. We played three different music (relaxing, pop, and rock music) to eleven subjects (4 M and 7 F, 18–22 years old) and accordingly analyzed the changes in the complexity of Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signals by calculating their fractal exponent and sample entropy. A strong correlation was observed among the alterations of the complexity of GSR and EEG signals in the case of fractal dimension ([Formula: see text]) and also sample entropy ([Formula: see text]), which indicates the correlation between the activities of skin and brain. This analysis method could be further applied to investigate the correlation among the activities of the brain and other organs of the human body.

A set of left frontal, temporal, and parietal brain regions respond robustly during language comprehension and production (e.g., Fedorenko E, Hsieh PJ, Nieto-Castañón A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Kanwisher N. J Neurophysiol 104: 1177–1194, 2010; Menenti L, Gierhan SM, Segaert K, Hagoort P. Psychol Sci 22: 1173–1182, 2011). These regions have been further shown to be selective for language relative to other cognitive processes, including arithmetic, aspects of executive function, and music perception (e.g., Fedorenko E, Behr MK, Kanwisher N. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 16428–16433, 2011; Monti MM, Osherson DN. Brain Res 1428: 33–42, 2012). However, one claim about overlap between language and nonlinguistic cognition remains prominent. In particular, some have argued that language processing shares computational demands with action observation and/or execution (e.g., Rizzolatti G, Arbib MA. Trends Neurosci 21: 188–194, 1998; Koechlin E, Jubault T. Neuron 50: 963–974, 2006; Tettamanti M, Weniger D. Cortex 42: 491–494, 2006). However, the evidence for these claims is indirect, based on observing activation for language and action tasks within the same broad anatomical areas (e.g., on the lateral surface of the left frontal lobe). To test whether language indeed shares machinery with action observation/execution, we examined the responses of language brain regions, defined functionally in each individual participant (Fedorenko E, Hsieh PJ, Nieto-Castañón A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Kanwisher N. J Neurophysiol 104: 1177–1194, 2010) to action observation ( experiments 1, 2, and 3a) and action imitation ( experiment 3b). With the exception of the language region in the angular gyrus, all language regions, including those in the inferior frontal gyrus (within “Broca’s area”), showed little or no response during action observation/imitation. These results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that high-level language regions are highly selective for language processing (see Fedorenko E, Varley R. Ann NY Acad Sci 1369: 132–153, 2016 for a review). NEW & NOTEWORTHY Many have argued for overlap in the machinery used to interpret language and others’ actions, either because action observation was a precursor to linguistic communication or because both require interpreting hierarchically-structured stimuli. However, existing evidence is indirect, relying on group analyses or reverse inference. We examined responses to action observation in language regions defined functionally in individual participants and found no response. Thus language comprehension and action observation recruit distinct circuits in the modern brain.

Introduction: Systemic cardiac output (Qs) and pulmonary blood flow (Qp) can be measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and invasive oximetry, with studies showing good agreement between the two modalities. CMR-guided right heart catheterization (MR-RHC) collects simultaneous CMR and oximetry measurements permitting direct comparison. This study assessed agreement between CMR and Fick measurements of cardiac output in the pediatric heart transplant (HT) population. Methods: Twenty-three pediatric HT patients (body surface area range 0.6-2 m 2 ) with 53 MR-RHC between 2014 -2020 were reviewed. One outlier was excluded due to erroneous pulmonary vein saturation, leaving 52 MR-RHC for analysis. Measurements of un-indexed Qs and Qp from both CMR phase contrast and invasive oximetry using Fick were collected. Bland-Altman (BA) statistical and graphical analyses compared CMR versus Fick estimates of Qs and Qp. Results: BA limits of agreement (LOA) and corresponding concordance plot demonstrate good agreement between CMR and Fick (Figure 1). Panels A and B are the BA and concordance plots for Qs, respectively. Panels C and D are the BA and concordance plots for Qp, respectively. The 95% confidence interval LOA are -1.0 to +1.8 for Qs and -1.0 to +1.7 for Qp. Average bias and Lin correlation are similar for Qs and Qp at +0.36 L/min and 0.8, respectively. Conclusions: CMR and Fick measurements of Qs and Qp are similar in pediatric HT patients, with a tendency for slightly higher values by Fick estimates and similar LOA to previously published results. CMR acquired hemodynamics offer a radiation-free modality to reduce overall radiation exposure for pediatric HT patients.

Background: The condition of pulmonary vasculature is a key to determine the outcome of Fontan candidates. The previous reports described no significant growth of pulmonary arteries (PA) after having bi-directional Glenn shunt (BDG), which may influence peri- and post-operative management of Fontan procedure. Aim: We hypothesized the pulmonary vasodilators (PVDs) facilitate to grow small PA even after BDG in Fontan Candidates. Method: The twenty-one cases after BDG, whose PA index (Nakata index) were less than 140 mm 2 /m 2 , were enrolled. The enrolled cases were divided into two group: 15 with PVDs treatment ( PV+) and 6 without (PV-). PVDs used in this study were PDE5 inhibitor, Endothelin-receptor-blocker, oral prostacyclines , and their combination. In addition to measure the hemodynamic parameters ( mean PA pressure(mPAp), indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp), Pulmonary flow (Qp) ), PA index and PA branch index ( a sum of cross-sectional area of first PA branches at both side indexed by body surface area) were measured and compared at the timing of after BDG and at after Fontan completion, respectively. Result: PA index and PA branch index after BDG of (PV+) and (PV-)were 104±33 vs 104±17 mm 2 /m 2 : 151±33 vs 194±45 mm 2 /m 2 . PA index in both groups after Fontan procedure was increased up to 153±42 vs 152±56 mm 2 /m 2 in same fashion, while PA branch index of (PV+) was significantly increased up to 199±60 than that of (PV-) 226±65 mm 2 /m 2 (% increase was 131% vs 116%). Rp and mPAp in both groups were not changed , while Qp in (PV+) was significantly more increased (140%) than that in (PV-)(107%). In conclusion, PVDs facilitates the growth of PA branches by increasing Qp, which brings a favor outcome of Fontan patients.

The objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of phenotypic parameters such as physiology, yield, and fruit quality responses of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to various light intensity conditions (VLICs), and to determine the correlations among these phenotypic parameters. Strawberry plants were cultivated in a smart greenhouse separated into four areas, three of which were completely shaded by curtains from 20:00 until 10:00 (3 hS), 12:00 (5 hS), and 14:00 (7 hS), respectively. The fourth area was a non-shaded control treatment (0 hS). The ambient light intensities during the experimental period for the 0, 3, 5, and 7 hS treatments were 1,285, 1,139, 770, and 364 mol⋅m–2, respectively. Strawberry plants grown under low light intensity conditions experienced decreases in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and sugar accumulation compared to the 0 hS. Petiole generation and fruit yield were also sharply decreased in proportion to the degree of decrease in light intensity. In contrast, photosynthetic pigment content was shown to increase under low light conditions. Organic acid contents (excluding acetic acid) and leaflet size did not change significantly under low light conditions compared to the 0 hS. Changes to light intensity are considered to induce changes to the phenotypic characteristics of strawberry plants to favor growth using the energy and carbon skeletons obtained through respiration and photosynthesis. In the 7 hS treatment, where light intensity was drastically reduced, NPQ, qP, and RFd values as chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were significantly lowered, which could indicate their measurement as an important technique to check the stress response of plants grown in low light conditions.

Abstract Objective. This work sought to determine the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program on the occupational stress of nurses.Methods. Prevention-type controlled clinical trial carried out with the participation of 60 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Randomly, the nurses were assigned to the experimental group or to the control group. The intervention consisted in an aerobic exercise program lasting three months with three weekly sessions one hour each. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire measured occupational stress with 35 questions, each with five Likert-type response options, which can have a maximum score of 175 points; higher scores meant lower levels of occupational stress. The HSE was evaluated during three moments: upon registering, after finishing the exercise program (week 8), and two months after terminating the intervention (week 16).Results. The level of occupational stress was the same in the experimental and control groups during registration (86.2 vs. 86.3). Upon finishing the aerobic exercise program (week 8), the experimental group showed a higher score than the control group (119.7 vs. 86.2, p<0.01), with this score diminishing after two months of having ended the intervention (91.4 vs. 85.8, p=0.061).Conclusion. The aerobic exercise program was associated to decreased work stress of nurses in the experimental group compared to the control group at eight weeks, but this difference did not persist when the experimental group did not continue with the program.Descriptors: control groups; physical exertion; occupational stress; nurses; female.How to cite this article: Zinat Mohebbi Z, Dehkordi SF, Sharif S, Banitalebi E. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Occupational Stress of Female Nurses: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(2):e05.ReferencesRice PL. Stress and health. 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