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Journal articles on the topic 'M1 and M2 phases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Bernabei, Marco, Raúl Pérez-Soto, Ismael Gómez García, and Maciej Haranczyk. "Towards stable porous crystalline phases of molecular belts." CrystEngComm 19, no. 46 (2017): 6932–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce01679d.

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Landis, Robert Clive, Kim R. Quimby, and Andre R. Greenidge. "M1/M2 Macrophages in Diabetic Nephropathy: Nrf2/HO-1 as Therapeutic Targets." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 20 (2018): 2241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180716163845.

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The process of inflammation is orchestrated by macrophages, according to their state of differentiation: thus, classically activated (M1) macrophages initiate the process by elaborating proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, whereas the latter phase is controlled by alternatively activated macrophages (M2) to resolve inflammation and promote tissue remodelling with the release of growth factors. In a simple human inflammatory response, such as acute crystal arthropathy, macrophages progress linearly through M1 and M2 phases; however, in chronic inflammatory responses, such as a

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3

Lu, Ping, Jiadong Zhou, Xinling Liu, et al. "Characterization of phase-transition-induced micro-domain structures in vanadium dioxide." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 2 (2014): 732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714002854.

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The displacive structural phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) from the high-temperature tetragonal rutile (R) phase to the low-temperature monoclinic M1 or M2 phase may induce the formation of a variety of domain structures. Here, all possible types of phase-transition-induced domain structures of the M1 and M2 phases have been theoretically formulated by using a general space group method. The predicted domain structures of the M1 phase, including mirror or rotation twins and antiphase domains, have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy observation of VO2powders and films,

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Beyer, Sebastian, Maria Koch, Yie Lee, Friedrich Jung, and Anna Blocki. "An In Vitro Model of Angiogenesis during Wound Healing Provides Insights into the Complex Role of Cells and Factors in the Inflammatory and Proliferation Phase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102913.

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Successful vascularization is essential in wound healing, the histo-integration of biomaterials, and other aspects of regenerative medicine. We developed a functional in vitro assay to dissect the complex processes directing angiogenesis during wound healing, whereby vascular cell spheroids were induced to sprout in the presence of classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. This simulated a microenvironment, in which sprouting cells were exposed to the inflammatory or proliferation phases of wound healing, respectively. We showed that M1 macrophages induced single-cell migra

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OBARA, MIDORI, and ZHI-ZHONG XING. "GENERALIZED FUKUGITA–TANIMOTO–YANAGIDA NEUTRINO MASS ANSATZ." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 05 (2007): 1405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307006769.

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We generalize the Fukugita–Tanimoto–Yanagida ansatz by allowing the masses of three heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos, Mi (i = 1,2,3), to be partially non-degenerate and search for the parameter space which can be consistent with the current neutrino oscillation data, for three non-degenerate mass cases (A) M3 = M2 ≠ M1, (B) M2 = M1 ≠ M3 and (C) M1 = M3 ≠ M2. We also examine the effect of the deviation from the complete mass degeneracy in each case. Finally, we obtain the numerical constraints on three light neutrino masses, three neutrino mixing angles and three CP-violating phases, toget

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Van Ginderachter, Jo A., Kiavash Movahedi, Jan Van den Bossche, and Patrick De Baetselier. "Macrophages, PPARs, and Cancer." PPAR Research 2008 (2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/169414.

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Mononuclear phagocytes often function as control switches of the immune system, securing the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions. For this purpose and depending on the activating stimuli, these cells can develop into different subsets: proinflammatory classically activated (M1) or anti-inflammatory alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. The expression of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) is regulated by M1- or M2-inducing stimuli, and these receptors are generally considered to counteract inflammatory M1 macrophages, while actively promoting M2

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Schnellhardt, Sören, Ramona Erber, Maike Büttner-Herold, et al. "Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation: Macrophage Polarisation Shift Classification Identifies High-Risk Tumours in Early Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer." Cancers 12, no. 2 (2020): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020446.

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Studies have demonstrated correlations between accumulations of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), especially of M2-like phenotype, and increased mortality in advanced breast cancer. We investigated the prognostic potential of both main macrophage phenotypes in early hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. The studied cohort of 136 patients participated in an institutional APBI phase II trial. Patient selection was characterized by HR+, small tumour size and no metastasis. Tissue microarrays from pre-RT resection samples were double stained for CD68/CD163 using immunohistochemistry.

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8

GÖREN, SEZER. "OPTIMIZATION OF EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS BASED ON REDUNDANT TRANSITION REMOVAL AND FAULT SIMULATION USING K-WISE TESTS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 18, no. 04 (2009): 647–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126609005174.

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This paper presents an efficient redundancy removal technique for hierarchical optimization of FSM networks. In this technique, we first remove redundant transitions from the state transition graph (STG) of the driven FSM, M2, of the cascaded network by applying a reachability analysis to the composite machine, M1 → M2, once and for all. Then, a k-wise complete test suite for M2 is generated from the new STG of the driven FSM. Redundancy identification consists of two phases. In the first phase, almost all of the detectable stuck-at faults are identified by fault simulation using the k-wise te

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Aatiq, Abderrahim. "Synthesis and structural characterization of ASnFe(PO4)3 (A=Na2,Ca,Cd) phosphates with the Nasicon type structure." Powder Diffraction 19, no. 3 (2004): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1725232.

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The crystal structures of ASnFe(PO4)3 (A=Na2, Ca, Cd) phases, obtained by conventional solid state reaction techniques at (950–1000 °C), were determined at room temperature from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) using Rietveld analysis. The three materials exhibit the Nasicon-type structure (R3c space group, Z=6) with a random distribution of Sn(Fe) within the framework. Hexagonal cell parameters when A=Na2, Ca and Cd are: a=8.628(1) Å, c=22.151(2) Å; a=8.569(1) Å, c=22.037(2) Å and a=8.587(1) Å, c=21.653(2) Å, respectively. Structural refinements show a partial occupancy of M1 (Na(1)) and M2 (Na

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10

Hsieh, Dennis P. H., Linda M. Beltran, Mark Y. Fukayama, David W. Rice, and Jeffrey J. Wong. "Production and Isolation of Aflatoxin M1 for Toxicological Studies." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 3 (1986): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.3.510.

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Abstract One hundred mg aflatoxin Mi was produced and purified for toxicological studies. Aspergillus flams NRRL 3251 was cultured on rice to produce aflatoxins B1, B2, M1, and M2. B1 and B2 were separated from M1 and M2 by a normal phase low pressure liquid chromatography (LC) column. M1 was then separated from M2 by a reverse phase low pressure LC column. Recoveries of aflatoxins from the LC columns were about 90%. The purified M1 was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, optical rotation, and its mutagenicity to Salmonella

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11

OHTA, KAZUCHIKA, MASAHIRO ANDO, and IWAO YAMAMOTO. "Discotic Liquid Crystals of Transition metal Complexes 23: Synthesis and Mesomorphism of Tetrakis(3,4-di-n-alkylphenyl)porphyrin Derivatives and Their Metal Complexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 03, no. 04 (1999): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199904)3:4<249::aid-jpp129>3.0.co;2-i.

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Five novel long-chain-substituted porphyrin derivatives, tetrakis(3,4-dialkylphenyl)porphyrins (abbreviated as (Cn)8 TPPH 2 (n = 8, 12, 18), ( C 18)8 TPPCu and ( C 18)8 TPPNi ), were synthesized and their mesomorphism was investigated. It was found that the (Cn)8 TPPH 2 (n = 8, 12), derivatives are isotropic liquids at room temperature and that each of the ( C 18)8 TPPM ( M ≡ H 2, Cu , Ni ) derivatives has two liquid crystal phases M1 and M2 and two unidentified phases X1 and X2. It was revealed by X-ray studies that the M2 phase is a discotic lamellar (DL) phase. Interestingly, these porphyri

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12

Huang, Xiaofang, Huiqing Xiu, Shufang Zhang, and Gensheng Zhang. "The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS." Mediators of Inflammation 2018 (May 13, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1264913.

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Despite development in the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the underlying mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Apart from leukocytes and endothelial cells, macrophages are also essential for the process of the inflammatory response in ALI/ARDS. Notably, macrophages play a dual role of proinflammation and anti-inflammation based on the microenvironment in different pathological stages. In the acute phase of ALI/ARDS, resident alveolar macrophages, typically expressing the alternatively activated phenotype (M2), shift in

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13

Briggs, William, and C. T. Foster. "Pressure–temperature conditions of Early Proterozoic metamorphism during the Trans-Hudson Orogen as determined from rocks straddling the Flin Flon – Kisseynew boundary at Niblock and File lakes, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 11 (1992): 2497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-196.

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The Niblock Lake and File Lake areas straddle the boundary between the Kisseynew gneiss belt and the Flin Flon belt, near the town of Snow Lake, Manitoba. The region contains pelitic schists metamorphosed to lower to middle almandine–amphibolite facies. Metamorphic conditions were studied by examining relative timing of growth of metamorphic minerals by geothermobarometry of selected samples. Calculated temperatures and pressures are compared with those estimated from mineral assemblages and reactions on a petrogenetic grid.Two metamorphic (M1 and M2) and deformation (D1 and D2) phases have be

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14

Oliveira, Cleiton da Silva, Bruna Teles Soares Beserra, Raphael Salles Granato Cunha, et al. "Impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on lipid and inflammatory profiles." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 42, no. 5 (2015): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912015005007.

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Objective: To evaluate the behavior of acute phase proteins and lipid profile in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods : We conducted a prospective study, consisting of three moments: M1 - preoperative (24 hours before surgery); M2 - 30 days after surgery; and M3 - 180 days after surgery. We carried measured height and BMI, as well as determined the concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein) and total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c and triacylglycerol. Results : participants comprised 25 individuals, with a mean age of 39

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15

HABA, NAOYUKI, та TOMOHARU SUZUKI. "THE NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE β DECAY AND THE NEUTRINO MASS HIERARCHY". Modern Physics Letters A 17, № 14 (2002): 865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302007156.

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Recently the evidence of the neutrinoless double β (0νββ) decay has been announced. This means that neutrinos are Majorana particles and their mass hierarchy is forced to certain patterns in the diagonal basis of charged lepton mass matrix. We estimate the magnitude of 0νββ decay in the classification of the neutrino mass hierarchy patterns as Type A, m1,2 ≪ m3, Type B, m1 ~ m2 ≫ m3, and Type C, m1 ~ m2 ~ m3, where mi is the ith generation neutrino absolute mass. The data of 0νββ decay experiment suggest that the neutrino mass hierarchy pattern should be Type B or C. Type B predicts a small ma

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16

GORDON, R. A., Y. IJIRI, C. M. SPENCER, and F. J. DISALVO. "ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Several Ce2M1 2M2 Phases with M1: Ni, Pd and M2: In, Sn, Pb." ChemInform 26, no. 44 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199544007.

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17

Tselev, A., I. A. Luk’yanchuk, I. N. Ivanov, et al. "Symmetry Relationship and Strain-Induced Transitions between Insulating M1 and M2 and Metallic R phases of Vanadium Dioxide." Nano Letters 10, no. 11 (2010): 4409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl1020443.

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18

Grasselli, Robert K., Claus G. Lugmair, and Anthony F. Volpe. "Doping of MoVNbTeO (M1) and MoVTeO (M2) Phases for Selective Oxidation of Propane and Propylene to Acrylic Acid." Topics in Catalysis 50, no. 1-4 (2008): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-008-9097-9.

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19

Gulay, Nataliya L., Jutta Kösters, Yaroslav M. Kalychak, and Rainer Pöttgen. "The scandium-rich indide Sc50Pt13.47In2.53." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 75, no. 6-7 (2020): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2020-0048.

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AbstractThe scandium-rich indide Sc50Pt13.47In2.53 was obtained by induction melting of the elements and subsequent annealing. The structure of Sc50Pt13.47In2.53 has been refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Fm$\overline{3}$, a = 1774.61(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0443, 1047 F2 values and 35 variables. Sc50Pt13.47In2.53 is isopointal with the intermetallic phases Sc50Co12.5In3.5, Sc50Rh13.3In2.7, Sc50Ir13.6In2.4, Ag7+xMg26−x and Ga4.55Mg21.85Pd6.6 (Pearson code cF264 and Wyckoff sequence ih2fecba). Two of the eight crystallographic sites in the structure show mixed occupancies: M1 (≡Pt20

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20

Chen, Peiming, Xiaoping Zhang, Alessandro Venosa, et al. "A Novel Bivalent Mannosylated Targeting Ligand Displayed on Nanoparticles Selectively Targets Anti-Inflammatory M2 Macrophages." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 3 (2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12030243.

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Persistent activation of macrophages (MP)s into a proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype plays a role in several pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, infections, atherosclerosis and tumor development. The mannose receptor (MR, CD206), expressed at low levels on resting MPs and absent on M1 MPs, is highly expressed on M2 MPs, making it a potential target and drug delivery portal. Recently, we developed a novel, highly selective MR targeting ligand (MRTL), consisting of two mannose molecules separated by a monodisperse 12 unit poly(ethylene glycol) link

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Prakash, D., DK Patel, MK Yadav, et al. "Prograde polyphase regional metamorphism of pelitic rocks, NW of Jamshedpur, eastern India: constraints from textural relationship, pseudosection modelling and geothermobarometry." Geological Magazine 157, no. 7 (2019): 1045–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819001171.

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AbstractThe study area belongs to the Singhbhum metamorphic belt of Jharkhand, situated in the eastern part of India. The spatial distribution of the index minerals in the pelitic schists of the area shows Barrovian type of metamorphism. Three isograds, viz. garnet, staurolite and sillimanite, have been delineated and the textural study of the schists has revealed a time relation between crystallization and deformation. Series of folds with shifting values of plunges in the supracrustal rocks having axial-planar schistosity to the folds have been widely cited. Development of these folds could

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Liechty, Cole, Junyi Hu, Liping Zhang, Kenneth W. Liechty, and Junwang Xu. "Role of microRNA-21 and Its Underlying Mechanisms in Inflammatory Responses in Diabetic Wounds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (2020): 3328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093328.

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A central feature of diabetic wounds is the persistence of chronic inflammation, which is partly due to the prolonged presence of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages in diabetic wounds. Persistence of the M1 macrophage phenotype and failure to transition to the regenerative or pro-remodeling (M2) macrophage phenotype plays an indispensable role in diabetic wound impairment; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. Recently, microRNAs have been shown to provide an additional layer of regulation of gene expression. In particular, microRNA-21 (miR-21) is essential for an

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Okimura, Kunio, Nurul Hanis Azhan, Tetsuya Hajiri, Shin-ichi Kimura, Mustapha Zaghrioui, and Joe Sakai. "Temperature-dependent Raman and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy studies on phase transition behavior of VO2 films with M1 and M2 phases." Journal of Applied Physics 115, no. 15 (2014): 153501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4870868.

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Zhiganova, E. V., V. I. Grokhovsky, and M. I. Oshtrakh. "Study of ordinary chondrites by Mössbauer spectroscopy with high velocity resolution: identification of M1 and M2 sites in silicate phases." physica status solidi (a) 204, no. 4 (2007): 1185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200622333.

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Wu, Bingyi, Renhe Zhang, and Rosanne D’Arrigo. "Distinct Modes of the East Asian Winter Monsoon." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 8 (2006): 2165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3150.1.

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Abstract Two distinct modes of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) have been identified, and they correspond to real and imaginary parts of the leading mode of the EAWM, respectively. Analyses of these modes used the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) monthly mean reanalysis datasets for the period 1968–2003, as well as the Southern Oscillation index (SOI), North Atlantic Oscillation index, and eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) data. Results were obtained by resolving a complex Hermite matrix derived fr

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Kim, Ju-Hyun, Dong Kyun Kim, Won-Gu Choi, et al. "In Vitro Metabolism of DWP16001, a Novel Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, in Human and Animal Hepatocytes." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 9 (2020): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090865.

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DWP16001 is currently in a phase 2 clinical trial as a novel anti-diabetes drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by selective inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2. This in vitro study was performed to compare the metabolism of DWP16001 in human, dog, monkey, mouse, and rat hepatocytes, and the drug-metabolizing enzymes responsible for the metabolism of DWP16001 were characterized using recombinant human cytochrome 450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes expressed from cDNAs. The hepatic extraction ratio of DWP16001 in five species ranged from 0.15 to 0.56, suggestin

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Wakabayashi, Hideki, Loris J. Signori, Ali Shaaban, Ryosuke Yamagata, Hirotoyo Nakashima, and Masao Takeyama. "Design Approaches and Achievements of Novel Wrought TiAl Alloys for Jet Engine Applications." MRS Advances 4, no. 25-26 (2019): 1465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.113.

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AbstractDesign approaches and achievements for the development of wrought TiAl alloys to be used for LPT and HPC blades are constructed. In case of Ti-Al-M1-M2 quaternary systems, conventional equivalency concept does not work for the alloy design, and a new thermodynamic database for phase diagram calculations in multi-component systems of the alloys is built by introducing the interaction parameters among four phases of β−Ti, α2−Ti3Al, α−Ti and γ−TiAl phases in the systems, in order to reproduce the experimentally determined phase diagrams. Based on the phase diagram calculations, the compos

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Weng, S. Y., S. Vijayan, X. Y. Wang, et al. "P0455 : IL-4Ra oegulates liver fibrosis differently during progression and reversal phases by modulating the ratio of M1 vs M2 macrophages." Journal of Hepatology 62 (April 2015): S483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(15)30663-2.

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29

Roy, Karabi, Suvankar Ghosh, Monikha Chetia, Priyadarshi Satpati, and Sunanda Chatterjee. "Dicyclohexylurea derivatives of amino acids as dye absorbent organogels and anion sensors." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 11 (2019): 3026–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob00014c.

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Dicyclohexyl urea (DCU) derivatives of amino acids Fmoc-Phe-DCU (M1), Fmoc-Phg-DCU (M2) and Fmoc-Gaba-DCU (M3) have been shown to form phase selective, thermoreversible and mechanically robust gels in a large range of organic solvents. Organogels act as dye adsorbants and M1–M3 act as selective anion sensors for F<sup>−</sup>, OH<sup>−</sup> and OAc<sup>−</sup>.

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Klinkert, Kerstin, Derek Whelan, Anthony J. P. Clover, Anne-Laure Leblond, Arun H. S. Kumar, and Noel M. Caplice. "Selective M2 Macrophage Depletion Leads to Prolonged Inflammation in Surgical Wounds." European Surgical Research 58, no. 3-4 (2017): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000451078.

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Background: A prolonged inflammatory phase is seen in aberrant wound healing and in chronic wounds. Macrophages are central to wound healing. Distinct macrophage subtypes have differing roles both in initial inflammation and in later tissue repair. Broadly, these cells can be divided into M1 and M2 macrophages. M2 macrophage proliferation and differentiation is regulated by colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) signalling and can be blocked by GW2580, a competitive cFMS kinase inhibitor, thereby allowing for analysis of the effect of M2 blockade on progression of surgical wounds. Materials and M

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Och, D. J., E. C. Leitch, G. Caprarelli, and T. Watanabe. "Blueschist and eclogite in tectonic melange, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 4 (2003): 609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036740121.

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Abstract The Rocky Beach Metamorphic Melange contains metre-scale phacoids of high-P low-T metamorphic rocks embedded in chlorite-actinolite schist. The phacoids include eclogite, glaucophane schist and omphacitite and provide evidence for four episodes of metamorphism with mineral assemblages: M1 = actinolite-glaucophane-titanite-apaite, M2 = almandine-omphacite-lawsonite ±quartz, M3 = phengite- glaucophane-K-feldspar-quartz, and M4 = chlorite-actinolite-calcite-quartz-titanite-white mica ± albite ± talc. M1-M3 occurred at a Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic convergent plate boundary close to t

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Bijl, Jan P., Carlos H. Van Peteghem, and Diana A. Dekeyser. "Fluorimetric Determination of Anatoxin M1 in Cheese." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 3 (1987): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.3.472.

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Abstract A simple and sensitive method is proposed for the determination of aflatoxin M, in cheese. The ground cheese sample is extracted with acetone-water (3 + 1). Acetone is evaporated under vacuum, and the aqueous phase is passed through a C18 disposable cartridge. After the cartridge is washed with acetonitrile-water (1 + 9), the toxin is eluted with acetonitrile. The extract is then cleaned up on a silica cartridge. Final analysis is performed by 2-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) combined with fluorodensitometry or by liquid chromatography on a reverse phase C„ column with fl

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Yuan, Pu-Qing, and Yvette Taché. "Abdominal surgery induced gastric ileus and activation of M1-like macrophages in the gastric myenteric plexus: prevention by central vagal activation in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 313, no. 4 (2017): G320—G329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00121.2017.

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Inflammation plays a role in abdominal surgery (AS)-induced intestinal ileus that is alleviated by electrical vagal stimulation. Intracisternal injection of RX-77368, the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone agonist, activates dorsal motor nucleus neurons and gastric vagal efferent discharges. We investigated the gastric inflammation induced by AS and the modulation by intracisternal RX-77368 in rats. RX-77368 (50 ng/rat) or saline was injected followed, 1 h later, by laparotomy and small intestinal/cecal manipulation. The sham group had anesthesia alone. After 6 h, gastric emptying (GE) and t

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Katkovčinová, Zuzana, Martina Lázárová, Katarína Bruňáková, Ján Košuth, and Eva Čellárova. "Expression of dbat and dbtnbt Genes Involved in Paclitaxel Biosynthesis during the Growth Cycle of Taxus baccata L. Callus Cultures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, no. 9-10 (2008): 721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-9-1018.

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The time-course of expression of dbat and dbtnbt genes involved in the later steps of paclitaxel biosynthesis and the intracellular taxane accumulation were investigated through a 64-day subculture interval of VI/M1 and VI/M2 Taxus baccata callus cultures. HPLC proved traces of baccatin III and an intracellular content of paclitaxel up to 90 μg/g DW. The steadystate of the respective gene transcripts was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The expression profile of dbat and dbtnbt genes was slightly different and varied within the subculture. The highest level of dbat expression was det

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Chen, Yi-Cheng, and Chia-Chi You. "Optimal Design of a Secondary Optical Element for a Noncoplanar Two-Reflector Solar Concentrator." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861353.

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This paper presents the results of a parametric design process used to achieve an optimal secondary optical element (SOE) in a noncoplanar solar concentrator composed of two reflectors. The noncoplanar solar concentrator comprises a primary parabolic mirror (M1) and a secondary hyperbolic mirror (M2). The optical performance (i.e., acceptance angle, optical efficiency, and irradiance distribution) of concentrators with various SOEs was compared using ray-tracing simulation. The parametric design process for the SOE was divided into two phases, and an optimal SOE was obtained. The sensitivity t

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Tidball, James G., and S. Armando Villalta. "Regulatory interactions between muscle and the immune system during muscle regeneration." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298, no. 5 (2010): R1173—R1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00735.2009.

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Recent discoveries reveal complex interactions between skeletal muscle and the immune system that regulate muscle regeneration. In this review, we evaluate evidence that indicates that the response of myeloid cells to muscle injury promotes muscle regeneration and growth. Acute perturbations of muscle activate a sequence of interactions between muscle and inflammatory cells. The initial inflammatory response is a characteristic Th1 inflammatory response, first dominated by neutrophils and subsequently by CD68+M1 macrophages. M1 macrophages can propagate the Th1 response by releasing proinflamm

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Razvan, Anca, Daniela F. Popa, Ovidiu Oprea, Eugeniu Vasile, Florina Dumitru, and Gheorghe Nechifor. "Ultrafiltration Mixed Matrix Membranes Based on Mesoporous Silica (MCM-41, HMS)Embedded in Polysulfone." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 9 (2019): 3089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.9.7494.

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Three composite membranes (M1-M3), with mesoporous silica (MCM-41 or HMS-C12/C16-type) embedded in polysulfone (Psf) were obtained by phase-inversion method and their performances were tested for use in ultrafiltration membrane processes. The structures of M (Psf 12%, reference membrane), M1 (Psf 12% + MCM-41), M2 (Psf 12% + HMS-C12), M3 (Psf 12% + HMS-C16) have been assessed by FTIR, TG-DSC and SEM-EDAX and the morphology and their hydrodynamic performances have been evaluated by contact angle measurements, dead-end and cross-flow filtration experiments.

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Fagliari, J. J., M. Passipieri, H. T. Okuda, S. L. Silva, and P. C. Silva. "Serum protein concentrations, including acute phase proteins, in calves with hepatogenous photosensitization." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 59, no. 6 (2007): 1355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352007000600001.

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One hundred 6- to 12-month-old Nelore calves were allotted into control group (G1; 50 healthy calves) and photosensitization group (G2; n= 50). Blood samples were collected 12 to 24 hours after the onset of dermatitis (M1), and 15 to 30 days after that (M2), at time of resolution of clinical signs. Serum protein electrophoresis was performed by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eighteen serum proteins with molecular weights ranging from 16,000 to 189,000 daltons (Da) were identified in all calves. In M1 and M2 serum concentrations of proteins with molecular w

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Kusaka, Yu, Chiaki Kajiwara, Sho Shimada та ін. "Potential Role of Gr-1+ CD8+ T Lymphocytes as a Source of Interferon-γ and M1/M2 Polarization during the Acute Phase of Murine Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia". Journal of Innate Immunity 10, № 4 (2018): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490585.

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In this study, we analyzed interferon (IFN)-γ-producing cells and M1/M2 macrophage polarization in Legionella pneumophila pneumonia following anti-Gr-1 antibody treatment. Anti-Gr-1 treatment induced an M1-to-M2 shift of macrophage subtypes in the lungs and weakly in the peripheral blood, which was associated with increased mortality in legionella-infected mice. CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were the dominant sources of IFN-γ in the acute phase, and anti-Gr-1 treatment reduced the number of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T lymphocytes. In the CD3-gated population, most Gr-1-positive cells

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Zhang, Qinglong. "Delta waves and vacuum states in the vanishing pressure limit of Riemann solutions to Baer-Nunziato two-phase flow model." Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis 20, no. 9 (2021): 3235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2021104.

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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>The phenomena of concentration and cavitation for the Riemann problem of the Baer-Nunziato (BN) two-phase flow model has been investigated in this paper. By using the characteristic analysis method, the formation of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \delta- $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>waves and vacuum states are obtained as the pressure for both phases vanish in the BN model. The solid contact wave is carefully dealt. The comparison with the solutions of pressureless two-phase model shows that, two shoc

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Martyna, Agnieszka, and Jeremy Rossman. "Alterations of membrane curvature during influenza virus budding." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 5 (2014): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140136.

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Influenza A virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family. It is an enveloped virus that contains a segmented and negative-sense RNA genome. Influenza A viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional major pandemics, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and have a significant financial impact on society. Assembly and budding of new viral particles are a complex and multi-step process involving several host and viral factors. Influenza viruses use lipid raft domains in the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells as sites of budding. Two viral glycoproteins, haemagg

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Zhou, Y. C., T. Hashida, and C. Y. Jian. "Determination of Interface Fracture Toughness in Thermal Barrier Coating System by Blister Tests." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 2 (2003): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1555658.

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The theoretical model for the blister test method was used to analyze the interface fracture toughness of zirconia coating deposited on an SUS304 stainless steel substrate by a plasma-spraying method. The elastic parameters of the debonded coating were determined by testing the oil pressure q and maximum deflection w(0). SEM observation, compliance method and ultrasonic detection were used to determine the radius of the debonded coating. The three methods gave the same results for the debonded coating radius. Micro-observations showed that the interfacial crack propagates by the growth of void

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Tkadlečková, Markéta, Josef Walek, Karel Michalek, and Tomáš Huczala. "Numerical Analysis of RTD Curves and Inclusions Removal in a Multi-Strand Asymmetric Tundish with Different Configuration of Impact Pad." Metals 10, no. 7 (2020): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070849.

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To effectively remove non-metallic inclusions from the steel during the flowing in a five-strand asymmetric tundish, the novel configuration of the impact pad was developed. For analysis, complex numerical modelling in the programme ANSYS Fluent was used. The Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model of inclusion tracking was applied. The distribution of inclusions, with sizes ranging from 2 µm to 100 µm and density from 2500 to 3500 kg·m−3, was considered only through the shroud tube. The residence time distribution (RTD) curves and inclusion removal efficiency were used for evaluation of steady state

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Adzila, Sharifah, Iis Sopyan, Siti Farius, Nurfahana Wahab, and Singh Ramesh. "Mechanochemical Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics through Two Different Milling Media." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.254.

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This work presents the wet mechanochemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) powder through two different milling mediums. The effect of milling mediums on powder properties was investigated. Two types of medium: water and ethanol were chosen with 370 rpm milling speed for 15 hours time. Characterization of synthesized powders was accomplished by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The green compacts were prepared and sintered in atmosphere condition at various temperatures ranging from 900oC - 1300oC. The mechanical and physical properties were evaluated under Vickers microhardness test and dens

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Sahu, Yogita, Sourabh Jain, and Karunakar Shukla. "Mucoadhesive microspheres based formulation development of ziprasidone hydrochloride for nasal delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5 (2020): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4309.

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The purpose of research work was to develop and optimize mucoadhesive microspheres of Ziprasidone hydrochloride for nasal delivery with the aim to enhance the residence time and improve therapeutic efficacy. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are those that provide intimate contact of the drug with the mucosa for an extended period of time. In our present work, mucoadhesive chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsification method using liquid paraffin as external phase. Ten different formulations were developed. Results show that as the concentration of polymer increases it affects the par

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Kimura, Taizo, Kazuko Tajiri, Akira Sato, et al. "Tenascin-C accelerates adverse ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction by modulating macrophage polarization." Cardiovascular Research 115, no. 3 (2018): 614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvy244.

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Abstract Aims Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix protein undetected in the normal adult heart, but expressed in several heart diseases associated with inflammation. We previously reported that serum TN-C levels of myocardial infarction (MI) patients were elevated during the acute stage, and that patients with high peak TN-C levels were at high risk of left ventricular (LV) remodelling and poor outcome, suggesting that TN-C could play a significant role in the progression of ventricular remodelling. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms associated with this process remain unknown

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Daibert, Raquel Morais de Paiva, Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi Junior, Felipe de Oliveira Vieira, et al. "Lipopolysaccharide triggers different transcriptional signatures in taurine and indicine cattle macrophages: Reactive oxygen species and potential outcomes to the development of immune response to infections." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0241861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241861.

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Macrophages are classified upon activation as classical activated M1 and M2 anti-inflammatory regulatory populations. This macrophage polarization is well characterized in humans and mice, but M1/M2 profile in cattle has been far less explored. Bos primigenius taurus (taurine) and Bos primigenius indicus (indicine) cattle display contrasting levels of resistance to infection and parasitic diseases such as C57BL/6J and Balb/c murine experimental models of parasite infection outcomes based on genetic background. Thus, we investigated the differential gene expression profile of unstimulated and L

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Khier, Lalmi, Lakel Abdelghani, Belahssen Okba, Djamel Maouche, and Lakel Said. "X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods." Journal of Chemical Research 45, no. 7-8 (2021): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519820984729.

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Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various s

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Vashchenko, V. L., V. K. Likhachov, O. Ye Akimov, and O. O. Taranovska. "DIFFERENTIATION FACTORS OF M1 AND M2 SUBPOPULATIONS OF DECIDUAL MACROPHAGES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA, THEIR IMBALANCE AND WAYS TO CORRECT IT." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 3 (2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.3.14.

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According to the literature, inappropriate polarization of decidual macrophages is associated with abnormal pregnancy conditions such as spontaneous abortion, premature childbirth, preeclampsia, foetal growth retardation, etc.; therefore, studying the relationship between subpopulations of decidual macrophages and factors promoting their production in women with preeclampsia is of great clinical relevance. The purpose of this study was to identify the features of differentiation in subpopulations M1 and M2 of decidual macrophages in pregnant women with preeclampsia and to assess the impact of

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MEZGER, JOCHEN E., and CEES W. PASSCHIER. "Polymetamorphism and ductile deformation of staurolite–cordierite schist of the Bossòst dome: indication for Variscan extension in the Axial Zone of the central Pyrenees." Geological Magazine 140, no. 5 (2003): 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803008112.

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The Bossòst dome is an E–W-trending elongated structural and metamorphic dome developed in Cambro-Ordovician metasedimentary rocks in the Variscan Axial Zone of the central Pyrenees. A steep fault separates a northern half-dome, cored by massif granite, from an E–W-trending doubly plunging antiform with granitic sills and dykes in the core to the south. The main foliation is a flat-lying S1/2 schistosity that grades into a steeper-dipping slaty cleavage at the dome margins. Three major deformational and two metamorphic phases can be differentiated. S1/2 schistosity is an axial planar cleavage

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