Relevant bibliographies by topics / M3R

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'M3R'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 January 2023
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "M3R"

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Liu, Hongtao, Josefa Hofmann, Inbar Fish, Benjamin Schaake, Katrin Eitel, Amelie Bartuschat, Jonas Kaindl, et al. "Structure-guided development of selective M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 47 (November 7, 2018): 12046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813988115.

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Drugs that treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by antagonizing the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) have had a significant effect on health, but can suffer from their lack of selectivity against the M2R subtype, which modulates heart rate. Beginning with the crystal structures of M2R and M3R, we exploited a single amino acid difference in their orthosteric binding pockets using molecular docking and structure-based design. The resulting M3R antagonists had up to 100-fold selectivity over M2R in affinity and over 1,000-fold selectivity in vivo. The crystal structure of the M3R-selective antagonist in complex with M3R corresponded closely to the docking-predicted geometry, providing a template for further optimization.
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Xie, Guofeng, Cinthia Drachenberg, Masahisa Yamada, Jürgen Wess, and Jean-Pierre Raufman. "Cholinergic agonist-induced pepsinogen secretion from murine gastric chief cells is mediated by M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 289, no. 3 (September 2005): G521—G529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00105.2004.

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Muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms play a key role in stimulating gastric pepsinogen secretion. Studies using antagonists suggested that the M3 receptor subtype (M3R) plays a prominent role in mediating pepsinogen secretion, but in situ hybridization indicated expression of M1 receptor (M1R) in rat chief cells. We used mice that were deficient in either the M1 (M1R−/−) or M3 (M3R−/−) receptor or that lacked both receptors (M1/3R−/−) to determine the role of M1R and M3R in mediating cholinergic agonist-induced pepsinogen secretion. Pepsinogen secretion from murine gastric glands was determined by adapting methods used for rabbit and rat stomach. In wild-type (WT) mice, maximal concentrations of carbachol and CCK caused a 3.0- and 2.5-fold increase in pepsinogen secretion, respectively. Maximal carbachol-induced secretion from M1R−/− mouse gastric glands was decreased by 25%. In contrast, there was only a slight decrease in carbachol potency and no change in efficacy when comparing M3R−/− with WT glands. To explore the possibility that both M1R and M3R are involved in carbachol-mediated pepsinogen secretion, we examined secretion from glands prepared from M1/3R−/− double-knockout mice. Strikingly, carbachol-induced pepsinogen secretion was nearly abolished in glands from M1/3R−/− mice, whereas CCK-induced secretion was not altered. In situ hybridization for murine M1R and M3R mRNA in gastric mucosa from WT mice revealed abundant signals for both receptor subtypes in the cytoplasm of chief cells. These data clearly indicate that, in gastric chief cells, a mixture of M1 and M3 receptors mediates cholinergic stimulation of pepsinogen secretion and that no other muscarinic receptor subtypes are involved in this activity. The development of a murine secretory model facilitates use of transgenic mice to investigate the regulation of pepsinogen secretion.
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Tuomi, Jari M., Peter Chidiac, and Douglas L. Jones. "Evidence for enhanced M3 muscarinic receptor function and sensitivity to atrial arrhythmia in the RGS2-deficient mouse." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 298, no. 2 (February 2010): H554—H561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00779.2009.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia seen in general practice. Muscarinic ACh receptors (M2R, M3R) are involved in vagally induced AF. M2R and M3R activate the heterotrimeric G proteins, Gi and Gq, respectively, by promoting GTP binding, and these in turn activate distinct K+ channels. Signaling is terminated by GTP hydrolysis, a process accelerated by regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins. RGS2 is selective for Gq and thus may regulate atrial M3R signaling. We hypothesized that knockout of RGS2 (RGS2−/−) would render the atria more susceptible to electrically induced AF. One-month-old male RGS2−/− and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were instrumented for intracardiac electrophysiology. Atrial effective refractory periods (AERPs) were also determined in the absence and presence of carbachol, atropine, and/or the selective M3R antagonist darifenacin. Susceptibility to electrically induced AF used burst pacing and programmed electrical stimulation with one extrastimulus. Real-time RT-PCR measured atrial and ventricular content of RGS2, RGS4, M2R, M3R, and M4R mRNA. AERP was lower in RGS2−/− compared with WT mice in both the high right atrium (HRA) (30 ± 1 vs. 34 ± 1 ms, P < 0.05) and mid right atrium (MRA) (21 ± 1 vs. 24 ± 1 ms, P < 0.05). Darifenacin eliminated this difference (HRA: 37 ± 2 vs. 39 ± 2 ms, and MRA: 30 ± 2 vs. 30 ± 1, P > 0.4). RGS2−/− were more susceptible than WT mice to atrial tachycardia/fibrillation (AT/F) induction (11/22 vs. 1/25, respectively, P < 0.05). Muscarinic receptor expression did not differ between strains, whereas M2R expression was 70-fold higher than M3R ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that RGS2 is an important cholinergic regulator in the atrium and that RGS2−/− mice have enhanced susceptibility to AT/F via enhanced M3 muscarinic receptor activity.
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Rossi, Mario, Inigo Ruiz de Azua, Luiz F. Barella, Wataru Sakamoto, Lu Zhu, Yinghong Cui, Huiyan Lu, et al. "CK2 acts as a potent negative regulator of receptor-mediated insulin release in vitro and in vivo." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 49 (November 23, 2015): E6818—E6824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519430112.

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate virtually all physiological functions including the release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. β-Cell M3 muscarinic receptors (M3Rs) are known to play an essential role in facilitating insulin release and maintaining proper whole-body glucose homeostasis. As is the case with other GPCRs, M3R activity is regulated by phosphorylation by various kinases, including GPCR kinases and casein kinase 2 (CK2). At present, it remains unknown which of these various kinases are physiologically relevant for the regulation of β-cell activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that inhibition of CK2 in pancreatic β-cells, knockdown of CK2α expression, or genetic deletion of CK2α in β-cells of mutant mice selectively augmented M3R-stimulated insulin release in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies showed that this effect was associated with an M3R-mediated increase in intracellular calcium levels. Treatment of mouse pancreatic islets with CX4945, a highly selective CK2 inhibitor, greatly reduced agonist-induced phosphorylation of β-cell M3Rs, indicative of CK2-mediated M3R phosphorylation. We also showed that inhibition of CK2 greatly enhanced M3R-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets. Finally, CX4945 treatment protected mice against diet-induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in an M3R-dependent fashion. Our data demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the physiological relevance of CK2 phosphorylation of a GPCR and suggest the novel concept that kinases acting on β-cell GPCRs may represent novel therapeutic targets.
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Haberberger, Rainer, Reas Scholz, Wolfgang Kummer, and Michaela Kress. "M2-Receptor Subtype Does Not Mediate Muscarine-Induced Increases in [Ca2+]i in Nociceptive Neurons of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 1934–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.4.1934.

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Multiple muscarinic receptor subtypes are present on sensory neurons that may be involved in the modulation of nociception. In this study we focused on the presence of the muscarinic receptor subtypes, M2 and M3 (M2R, M3R), in adult rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at the functional ([Ca2+]i measurement), transcriptional (RT-PCR), and translational level (immunohistochemistry). After 1 day in culture exposure of dissociated medium-sized neurons (20–35 μm diam) to muscarine was followed by rises in [Ca2+]i in 76% of the neurons. The [Ca2+]i increase was absent after removal of extracellular calcium and did not desensitize after repetitive application of the agonist. This rise in [Ca2+]i may be explained by the expression of M3R, which can induce release of calcium from internal stores via inositoltrisphospate. Indeed the effect was antagonized by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine as well as by the M3R antagonist, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-(2 chloroethyl)-piperidine hydrochloride (4-DAMP). The pharmacological identification of M3R was corroborated by RT-PCR of total RNA and single-cell RT-PCR, which revealed the presence of mRNA for M3R in lumbar DRG and in single sensory neurons. In addition, RT-PCR also revealed the expression of M2R, which did not seem to contribute to the calcium changes since it was not prevented by the M2 receptor antagonist, gallamine. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of M2R and M3R in medium-sized lumbar DRG neurons that also coexpressed binding sites for the lectin I-B4, a marker for mainly cutaneous nociceptors. The occurrence of muscarinic receptors in putative nociceptive I-B4-positive neurons suggests the involvement of these acetylcholine receptors in the modulation of processing of nociceptive stimuli.
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Maeda, Shoji, Qianhui Qu, Michael J. Robertson, Georgios Skiniotis, and Brian K. Kobilka. "Structures of the M1 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor/G-protein complexes." Science 364, no. 6440 (May 9, 2019): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw5188.

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein–coupled receptors that respond to acetylcholine and play important signaling roles in the nervous system. There are five muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1R to M5R), which, despite sharing a high degree of sequence identity in the transmembrane region, couple to different heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) to transmit signals. M1R, M3R, and M5R couple to the Gq/11 family, whereas M2R and M4R couple to the Gi/o family. Here, we present and compare the cryo–electron microscopy structures of M1R in complex with G11 and M2R in complex with GoA. The M1R-G11 complex exhibits distinct features, including an extended transmembrane helix 5 and carboxyl-terminal receptor tail that interacts with G protein. Detailed analysis of these structures provides a framework for understanding the molecular determinants of G-protein coupling selectivity.
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Nakajima, Kenichiro, Shalini Jain, Inigo Ruiz de Azua, Sara M. McMillin, Mario Rossi, and Jürgen Wess. "Minireview: Novel Aspects of M3 Muscarinic Receptor Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells." Molecular Endocrinology 27, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2013-1084.

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The release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a considerable number of G protein–coupled receptors. During the past several years, we have focused on the physiological importance of β-cell M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M3Rs). At the molecular level, the M3R selectively activates G proteins of the Gq family. Phenotypic analysis of several M3R mutant mouse models, including a mouse strain that lacks M3Rs only in pancreatic β-cells, indicated that β-cell M3Rs play a key role in maintaining blood glucose levels within a normal range. Additional studies with transgenic M3R mouse models strongly suggest that strategies aimed to enhance signaling through β-cell M3Rs may prove useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. More recently, we analyzed transgenic mice that expressed an M3R-based designer receptor in a β-cell–specific fashion, which enabled us to chronically activate a β-cell Gq-coupled receptor by a drug that is otherwise pharmacologically inert. Drug-dependent activation of this designer receptor stimulated the sequential activation of Gq, phospholipase C, ERK1/2, and insulin receptor substrate 2 signaling, thus triggering a series of events that greatly improved β-cell function. Most importantly, chronic stimulation of this pathway protected mice against experimentally induced diabetes and glucose intolerance, induced either by streptozotocin or by the consumption of an energy-rich, high-fat diet. Because β-cells are endowed with numerous receptors that mediate their cellular effects via activation of Gq-type G proteins, these findings provide a rational basis for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs targeting this class of receptors.
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Gautam, Dinesh, Inigo Ruiz de Azua, Jian Hua Li, Jean-Marc Guettier, Thomas Heard, Yinghong Cui, Huiyan Lu, et al. "Beneficial Metabolic Effects Caused by Persistent Activation of β-Cell M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Transgenic Mice." Endocrinology 151, no. 11 (September 15, 2010): 5185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0519.

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Previous studies have shown that β-cell M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M3Rs) play a key role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin release. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term, persistent activation of β-cell M3Rs can improve glucose tolerance and ameliorate the metabolic deficits associated with the consumption of a high-fat diet. To achieve the selective and persistent activation of β-cell M3Rs in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that expressed the Q490L mutant M3R in their pancreatic β-cells (β-M3-Q490L Tg mice). The Q490L point mutation is known to render the M3R constitutively active. The metabolic phenotypes of the transgenic mice were examined in several in vitro and in vivo metabolic tests. In the presence of 15 mm glucose and the absence of M3R ligands, isolated perifused islets prepared from β-M3-Q490L Tg mice released considerably more insulin than wild-type control islets. This effect could be completely blocked by incubation of the transgenic islets with atropine (10 μm), an inverse muscarinic agonist, indicating that the Q490L mutant M3R exhibited ligand-independent signaling (constitutive activity) in mouse β-cells. In vivo studies showed that β-M3-Q490L Tg mice displayed greatly improved glucose tolerance and increased serum insulin levels as well as resistance to diet-induced glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. These results suggest that chronic activation of β-cell M3Rs may represent a useful approach to boost insulin output in the long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Ruffino-Netto, Antonio. "Avaliação do excesso de casos de tuberculose atribuídos a infecção HIV/AIDS: ensaio preliminar." Revista de Saúde Pública 29, no. 4 (August 1995): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101995000400004.

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Propõe-se realizar um exercício de estimação do risco atribuível por cento (RA%) da ocorrência de casos de tuberculose na vigência da co-infecção HIV/AIDS. A seguinte fórmula é apresentada: RA%= p[m2r (hR-h)] + (1-p)[m3r (hR-h)] / p[m1+m2r (hR+1+h)] + (1-p)[m3r (hR+1-h)] x 100 onde: p = proporção infectados pelo BK; r = risco de infecção tuberculosa; h = proporção de infectados pelo HIV; m1 = coeficiente de morbidade reativação endógena; m2 = coeficientes de morbidade de reinfecção exógena; m3 = coeficiente de morbidade tuberculose primária; R = risco relativo de morbidade entre infectados pelo HIV.
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Shinnar, Avraham, David Cunningham, Vijay Saraswat, and Benjamin Herta. "M3R." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 5, no. 12 (August 2012): 1736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/2367502.2367513.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "M3R"

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Huynh, Huy. "Role of IgG1 M3R autoantibodies in secretory dysfunction of Sjögren's syndrome." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024871.

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Free, Nicole Lynn. "HI in the M31/M33 Environment." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1288384890.

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Peterson, Karen R. "Expression of the murine chromobox-containing genes M31 and M32." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29110.

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Somatically heritable change in regional chromatin structure leading to transcriptional inactivation is observed in a variety of organisms. Euchromatic and heterochromatic domains have been proposed to be formed and maintained by the action of nonhistone chromosomal proteins that either bind directly to DNA or are members of chromatin binding protein complexes. The nonhistone chromosomal proteins M31 and M32 are candidate inducer or maintenance genes of repressed chromatin states in the mouse. I have investigated M31 gene organization and M31 and M32 gene expression to further examine the possible role of these genes in the formation or maintenance of heterochromatic domains. Investigation of the organization of the M31 gene reveals that at least five M31 transcripts are produced by alternative splicing of 9 exons and/or premature termination with polyadenylation. Several transcripts are present before cytologically visible heterochromatin is detected, suggesting that the products of these transcripts have a role in the formation of heterochromatic domains. M32 produces only one transcript whose tissue pattern of expression is similar to that of M31.
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Simbrunner, Philipp, and Bodo B. Schlegelmilch. "Moral licensing: a culture-moderated meta-analysis." Springer, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11301-017-0128-0.

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Moral licensing is a cognitive bias, which enables individuals to behave immorally without threatening their self-image of being a moral person. We investigate this phenomenon in a cross-cultural marketing context. More specifically, this paper addresses the questions (i) how big moral licensing effects typically are and (ii) which factors systematically influence the size of this effect. We approach these questions by conducting a meta-analysis and a meta-regression. Based on a random effects model, the point estimate for the generalized effect size Cohen's d is 0.319 (SE = 0.046; N = 106). Results of a meta-regression advance theory, by showing for the first time that both cultural background and type of comparison explain a substantial amount of the total variation of the effect size of moral licensing. Marketing practitioners wishing to capitalize on moral licensing effects should therefore consider cross-cultural difference, since marketing measures building on this effect may lead to different revenues in different countries.
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Baluchova´, Katari´na. "In vitro and in vivo studies of murine cytomegalovirus mutated in M34 and M35 ORFs." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408937.

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Cytomegalovirus is an important human pathogen causing life-threatening and debilitating disorders in some immunocompromised individuals. This double-stranded DNA betaherpesvirus is one of the largest and most complex viruses which establishes latency in the host. Treatment available for symptomatic patients is limited and development of new antiviral strategies is highly desired. Understanding of the virulence and pathogenesis of HCMV requires functional analysis of at least 164 gene products. Due to the species-specificity of HCMV and its inability to replicate in animals, functional analysis of HCMV encoded gene products relies on studies of animal CMVs in their natural hosts. Murine CMV (MCMV) shares a high degree of sequence homology with HCMV and has a similar biology in causing acute and latent infection and disease in mice. Analysis of gene function became more practical with the availability of MCMV cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) plasmid. Phenotypic characterisation of recombinant viruses disrupted in the M34 or M35 ORF, the homologues of HCMV UL34 and UL35 ORF respectively, is presented here. Infectious viruses reconstructed from the mutated BAC plasmids, the mM34 and mM35, had the expected genome rearrangements as indicted by restriction enzyme analysis, PCR and partial sequencing. In vitro, mM34 and mM35 viruses were attenuated in their replication when inoculated at a low and a high multiplicity of infection when compared to the parental virus. Similarly, these viruses were severely restricted in their replication in immunodeficient SCID mice and did not kill mice up to 28 days post-inoculation. Comparison of the predicted M34 and M35 gene products with related betaherpesviruses suggests that the M34 protein plays a role in transcriptional regulation of viral replication and the M35 protein is a component of the tegument.
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Yan, Fan. "Theoretically total bandwidth conserving locality in Distributed Storage System." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsteori, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-160952.

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Distributed storage systems provide fast and reliable access to data by intro- ducing redundancy for stored les. The most common approach of adding re- dundant information is by repetition and erasure codes. Two main processes in a distributed storage system are reconstruction of original le and regenerat- ing a new node. These two processes require bandwidth, which are termed as reconstruction-bandwidth and repair-bandwidth. The current literature treat- s these two processes separately. That is, there are methods to reduce the reconstructing bandwidth without considering the repair-bandwidth, and also there are methods to reduce the repair-bandwidth. We study these two pro- cesses together and try to jointly minimize the reconstruction-bandwidth and repair-bandwidth. We observe a method that has the minimum reconstruction- bandwidth might have large amount of repair-bandwidth and vice versa. We propose codes which minimizes the sum of the repair-bandwidth and reconstruction- bandwidth. The main contribution of this thesis is nding an value of repair locality r (number of nodes connected during node repair) and devising two coding meth- ods in which total bandwidth approximates to be half reduced compared with MSR and MBR when k ! 1 under the condition that 1 6 r 6 k.
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Marin, Matthieu. "Xénobiotique et détoxication cellulaire : couplage d'un mécanisme de détoxication cellulaire de type MDR/MXR à des courants chlorures osmorégulés." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0055.

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Parmi les acteurs moléculaires de la détoxication, les P-glycoprotéines (P-gp) constituent une première barrière refoulant des composés variés hors de la cellule. Ces protéines ont été initialement identifiées dans des tumeurs néoplasiques (phénotype MDR, Multi Drug Resistance). Ce concept a par la suite été étendu à la notion de phénotype MXR (Multi Xenobiotic Resistance), ensemble de mécanismes de défense des organismes contre les xénobiotiques. Dans les années 90, des travaux ont suggéré l'existence d'un dialogue entre l'activité MXR et la régulation du volume cellulaire. Le but de ce travail est de mettre en évidence les interactions entre les canaux chlorures osmorégulés et les mécanismes de détoxication MDR/MXR. Notre stratégie consiste à comparer les mécanismes MXR er MDR en terme d'activité enzymatique, de régulation, de viabilité/survie cellulaire et de modulation des courants osmorégulés, dans des cellules MCF-7, exprimant ou non la P-gp et des cellules de moule bleue
Among the molecular actors of cellular detoxification, P-glycoproteins (P-gp) represent a first line of defense against various toxic compounds. These proteins were first identified in neoplastic tumors (MDR phenotype, Multi Drug Resistance). This concept was the enlarged to MXR phenotype (Multi Xenobiotic Resistance), a set of defense mechanisms against toxins in aquatic organisms. In 90's, studies proposed that MXR was coupled to volume regulation. The aim of the study was to highlight cross regulations between osmoregulated chloride channels and MXR-MDR mechanisms in terms of enzymatic activity, regulation, cell viability and modulation of osmoregulated chloride currents, in MCF-7 cell line, expressing or not P-gp, and in primary-cultured cells of the blue mussel
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Lindström, Agnes, and Viktor Andersson. "Att vaccinera eller inte vaccinera sitt barn mot mässling-påssjuka-röda hund : Faktorer som påverkar föräldrars beslut - En systematisk litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-270901.

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Bakgrund: Vaccinationstäckning är ett av de viktigaste och mest kostnadseffektiva sättet att förbättra den globala folkhälsan. Trots det uppfattas vacciner som osäkert och onödigt av allt fler individer. Försämrad vaccinationstäckning påverkar flockimmuniteten med ökad risk för nya sjukdomsutbrott och epidemier. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka och sammanställa den vetenskapliga litteraturen om vilka faktorer som påverkar vårdnadshavarnas beslut att vaccinera eller inte vaccinera sina barn mot mässling-påssjuka-röda hund (MPR). Metod: Systematisk litteraturöversikt där totalt tio vetenskapliga artiklar ligger till grund för resultatet. The Health Belief Model har använts som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultat: Flera faktorer var viktiga för föräldrars beslut om vaccination. Fem faktorer identifierades som påverkar föräldrar att inte vaccinera sina barn: att föredra naturlig immunisering, rädsla för biverkningar, rädsla för vaccinet, misstro till myndigheter och förebygga sjukdom genom livsstil. Fyra faktorer som påverkar föräldrar att låta vaccinera sina barn identifierades: att undvika sjukdom, värna om flockimmunitet, fördelar överväger nackdelar samt kunskap och information om sjukdomarna och vaccinet. I resultatet identifierades också ett bifynd, att låta barnets immunsystem mogna innan vaccination. Både föräldrar som vaccinerade och inte vaccinerade sina barn tyckte att det fanns för lite information om vaccinet och dess biverkningar. Slutsats: Flera faktorer påverkar föräldrars beslut om vaccination för sina barn mot MPR. Både föräldrar som vaccinerar och inte vaccinerar sina barn tycker informationen om vaccin och dess biverkningar är för knapphändig och svårtillgänglig. Det är viktigt som sjuksköterska att ha kunskap om vilka faktorer som påverkar föräldrars beslut för att kunna bemöta föräldrars oro och bistå med adekvat och evidensbaserad information.
Background: Vaccination coverage is one of the most important and cost-effective ways to improve global health. Despite this more and more people feel uncertain about vaccinations. Impaired vaccination coverage affects the herd immunity and leads to an increased risk of disease outbreaks and epidemics. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine which factors influence parents’ decisions regarding vaccination of their children against measles-mumps-rubella (MMR). Method: A systematic review where the result is based on ten scientific articles. The Health Belief Model was used as theoretical framework. Results: Several factors were important for the decision to vaccinate or not. Five factors were identified among parents not vaccinating: to prefer natural immunization, fear of side effects, fear of the vaccine, mistrust in the authorities and prevent disease through lifestyle. While four factors were identified among parents vaccinating: to prevent disease, to protect the herd immunity, the advantages outweigh disadvantages, and knowledge and information about the disease and the vaccine. In addition, the finding, to let the child's immune system mature before vaccination was identified. Both parents who accept vaccination and parents who decline vaccination of their children considered the information about the vaccine inadequate. Conclusion: Several factors influence parents’ decision regarding vaccination of their children against MMR. Both parents who accept vaccination and parents who decline vaccination of their children consider the information about the vaccine and its side effects too scant and difficult to access. It's important that nurses have knowledge about factors that influence parents' decisions in order to respond to their concerns and provide appropriate and evidence-based information.
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Gruber, Verena, Bodo B. Schlegelmilch, and Michael J. Houston. "Inferential evaluations of sustainability attributes: Exploring how consumers imply product information." Springer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.20706.

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Consumers are often confronted with incomplete product information. In such instances, they can eliminate the product from further consideration due to higher associated uncertainty or ask for more information. Alternatively, they can apply subjective theories about covariation to infer the value of missing attributes. This paper investigates the latter option in the context of sustainability and provides an in-depth exploration of consumers' inference formations. Drawing from rich qualitative data, it offers a conceptualization of the underlying relationships consumers use to infer product sustainability based on other product attributes. The study further assesses whether these findings can be captured in a quantifiable way. To this end, inferred sustainability is conceptualized as a formative second-order construct, thereby depicting the influence of inference-triggering product attributes. (authors' abstract)
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Gibbs, Seth. "Microrna regulation of anthracycline drug resistance in leukemia through MIR-221, MIR-222, MIR-26a, and MIR-21." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1204309177.

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Books on the topic "M3R"

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Rivas, José Luis. Por mor del mar. Madrid: Visor Libros, 2002.

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Villarreal, José Javier. Mer du nord =: Mar del norte. Trois-Rivières, Québec: Ecrits des Forges, 2008.

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Michel, Courty, ed. Mar e marin =: Mer et marins. Berre-l'Étang: l'Astrado, 2000.

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Villarreal, José Javier. Mer du nord =: Mar del norte. Trois-Rivières, Québec: Ecrits des Forges, 2008.

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Pardo, Luis. Brisas del mar =: Sea breezes = Brises de la mer. Ogijares: Dia Cash, 2003.

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Abelardo, López Juliá José, ed. Brisas del mar =: Sea breezes = Brises de la mer. Ogijares: Dia Cash, 2003.

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Mer Pʻapʻazě, mer Shekʻspirě, mer kṛivě. Erevan: Apolon, 2002.

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Girējean, Zohrap. Mer tuně, mer tʻaghě ... Antʻilias: Katʻoghikosutʻiwn Hayotsʻ Metsi Tann Kilikioy, 2006.

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M, Yolanda J. Hackshaw. De mar a mar. Panamá: Fundación Cultural Signos, 2001.

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Mer tuně, mer tʻaghě ... Antʻilias: Katʻoghikosutʻiwn Hayotsʻ Metsi Tann Kilikioy, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "M3R"

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Fruchter, R. "M3R: Transformative Impacts of Mixed Media Mixed Reality Collaborative Environment in Support of AEC Global Teamwork." In Transforming Engineering Education, 229–57. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414866.ch08.

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Rich, R. M., K. J. Mighell, J. D. Neill, and W. L. Freedman. "The Nuclear Regions of M31, M32, and M33 Imaged by HST." In New Extragalactic Perspectives in the New South Africa, 325–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0335-7_39.

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Van Den Bergh, S., and C. J. Pritchet. "Stellar Populations in M31 and M33." In The Stellar Populations of Galaxies, 161–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2434-8_22.

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Cananzi, K., and M. Azzopardi. "Massive Stars in M31 and M33 OB Associations." In Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with other Massive Stars in Galaxies, 649. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3306-7_131.

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Schild, H., L. J. Smith, and A. J. Willis. "Optical Spectroscopy of WR Stars in M33 and M31." In Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with other Massive Stars in Galaxies, 650. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3306-7_132.

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Bensard, Denis D., Philip F. Stahel, Jorge Cerdá, Babak Sarani, Sajid Shahul, Daniel Talmor, Peter M. Hammer, et al. "MDR." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1362. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3200.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "MBR." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 651. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_770.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "mer." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 349. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_6442.

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Gass, Saul I., and Carl M. Harris. "MOR." In Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science, 526. New York, NY: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0611-x_639.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Mer." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 451. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7311.

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Conference papers on the topic "M3R"

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Adrian, Odile. "M3R AESA technology for Extended Air Defence." In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4720999.

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Ernvall, Toni. "Exact-regenerating codes between MBR and MSR points." In 2013 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itw.2013.6691307.

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Hodge, Paul, Ted Wyder, and Knut Olsen. "M31 vs. M33: Different modes of star formation." In The seventh astrophysical conference: Star formation, near and far. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.52820.

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Lin, Jianshu, Chengjun Zhuang, Jinzhen Leng, Ting Wang, and Zhenhua Zhang. "An Investigation of Deterministic Realistic Method for LBLOCA Mass and Energy Release Evaluation for CPR1000 NPPs." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15833.

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With the development of nuclear technology, safety analysis methodologies were advancing from traditional conservative to more realistic approaches. For CPR1000-type NPP, the Conventional Method (CM) which employed MEDUSE, PERSEE and REFLET codes in order was still in use to evaluate the LB LOCA mass and energy release (MER). This complex operation yielded excess conservative result as well as inconvenience. Meanwhile, a deterministic realistic method (MDR) had been applied using Realistic code CATHARE GB for LB LOCA MER analysis in EPR design. In this paper, CPR1000 NPP LB LOCA MER calculation was carried out using MDR method with CATHARE GB code. Calculation results were compared with those obtained through the conventional method to assess the containment pressure margin gain. Further effort was needed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the new method in CPR1000-type NPP applications.
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Costa, Roberto, Monica Marcon-Uchida, and F. Matteucci. "Chemical evolution models for spiral disks: the Milky Way, M31, and M33." In 11th Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.100.0307.

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Mažionytė, Rūta, and Regimantas Dauknys. "Dumblo pūdymo proceso Marijampolės ir Šiaulių miestų nuotekų valyklose analizė." In 18-toji Lietuvos jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos ciklo „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis” teminė konferencija "Pastatų inžinerinės sistemos". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/pinzs.2015.008.

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Anaerobinis pūdymas – mikrobiologinis procesas, kurio metu dalyvaujant fermentams organinės medžiagos bedeguonėje aplinkoje yra anaerobinių mikroorganizmų skaidomos. Tai yra sudėtingas, iš keleto pakopų susidedantis procesas, kurio metu kaip šalutinis produktas išsiskiria biodujos (atsinaujinantis energijos šaltinis). Apdorojant dumblą anaerobiniu būdu dumblo kiekis sumažėja trečdaliu, taip visiškai išsprendžiama blogo kvapo problema bei sunaikinami patogeniniai mikroorganizmai. Tyrime nagrinėjama Šiaulių ir Marijampolės nuotekų valyklų pūdytuvų veikla, analizuojami pūdomo dumblo parametai, išsiskiriančių dujų kiekiai. Tyrimo metu buvo nustatyta optimali faktinės dumblo apkrovos reikšmė Šiauliuose ‒ 1,07 kg BSM/m3d ir Marijampolėje ‒ 1,2 kg BSM/m3d. Tuo metu buvo pasiekti 58,71 % ir 62,89 % bepelenių sausų medžiagų suskaidymo efektyvumai. Nagrinėjamuoju laikotarpiu didžiausi biodujų kiekiai, užfiksuoti Šiauliuose ir Marijampolėje, buvo 2936 m3 /d ir 3450 m3 /d.
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Konar, Bikram, Mohsen Mohammadijoo, Kendal Dunnett, and Muhammad Rashid. "Centerline Segregation Rating and Its Implications on Mechanical Properties and Weldability of Line-Pipe Steels." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-86738.

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Abstract In continuously cast line-pipe steel, solute elements segregate near the centerline of the slab. The extent of centerline segregation is compared with reference Mannesmann images either by visual or computer-aided techniques and provided a Mannesmann rating (MR). Originally MR was devised to gauge the casting performance, however, recently it is used as a reliability/performance metric for line-pipe qualification. Centerline segregation phenomenon in the slabs is expected to translate to through-thickness microstructural heterogeneity and precipitate formation in rolled products affecting mechanical properties. Furthermore, weldability of line-pipe steels is impacted by the interplay of heterogeneous centerline microstructure, precipitates, and the utilized welding process parameters and consumable package. In this study, X70 grade steel slabs rated with MR of 2 (MR2) and 3 (MR3) were rolled and submerged-arc welded to form pipes. Microstructural analysis, and mechanical property and hardness measurements as per ASTM standards were performed on these pipes. Despite some microstructural indication, no substantial difference was observed in the mechanical properties of the manufactured MR 2 and MR3 pipes. WIC (Welding Institute of Canada) and pipe through-thickness weldability testing using cellulosic E8010 electrodes showed no substantial influence of MR on weldability or hydrogen-assisted crack formation. This study highlights MR of slabs is not a good reliability/performance metric for the pipelines, and it is rather important to understand the effects of other downstream processes to establish a quality control criteria.
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Choi, P. I., P. Guhathakurta, and K. V. Johnston. "THE IMPACT OF TIDAL INTERACTIONS ON SATELLITE GALAXIES: A Study of the M31 Satellites, M32 & NGC 205." In Proceedings of the Yale Cosmology Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812778017_0035.

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Gulla, Annamaria, Maria Teresa Di Martino, Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio, Eugenio Morelli, Nicola Amodio, Cirino Botta, Maria Rita Pitari, Santo Giovanni Lio, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, and Pierfrancesco Tassone. "Abstract 4426: A 13 mer LNA miR-221 inhibitor restores drug sensitivity in melphalan-refractory multiple myeloma cells." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4426.

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Aliaga, Daniel, Rui Bastos, Mary Whitton, Fred Brooks, Dinesh Manocha, Jon Cohen, Andrew Wilson, et al. "MMR." In the 1999 symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/300523.300554.

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Reports on the topic "M3R"

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Dioguardi, Mario, Diego Sovereto, and Giuseppe Troiano. The Prognostic Role of miR-31 and miR-155 in HNSCC: Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0119.

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Review question / Objective: the PICO question was formulated , in which the following points are identified: Participants (patients with HNSCC), Intervention (altered expression of miR-31 and miR-155 in HNSCC), Control (patients with HNSCC who have low expression of miR-31 and miR-155), Outcome (difference in prognosis of survival among patients with low and high miR-31 and miR-155 expression in HNSCC The PICO question therefore is as follows: Is there a difference in OS (overall Survival) between HNSCC patients with high miR-31 and miR-155 expression versus those with low expression? Condition being studied: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), altered expression of miR-31 and miR-155 tissue.
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Hazen, Damian, and Jason Hick. MIR Performance Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225631.

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Lehman, S. K. MIR wall surveyor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8424.

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Westnedge, K. GéoTour - mer des Salish. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293803.

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Morris, VR. Microwave Radiometer (MWR) Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020715.

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Kukushkin, Nataliya. Mar Chiquita Lake (Cordoba). Edited by Nikolay Komedchikov. Entsiklopediya, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2015-12-10-13.

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Holcomb, David, Willis Poore III, and George Flanagan. MSR Fuel Qualification Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1649079.

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Dioguardi, Mario. The Prognostic Role of miR-195 and miR-34 in HNSCC: Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0150.

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Review question / Objective: The PICO question was as follows: What is the RR and HR in the prognostic survival indices among HNSCC patients with high tissue miR-195 expression compared to those with low expression? The different points studied were: (P) participants (patients with HNSCC), (I) intervention (impaired expression of miR-195in HNSCC), (C) control (patients with HNSCC who have low expression of miR-195), ( O) outcome (difference in death risk of survival prognosis between patients with low and high miR-195 expression in HNSCC). Main outcome(s): The main outcomes are HR and the RR on the prognostic indices of survival including: OS, DFS, CSS and PFS.
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AIR FORCE ACADEMY COLORADO SPRINGS CO. USAFA Discovery, Jan-Mar 99. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362648.

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L. Booth. MGR External Events Hazards Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828190.

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