Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'M2C'
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Iqbal, Salma. "Phenotypical and Functional Characterization of Polarized Human Macrophages." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32009.
Full textLesnicar, Anton. "Neuartiger, modularer Mehrpunktumrichter M2C für Netzkupplungsanwendungen /." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991820657/04.
Full textRohner, Steffen. "Untersuchung des Modularen Mehrpunktstromrichters M2C für Mittelspannungsanwendungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-69311.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Modular Multilevel Converter M2C, an emerging and highly attractive multilevel converter topology for medium and high voltage applications. One of the most significant benefits of the M2C is its modular structure - the converter is composed of six converter arms, where each arm consists of a series connection of identical submodules (cells) and an inductor. Thus, the number of distinct voltage levels available for the line-to-line voltages is proportional to the number of submodules, which is in principle arbitrary. For the investigation of this complex converter topology, two simulation models - a continuous model and a discrete model - are derived. For this purpose, the electrical circuit is described by a system of ordinary differential equations where the switching states of the power semiconductors are represented by the so-called switching functions. The continuous model results from the analytical solution of the differential equations with a continuous interpretation of the switching functions. In contrast, the discrete model uses discrete switching functions and is computed using numeric integration methods with MATLAB/Plecs. One aspect of particular significance with the M2C is the topic of inner currents: the so-called circulating currents. In this thesis, these current components are defined mathematically in the time domain for the first time and the harmonics of the circulating currents for symmetrical operation of the converter are derived. For the discrete model, closed-loop control of the arm currents is implemented. Initial values for the inductors and capacitors are derived using the analytical equations of the continuous model. The M2C has several distributed energy storage elements: the submodule capacitors. The stored energy must be distributed evenly amongst these capacitors. To achieve this, three methods of energy distribution are presented. Another focus of this investigation is the current sharing between the upper and lower power semiconductor within the submodules. For different load phase angles and circulating currents, the current distribution is depicted. The influence of the floating capacitor voltages on the line-to-line voltages as well as the of number of discrete voltage levels in the line-to-line voltages are investigated with the discrete model. The accuracy of the simulation models is verified by experimentation with a prototype of the M2C from the company Siemens. The experimental results are compared with simulation results from the two simulation models. The dimensioning of the power components of the elecrical circuit is divided into two parts: the first for the submodule capacitors and the second for the power semiconductors. Initially, the capacitance of the submodule capacitors are minimized by an iterative algorithm on the basis of three different capacitor specifications. This computation is done using the continuous converter model for converter operation neglecting circulating currents and with optimized circulating currents. In the next step, the power semiconductors are dimensioned using the discrete model and assuming a defined current factor, which describes the ideal parallel connection of several semiconductors. The losses, the loss distribution, and the junction temperatures in the power semiconductors for different load phase angles describe the behavior of the converter for different operating points
Lesnicar, Anton [Verfasser]. "Neuartiger, Modularer Mehrpunktumrichter M2C für Netzkupplungsanwendungen / Anton Lesnicar." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1161306366/34.
Full textRohner, Steffen [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung des Modularen Mehrpunktstromrichters M2C für Mittelspannungsanwendungen / Steffen Rohner." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013526260/34.
Full textSchmitt, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Modular Multilevel Converter M2C für Multiterminal HVDC / Daniel Schmitt." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1053903723/34.
Full textGalek, Marek [Verfasser]. "M2C-Converter auf Basis von MOS-Transistoren für Niederspannungsnetze / Marek Galek." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112086447X/34.
Full textTankoano, Joachim. "M2C une approche méthodique pour la conception certifiée des automatismes industriels répartis /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618842n.
Full textMÖRÉE, GUSTAV. "Experimental Comparison of Losses in a Grid-connected and M2C-fed 11kW Induction Motor." Thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-160705.
Full textDetta examensarbete analyserar effektförluster i induktionsmaskiner och hur förlusterna beror på övertonsinnehållet i den matande spänningen. Två fall kommer att jämföras, ett fall där en maskin är matad från en sinus spänning och ett fall med en modulär multinivå omvandlare (M2C). Sinusen representerar ett idealt nät medan M2C representerar ett fall med övertonsinnehåll. Användning av omvandlare för elekriska drivsystem ökar på grund av fördelarna när rotorhastighet kan varieras genom att ändra frekvensen från den matande växelriktaren. Detta ökar vanligtvis verkningsgraden på det sammanlagda systemet, men detta bidrar även med övertonsinnehåll matat till maskinen och switchförluster i omvandlaren. Låga switchförluster i omvandlaren medför oftast ett högt övertonsinnehåll som istället ökar förlusterna i maskinen. M2C är därför föreslaget som en teknik som håller övertonsinnehållet lågt medan switchförlusterna är relativt låga. Denna studie fokuserar på järnförluster, den del av de totala förlusterna som är som svårast att förutse eller mäta. De metoder som finns för att beräkna järnförlusterna är vanligtvis grova skattningar som inte tar hänsyn till inverkan från spänningens övertoninnehåll, även om järnförluster beror på övertonerna i stor utsträckning. Experimentella resultat i studien visar att förlusterna i ett M2C-matat fall inte avviker i stor utsträkning jämte ett sinusmatat fall. Skillnanen kan förklaras utifrån den lilla ökningen av järnförluster från det låga övertonsinnehållet från M2C:n. Järnförlusterna ses vara kopplade till övertonsinnehållet i spänningen.
Kothe, Sheila Isabella Karola. "Charakterisierung des murinen Zytomegalovirus MicroRNA Clusters m21/m22/M23." Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-154617.
Full textTankoano, Joachim. "M2c : une approche méthodique pour la conception certifiée des systèmes de commande des automatismes industriels répartis." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10056.
Full textRohner, Steffen [Verfasser], Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bernet, and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Marquardt. "Untersuchung des Modularen Mehrpunktstromrichters M2C für Mittelspannungsanwendungen / Steffen Rohner. Gutachter: Steffen Bernet ; Rainer Marquardt. Betreuer: Steffen Bernet." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1067189092/34.
Full textFehr, Hendrik [Verfasser], Steffen [Gutachter] Bernet, and Michael [Gutachter] Braun. "Beiträge zur Modulation, Modellbildung und Energieregelung von modularen Mehrpunktstromrichtern (M2C) / Hendrik Fehr ; Gutachter: Steffen Bernet, Michael Braun." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227833008/34.
Full textBhadra, Sankhadip. "Enhanced expression of receptor tyrosine kinase Mer (MERTK) on SOCS3-treated polarized RAW 264.7 anti-inflammatory M2c macrophages." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1566441983705439.
Full textKothe, Sheila Isabella Karola [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Koszinowski. "Charakterisierung des murinen Zytomegalovirus MicroRNA Clusters m21-m22-M23 / Sheila Isabella Karola Kothe. Betreuer: Ulrich Koszinowski." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033504505/34.
Full textSayeg, Isaac Jamil. "Caracterização microestrutural da decomposição de carbonetos eutéticos M2C em ferro fundido multicomponente do tipo Fe-2C-5V-5Cr-5Mo-5W tratados isotermicamente à 950ºC e 1.050ºC." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-10012011-112231/.
Full textMulticomponent White Cast Iron are high temperature wear resistant ferrous alloys, presenting eutectic MC and M2C carbides in their as cast structure. In the present work the decomposition microstructures of the metastable M2C carbide after heat treatments was characterized in a model multicomponent white cast iron with composition (in weight): 2 wt% C and 5 wt% of each of the carbide forming alloying elements V, Cr, Mo and W, and with the balance Fe. The model multicomponent alloy was isothermally treated at 950°C and 1.050°C for increasing time periods using a salt bath pit furnace and a muffle furnace using samples encapsulated in silica glass ampoules under vacuum. Treatment times were: 10s, 100s, 600s, 1.800s, 1 hour, 2 hours and 15 hours. Characterization techniques used were: X Ray diffraction of extracted carbides, optical microscopy metallography with selective etching techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (STEM) and selected area electrons diffraction (SAED). Besides the MC, irregular and regular-complex M2C and M7C3 described in the literature, it was found in the as cast alloy also a hitherto unknown chromium rich M2C carbide. The metastable M2C carbides decompose into M6C carbides, then M7C3 and finally globular MC with increasing temperatures and/or increasing times at heat treatment temperatures. After long times heat treatments the M7C3 carbides, spheroidize and coarsen.
NUNES, Roberto da Silva. "Números primos e a constituição do MMC e MDC." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/10514.
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Nesta pesquisa temos como objetivo elaborar uma Sequência Didática baseada em Rickenmann e sempre recorrendo a conhecimentos prévios que favoreçam a compreensão das noções de Mínimo Múltiplo Comum (MMC) e do Máximo Divisor Comum (MDC) inspirados no Crivo de Eratóstenes. Para alcançar o objetivo, assumiremos como suporte teórico a Teoria das Situações Didáticas fazendo uso de aspectos da Engenharia Didática como metodologia de pesquisa. Para elaboração da Sequência realizamos um estudo histórico com viés epistemológico abarcando as definições matemáticas à luz da Teoria dos Números, bem como a extensão dos mesmos, o conhecimento das origens e como os objetos vêm sendo pesquisados e apresentados em livros didáticos.
In this research we aim to elaborate a Didactic Sequence based on Rickenmann and always resorting to previous knowledge that favors the understanding of the notions of Minimum Common Multiple (CMM) and Maximum Common Divisor (MDC) inspired by the Sieve of Eratosthenes. In order to reach the objective, we will assume as theoretical support the Theory of Didactic Situations making use of Didactic Engineering aspects as research methodology. For the elaboration of the Sequence we carry out a historical study with epistemological bias covering the mathematical definitions in the light of Number Theory, as well as the extension of the same ones, the knowledge of the origins and how the objects have been researched and presented in didactic books.
SEDUC/PA - Secretaria de Estado de Educação
SEMEC/PA - Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Chen, Xiaohang. "Low-Power MAC design for M2M Communications in Cellular Networks: Protocols and Algorithms." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128360.
Full textMasár, Marek. "Implementace standardu IEEE 802.11ah pro přenos M2M dat." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220406.
Full textVogel, Teresa Maria [Verfasser]. "Die Expression von MHC Klasse I verwandten Genen (MIC) bei Psoriasis vulgaris / Teresa Maria Vogel." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156264642/34.
Full textMAURICIO, E. M. "Uma Proposta de Sequência Didática para o Ensino de MDC e MMC na Educação Básica." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4825.
Full textEste Trabalho consiste em uma sequência didática voltada aos professores da educação básica, principalmente, da rede pública estadual. Essa sequência trata em especial do cálculo do MDC por meio da divisão euclidiana. Aproveitamos o ensejo para discorrer um pouco sobre divisibilidade, MMC e primos. A proposta em questão é formada por 4 capítulos. Em cada em deles há uma lista de exercícios. Ao final do capítulo 4, acrescentamos uma sequência de exercícios complementares.
De, Juan Sanjuan Cristina. "Identification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related (MIC) and HFE genes in cattle." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434741.
Full textOble, Frédéric. "Intérêts et limites de l'analyse structurelle et de la méthode Delphi appliquées à l'étude de l'évolution des marchés alimentaires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_OBLE_F.pdf.
Full textUppström, Alexandra. "Effekten av substansen propylenglykol på stafylokocker från human hud." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för biomedicinsk vetenskap (BMV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43672.
Full textThe normal flora of the human skin is consisting of low pathogen bacteria, where the staphylococci are the most common bacteria. Studies show that antimicrobial substances can alter populations of skin bacteria and that these alterations can lead to critical consequences for the resistance of the skin. Propylene glycol is a substance that is classified as antimicrobial and bactericidal and the substance has a wide area of use and is frequently used as a supportive substance in various pharmaceuticals. Propylene glycol can be found in cosmetics and skincare products where it functions as moisture-binding and preservative. Normal concentrations of propylene glycol as moisture-binding substance in topicals is approximately 15 % and in cosmetics the concentration of propylene glycol is <0,1 % - >50 %. As of today, there are few scientific studies regarding the effects of propylene glycol to the bacterial flora of the human skin. The purpose of this study was to determine MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) for normal staphylococci (S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. hominis och S. capitis) included in the normal flora of the skin using various concentrations of propylene glycol. To be able to determine MIC and MBC the broth dilution method was used, where propylene glycol was diluted in various concentrations with broth in a microtiter plate. Hereafter, selected test bacteria were added and OD600 was measured during 24 hours. The results implicated that MIC and MBC for propylene glycol were 12,5 % and 25 % for common staphylococci located on the skin. At concentrations of propylene glycol of 12,5 %, visible bacterial growth of S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. hominis and S. capitis was inhibited and at 25 % a bactericidal effect occurred on the bacteria. It shall be noted that further research is needed to find out how the skin's bacteria are affected by propylene glycol and its consequences.
Hamdoun, Safa. "Algorithmes adaptatifs et efficaces de partage de ressources radio pour les communications de type MTC : cas de coexistence H2H/M2M." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1096/document.
Full textThe Internet-of-Things (IoT) refers to the ever-growing network of everyday objects that interconnect to each other or to other Internet-enabled systems via wireless sensors attached to them. IoT envisions a future where billions of smart devices will be connected and managed through a range of communication networks and cloud-based servers, enabling a variety of monitoring and control applications. Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications supported by cellular networks, also known as Machine-Type-Communications (MTC) acts as a key technology for partially enabling IoT. M2M communications is a new technology paradigm that facilitates the ubiquitous connectivity between a myriad of devices without requiring human intervention. The surge in the demand for connectivity has further challenged network operators to design novel radio resource allocation algorithms at affordable costs to handle the massive scale of MTC.Different from current radio access technologies tailored to traditional Human- to-Human (H2H) communications, the goal of this thesis is to provide novel efficient and adaptive radio resource sharing schemes for MTC under a H2H/M2M coexistence scenario. We first provide a suitable multiple access scheme to address the joint spectrum scarcity, scalability and Base Station (BS) overload issues. Toward this end, we design a group-based operation where MTC corresponds to local uplink communications between Machine-Type-Devices (MTDs), which represent a specific type of devices that do not rely on the presence of a human interface, and a Machine-Type-Head (MTH). This latter plays the role of a cluster head that relays the information to the BS. We thus address the need to aggregate M2M and Device-to-Device (D2D) technology, as one of the major components of the future evolving cellular networks. Having said that, we first propose in this thesis to model the radio resource sharing problem between MTDs and H2H users as a bipartite graph and develop a novel interference-aware graph-based radio resource sharing algorithm for MTC so as to mitigate the co-channel interference and thus enhance network efficiency. Moreover, low-complexity semi-distributed solution is investigated to alleviate the communication overhead of a centralized solution that we propose as well. Then, as a second contribution, we examine how M2M devices can share the available radio resources in cellular networks with no or limited impact on existing H2H services. Consequently, we propose a joint spectrally and power efficient radio resource sharing scheme. Convinced by the strength of the bipartite graph modeling for the resource sharing problem between H2H users and M2M devices, we empower the graph-based radio resource sharing algorithm with a novel adaptive power control feature using one of two following mechanisms: the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and the fuzzy logic. Finally, in our third contribution of this thesis, we develop a power efficient and fully-distributed radio resource sharing framework for MTC underlying cellular networks. We use game theory and model the resource sharing problem as an efficient hybrid-game where M2M devices compete for radio resources and switch opportunistically, as M2M devices are selfish in nature, between non-cooperative and cooperative games. The different derived solutions are extended to existing cellular networks, and extensive simulation studies in the context of LTE are conducted. The various simulation results show that the proposed solutions can significantly increase the efficiency of the spectrum usage, mitigate the negative effect on H2H services and save the battery life of M2M devices
Fernandes, Valesca Rodriguez. "Influência das escalas de variabilidade sinótica, submensal e intrassazonal nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América do Sul e oceanos adjacentes." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.06.17.50.
Full textIn order to identify the dominant modes of convective activity variability that act in the extratropics and tropics regions of South America (SA) and the adjacent oceans, two methods of analysis were used: the Wavelet Transform (TO) and the Principal Oscillation Pattern (POP). The daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) were used as convection proxies and refer to the period 1979 to 2016. The TO was applied in the time series of ROL in order to obtain the global power spectrum (variance) of synoptic, submonthly and intraseasonal scales. In the synoptic scale, the wavelet transform showed the most significant variances on the tropical region associated to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), in the southern region of the SA associated with the frontal systems and along regions dominated by transient systems. In the submonthly scale, the highest values of variance in the central-west and south-eastern regions of Brazil associated with the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) were observed, and it is also observed in the Western Pacific Ocean, Central and Northeastern Australia due to of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). In the intraseasonal scale, the highest values of variance were observed in the Pacific Ocean and in the Southeast and Northeast region of South America that may be associated with the presence of Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). In order to investigate dominant modes at the 10-30 and 30-60 day scales on AS and adjacent oceans used the POP method in the austral summer period from 2006 to 2016. In the submonthly scale, the most significant variability mode presents a variance of 17.1%. These modes are characterized by wave patterns that propagate from the Pacific in the eastward direction and this wave pattern seems to associate an intensified (suppressed) SACZ with suppression (intensification) of convection over southern Brazil. In the intraseasonal scale, the observed variance was 19.5% and the same oscillatory wave pattern is observed in the region of the Eastern Pacific Ocean with propagation to the southeastern and northeastern region of Brazil. In order to evaluate atmospheric circulation patterns at low and high levels and OLR, composite fields associated with the dominant mode of v300 / POP were made. In the submonthly scale, a dipole was observed between the SACZ region (associated to the highest precipitation) and southern Brazil (associated with less precipitation). In the anomaly of the wind (high levels) we highlighted a wave pattern of the South Pacific Ocean for AS. In the evolution of this pattern, one can verify the variation in the amplitude of the maxima, which indicates propagation of energy. In the mean field and wind anomaly (low levels) the presence of transient systems, the ASAS and ASPS highs, the low level jet circulation (LLJ) and the convergence of the winds associated to the SACZ, respectively, were observed. In the intraseasonal scale, the composition of the wind (300 hPa) is similar to the submonthly scale, but they differ in the position and intensity of the systems. In the OLR composition, active convection was observed in the southeastern region of Brazil, xii associated to the SACZ and also the presence of the MJO. Kinetic energy balance was analyzed for South America in order to analyze possible interactions between eddies of different time scales. Results showed that the EC distribution in the synoptic scale is mainly concentrated in mid and high latitudes along the storm tracks. The source of energy in these latitudes comes mainly from the baroclinic conversion. For the submonthly scale, the EC distribution is mainly concentrated in the South Pacific west of the Andes. The strong EC signal in this region is dominated by the energy flux convergence. In the band of storm tracks (between 40° and 50° S) the EC on the submonthly scale resembles the standard of this variable in high frequency, being dominated by the baroclinic conversion term of this scale. Finally, the distribution of EC in the South Pacific to the intrastate scale does not present a well-defined pattern, it is characterized by positive and negative signals. On the other hand, in the south of the AS and neighboring oceans there are positive signs to the west of the Andes and negatives in the Southwest Atlantic. This configuration resembles the baroclinic and barotropic conversion fields, but with opposing signs. Thus intraseasonal EC is dominated by the energy flow conversion term that is strong in that region. In this way, it is concluded that there is interaction of scales in South America and adjacent oceans, but the submonthly scale has a greater amplitude than the synoptic and intreseasonal scales in the southeastern region of Brazil.
Ferreira, Tábata Aira. "Análise multidimensional de transientes nos detectores LIGO." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.08.15.53.
Full textGravitational waves can be defined as ripples in spacetime which travel through it. They were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916 and, mathematically, come from the Field Equations solutions that are in General Relativity Theory. The first direct detection was on September 14, 2015 coming from two black holes coalescence, inaugurating the gravitational waves astronomy that may, in the future, change the way we understand the Universe and its origin. The gravitational waves have very small amplitudes, therefore, their detectors must be accurate and sensitive. LIGO, the experiment that detected the first event, is composed of two observatories and is based on the Michelson interferometer. Because LIGO has a high sensitivity, many different noises sources like instrumental, environmental and from human activities always hit it. In order to identify and control these noise sources and also remove their effects on gravitational wave searches thousands of auxiliary channels (sensors) monitor all environmental and instrumental conditions in both observatories. The identification of all noises is very important, so much that a LIGO working subgroup had developed an online platform (Gravity Spy) which classifies transients according to their morphologies. One of the great difficulties is to find out their primary origins, i.e, the transients causes. This challenge motivated this work that aimed to characterize some noise groups by t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t- SNE) algorithm which is present in the Machine Learning technique and, hence, present in the Artificial Intelligence. The algorithm for noise characterization was adapted to the LIGO data through the scikit-learn package, developed in Python. For this use, we separated data from groups of transients and created what we called glitchgrams, that is, a representation of noises morphologies in time, frequency and signal-to-noise ratio. Each glitchgram was used as input to the algorithm that satisfactorily separated noises with similar morphologies. The proposed work in the future is to characterize more transients groups and teach the machine to make a prediction and, when it receives a random transient, to be able to predict to which class such noise belongs. By knowing those groups, we will analyze auxiliary channels, organize temporally and create connection networks between causes, auxiliary channels and consequences of noises specific group. With that, we will define the pathway from which this kind of transient gets into the gravitational waves channel and, consequently, find out its origin. Once we know the transient origin, we can suggest instrumental improvements so less noisy signals would appear on the gravitational channel, making gravitational waves signals more significant, and giving an additional boost to the gravitational wave astronomy.
Silva, Maria Paula da. "Modelos de sensoriamento remoto no estudo da variabilidade espacial e sazonal da matéria orgânica dissolvida em lagos da planície de inundação do Solimões/Amazonas a partir de suas propriedades óticas." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.08.20.46.
Full textThe rivers flood pulse of the Amazonian floodplain affects the proportion of autochthonous and allochthonous Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) present in the floodplain lakes throughout the year. Given the role of DOM in the carbon cycle of aquatic ecosystems, information of its sources and spatio-temporal dynamics is crucial. This study aimed to understand DOM dynamics using optical indexes available in the literature, derived from in situ data and remote sensing models. Lakes were analyzed in two study areas: the Solimões floodplain and the low Amazon floodplain. In situ data of a$_{CDOM}$, Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration (DOC) and Remote Sensing Reflectance (RRS) were acquired in field campaigns conducted between 2015 and 2016 by the Instrumentation Laboratory for Aquatic Systems (LabISA). The shape and intensity of the a$_{CDOM}$ spectra were used to infer about DOM sources and degradation processes. In the Solimões region, significant differences were found in a$_{CDOM}$ (440) values between Buabuá and Mamirauá in the rising and the other lakes and periods. There were also differences in the shape of the spectra and value of S$_{275-295}$ between Buabuá and Mamimirauá in the rising and the others. In general, the results suggest that DOM is mainly allochthonous in the Buabuá and Mamirauá lakes during rising, while in the receding there are no significant differences in DOM properties among all the lakes analyzed. In addition, the low percentage of cloud cover in the months of the receding favors the photodegradation processes, limiting the inference of DOM origin. In the lower Amazon region, during the flood, DOM is mainly autochthonous and has lower molecular weight. In the flood and receding, DOM is more recent and present higher molecular weight, being probably originated from the vegetation around the lakes. In Lago Grande, the entrance of water from different sources makes it difficult to analyze the dynamics of DOM. The relationship between a$_{CDOM}$ and DOC only a strong linear trend (r$^{²}$ = 0.82) for Buabuá and Mamiaruá lakes, indicating that changes in DOM can affect the correlation between these variables. In the two regions, it was only possible to establish a significant relationship between a$_{CDOM}$ and S$_{275-295}$ in specific hydrograph phases: rising (Solimões and low Amazonas) and flood (low Amazonas). The RRS was simulated for OLI/ Landsat-8 and MSI/ Sentinel-2A visible bands and Monte Carlo simulation was used to calibrate the models. The models tested from the literature to estimate a$_{CDOM}$ were inefficient. The new model proposed in this work to estimate a$_{CDOM}$ in Amazon floodplain lakes obtained promising results with the use of more bands, demonstrating application potential.
Lima, Leonardo Nascimento. "Estudo das incertezas na simulação por conjuntos e no uso da assimilação de dados no oceano Atlântico Sudoeste." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.09.19.53.
Full textWhile advances in ocean modeling have produced ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) with realistic behavior, the OGCMs still incorporate uncertainties from sources such as atmospheric forcing, physical parameterizations, bathymetry, lateral boundary conditions. Data assimilation provides an important tool for correcting the numerical representation generated by the ocean model itself. This study involves the realization of ensemble experiments using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) in order to study the impact of the ocean data assimilation in the western boundary current representation in the Southwest Atlantic. Initially, ensemble experiments were conducted using only ROMS without data assimilation to investigate the uncertainties of the ocean state representation that are derived from uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing and bathymetry. The results indicated a strong influence of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone on the underlying ocean, seven days after the experiments initializations. In this ocean region, precipitation and radiation flux perturbations produced larger ensemble spread for salinity and temperature, exceeding 0.08 and 0.2 $^{°}$C, respectively. Wind perturbations extended the impact for u and v velocity components, with the spread exceeding 0.1 m s$^{-1}$. The ocean responded faster to the bathymetric perturbations especially in shallow waters, primarily due to the sigma vertical coordinate used by ROMS. Next, ensembles experiments using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter showed the importance of the TS profiles assimilation to correct the thermohaline representation, reducing the root mean square error of the T and S in 39\% (27\%). The absolute dynamic topography (ADT) assimilation was important to produce a more accurate representation of the oceanic mesoscale in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region. The assimilation of T, S, ADT and sea surface temperature produced a transport of the Brazil Current in 22$^{°}$S of 5.5 Sv and in 30$^{°}$S of 17.07 Sv while a simulation without data assimilation generated 8,90 Sv and 34,07 respectively. In general, the assimilation impact was quite positive by producing transport values that were closer to those from past studies of the western boundary current system in the study region.
Júnior, Rubens Antonio Condeles. "Estabilidade de veículos espaciais em ressonância." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.12.13.05.
Full textIn this work the stability of spacecraft in resonance is analyzed. We chose the Haumea system because it has unique properties with respect to known systems, and is considered a strong candidate to receive an exploration mission. The system was modeled considering the disturbing gravitational potential of Haumea up to degree and order six of the Legendre polynomials and also added the perturbation of its two moons, Namaka and Hiiaka. We analyze the performance of the disturbing forces of the system on the spacecraft through the perturbation integral methods. By means of the maps of the maximum eccentricity of the spacecraft orbit, of the life time of the spacecraft and of the perturbation integral, we evaluated the stability of the orbits of the spacecraft in the Haumea system. We also evaluated the stability of the orbits in mean motion resonances, 1:1 spacecraft-Hiiaka and 3:1 spacecraft-Namaka. At the end of the study, we evaluated the eccentric Kozai-Lidov mechanism in a of small bodies system and we apply to the Haumea system, we also show in which scenarios the mechanism can occur in the Haumea system.
Trevisan, Bruno Peruchi. "Um estudo experimental da interação turbulência, combustão e acústica." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.17.13.07.
Full textOne of the main problems in aerospace engine combustion is related to combustion instabilities. These instabilities are due to the coupling between combustion, acoustic and turbulence. Such instabilities can lead to vibrations, significative degradation of the combustion process and in severe cases, the engine or the propulsion system can be damaged or destroyed. The knowledge of the physical phenomena related to combustion instability provides data for evaluating physical models used in computational fluid dynamics. Laser Diagnostics are a powerful tool to study these interactions because they are non intrusive methods, with high repetition rate and high spatial and temporal resolution. In the present work an experimental study of the interaction between combustion was carried out in an unpremixed combustion chamber. The fuel used was commercial propane and the oxidant was air. The Doppler laser velocimetry technique was used to characterize the velocity field of the inert and reactive flows. The combustion chamber used is divided into two regions: the entrance region, located upstream of the fuel injectors and the main region, located downstream of the fuel injectors. The fuel is injected into the combustion chamber by three injectors, where each injector provides the fuel in the form of two flat and parallel jets. As far as the flow in the entrance region are concerned, the results show an equilibrium turbulence behavior. The presence of the unstable combustion induces a deterministic pulsation in the inlet flow. This pulsating behavior was responsible for the increase in the longitudinal velocity fluctuations. The signature of this pulsation consists of an energy peak on the energy spectral density. Concerning the flow in the main region, the inert flow showed symmetry of the mean flow and the presence of recirculation zones located at the back of the injectors. The spectral energy densities showed the presence of an energy peak, which is related to the movements associated with the emission of vortices. The presence of the combustion generated a decrease of the average length of the recirculation zones. The stable combustion presented a low energy coherent movement, characterized by the absence of a peak of energy in the spectral energy densities and a certain periodicity in the functions of temporal autocorrelation. The unstable reactive flow presented a coherent and energetic movement, characterized by a well-defined frequency energy peak at the spectral energy densities, a bimodal characteristic in the velocity distributions and periodic autocorrelation functions.
Ueda, Natalia Pellegrine. "Pirólise oxidativa e combustão da turfa de São José dos Campos." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.18.22.12.
Full textPeat fires are the largest combustion phenomena on Earth. This work presents an experimental study of the pyrolysis and combustion of peat samples collected in the municipality of São José dos Campos, in the Paraíba do Sul river valley, SP, Brazil. Firstly, the physico-chemical characteristics of the peat samples were classified and the oxidative pyrolysis and combustion by thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed. Finally, analysis of the pyrolysis and the burning of the peat in conical calorimeter were carried out, with determination of emissions, burning rates and heat release rates. Samples of fibrous, fibrous / hazy peat and turfous soil were classified. The measured moisture values ranged from 58 to 90% on wet basis, depending on the type of peat and the location and timing of sample collection. The calculated average densities of the fibrous, fibrous / hemic and turfous peat samples were, respectively, 0.541, 0.585 and 0.527 g/cm$^{3}$, whereas the solid phase densities were 1.753, 2.023 and 1.559 g/cm$^{3}$. Fibrous peat, fibrous/hemic turf and turfous soil presented, respectively, higher calorific powers around 15171, 6643 and 16800 J/g, obtained in a conventional calorimeter, and 15663, 5428 and 13581 J/g obtained by DSC. The average values of activation energy of the oxidative pyrolysis and combustion processes were, respectively, 56461, 55594 and 48400 J/mol for the fibrous, fibrous/hemic peat and the peaty soil. During burning of peat samples in a conical calorimeter, the predominance of the incandescence process was observed and maximum emission values were determined: 235 ppm of CO, 1346 ppm of CO, 3.1 ppm of NO$_{x}$ and 142 ppm of UHC in the case of fibrous peat, and 127 ppm of CO, 1135 ppm of CO$_{2}$, 5.4 ppm of NOx and 72 ppm of UHC, in the case of turfous soil. The calculated maximum heat release rates were 1245 kW/m$^{2}$ and 1206 kW/m$^{2}$ for samples of peat fibrous and peat soil, respectively.
Junqueira, Demetryus Vitale. "Táticas de reuso de software aplicáveis a sistemas espaciais de bordo." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.20.03.57.
Full textThe development process of engineering is alive and always evolving. Recurrence and time-to-market issues, for example, can affect the productivity of engineers and deserve attention. One technique already used in space agencies such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in addition to the US Department of Defense (DoD), is the Software Reuse and they recognize it as a good practice. Embedded Software experts considers that there is a relevant percentage of similarities in embedded applications with systems already developed. Therefore, in order to leverage productivity without relinquishing reliability in the development of engineering solutions and collaborate with cost reduction due to the reduction of recurrent engineering and maintenance, it is intended to present tactics to promote firmware and middleware reusability to nanosatellites on-board software projects, where It can be applied for Institutions and Companies products portfolios. The research provides as fundamentals for tactics, the state-of-the-art of known approaches, techniques and processes that leverage software reuse. The agencies has many lessons learned from the problems that faced over a long period of experience and recognize these fundamentals as best practices to failures overcome in the reuse deployment process.This research intends, as a way to exemplify the application of such tactics, to present a Case study, which promotes a driver layer functionality reuse into two nanosatellites, with the flexibility to be employed in others, respecting the conditions of this study. When it talks about reuse one must pay attention to its costs, so economic indicators will be presented, within feasibility analysis models, that can be applied before the decision, regarding the development of reusable software products. Such models will be applied in a Case study as a way of exemplifying their use.
Amado, Yasmin Matos. "Espectropolarimetria de AM Herculis utilizando o instrumento Espadons/CFHT." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.20.19.08.
Full textPolars are the magnetic cataclysmic variables that present magnetic field B & 10 MG. The high magnetic field prevents the formation of the disk, so the transferred material is channeled via the magnetic field lines of the white dwarf. AM Her, the prototype of the class, exhibits in the literature several ideas for the accretion geometry in different states of brightness.We obtained spectropolarimetric data with ESPaDOnS/CFHT for AM Her and a non polarized standard star. These data present unprecedent resolved spectropolarimetry covering the entier orbital cycle. Spectra show variations of emission lines along the orbital cycle. Its polarimetric spectrum presents depolarization in the H emission lines and circular polarization in the continuum of up to 9%. The polarized flux spectrum is smooth and presents a well defined continuum. The polarization measurements of the standard non polarimetric star are not larger than 0.03% in module for circular polarization. These results show that the instrumental polarization of ESPaDOnS/CFHT is very small, so that it is possible to measure polarization within these limits. These data obtained with ESPaDOnS/CFHT are the first to be used to calculate circular polarization on the continuum, demonstrating the instruments ability to perform such measurements.
Luiz, Eduardo Weide. "Analysis of the cloud cover variability using geostationary satellite data." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.22.18.21.
Full textUma das principais barreiras para aumentar a participação de tecnologias solares na matriz energética é sua intermitência. A energia solar apresenta grande variabilidade em diferentes escalas de tempo impulsionadas pelos ciclos naturais do sol e pelo clima. Medidas de superfície são importantes para avaliar a variabilidade em altas resoluções, mas são apenas representativas de pequenas áreas próximas aos locais de medição. Observações por satélite são uma solução para a análise em grandes áreas, no entanto com resoluções espaciais e temporais mais grosseiras. O objetivo principal desta tese foi desenvolver uma metodologia para a caracterização da variabilidade do recurso solar no território brasileiro, com foco nos efeitos das nuvens. Esta tese apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia simples, para avaliar a variabilidade da produção solar em grandes áreas utilizando apenas dados de satélite geoestacionário, sem a necessidade de modelar a irradiação solar em superfície. Inicialmente, investigou-se a relevância estatística de uma metodologia baseada em dados de satélite geoestacionário para medir a fração de cobertura de nuvens, comparando-a com os resultados de câmeras imageadoras do céu. A comparação apresentou boa concordância, com índice de correlação Pearson de 0,9. Além disso, as funções de distribuição cumulativa de ambas bases de dados foram analisadas através do teste de Kolmogorov- Smirnov demonstrando que as duas bases de dados possuem distribuições estatisticamente similares, mesmo quando apresentam resoluções temporais diferentes. Além disso, a variabilidade das taxas de variação da irradiância global em superfície foi comparada com a variabilidade da cobertura da nuvem calculada através de dados de satélite em 3 diferentes regimes climáticos brasileiros. A investigação confirmou que os períodos mais secos apresentam menor variabilidade, devido à menor presença nebulosidade. No entanto, isso não é válido para diferentes climas, porque Petrolina, o local de clima mais seco, apresentou maior variabilidade em escalas de tempo mais curtas, associada provavelmente com a rápida passagem de pequenas nuvens no local. Ao x comparar a variabilidade da cobertura de nuvens obtida através de dados de satélite com a irradiância solar global horizontal, a correlação foi de até 0,93, para a mesma resolução de tempo (30 minutos). No entanto, para taxas de variação em intervalos menores a correlação diminuiu até valores menores que 0,66. Este método tem ampla aplicação no planejamento e gerenciamento da geração de energia com tecnologia solar em países com grande extensão territorial, como o Brasil.
Pacheco, Tèhrrie Caroline König. "Identificação e análise de áreas de suscetibilidade a deslizamentos de encostas em Campos do Jordão-SP utilizando o modelo Shalstab e imagens Worldview-2." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.27.18.54.
Full textNatural hazards, occurring all over the World, may become a disaster when humans and nature interact. In Brazil, landslides triggered by heavy rainfall, are the most common phenomenon that affects the population. Due to the economic and social losses, and deaths, the identification and monitoring of risk areas are extremely important. Therefore, this study aims to identify the landslide-susceptible areas in Vila Albertina and Britador neighborhood, located at Campos do Jordão city in São Paulo state. Using the Shalstab mathematical model, which analyzes the slope stability, and satellite images from WorldView-2 sensor with Data Mining Techniques, it was identified the most susceptible areas and the main characteristics of human occupation. To achieve this goal, three scenarios were simulated for each neighborhood, changing the values of the input parameters of Shalstab. The results were consistent with the reality observed in the neighborhood and with old landslides scars. The satellite image allowed the identification of different types of human interaction in slope areas with high landslide susceptibility.
Mota, Renan Sodré. "Modelagem da perturbação na atitude de um satélite durante o procedimento de abertura dos painéis solares." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.29.14.45.
Full textThis study has the objective develop a computational tool and use it to analyze the effects of the solar array deployment procedure on artificial satellites attitude dynamics. The satellites have evolved in the last decades, meaning that more complex and flexible satellites are replacing the simpler ones. Most of the time the satellites now include the presence of flexible appendages. These appendages in this case of study are solar arrays. Essential to any mission, they must be stowed to ease the launching process and be deployed in space to provide energy for the satellites subsystems. The deployment moment is crucial, but also generates perturbations that affect the satellite attitude and must be compensated for by the control system. The studies were implemented in the SAS (Spacecraft Attitude Simulator) virtual environment. The simulator allows the user to define each step of the control process separately, meaning that the perturbation can be computed separately from the attitude dynamics and act on it as additional torques, which were calculated using a robotics approach with the Newton-Euler formulation. It also allows the user to implement its desired estimator. In this case it was used a Kalman filter to estimate the values of the satellites attitude during the deployment procedure. Results from the satellites control tests show how such perturbation affects the satellite attitude and that it should be taken into account in any mission analysis.
Sarmiento, Karen Viviana Espinosa. "Estimativa da amplitude de correntes geomagneticamente induzidas em diferentes locais no Brasil durante tempestades magnéticas do ano de 2015." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/03.29.20.56.
Full textGeomagnetically induced currents (GIC) recorded on the Earth's surface are related to extreme solar events and may represent hazardous situations for technological systems on the ground and in space. GIC effects are relatively well studied in auroral and high latitudes, but few studies have been developed in low latitudes and close to the magnetic equator. To evaluate GIC effects in Brazilian low latitude and equatorial regions and infer its possible impact on electric power transmission networks, GIC intensities were estimated in four regions during four magnetic storms occurring during 2015. Geomagnetic variations recorded during the four storms by fluxgate magnetometers operated by INPE's space weather program (EMBRACE) are available and computational codes developed to calculate GIC from the geomagnetic variations were tested using GIC values measured at a substation of a power network in central Brazil. By using available information on 1D electrical conductivity distribution below each station, geoelectric field variations were calculated during each storm. Engineering information from the transmission network were then used to estimate GIC values through the Lehtinen-Pirjola (LP) model. The maximum GIC amplitude was 8.5 𝐴, estimated at the Alta Floresta equatorial station during the main phase of the magnetic storm on June 21 (𝐷𝑠𝑡 = −204𝑛𝑇). Comparative evaluation of the results showed that effects from the geomagnetic field variation rate and the Earth's conductivity distribution are the main factors for the GIC amplitude. Enhancement of electrical conductivity in the equatorial ionosphere during daytime, associated with equatorial electrojet currents, and in the central region of the South America Magnetic Anomaly during both daytime and nighttime, associated with particle precipitation, control the maximum geomagnetic field variation rate. However, the major reason for the GIC amplitude enhancement is the electrical conductivity distribution inside the Earth, what is probably due to the low GIC values estimated in our study. Thus, the low conductance in the cratonic region of our equatorial station is the main responsible for the higher currents. Our results have also shown that the integrated conductance at crustal depths dominates GIC amplitudes, with the mantle conductivity having only a secondary effect.
Morais, André Arruda Rodrigues de. "Simulação da eletrificação e geração de relâmpagos em tempestades no Sudeste do Brasil utilizando o modelo numérico Meso-NH." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2016. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.03.17.36.
Full textIn this work the evaluation of the results from the french numeric predictin model Meso-NH coupled with the electrification scheme CELLS is analyzed. The output of the simulations were compared with observational data from thunderstorms that occurred in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, SP, Brazil, during the summer austral of 2016 - 2017. The simulated events correspond to the dates 12/03/2017, 12/25/2016 and 01/03/2017. The availability of meteorological instruments from the SOS-CHUVA project, installed in the region of study were crucial for the validation of the model. They measured the physical characteristics of the thunderstorms and provided an oportunity for the comparison of the dynamics, microphysics and electrical aspects simulated by the model. The analysis enabled the behaviour of lightning, electrification and microphysics of the model and compare them with the BrasilDAT network, S and X band meteorological radars and satellite images. As well as pointing the deficiencies of the model, identifying under or overestimations of the results. The model was successful in representing the main dynamical, microphysical and electrical features of the thunderstorms according to the observational data. From them, points out the correct spatial and temporal shown for the events 01/03/2017 and 12/03/2016, as well as the representation of the discplacement of the storm and all of its associated particles along the domain. The displacement of the observed storms was correctly represented even for the event 12/25/2016, which presented great deficiencies due to the lack of convection, probably due to erros on the input data of the model. The simulated discharges presented agreement with the observed data on their position. However, the quantity, polarity and type of discharge presented a different behaviour. The amount of lightning simulated by the model was affected by effects of the border of the domain for all events, generating artificial discharges and significantly altering the quantity of lightning. Sensitivity testes revealed few differencies on the intensity of the simulated charge centers and electric field, to which the TAKAH parametrization presented higher values for both parameters. However, the schemes exhibited oposite polarity for the charge centers, which had a large impact on the polarity of the few cloud-to-ground lightning simulated. This was the first work to simulate the electrification with the Meso-NH and CELLS scheme on the country, allowing the elaboration of new studies for the region and the nation.
Camargo, Lázaro Aparecido Pires de. "Computação de bordo para cargas úteis científicas em nano satélites." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.03.18.23.
Full textNanosatellites are being used to carry out missions originally designed for large satellites due to advances in computing and nanotechnology. In this context, INPE is interested in migrating some scientific experiments that were originally planned for microsatellites into platforms based on nanossatélites and allowing in-situ measurements. This work aims at providing a on-board computing solution to support prospective payloads from CEA-INPE (Coordination of Space Sciences). Therefore, an integrated hardware and software development methodology is proposed, typically applied to embedded systems, using directives from Systems Engineering and TDD (Test-Driven Development). A scheme employing incremental models was adopted starting from emulation, prototyping and porting for a final flight processor and its communication with a Langmuir probe, used as payload in a case study. An I2C-based on-board protocol was defined and exercised. The software libraries, based on the Mbed framework, have been written and tested so that the on-board computer (OBC-P) can manage useful scientific loads. Instances of this system were generated with applications for the NanoSatBr2 nanosatellite as well as to a prospective educational-scientific nanosatellite named Alpha-CTEE from PG-ETE.
Júnior, Moacyr Gonçalves Cereja. "Um framework para adaptação dinâmica de software aplicado a sistemas de segmento solo." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.03.19.17.
Full textSpace systems architectures are composed of three segments: space segment, ground systems and launchers. The space segment, in recent years has driven lots of technological innovations, such as cubesats. These new kinds of technologies produce impacts such as decreasing of the size of satellites and increasing the amount of objects in space. Thus, instead of adopting large satellites in space missions, constellations and mega constellations of very small satellites are used. These architectural changes produce a large number of satellites that must be controlled simultaneously and have their large amount of data processed, most of the time, in real time by the ground systems. In this work, a vast research of self-adaptive software systems was carried out, concepts and a framework called Arctic Fox are presented. Using the framework the ground systems can have their structural elements and behavior conditions changed. This adaptation is accomplished by the implementation of two fundamental knowledge classes that are used for decision making: Context Awareness (Structural) and Situational Awareness (Behavior). This knowledge is composed by several elements such as the existing system components (services), hardware elements and especially the quality of service metrics. The use of this knowledge is performed through the MAPE-K model, which provides the monitoring, analysis, planning and execution of adaptations in the ground systems. The knowledge base is updated by elements responsible for the knowledge acquisition, which reflects the inclusions and the changes of the elements states that compose the ground System architecture. In order to evaluate the proposed framework, a prototype was implemented, and a case study for the Brazilian Space Weather Program EMBRACE of INPE is conducted. The "Space Weather Systems" are responsible for the storage, processing and data dissemination of different types of instruments. In this way, situations such as some instrument data provider or server computers failure, impact the regular ground systems operation, with degradation of the service quality provided by the mission. In the stated case study, the use of the framework is exercised and through a controlled experiment the impacts of self-adaptation were analyzed. Using services calls and derived "success rate" metrics to a typical EMBRACE service, Gtex Service, availability gains was observed. The experiment demonstrates that the use of the framework contributes significantly to improve the ground systems segment quality.
Reis, João Bosco Coura dos. "Modelo hidrológico distribuído para o monitoramento de inundações na bacia do rio Sapucaí, MG." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.04.14.16.
Full textFloods are natural events that periodically occur in rivers. Anthropogenic activities and the intense and irregular occupation of river basins have exposed the population progressively to these hydrometeorological hazards. The law no. 12608, of April 10, 2012, established the National Policy on Civil Protection and Defense (PNPDEC abbreviation in Portuguese) in Brazil, authorizing the creation of disaster monitoring systems, as a measure for the prevention and mitigation of the risk situation. The monitoring of floods involves primarily the study and characterization of river basin hydrological responses, which can be done by models. In this context, the objective of this study was to examine the reliability of the spatially distributed LISFLOOD model to estimate the discharge, focusing on flood events, of a section of the Sapucaí river basin in the south of Minas Gerais. Additionally, the reliability of two satellite precipitation products (TRMM 3B42 and Hydroestimator) was investigated as a source of information for model applications. For this, observed precipitation data step from January 2007 until December 2009 at a daily time was used to drive the LISFLOOD model during the calibration procedure. The main results showed that satellite precipitation products are better suited for applications on a monthly scale than on the daily scale, and that improvements in precipitation estimates are necessary to reduce the errors and uncertainties present in daily products. The calibration of LISFLOOD by the open source hydroPSO R package allowed, up to a certain extent, the compensation of errors and uncertainties in model input data, by obtaining the best set of parameter values to represent the basin hydrological responses to rainfall events. However, new settings in the calibration process can be made to improve simulation results. The simulations with the LISFLOOD model during the validation period showed that, in general, the model was able to simulate the discharge of the Sapucaí River from observed precipitation data and from the two satellite products. However, the simulations with the satellite products presented errors that are associated with the quality of the satellite products in representing precipitation in the region. In conclusion, the work demonstrated the application of the LISFLOOD model for the simulation of hydrological responses of the Sapucaí river basin, a region that is recurrently affected by floods, which makes the results found here essential, since they may support future work aimed at providing more information on the hydrological condition of the Sapucaí River.
Montibeller, Bruno. "Análise espectro-temporal das culturas de milho, soja e cana-de-açúcar com dados de sensor OLI/Landsat-8." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.05.12.40.
Full textAgriculture, besides providing food and energy, is one of the most prominent economic activities in Brazilian exports. Products derived from soy, corn and sugar cane are some examples of exported agricultural commodities. Thus, information related to the acreage and the production of these crops are essential, since this affects the price of these products. The adoption of remote sensing data for research in agricultural areas is a viable and complementary alternative to current surveying methods, providing updated and continuous information. These surveys generally use spectral information as the main variable for several purposes such as mapping, forecast yield, biomass estimation, etc. However, different management practices (with or without irrigation, planting time, etc.) employed in the production process can alter the spectral characteristics of the crop. In this sense, the present work has as hypothesis that the intraspecific spectral variation of corn, soybean and sugarcane from multitemporal OLI sensor spectral data, is smaller than the interspecific variation, independently of the management practices adopted during crops development. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the spectrumtemporal profile of soybean, maize and sugarcane crops grown in an area of the mesoregion of Campinas, SP, in two full agricultural years (2014/2015 and 2015/2016 ), from OLI/Landsat-8 sensor images, and to verify the spectral-temporal differences of the cultures. Time series of OLI images were used to acquire the spectrum-temporal profile of the three species cultivated at different times (springsummer and summer-fall) and under different management (irrigated and nonirrigated). Six spectral bands (B2-B7) of the OLI sensor and two vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI) were used, which were calculated from the reflectance value of the bands. Based on the spectral-temporal information (bands and vegetation indices), a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed. From the results, it was possible to identify that the spectral bands (B2-B7) were more efficient when compared with the vegetation indexes, for the division and generation of clusters of each culture, thus, to analyze the influence of cultural practices. In addition, a set of spectral bands, formed by the three bands (B5-B6-B4) commonly used for visual interpretation of agricultural targets, generated the same result of the analysis based on the six bands. With the results, it is possible to infer that the intraspecific spectrum-temporal variation is smaller than the interspecific spectral-temporal variation, independently of the management practices employed.
Bertani, Gabriel. "Sazonalidade da fotossíntese estimada a partir de dados de fluorescência de clorofila na Amazônia." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.06.14.35.
Full textAmazonia is the world largest tropical forest, playing a key role in the global carbon cycle. Thus, understanding climate controls of photosynthetic activity in this region is critical. The establishment of the relationship between photosynthetic activity and climate has been controversial when based on conventional remote sensing-derived indices, such as the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) e o Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Here, the seasonality of a temporal series (2007-2015) of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) sensor was obtained by using the Breaks in Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) algorithm (VERBESSELT et al., 2010). ChlF was used as a direct proxy for photosynthesis, to assess the seasonal response of photosynthetic activity to solar radiation and precipitation in Amazonia. The relationship between photosynthesis seasonality and incident radiation and precipitation was obtained by using a Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLRM). Photosynthesis was modelled by using as predictors: a) remote sensing based precipitation data, derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) (HUFFMAN et al., 2007), and b) surface incident shortwave radiation reanalysis data, derived from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) (RODELL et al., 2004). Photosynthesis seasonality in Amazonia is predominately controlled by insolation increase (76% of the total area) and precipitation increase (13% of the total area). Photosynthesis tends to rise only after radiation increases in 61% of the forests. Furthermore, photosynthesis peaks in the wet season in about 58% of the Amazon forest. We found that a threshold of ≈ 2000 mm per year can be defined as a limit for precipitation phenological dependence. Amazonian forests that have the photosynthetic seasonality controlled by precipitation increases may be more threatened by the projected climatic changes.
Silva, Sérgio Luís de Andrade. "Metodologia STH/SD: combinando a Teoria Stakeholder (STH) e a metodologia System Dynamics (SD) em um framework de modelagem, aplicado à análise e simulação de sistemas organizacionais complexos e dinâmicos." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.09.13.12.
Full textThis thesis presents a new methodology for modeling and simulation of complex and dynamic systems that can be used as an aid in the process of resource management and decision making. The new methodology was named STH/SD Methodology and uses the Stakeholders Theory (STH T.) and the System Dynamics Methodology (SD M.) as seminal elements for the construction of its basic structure. The STH/SD Methodology is presented through Workflows and Frameworks, which combine the STH T. and SD M. to produce lean models that capture, from the system under analysis, its most relevant STHs, its network of interactions and the dynamics of its behaviour. The STH/SD Methodology allows to explain the main activities of each STH involved in the system, and suggests that such activities be organized and translated into elements of dynamic modeling and represented by a STHs network, with a typical architecture of SD M. (the stocks and flows diagrams). Through the simulation of the models it is possible to know the dynamics of the behavior of the STHs and consequently of the system, it is possible to study potential scenarios of performance for the system and its sensitivity to the potential changes/disturbances in its elements. To explain the usefulness of the methodology, it was applied to a case study where the structure of STHs of the Brazilian Space Program was modeled and possible future scenarios for the program were simulated.
Santos, Jéssica Domingues. "Mobilidade urbana em um dia típico - (geo)grafos variantes no tempo." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.17.13.57.
Full textA complex system can be modeled through the complex network concept that, by using graphs, represents a connection set with topological characteristics which are neither completely regular nor completely random. In sociology, biology, urban mobility and many other areas those characteristics show similarities which are useful for the reuse of the solutions from the models generalization. This work focused in the problem of Urban mobility, which in an unplanned urban growth scenario might generate negative impacts, like traffic jams, air pollution and infrastructure flaws. Based on real data for the city of São José dos Campos, the mobility of a typical day was represented. These data consist of an Origin-Destination survey: the city was divided into 55 traffic zones and more than 20 thousand people were asked about the time of departure and arrival of each trip. The development was divided in 3 steps, pre-processing, processing and post-processing. In preprocessing, an origin destination graph was generated with a 3-dimension matrix representation, in language C++, in which each vertex represents a traffic zone and the edges are weighted by the flux of people, with 24 time variations, one for each hour of the day. In the processing, in C, the igraph library was used to calculate the topological properties such as degree (number of connections), clustering coefficient (neighbors redundancy) and diameter (longest distance) of a network of mobility over a typical day and we also applied the textit walktrap algorithm for community detection. In the post-processing, using the concept of (geo) graphs, graphs represented with geolocation, the GeoCNet was developed. It is a tool that allows the creation of a textit shapefile with the topological properties of the graph. The results of the dynamic behavior of urban mobility showed cohesive values of the calculated topological properties, highlighting areas with more concentrated flow and the analysis revealed that some communities persist throughout the day.
Gonçalves, Liana Dias. "Trajetórias perturbadas por forças de origem gravitacional e não gravitacional aplicadas a um satélite artificial na vizinhança de Marte, Fobos e Deimos." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.17.17.02.
Full textThe moons system of Mars, composed by Phobos and Deimos, has some special features which represent an interesting study objective: Phobos and Deimos have orbits near to Mars whose orbital radius are approximately 9000 km and 23000 km respectively, in addition these bodies are characterized by irregular shapes. Thus, a mission aiming to orbit one of the natural satellites of Mars, whether for a rapid overflight or landing on the surface, is subject to intense orbital disturbance due to the Mars gravitational attraction, which makes it significantly difficult to maintain the artificial satellite in a stable orbit around the moons for a long period of time. Besides, the non-spherical shape of the moons makes their gravitational field not central. Taking into account the difficulties mentioned, the present work seeks to find cases where it is possible to keep the satellite near to the moons for the maximum possible time. For this study was considered the perturbation due to the gravitational potential of Mars, considering the expansion of the spherical harmonics up to degree and order 80 and a polyhedral model for the mass distribution of Phobos, and also the gravitational attraction of the Sun and Deimos for the case of the satellite in the Phobos vicinity, and Phobos for the case of the satellite in the Deimos vicinity. Therefore this study intends to contribute to the search for trajectories in the Phobos and Deimos vicinity, as well as to study how to maneuver the vehicle so as to bring it closer to the surface of the moon, which are significantly important knowledge for missions that aim to overflight and landing.
Costa, Izabelly Carvalho da. "Influências das propriedades microfísicas e radiativas das nuvens nas incertezas das estimativas de precipitação por sensores remotos passivos." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.26.12.59.
Full textEstimates of surface precipitation obtained from passive microwave sensors over land are closely related to the ice path present in the clouds. However, there are cloud types without any ice or with an ice layer not thick enough to justify the associated rainfall. For these cloud types, the precipitation is not estimated correctly, causing an underestimation in the precipitation. On the other hand, there are cases of deep clouds, in which the signal produced by ice scattering is not effectively associated with precipitation, producing, in turn, an overestimate rainfall. This study analyzes cases that have large errors in the rainfall estimates obtained from passive microwave data to better understand and potentially mitigate these biases. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part uses data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, specifically the sensors PR (Precipitation Radar), TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and LIS (Lightning Imaging Sensor). Ten years of TRMM data (2002-2011) are used in the analysis. The study area is approximately 1,110,000 km2, centered on the city of Manaus in the Amazon region. The error distribution resembled a Gaussian distribution. The error population was then divided into three categories, one class denominated as consistent, in the center of the distribution (20 percentile to 80 percentile), and the others two, as under- and over-estimated populations, representing the tails of the distribution. For over- and under estimated categories, the vertical structure of the clouds was evaluated. The underestimation error is correlated with almost all cloud properties (rain rate, cloud top, LiquidWater path (LWP), IceWater Path (IWP), polarization and Polarization Corrected Temperature at 85 GHZ (PCT85) while the overestimation error is only function of the IWP. The use of combinations of low and high frequency channels was able to identify some characteristics associated with under- and over-estimated cases. A high positive difference between the 10 GHz and 85 GHz as well as 19 GHz and 85 GHz is characteristic of very high scattering at 85 GHz (high amount of ice) and small liquid water amounts corresponding to cases that are often overestimated by the radiometer. On the other hand, underestimated cases have smaller ice particles that are not sensitive to the high frequency microwaves channels measured by TMI. In the second part of the work, data from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite were used for the period from September 2014 to August 2015, covering an area that extend the Andes Cordillera and the northeast coast of Brazil. Due to the performance of different meteorological systems in the study region, knowledge of the variability of the clouds macrophysical and microphysical parameters becomes necessary when satellite rainfall estimation is to be evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of the relationship between IWP and rain rate for different regions and seasons, as well as the error in the rainfall estimation and the IWP estimators. First, the area was divided into four smaller areas that presented similar characteristics of the precipitation and topography. For each area, the RR, the IWP and the relationship between RR-IWP, determined using the GPROF (Goddard Profiling Algorithm) and CMB (Combined Radar-Radiometer Algorithm) algorithms were evaluated according to the type of precipitation, quarter of the year and rain type. The results showed that there is an overestimation of the GPROF for low values of precipitation and IWP, in most areas and seasons, and an underestimate for larger values, especially for convective cases. The relationship between the surface precipitation rate and the IWP was consistent seasonally and spatially. An evaluation of the IWP estimate by the GPROF showed the reason for the errors found in the estimates. This evaluation revealed that there is a problem in the determination of IWP by GPROF, caused by the use of the Bayesian method, which tends to adjust the lower values, which occur less frequently, to lower values that have a greater sampling of data. These results open potential new avenues to improve the quality of passive microwave rainfall estimates.
Zarzur, Antonio Maurício. "Métodos IMEX para integração temporal da Equação de Burgers." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.26.15.43.
Full textComputational simulations are based on mathematical models developed for certain phenomena. The numerical solution of partial differential equations requires the choice of a method for time integration capable of stably simulating the evolution of a problem. There are methods that are more suitable to certain classes of phenomena, and therefore no single, general method can be applied to every problem. Both accuracy and stability of the chosen method must be taken into account, as well as its computational efficiency. Generally speaking, time integration schemes are categorized as either implicit or explicit. Each of these broad families presents pros and cons when solving certain classes of problems. A more modern approach, called IMEX, seeks to combine the advantages of each strategy to solve equations containing both fast and slow time-scales in a way that the slow terms can be solved explicitly, while the slow terms are solved implicitly. This results in a combination of different schemes with the goal of optimizing processing time by avoiding unnecessarily small time steps for the fast terms. This dissertation utilizes this approach in solving the viscous Burgers equation as a test case for such methods, analyzing their accuracy and computational performance. Burgers equation is one of the fundamental equations in fluid dynamics which essentially simplifies the Navier-Stokes equations by removing the pressure gradient terms and continuity equation, thus serving diverse practical applications. Because its exact solution is known, comparisons can be drawn between the accuracy of the proposed IMEX schemes and that of more traditional implicit or explicit schemes. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate their ability to simulate the problem with the same order of accuracy achieved by traditional means, while extending the stability conditions beyond the reach of purely explicit schemes.
Silveira, Hilton Luís Ferraz da. "Uso de dados do sensor MSI/Sentinel-2 e de LiDAR aerotransportado para mapeamento de fitofisionomias de caatinga e estudo das relações com atributos físico-químicos dos solos." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.26.18.25.
Full textCaatinga is a natural semi-arid vegetation type, which occupies great part of northeastern region of Brazil. This ecosystem contains a variety of phytophysiognomies of difficult mapping with their occurrence influenced by local rainfall and soil attributes. This work verified the potential use of multi-temporal data from the MSI/Sentinel-2, obtained in four dates between 2015 and 2016 (rainy to dry seasons), along with LiDAR observations, for mapping seven Caatinga´s phytophysiognomies in a study area located in the state of Pernambuco. Using a vegetation reference map and Random Forest (RF) classification, eventual gains in classification accuracy have been evaluated from multi-temporal over mono-temporal MSI data (rainy and dry seasons); from adding vegetation indices into the analyses; and from inserting LiDAR metrics into the classification. The relationships between the mapped vegetation by RF and 20 physico-chemical attributes of 75 soil profiles were studied by using principal component analysis (PCA) and ordinary kriging. The results showed that: (a) there were no differences in classification accuracy between the dry and rainy seasons; (b) multi-temporal data improved classification accuracy compared to mono-temporal observations; (c) a smaller number of vegetation indices had similar classification performance than a greater number of reflectance of bands; and (d) LiDAR metrics improved classification accuracy of arboreous and sub-shrub classes (11,1% and 10,7% respectively). Statistically significant differences were observed in organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, water retention at field capacity, horizon thickness, soil porosity and rock fragments (% pebble, gravel, fine-earth fraction) between these two types of phytophysiognomies (arboreous and sub-shrub classes).