Relevant bibliographies by topics / M2C

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'M2C'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "M2C"

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Washington, J. A. "Functions and activities of the Area Committee on Microbiology of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 4, no. 2 (April 1991): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.4.2.150.

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The Area Committee on Microbiology of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards has responsibility for the development of guidelines and standards in the field of clinical microbiology. Through the consensus process, representatives from government, industry, and professional societies have developed standards on antibacterial susceptibility testing (M2, M7, and M11), antimycobacterial susceptibility testing (M24), quality assurance on commercially prepared microbiological culture media (M22), evaluation of production lots of dehydrated Mueller-Hinton agar (M6), and preparation and testing of fetal bovine serum for use as cell culture growth supplement (M25) and guidelines on bactericidal tests (M26), protection of laboratory workers from infections transmitted by blood, body fluids, and tissue (M29), blood film examination for parasites (M15), and development of in vitro susceptibility testing criteria and quality control parameters (M23).
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Lai, Yin-Siew, Renanda Baghaz Dzulhamdhani Surya Putra, Shin-Peir Aui, and Ko-Tung Chang. "M2C Polarization by Baicalin Enhances Efferocytosis via Upregulation of MERTK Receptor." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 46, no. 08 (January 2018): 1899–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x18500957.

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Baicalin is the main active ingredient primary isolated from the Chinese herb, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Although baicalin can induce M2 macrophage polarization, we still do not know the subtype of macrophages polarized by baicalin. In this study, we characterized that murine bone marrow derived macrophages induced by M-CSF can be further polarized into M2C phenotype by baicalin. The signatures of M2C macrophages for mRNA expression like interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), MERTK and PTX3 were up-regulated. Moreover, we observed the concomitantly decreasing of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-[Formula: see text]), interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), IL-6. In contrast, M2 macrophages polarized by IL-4 increased gene transcript of arginase-1 (Arg-1) and surface marker of CD206 indicates that their identity as M2A rather than M2C subtypes. Interestingly, the phagocytosis as well as efferocytosis activity were significantly enhanced in M2C macrophage polarized by baicalin and these capacities were associated with the expression of MERTK receptor. Finally, we conclude that baicalin induced M2C macrophages polarization with both elevations of efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Loegl, J., U. Hiden, E. Nussbaumer, C. Schliefsteiner, S. Cvitic, I. Lang, C. Wadsack, B. Huppertz, and G. Desoye. "Hofbauer cells of M2a, M2b and M2c polarization may regulate feto-placental angiogenesis." Reproduction 152, no. 5 (November 2016): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-16-0159.

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The human placenta comprises a special type of tissue macrophages, the Hofbauer cells (HBC), which exhibit M2 macrophage phenotype. Several subtypes of M2-polarized macrophages (M2a, M2b and M2c) exist in almost all tissues. Macrophage polarization depends on the way of macrophage activation and leads to the expression of specific cell surface markers and the acquisition of specific functions, including tissue remodeling and the promotion of angiogenesis. The placenta is a highly vascularized and rapidly growing organ, suggesting a role of HBC in feto-placental angiogenesis. We here aimed to characterize the specific polarization and phenotype of HBC and investigated the role of HBC in feto-placental angiogenesis. Therefore, HBC were isolated from third trimester placentas and their phenotype was determined by the presence of cell surface markers (FACS analysis) and secretion of cytokines (ELISA). HBC conditioned medium (CM) was analyzed for pro-angiogenic factors, and the effect of HBC CM on angiogenesis, proliferation and chemoattraction of isolated primary feto-placental endothelial cells (fpEC) was determined in vitro. Our results revealed that isolated HBC possess an M2 polarization, with M2a, M2b and M2c characteristics. HBC secreted the pro-angiogenic molecules VEGF and FGF2. Furthermore, HBC CM stimulated the in vitro angiogenesis of fpEC. However, compared with control medium, chemoattraction of fpEC toward HBC CM was reduced. Proliferation of fpEC was not affected by HBC CM. These findings demonstrate a paracrine regulation of feto-placental angiogenesis by HBC in vitro. Based on our collective results, we propose that the changes in HBC number or phenotype may affect feto-placental angiogenesis.
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Zhou, Xue Feng, Xiao Yan Yin, Feng Fang, and Jian Qing Jiang. "Study on the Solidification Microstructure of Aluminum Alloyed High Speed Steel." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.463.

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The present work has investigated the effect of aluminum on the solidification microstructure of M2 high speed steel. The results show that the as-cast structure is refined and the networks of M2C eutectic carbides are distributed more homogeneously with the addition of aluminum. Meanwhile, the morphology of M2C changes from the fibrous shape to the plate-like one. Despite of the same crystal structure, the microstructure differs greatly between the two carbides. Compared with the fibrous M2C, micro-twining is formed in the plate-like M2C, resulting in the orientation changes between different plates. It is expected that the solid/liquid interface structure of M2C may evolve from the non-faceted into the faceted due to the addition of aluminum.
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Zhou, Xue Feng, Xiao Yan Yin, Feng Fang, and Jian Qing Jiang. "Effect of Calcium Modification on the Microstructure and Properties of High Speed Steel." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.457.

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The present work has investigated the influence of calcium on the microstructure and properties of AISI M2 high speed steels. The results show that the as-cast structure consists of the iron matrix and networks of M2C eutectic carbides, which are greatly refined in the ingot modified by calcium. Meanwhile, the morphology of M2C evolves from the plate-like shape into the fibrous one. Compared with the plate-like M2C, the fibrous M2C is less stable at high temperatures, which promotes the spheroidization and refinement of carbides. Therefore, M2 steels modified by calcium obtain higher hardness and red-hardness after heat treatment than those without the addition of calcium.
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Chang, Kevin W., Eugene V. Barsov, Andrea L. Ferris, and Stephen H. Hughes. "Mutations of a Residue within the Polyproline-Rich Region of Env Alter the Replication Rate and Level of Cytopathic Effects in Chimeric Avian Retroviral Vectors." Journal of Virology 79, no. 16 (August 15, 2005): 10258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.16.10258-10267.2005.

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ABSTRACT Previous attempts to extend the host range of the avian sarcoma/leukosis virus (ASLV)-based RCASBP vectors produced two viral vectors, RCASBP M2C (4070A) and RCASBP M2C (797-8), which replicate using the amphotropic murine leukemia virus 4070A Env protein (2). Both viruses were adapted to replicate efficiently in the avian cell line DF-1, but RCASBP M2C (4070A) caused extensive cytopathic effects (CPE) in DF-1 cells whereas RCASBP M2C (797-8) induced low levels of CPE. The two viruses differed only at amino acid 242 of the polyproline-rich region in the surface (SU) subunit of the Env protein. In RCASBP M2C (4070A), an isoleucine replaced the wild-type proline residue, whereas a threonine residue was found in RCASBP M2C (797-8). In the present study, we show that other amino acid substitutions at position 242 strongly influence the CPE and replication rate of the chimeric viruses. There was a correlation between the amount of unintegrated linear retroviral DNA present in infected DF-1 cells and the level of CPE. This suggests that there may be a role for superinfection in the CPE. The treatment of RCASBP M2C (4070A)-infected cells with dantrolene, which inhibits the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), reduced the amount of CPE seen during infection with the highly cytotoxic virus. Dantrolene treatment did not appear to affect virus production, suggesting that Ca2+ release from the ER had a role in the CPE caused by these viruses.
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Liberale, Luca, Franco Dallegri, Federico Carbone, and Fabrizio Montecucco. "Pathophysiological relevance of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 117, no. 01 (2017): 07–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th16-08-0593.

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SummaryMacrophages are highly heterogeneous and plastic cells. They were shown to play a critical role in all stages of atherogenesis, from the initiation to the necrotic core formation and plaque rupture. Lesional macrophages primarily derive from blood monocyte, but local macrophage proliferation as well as differentiation from smooth muscle cells have also been described. Within atherosclerotic plaques, macrophages rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment, shifting between pro- (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) functional phenotypes. Furthermore, different stimuli have been associated with differentiation of newly discovered M2 subtypes: IL-4/IL-13 (M2a), immunecomplex (M2b), IL-10/glucocorticoids (M2c), and adenosine receptor agonist (M2d). More recently, additional intraplaque macrophage phenotypes were also recognized in response to CXCL4 (M4), oxidized phospholipids (Mox), haemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes (HAmac/M(Hb)), and heme (Mhem). Such macrophage polarization was described as a progression among multiple phenotypes, which reflect the activity of different transcriptional factors and the cross-talk between intracellular signalling. Finally, the distribution of macrophage subsets within different plaque areas was markedly associated with cardiovascular (CV) vulnerability. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge on the role of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage phenotypic shift will be summarised and discussed. Finally, the role of intraplaque macrophages as predictors of CV events and the therapeutic potential of these cells will be discussed.
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Tseng, Wei-Cheng, Ming-Tsun Tsai, Nien-Jung Chen, and Der-Cherng Tarng. "Trichostatin A Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis Through Modulation of the M2 Macrophage Subpopulation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 5966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21175966.

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Mounting evidence indicates that an increase in histone deacetylation contributes to renal fibrosis. Although inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) can reduce the extent of fibrosis, whether HDAC inhibitors exert the antifibrotic effect through modulating the phenotypes of macrophages, the key regulator of renal fibrosis, remains unknown. Moreover, the functional roles of the M2 macrophage subpopulation in fibrotic kidney diseases remain incompletely understood. Herein, we investigated the role of HDAC inhibitors on renal fibrogenesis and macrophage plasticity. We found that HDAC inhibition by trichostatin A (TSA) reduced the accumulation of interstitial macrophages, suppressed the activation of myofibroblasts and attenuated the extent of fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Moreover, TSA inhibited M1 macrophages and augmented M2 macrophage infiltration in fibrotic kidney tissue. Interestingly, TSA preferentially upregulated M2c macrophages and suppressed M2a macrophages in the obstructed kidneys, which was correlated with a reduction of interstitial fibrosis. TSA also repressed the expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules in cultured M2a macrophages and inhibited the activation of renal myofibroblasts. In conclusion, our study was the first to show that HDAC inhibition by TSA alleviates renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys through facilitating an M1 to M2c macrophage transition.
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Kisucká, Alexandra, Katarína Bimbová, Mária Bačová, Ján Gálik, and Nadežda Lukáčová. "Activation of Neuroprotective Microglia and Astrocytes at the Lesion Site and in the Adjacent Segments Is Crucial for Spontaneous Locomotor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury." Cells 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081943.

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Microglia and astrocytes play an important role in the regulation of immune responses under various pathological conditions. To detect environmental cues associated with the transformation of reactive microglia (M1) and astrocytes (A1) into their polarization states (anti-inflammatory M2 and A2 phenotypes), we studied time-dependent gene expression in naive and injured spinal cord. The relationship between astrocytes and microglia and their polarization states were studied in a rat model after Th9 compression (40g/15 min) in acute and subacute stages at the lesion site, and both cranially and caudally. The gene expression of microglia/macrophages and M1 microglia was strongly up-regulated at the lesion site and caudally one week after SCI, and attenuated after two weeks post-SCI. GFAP and S100B, and A1 astrocytes were profoundly expressed predominantly two weeks post-SCI at lesion site and cranially. Gene expression of anti-inflammatory M2a microglia (CD206, CHICHI, IL1rn, Arg-1), M2c microglia (TGF-β, SOCS3, IL4R α) and A2 astrocytes (Tgm1, Ptx3, CD109) was greatly activated at the lesion site one week post-SCI. In addition, we observed positive correlation between neurological outcome and expression of M2a, M2c, and A2 markers. Our findings indicate that the first week post‑injury is critical for modulation of reactive microglia/astrocytes into their neuroprotective phenotypes.
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Graney, P. L., S. Ben-Shaul, S. Landau, A. Bajpai, B. Singh, J. Eager, A. Cohen, S. Levenberg, and K. L. Spiller. "Macrophages of diverse phenotypes drive vascularization of engineered tissues." Science Advances 6, no. 18 (May 2020): eaay6391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6391.

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Macrophages are key contributors to vascularization, but the mechanisms behind their actions are not understood. Here, we show that diverse macrophage phenotypes have distinct effects on endothelial cell behavior, with resulting effects on vascularization of engineered tissues. In Transwell coculture, proinflammatory M1 macrophages caused endothelial cells to up-regulate genes associated with sprouting angiogenesis, whereas prohealing (M2a), proremodeling (M2c), and anti-inflammatory (M2f) macrophages promoted up-regulation of genes associated with pericyte cell differentiation. In 3D tissue-engineered human blood vessel networks in vitro, short-term exposure (1 day) to M1 macrophages increased vessel formation, while long-term exposure (3 days) caused regression. When human tissue-engineered blood vessel networks were implanted into athymic mice, macrophages expressing markers of both M1 and M2 phenotypes wrapped around and bridged adjacent vessels and formed vessel-like structures themselves. Last, depletion of host macrophages inhibited remodeling of engineered vessels, infiltration of host vessels, and anastomosis with host vessels.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "M2C"

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Iqbal, Salma. "Phenotypical and Functional Characterization of Polarized Human Macrophages." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32009.

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Macrophages can be polarized into M1 and M2 macrophages based on the composition of the milieu. Human macrophages have been poorly characterized. In this study, various macrophage subsets were generated by treating monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with IFNγ (M1), IL-4 (M2a), LPS and IL-1β (M2b) or IL-10 (M2c) which were characterized with respect to their cell surface marker profile and functional profile in the context of cytokine production, susceptibility to HIV infection and apoptosis. Each polarization state demonstrated a unique cell surface marker profile and cytokine profile. In addition M1 macrophages were shown to produce IFNγ post TLR stimulation. Moreover, M1 macrophages were highly sensitive to apoptosis following Smac mimetic treatment. Furthermore, M2a and M2c macrophages were resistant to apoptosis, induced by PI3K blockage and IAPs degradation respectively, and at the same time supported productive HIV infection unlike the other macrophage subsets. These findings might lead to better understanding of HIV reservoir formation and be used to develop therapies to eradicate it.
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Lesnicar, Anton. "Neuartiger, modularer Mehrpunktumrichter M2C für Netzkupplungsanwendungen /." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991820657/04.

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Rohner, Steffen. "Untersuchung des Modularen Mehrpunktstromrichters M2C für Mittelspannungsanwendungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-69311.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt den Modularen Mehrpunktstromrichter M2C, der eine aufstrebende Mehrpunktstromrichtertopologie im Mittelspannungs- und Hochspannungsbereich ist. Die modulare Struktur des Stromrichters enthält in einem Stromrichterzweig eine Reihenschaltung aus identischen Submodulen (Zellen) und einer Spule. Der gesamte Stromrichter ist aus sechs Zweigen aufgebaut. Somit hängt die Anzahl der Spannungsstufen in den Leiter-Leiter-Spannungen von der zunächst beliebigen Anzahl der Submodule ab. Zur Untersuchung dieser komplexen Stromrichtertopologie werden zwei Simulationsmodelle hergeleitet: das kontinuierliche Modell und das diskrete Modell. Dafür wird das elektrische Schaltbild durch ein gewöhnliches Differenzialgleichungssystem beschrieben, wobei die Schaltzustände der Leistungshalbleiter durch sogenannte Schaltfunktionen abgebildet werden. Das kontinuierliche Modell verwendet Schaltfunktionen, die Werte in einem kontinuierlichen Intervall annehmen können. Bei Vorgabe der Zweigströme und Sternpunktspannung können die Lösungen der anderen Systemgrößen analytisch berechnet werden. Für den allgemeinen Fall ist dies numerisch möglich. Im Gegensatz dazu verwendet das diskrete Modell diskrete Schaltfunktionen. Es wird durch numerische Integrationsverfahren mit dem Schaltungssimulator MATLAB/Plecs simuliert. Eine spezielle Eigenschaft dieses Stromrichters sind seine inneren, an den Ein- und Ausgangsklemmen nicht messbaren Ströme: die sogenannten Kreisströme. Diese Stromanteile werden erstmalig mathematisch im Zeitbereich definiert und die Harmonischen hergeleitet, die sich für einen symmetrischen Betrieb des Stromrichters ergeben. Für das diskrete Modell wird eine Zweigstromregelung implementiert. Die Anfangswerte der Spulen und Kondensatoren werden durch die analytischen Gleichungen des kontinuierlichen Modells so berechnet, dass sich der eingeschwungene Zustand ergibt. Der M2C besitzt keinen großen, sondern viele verteilte Energiespeicher: die Submodulkondensatoren. Die gespeicherte Energie sollte symmetrisch verteilt sein. Dafür werden drei Möglichkeiten der Energieänderung hergeleitet und deren Effektivität gezeigt. Eine andere Untersuchung betrifft die Stromaufteilung innerhalb der Submodule auf den jeweils oberen und unteren Leistungshalbleiter. Dabei wird die Stromaufteilung für verschiedene Phasenwinkel und Kreisströme gezeigt. Der Einfluss der schwankenden Kondensatorspannungen auf die Leiter-Leiter-Spannungen sowie die Anzahl der Spannungsstufen in den Leiter-Leiter-Spannungen werden mit dem diskreten Modell untersucht. Die Genauigkeit der Simulationsmodelle wird mit Hilfe eines Prototyps des M2Cs überprüft, der von der Fa. Siemens entwickelt wurde. Es werden charakteristische Strom- und Spannungsverläufe gemessen und den simulierten Verläufen der beiden Simulationsmodelle gegenübergestellt. Die Auslegung des Leistungsteils gliedert sich in die Auslegung der Submodulkondensatoren und die der Leistungshalbleiter. Zuerst wird die Kapazität der Submodulkondensatoren auf der Grundlage von drei verschiedenen Kondensatorspezifikationen mit Hilfe eines iterativen Algorithmus minimiert. Dies wird sowohl für kreisstromfreie als auch für optimierte kreisstrombehaftete Betriebsweisen mit dem kontinuierlichen Modell durchgeführt. Im nächsten Schritt werden die Leistungshalbleiter mit dem diskreten Modell dimensioniert. Dafür wird ein Stromfaktor definiert, der eine ideale Parallelschaltung von mehreren Leistungshalbleitern beschreibt. Die Verluste, die Verlustverteilung sowie die Sperrschichttemperaturen in den Leistungshalbleitern für verschiedene Phasenwinkel zeigen das Verhalten des Stromrichters in verschiedenen Arbeitspunkten
This thesis deals with the Modular Multilevel Converter M2C, an emerging and highly attractive multilevel converter topology for medium and high voltage applications. One of the most significant benefits of the M2C is its modular structure - the converter is composed of six converter arms, where each arm consists of a series connection of identical submodules (cells) and an inductor. Thus, the number of distinct voltage levels available for the line-to-line voltages is proportional to the number of submodules, which is in principle arbitrary. For the investigation of this complex converter topology, two simulation models - a continuous model and a discrete model - are derived. For this purpose, the electrical circuit is described by a system of ordinary differential equations where the switching states of the power semiconductors are represented by the so-called switching functions. The continuous model results from the analytical solution of the differential equations with a continuous interpretation of the switching functions. In contrast, the discrete model uses discrete switching functions and is computed using numeric integration methods with MATLAB/Plecs. One aspect of particular significance with the M2C is the topic of inner currents: the so-called circulating currents. In this thesis, these current components are defined mathematically in the time domain for the first time and the harmonics of the circulating currents for symmetrical operation of the converter are derived. For the discrete model, closed-loop control of the arm currents is implemented. Initial values for the inductors and capacitors are derived using the analytical equations of the continuous model. The M2C has several distributed energy storage elements: the submodule capacitors. The stored energy must be distributed evenly amongst these capacitors. To achieve this, three methods of energy distribution are presented. Another focus of this investigation is the current sharing between the upper and lower power semiconductor within the submodules. For different load phase angles and circulating currents, the current distribution is depicted. The influence of the floating capacitor voltages on the line-to-line voltages as well as the of number of discrete voltage levels in the line-to-line voltages are investigated with the discrete model. The accuracy of the simulation models is verified by experimentation with a prototype of the M2C from the company Siemens. The experimental results are compared with simulation results from the two simulation models. The dimensioning of the power components of the elecrical circuit is divided into two parts: the first for the submodule capacitors and the second for the power semiconductors. Initially, the capacitance of the submodule capacitors are minimized by an iterative algorithm on the basis of three different capacitor specifications. This computation is done using the continuous converter model for converter operation neglecting circulating currents and with optimized circulating currents. In the next step, the power semiconductors are dimensioned using the discrete model and assuming a defined current factor, which describes the ideal parallel connection of several semiconductors. The losses, the loss distribution, and the junction temperatures in the power semiconductors for different load phase angles describe the behavior of the converter for different operating points
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Lesnicar, Anton [Verfasser]. "Neuartiger, Modularer Mehrpunktumrichter M2C für Netzkupplungsanwendungen / Anton Lesnicar." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1161306366/34.

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Rohner, Steffen [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung des Modularen Mehrpunktstromrichters M2C für Mittelspannungsanwendungen / Steffen Rohner." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013526260/34.

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Schmitt, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Modular Multilevel Converter M2C für Multiterminal HVDC / Daniel Schmitt." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1053903723/34.

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Galek, Marek [Verfasser]. "M2C-Converter auf Basis von MOS-Transistoren für Niederspannungsnetze / Marek Galek." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112086447X/34.

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Tankoano, Joachim. "M2C une approche méthodique pour la conception certifiée des automatismes industriels répartis /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618842n.

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MÖRÉE, GUSTAV. "Experimental Comparison of Losses in a Grid-connected and M2C-fed 11kW Induction Motor." Thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-160705.

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This thesis analyzes the power losses in induction machines and how the losses depend on the harmonic content of the applied voltages. Two cases are compared, one case where a machine is fed with a sinusoidial voltage and one case with a modular multilevel converter (M2C). The sine is representing an ideal grid while the M2C represents a case with harmonic content. The usage of converters for electrical drive systems is increasing due to advantages when the rotor speed could be variable by changing the frequency of the voltage. This is usually increasing the efficiency of the overall system, but is also adding harmonics fed to the machine and switching losses in the converter. Low switching losses in the inverter usually create higher harmonic content that instead increases the losses of the machine. The M2C is then proposed as a converter topology that can keep the harmonic content low while keeping the switching losses relatively low. This study focuses on the iron losses, the part of the total losses that is most hard to predict or measure. Today’s methods used to calculate the iron losses are often rough approximations that do not take the impact of the harmonic content of voltage into consideration, even though the iron losses are dependent on the harmonics. Experimental results in the study show that the losses of a M2C-fed case do not differ much from a sine-fed case. The difference could be explained by low increase of iron losses caused by the small harmonic content from the M2C. The increase of iron losses was linked to the harmonic content of the voltage.
Detta examensarbete analyserar effektförluster i induktionsmaskiner och hur förlusterna beror på övertonsinnehållet i den matande spänningen. Två fall kommer att jämföras, ett fall där en maskin är matad från en sinus spänning och ett fall med en modulär multinivå omvandlare (M2C). Sinusen representerar ett idealt nät medan M2C representerar ett fall med övertonsinnehåll. Användning av omvandlare för elekriska drivsystem ökar på grund av fördelarna när rotorhastighet kan varieras genom att ändra frekvensen från den matande växelriktaren. Detta ökar vanligtvis verkningsgraden på det sammanlagda systemet, men detta bidrar även med övertonsinnehåll matat till maskinen och switchförluster i omvandlaren. Låga switchförluster i omvandlaren medför oftast ett högt övertonsinnehåll som istället ökar förlusterna i maskinen. M2C är därför föreslaget som en teknik som håller övertonsinnehållet lågt medan switchförlusterna är relativt låga. Denna studie fokuserar på järnförluster, den del av de totala förlusterna som är som svårast att förutse eller mäta. De metoder som finns för att beräkna järnförlusterna är vanligtvis grova skattningar som inte tar hänsyn till inverkan från spänningens övertoninnehåll, även om järnförluster beror på övertonerna i stor utsträckning. Experimentella resultat i studien visar att förlusterna i ett M2C-matat fall inte avviker i stor utsträkning jämte ett sinusmatat fall. Skillnanen kan förklaras utifrån den lilla ökningen av järnförluster från det låga övertonsinnehållet från M2C:n. Järnförlusterna ses vara kopplade till övertonsinnehållet i spänningen.
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Kothe, Sheila Isabella Karola. "Charakterisierung des murinen Zytomegalovirus MicroRNA Clusters m21/m22/M23." Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-154617.

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Books on the topic "M2C"

1

Wright, Owen. BSA M20 & M21. Sparkford, Nr. Yeovil, Somerset: Haynes Pub. Group, 1985.

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Brewaeys, Philippe. Ecoovie: Le Mic-Mac des services secrets. Bruxelles: EPO, 1990.

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Muet, Pierre-Alain. MIC MAC: La macroéconomie par la micro informatique. Paris: Economica, 1987.

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Mac Mic Iascaire Buí Luimnigh: Seanscéal as Tír Amhalghaidh. Indreabhán, Conamara: Cló Iar-Chonnachta, 1992.

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MacLean, John. Mac. London: Pan, 1988.

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Cherel, Jean-Se bastien. Mac. Paris: Micro Application, 2009.

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Mac. Ḍairah Ismāʻīl K̲h̲ān: Q Pablīkeshanz, 2008.

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Spivey, Dwight. Mac. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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Ithel, Rhian. Mac. Llandysul: Gomer, 1995.

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Spivey, Dwight. Mac. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "M2C"

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Verma, Rajesh Kumar, Bibudhendu Pati, Chhabi Rani Panigrahi, Joy Lal Sarkar, and Subhashish Das Mohapatra. "M2C: An Energy-Efficient Mechanism for Computation in Mobile Cloud Computing." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 697–703. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6872-0_67.

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Bensard, Denis D., Philip F. Stahel, Jorge Cerdá, Babak Sarani, Sajid Shahul, Daniel Talmor, Peter M. Hammer, et al. "MIC and MBC." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1395. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3204.

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Muthanna, Ammar, Abdukodir Khakimov, Abdelhamied A. Ateya, Alexander Paramonov, and Andrey Koucheryavy. "Enabling M2M Communication Through MEC and SDN." In Developments in Language Theory, 95–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99447-5_9.

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Lachtar, Abdelfetteh, Marwa Lachtar, and Abdennaceur Kachouri. "A Hybrid MAC Protocol for Heterogeneous M2M Networks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 520–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49342-4_50.

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Ouaissa, Mariyam, Mariya Ouaissa, and Abdallah Rhattoy. "Enhanced and Efficient Multilayer MAC Protocol for M2M Communications." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 539–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5113-0_42.

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Oette, Mark, Marvin J. Stone, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, Peter Charbel Issa, Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Frank G. Holz, et al. "MCC." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1270. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6210.

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Oette, Mark, Marvin J. Stone, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, Peter Charbel Issa, Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Frank G. Holz, et al. "MLC." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1337. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_5106.

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Gooch, Jan W. "MFC." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 461. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7455.

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Patel, Nisha R., Michael L. Wong, Anthony E. Dragun, Stephan Mose, Bernadine R. Donahue, Jay S. Cooper, Filip T. Troicki, et al. "MLC." In Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology, 502–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85516-3_580.

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Schmidt-Böcking, Horst, Karin Reich, Alan Templeton, Wolfgang Trageser, and Volkmar Vill. "M20." In Otto Sterns Veröffentlichungen – Band 5, 203–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46958-3_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "M2C"

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Lucas, Vincent, Jean-Jacques Pansiot, Dominique Grad, and Benoit Hilt. "Fair Multicast Congestion Control (M2C)." In IEEE INFOCOM 2009 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2009.5072144.

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Sun, Kai, Zhikui Chen, Jiankang Ren, Song Yang, and Jing Li. "M2C: Energy efficient mobile cloud system for deep learning." In IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2014.6849208.

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Kempf, Jean-Louis, and Rémy Delhomme. "Modernisation du contrôle commande du palier 1300 MW (M2C)." In Durée de fonctionnement des réacteurs. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jtsfen/2014dur15.

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Kozak, Joseph P., Ansel Barchowsky, Brandon Grainger, Chance Turner, Richard Delancey, Gregory Reed, and William Stanchina. "Design and manufacturability of a high power density M2C inverter." In 2016 International Symposium on 3D Power Electronics Integration and Manufacturing (3D-PEIM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dpeim.2016.7570559.

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Liu, Chuang, Chao Liu, Renzhong Shan, Yibo Wang, Zhongchen Pei, and Hong Ying. "High-Frequency-Link Isolated Modular Multilevel Converter (I-M2C) Topology." In 2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peac.2018.8590659.

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Ahmed, N., A. Haider, L. Angquist, and H. P. Nee. "M2C-based MTDC system for handling of power fluctuations from offshore wind farms." In IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2011). IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.0145.

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Mondal, Gopal, and Sebastian Nielebock. "Control of M2C direct converter for AC to AC conversion with wide frequency range." In 2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2016.7695262.

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Lin, Lin, Guowei Cai, Chuang Liu, Zhongchen Pei, Xiaomin Song, and Jingyue Wang. "Comparison of MMC Based PET and I-M2C Based PET for Topology, Control Strategy and Cost." In 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipemc-ecceasia48364.2020.9367926.

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de Valicourt, G., J. E. Simsarian, A. Maho, R. Brenot, K. W. Kim, A. Melikyan, Po Dong, C.-M. Chang, and Young-Kai Chen. "Dual Hybrid Silicon-Photonic Laser with Fast Wavelength Tuning." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2016.m2c.1.

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Shubin, I., J. H. Lee, J. Bovington, J. Yao, S. Lin, S. S. Djordjevic, Y. Luo, et al. "Alignment and Integration of a Hybrid, External-Cavity InP-SOI Laser." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2016.m2c.2.

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Reports on the topic "M2C"

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Wade, J. A. Lithostratigraphy 4: Mic Mac and Abenaki formations. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210641.

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Avery, M. P. Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) of Dispersed Organics From Shell Mic Mac H-86. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130222.

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Lajoie, John. PHENIX Muon Piston Calorimeter (MPC) APD and Prototype MPC Extension (MPC-EX) Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1128068.

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García Salamanca, Angela Viviana, Julieth Nataly Lesmes, and Andrés Felipe Ruiz Castro. Prospectiva de la formación en salud universitaria. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecisa.4762.

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Abstract:
El estudio que se presenta a continuación tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio prospectivo para la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD con un horizonte de tiempo al año 2026. Desarrollo. Su metodología se diseñó bajo un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo. El eje principal en el que se fundamentó el desarrollo de la investigación se enfocó en los postulados prospectivos de la escuela francesa representada por Michel Godet adaptado a los requerimientos del estudio en particular de la formación en salud. El procedimiento se dividió en tres etapas: Primera etapa, encuesta Delphi, busca determinar avances tecnológicos y tendencias de la educación en salud, Segunda etapa. Análisis estructural por medio del método MIC-MAC, Tercera etapa. Diseño de escenarios futuros y propuesta de escenario apuesta utilizando el método de ejes de Peter Schwartz. Conclusiones: Se evidenciaron cinco objetivos estratégicos para la formación en salud, como son: tecnosalud, infraestructura, investigación, redes académicas y transdisciplinariedad. Los ejes estratégicos permitieron diseñar cuatro posibles escenarios para la prospectiva en la formación en salud.
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Jung, Yeon Sang, Changho Lee, and Micheal A. Smith. PROTEUS-MOC User Manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1483947.

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O'Neal, Thomas, and Robin Phelps. Megawatt Cleantech Challenge (MCC). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1596016.

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Michael Cannon, Terry Barney, Gary Cook, Jr George Danklefsen, Paul Fairbourn, Susan Gihring, and Lisa Stearns. MFC Communications Infrastructure Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035903.

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Pillai, Shiv S. MHC Genes and Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394028.

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Whiting, D., R. Housley, and N. Ferguson. Counter with CBC-MAC (CCM). RFC Editor, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3610.

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Marin-Lafleche, A., M. A. Smith, E. E. Lewis, and C. H. Lee. Development status of PROTEUS-MOC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1054500.

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