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Academic literature on the topic 'MAC-E Filter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "MAC-E Filter"

Steinbrink, Nicholas, Volker Hannen, Eric L. Martin, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Michael Zacher, and Christian Weinheimer. "Neutrino mass sensitivity by MAC-E-Filter based time-of-flight spectroscopy with the example of KATRIN." New Journal of Physics 15, no. 11 (2013): 113020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/113020.

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Drexlin, G., V. Hannen, S. Mertens, and C. Weinheimer. "Current Direct Neutrino Mass Experiments." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/293986.

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In this contribution, we review the status and perspectives of direct neutrino mass experiments, which investigate the kinematics ofβ-decays of specific isotopes (3H,187Re,163Ho) to derive model-independent information on the averaged electron (anti)neutrino mass. After discussing the kinematics ofβ-decay and the determination of the neutrino mass, we give a brief overview of past neutrino mass measurements (SN1987a-ToF studies, Mainz and Troitsk experiments for3H, cryobolometers for187Re). We then describe the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment currently under construction at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, which will use the MAC-E-Filter principle to push the sensitivity down to a value of 200 meV (90% C.L.). To do so, many technological challenges have to be solved related to source intensity and stability, as well as precision energy analysis and low background rate close to the kinematic endpoint of tritiumβ-decay at 18.6 keV. We then review new approaches such as the MARE, ECHO, and Project8 experiments, which offer the promise to perform an independent measurement of the neutrino mass in the sub-eV region. Altogether, the novel methods developed in direct neutrino mass experiments will provide vital information on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos.

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WEINHEIMER, CHRISTIAN. "DIRECT NEUTRINO MASS MEASUREMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 08n09 (2006): 1875–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032836.

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The discovery by many different experiments of the flavour oscillation of neutrinos from different sources proved clearly that neutrinos have non-vanishing masses in contrast to their current description within the Standard Model of particle physics. However, the neutrino mass scale, which is – in addition to particle physics – very important for cosmology and astrophysics, cannot be resolved by oscillation experiments. Although there are a few ways to determine the absolute neutrino mass scale, the only model-independent method is the investigation of the electron energy spectrum of a β decay near its endpoint. The tritium β decay experiments at Mainz and Troitsk using tritium have recently been finished and have given upper limits on the neutrino mass scale of about 2 eV/c2. The bolometric experiments using 187 Re have finished the first round of prototype experiments yielding a sensitivity on the neutrino mass of 15 eV/c2. The new Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) will enhance the sensitivity on the neutrino mass by an ultra-precise measurement of the tritium β decay spectrum by another order of magnitude down to 0.2 eV/c2 by using a very strong windowless gaseous molecular tritium source and a huge ultra-high resolution electrostatic spectrometer of MAC-E-Filter type. The recent achievements in test experiments show, that this very challenging experiment is feasible.

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Müller, B., T. Thümmler, J. Bonn, et al. "Particle storage in MAC-E-filters." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 118 (April 2003): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(03)01371-9.

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TREVANICH, SUDSAI, TAKAHISA MIYAMOTO, YOKO HARADA, KEN-ICHI HONJOH, and SHOJI HATANO. "Rapid Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O6 in Water by Using Monoclonal Antibody and a Photon-Counting Television Camera." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 4 (2000): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.4.534.

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Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against Escherichia coli O6:H16 were screened against 15 strains of E. coli and 19 non–E. coli bacteria. A MAb-luminescence assay using MAb-5.8, which shows no cross-reactions with non–E. coli bacteria, and a photon-counting television camera were developed for rapid enumeration of E. coli O6:H16 in water. The membrane filter that retained bacteria was boiled for 5 min in a buffer and incubated with biotinylated MAb-5.8. After incubation with streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate, it was reacted with luminol-based reaction mixture. Luminous image and light intensity of the filter was recorded with a Biocell Counter. Levels of E. coli O6 higher than 7 × 103 CFU were detected by the MAbluminescence assay when E. coli O6 was spotted onto the membrane filter. The sample that contained E. coli O6:H16 was filtered through a membrane filter, and the filter that retained bacteria was incubated on a filter paper soaked with nutrient broth supplemented with 0.5% NaCl at 37°C for 6 h. The number of light emission points on the filter correlated well with initial E. coli O6:H16 counts within the range of 1 to 3 × 102 CFU. The correlation coefficient was 0.89.

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Пристинський, С. В., Ю. О. Будаш, В. І. Ступа та І. О. Пустовойт. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕРОБКИ НАПОВНЕНИХ ПОЛІАМІДНИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙ МЕТОДОМ ЛИТТЯ ПІД ТИСКОМ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 140, № 6 (2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.6.7.

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Comparative analysis the main parameters of injection molding and the physic-mechanicals properties of polymer compositions based on polyamide 6.6. Samples we had obtained by injection molding method at injection molding machine ENGEL E-MAC 170/75. The process parameters had determined empirically to achieve certain quality criteria. Physics and mechanicals properties had evaluated by Sharpy impact strength. Statistical data processing, construction of graphs and diagrams had done in MS Excel. During the researching, had done a comparative analysis of the main parameters of the injection molding process, physical and mechanical properties, such as impact strength of the samples obtained from the glass-filled polymer composition based on polyamide PA6.6-GFGB30 and the material without glass filler PA6.6. During the experiment and data, analysis had revealed an increase in the impact strength of samples by 43%, cast from polymeric composition material PA6.6-GFGB30 in comparison with PA6.6. At the same time the process parameters such as the temperature, which directly affects the energy resources consumption, did not receive statistically significant changes. Among the features of changes in process parameters, we can note an increase in switching pressure, a decrease in the dosing time, and others. In addition, the speed and linear values of the process have changed. For the first time had performed a detailed comparative analysis the main processing parameters by injection molding and the physic-mechanicals properties of polymer compositions based on polyamide 6.6. The results will allow a professional approach to the selection of polymer compositions and technological parameters the process of their processing by injection molding.

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Klappenbach, F., M. Bertleff, J. Kostinek, et al. "Accurate mobile remote sensing of XCO2 and XCH4 latitudinal transects from aboard a research vessel." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 7 (2015): 7413–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-7413-2015.

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Abstract. A portable Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), model EM27/SUN, is deployed onboard the research vessel Polarstern to measure the column-average dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) and methane (XCH4) by means of direct sunlight absorption spectrometry. We report on technical developments as well as data calibration and reduction measures required to achieve the targeted accuracy of fractions of a percent in retrieved XCO2 and XCH4 while operating the instrument under field conditions onboard the moving platform during a six week cruise through the Atlantic from Cape Town (South Africa, 34° S, 18° E) to Bremerhaven (Germany, 54° N, 19° E). We demonstrate that our solar tracker typically achieves a tracking precision of better than 0.05° toward the center of the sun throughout the ship cruise which facilitates accurate XCO2 and XCH4 retrievals even under harsh ambient wind conditions. We define several quality filters that screen spectra e.g. when the field-of-view is partially obstructed by ship structures or when the lines-of-sight cross the ship exhaust plume. The measurements in clean oceanic air, can be used to characterize a spurious airmass dependency. After the campaign, deployment of the spectrometer side-by-side the TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) instrument at Karlsruhe, Germany, allows for determining a calibration factor that makes the entire campaign record traceable to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards. Comparisons to observations of the GOSAT satellite and concentration fields modeled by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) within the project Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition and Climate – Interim Implementation (MACC-II) demonstrate that the observational setup is well suited to provide validation opportunities above the ocean and along interhemispheric transects.

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Poudereux, David, Manuel Cano-García, Domenico Alj, et al. "Recording Policryps structures in photonic crystal fibers." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.700.

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Policryps structures of photo-curable adhesive NOA61 and nematic liquid crystal mixture E7 have been created inside selected microchannels of photonic crystal fibers (PCF). The PCF was selectively infiltrated with the photopolymer-liquid crystal mixture for the writing of a holographic tunable grating inside specific holes of the photonic fiber. A 2um pitch grating was successfully recorded in the PCF inner holes with and without collapsing the fiber cladding. The liquid crystal is properly aligned in both cases. Full Text: PDF ReferencesQ. Liu, et al., "Tunable Fiber Polarization Filter by Filling Different Index Liquids and Gold Wire Into Photonic Crystal Fiber", J. Lightwave Technol. 34(10), 2484 (2016). CrossRef L. Velázquez-Ibarra, A. Díez, E. Silvestre, M.V. Andrés, "Wideband tuning of four-wave mixing in solid-core liquid-filled photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Lett. 41(11), 2600 (2016). CrossRef T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express 11(20), 2589 (2003). CrossRef H.Y. Choi, M.J. Kim, B.H. Lee, "All-fiber Mach-Zehnder type interferometers formed in photonic crystal fiber", Opt. Express 15(9), 5711 (2007). CrossRef D. Poudereux, P. Corredera, E. Otón, J.M. Otón, X.Q. Arregui, "Photonic liquid crystal fiber intermodal interferometer" Opt. Pura Apl. 46(4), 321 (2013). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Tunable Optofluidic Polymer Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 619(1), 2 (2015). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, T.R. Woliński, M.A. Geday, J.M. Otón, "Photonic Crystal Fibers infiltrated with Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals", Phot. Lett. Poland, 2(3), 110 (2010). CrossRef D. Alj, S. Paladugu, G. Volpe, R. Caputo, C. Umeton, "Polar POLICRYPS diffractive structures generate cylindrical vector beams", Appl. Phys. Lett., 107(20), 201101 (2015). CrossRef A. Veltri, R. Caputo, C. Umeton, A.V. Sukhov, "Model for the photoinduced formation of diffraction gratings in liquid-crystalline composite materials", Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(18), 3492 (2004). CrossRef T.J. Bunning, L.V. Natarajan, V.P. Tondiglia, R.L. Sutherland, "Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals (H-PDLCs)", Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 30(1), 83 (2000). CrossRef R. Caputo, L. De Sio, A.V. Sukhov, A. Veltri, C. Umeton, "Development of a new kind of switchable holographic grating made of liquid-crystal films separated by slices of polymeric material", Opt. Lett., 29, 1261 (2004). CrossRef A. Marino, F. Vita, V. Tkachenko, R. Caputo, C. Umeton, A. Veltri, G. Abbate, "Dynamical behaviour of holographic gratings with a nematic film --Polymer slice sequence structure", Euro. Phys. J. E 15, 47 (2004). CrossRef G. Abbate, F. Vita, A. Marino, V. Tkachenko, S. Slussarenko, O. Sakhno, J. Stumpe, "New Generation of Holographic Gratings Based on Polymer-LC Composites: POLICRYPS and POLIPHEM", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 453(1), 1 (2006). CrossRef G. Zito, S. Pissadakis, "Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal Bragg grating integrated inside a solid core photonic crystal fiber", Opt. Lett. 38(17), 3253 (2013). CrossRef B. Sun, et al., "Unique Temperature Dependence of Selectively Liquid-Crystal-Filled Photonic Crystal Fibers", IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 28(12), 1282 (2016). CrossRef R. Caputo, et al., "POLICRYPS: a liquid crystal composed nano/microstructure with a wide range of optical and electro-optical applications", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11(2), 024017 (2009). CrossRef J. Li, S.-T. Wu, S. Brugioni, R. Meucci, S. Faetti, "Infrared refractive indices of liquid crystals", J. Appl. Phys. 97(7), 073501 (2005). CrossRef

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Olyaee, Saeed. "Ultra-fast and compact all-optical encoder based on photonic crystal nano-resonator without using nonlinear materials." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.890.

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In this paper an ultra-compact all-optical encoder is presented by using a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The designed logic gate is based on the interference effect. The proposed structure consists of several photonic crystal waveguides connected by 2 nano-resonators. The nano-resonators are designed to reduce the size of the radius of the dielectric rods. The contrast ratios and delay time for the proposed all-optical encoder are respectively 6 dB and 125 fs. The size of the structure is equal to 132 µm2. Equality of the output power in the logic states “one”, the small dimensions, the low delay time, compact and simple structure have shown that the logic gate is suitable for the using in optical integrated circuits. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Salmanpour, Sh. Mohammadnejad, A. Bahrami, "Photonic crystal logic gates: an overview", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 2249 (2015). CrossRef S. C. Xavier, B. E. Carolin, A. p. Kabilan, W. Johnson, "Compact photonic crystal integrated circuit for all-optical logic operation", IET Optoelectronics. 10, 142 (2016). CrossRef Y. Miyoshi, K. Ikeda, H. Tobioka, T. Inoue, S. Namiki, K. Kitayama, "Ultrafast all-optical logic gate using a nonlinear optical loop mirror based multi-periodic transfer function", Optics Express. 16, 2570 (2008). CrossRef D. K. Gayen, A. Bhattachryya, T. Chattopadhyay, J. N. Roy, "Ultrafast All-Optical Half Adder Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer", Journal of Lightwave Technology. 30, 3387 (2012). CrossRef A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, "All-optical NOT and XOR logic gates using photonic crystal nano-resonator and based on an interference effect", IET Optoelectronics. 12, 191 (2018). CrossRef Z. Mohebbi, N. Nozhat, F. Emami, "High contrast all-optical logic gates based on 2D nonlinear photonic crystal", Optics Communications. 355, 130 (2015). CrossRef M. Mansouri-Birjandi, M. Ghadrdan, "Full-optical tunable add/drop filter based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators", Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications. 21, 44 (2016). CrossRef H. Alipour-Banaei, S. Serajmohammadi, F. Mehdizadeh, "Effect of scattering rods in the frequency response of photonic crystal demultiplexers", Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials. 17, 259 (2015). DirectLink A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, H. Arman, "Optical Biochemical Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Nano-ring Resonators for the Detection of Protein Concentration", Current Nanoscience. 13, 421 (2017). CrossRef S. Olyaee, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, "Designing a novel photonic crystal nano-ring resonator for biosensor application", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 1881 (2015). CrossRef F. Parandin, R. Malmir, M. Naseri, A. Zahedi, "Reconfigurable all-optical NOT, XOR, and NOR logic gates based on two dimensional photonic crystals", Superlattices and Microstructures. 113, 737 (2018). CrossRef F. Mehdizadeh, M. Soroosh, H. Alipour-Banaei, "Proposal for 4-to-2 optical encoder based on photonic crystals", IET Optoelectronics. 11, 29 (2017). CrossRef M. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, H. Alipour-Banaei, "A novel all optical reversible 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals", Optik. 126, 2368 (2015). CrossRef T. A. Moniem, "All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators", Journal of Modern Optics. 63, 735 (2016). CrossRef S. Gholamnejad, M. Zavvari, "Design and analysis of all-optical 4–2 binary encoder based on photonic crystal", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 49, 302 (2017). CrossRef H. Seif-Dargahi, "Ultra-fast all-optical encoder using photonic crystal-based ring resonators", Photonic Network Communications. 36, 272 (2018). CrossRef S. Olyaee, M. Seifouri, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, and M. Sardari, "Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 50, 12 (2018). CrossRef C. J. Wu, C. P. Liu, Z. Ouyang, "Compact and low-power optical logic NOT gate based on photonic crystal waveguides without optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials", Applied Optics.51, 680 (2012). CrossRef Y. C. Jiang, S. B. Liu, H. F. Zhang, X. K. Kong. "Realization of all optical half-adder based on self-collimated beams by two-dimensional photonic crystals", Optics Communications. 348, 90 (2015). CrossRef A. Salmanpour, S. Mohammadnejad, P. T. Omran, "All-optical photonic crystal NOT and OR logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonators", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 3689 (2015). CrossRef E. H. Shaik, N. Rangaswamy, "Single photonic crystal structure for realization of NAND and NOR logic functions by cascading basic gates", Journal of Computational Electronics. 17, 337 (2018). CrossRef

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Chiba, Erika Kiyoko, André Luiz Fraga Briso, Rodrigo Sversut De Alexandre, Mariana Dias Moda, Paulo Henrique Dos Santos, and Ticiane Cestari Fagundes. "Bond strength to dentin of low-shrinkage composite resin restorations after thermocycling and mechanical loading." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, no. 6 (2020): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i6.4906.

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Objective: This study evaluated the in vitro bond strength of Class I restorations to dentin, using four restorative systems. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six molars were used, and a Class I cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface. Next, tooth were divided into 4 groups (n=24), Single Bond Universal + Filtek Z350 XT (SFZ); Single Bond Universal + Filtek Bulk Fill (SFB); AdheSE + Tetric N-Ceram (ATC) and AdheSE + Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (ATB).Thus, the teeth were divided into 3 subgroups (n = 8): 1) storage in water for 24h (control); 2) submitted to thermocycling; 3) mechanical loading. After challenges, teeth were cut into beams 0.8mm², being 3 to 4 sticks per tooth. Then, the specimens were submitted to microtensile testing (μTBS). The data were submitted to Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests for multiple comparisons, with a significance level of 5%. Results: No significant differences were observed between the restorative systems after thermal cycling challenge (p> 0.05). However, the SFZ group presented the highest μTBS values, with a statistical difference when compared to the ATC, SFB and ATB groups after mechanical loading (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The dentin bond strength of low-shrinkage composite resin restorations was negatively influenced by mechanical loading in class I cavities. Descriptors: Dental Materials; Permanent Teeth; Resin Composite; Restoration; Substrate Cycling. References  Bedran-Russo A, Leme-Kraus AA, Vidal CMP, Teixeira EC. An overview of dental adhesive systems and the dynamic tooth-adhesive interface. Dent Clin N Am. 2017; 61:713-31. Rosatto CM, Bicalho AA, Veríssimo C, Bragança GF, Rodrigues MP, Tantbirojn D, et al. Mechanical properties, shrinkage stress, cuspal strain and fracture resistance of molars restored with bulk-fill composites and incremental filling technique. J Dent. 2015;43:1519-28. Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M. Bulk-fill resin-based composites: an in vitro assessment of their mechanical performance. Oper Dent. 2013;38:18-25. Caixeta RV, Guiraldo RD, Kaneshima EN, Barbosa AS, Picolotto CP, Lima AE, et al. Push-out bond strength of restorations with bulk-fill, flow, and conventional resin composites. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:452976. Amaral FL, Colucci V, Palma-Dibb RG, Corona SA. Assessment of in vitro methods used to promote adhesive interface degradation: a critical review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2007;19:340-53. Daneshkazemi A, Davari A, Akbari MJ, Davoudi A, Badrian H. Effects of thermal and mechanical load cycling on the dentin microtensile bond strength of Single Bond-2. J Int Oral Health 2015;7:9-13. Poptani B, Gohil KS, Ganjiwale J, Shukla M.Microtensile dentin bond strength of fifth with five seventh-generation dentin-bonding agents after thermocycling: An in vitro study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2012;3(Suppl 2):S167-71. Heintze SD, Monreal D, Peschke A. Marginal quality of Class II composite restorations placed in bulk compared to an incremental technique: Evaluation with SEM and Stereomicroscope. J Adhes Dent. 2015;17:147-54. Soares CJ, Pizi EC, Fonseca RB, Martins LR. Influence of root embedment material and periodontal ligament simulation on fracture resistance tests. Braz Oral Res. 2005;19:11-6. Aguiar TR, André CB, Correr-Sobrinho L, Arrais CA, Ambrosano GM, Giannini M. Effect of storage times and mechanical load cycling on dentin bond strength of conventional and self-adhesive resin luting cements. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;111:404-10. Assunção WG, Jorge JR, Dos Santos PH, Barão VA, Gomes EA, Delben JA. The effect of mechanical cycling and different misfit levels on Vicker's microhardness of retention screws for single implant-supported prostheses J Prosthodont. 2011;20:523-27. De Munck J, Luehrs AK, Poitevin A, Van Ende A, Van Meerbeek B. Fracture toughness versus micro-tensile bond strength testing of adhesive-dentin interfaces. Dent Mater. 2013;29:635-44. Armstrong S, Breschi L, Özcan M, Pfefferkorn F, Ferrari M, Van Meerbeek B. Academy of Dental Materials guidance on in vitro testing of dental composite bonding effectiveness to dentin/enamel using micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) approach. Dent Mater. 2017;33:133-43. Tjäderhane L, Nascimento FD, Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Tersariol IL, Geraldeli S et al. Strategies to prevent hydrolytic degradation of the hybrid layer- A review. Dent Mater. 2013; 29:999-11. Taneja S, Kumar P, Kumar A. Comparative evaluation of the microtensile bond strength of bulk fill and low shrinkage composite for different depths of Class II cavities with the cervical margin in cementum: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2016;19:532-35. Campos EA, Ardu S, Lefever D, Jassé FF, Bortolotto T, Krejci iI. Marginal adaptation of class II cavities restored with bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014;42;575-81. Mandava J, Vegesna DP, Ravi R, Boddeda MR, Uppalapati LV, Ghazanfaruddin MD. Microtensile bond strength of bulk-fill restorative composites to dentin. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9:e1023-28. Costa T, Rezende M, Sakamoto A, Bittencourt B, Dalzochio P, Loguercio AD, et al. Influence of adhesive type and placement technique on postoperative sensitivity in posterior composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2017;42:143-54. Jayaseel A, Niranjan N, Pamidi H, Suryakanth MB. Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of universal dental adhesives - An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 20171;9:e892-e96. Silame FDJ, Geraldeli GP, Sinhoreti MAC, Pires-de-Souza FCP, Roulet JF, Geraldeli S. Dentin µTBS and hardness of bulk-fill and conventional composites placed in a box-shaped cavity preparation. J Adhes Dent. 2017;19:395-400. Han SH, Park SH. Comparison of internal adaptation in class II bulk-fill composite restorations using micro-CT. Oper Dent. 2017;42:203-14. Al-Harbi F, Kaisarly D, Michna A, ArRejaie A, Bader D, El Gezawi M. Cervical interfacial bonding effectiveness of class II bulk versus incremental fill resin composite restorations Oper Dent. 2015;40:622-35. Amaral FL, Colucci V, Palma-Dibb RG, Corona SA. Assessment of in vitro methods used to promote adhesive interface degradation: a critical review J Esthet Restor Dent. 2007; 19:340-53. Lezaja Zebic M, Dzeletovic B, Miletic V. Microtensile bond strength of universal adhesives to flat versus Class I cavity dentin with pulpal pressure simulation J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018;30:240-48. Yazici AR, Antonson SA, Kutuk ZB, Ergin E. Thirty-six-month clinical comparison of bulk fill and nanofill composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2017;42:478-85.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MAC-E Filter"

Strid, Carl-Fabian. "MAC-E-Filter characterization for PTOLEMY : a relic neutrino direct detection experiment." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75678.

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The cosmic neutrino background (CNB) can be composed of both active and hypothetical sterileneutrinos. At approximately one second after big bang, neutrinos decoupled from radiationand matter at a temperature of approximately one MeV. Neutrinos played an important role inthe origin and evolution of our universe and have been indirectly verified by cosmological dataon the BBN (Big Bang nucleosynthesis) of the Big Bang.It was Steven Weinberg in 1962 that first theorized on the direct detection of relic neutrinos.The signal of the relic neutrino capture on a tritium target can be observed by studying theendpoint of the electrons kinetic energy that are above the endpoint energy of the beta decayspectrum. The PTOLEMY project aims to archive direct detection of the relic neutrinobackground with a large tritium target of 100 gram, MAC-E-Filter, RF-tracking, Time of flighttracking and a cryogenic calorimetry.In this thesis the MAC-E-Filter have been simulated in two filter configurations. In the firstconfiguration, the electron were simulated five times in the filter. Two in the opposite sideof the detector, one in the middle, and two at the detector. In the second configuration theelectrons was simulated in the entrance solenoid at a fixed position of y = -0.19634954 m fromthe center of the filter and in random positions. Both multiple electrons and single electronswere simulated in the second configuration.In the single electron configuration the electron had a starting position of y = -0.19634954 mfrom the center of the filter, and an initial kinetic energy of 18.6 KeV. The first filter configurationsuccessfully accomplished to simulate the electron track, as the electron was reflectedback and forth between the entry and detector solenoid. The electric and magnetic field profilediered at the entry and detector solenoid. The second filter configuration successfully showedthat the electron will reach the end solenoid, when the filter length was 0.5 m. When the filterlength was increased to 0.7 m, then the electron was reflected in the middle of the filter. Thesimulation showed that the electron energy dropped below 1 eV from 18.6 KeV as the electronpropagated through the filter. The magnetic and electric fields decreased exponentially in thedirection of the detector solenoid. The Simulation of multiple electrons showed mixed resultsand would need more modifications in order to come to a final conclusion.

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Virot, Romain. "Development of calibration sources for proton spectroscopy." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY048/document.

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La spectroscopie du proton issu de la décroissance du neutron donne un accès complémentaire à lambda (rapport des constantes de couplage faibles gA/gV) et permet la recherche de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard. Au sein des expériences, les protons de basse-énergie (E<751.4 eV) sont guidés et sélectionnés grâce à des champs électromagnétiques. La connaissance précise du potentiel électrostatique est primordiale car celui-ci peut biaiser la sélection des protons. Il faut une précision de quelques mV dans les expériences de spectroscopie du proton aSPECT et PERC pour leur permettre d’atteindre la précision de mesure désirée. Comme les conditions expérimentales impactent le champ (effets de température sur la position des électrodes et leur fonction de travail, condition de surface, pièges qui se chargent etc.), il est nécessaire de pouvoir effectuer la mesure du champ électrostatique in-situ. D’autres effets systématiques sont reliés à la détection de protons: résolution du détecteur, homogénéité, probabilité de rétrodiffusion etc. in-situ.Les objectifs de ce projet sont de créer des sources de calibration pour des mesures électrostatiques in-situ et la caractérisation de détecteurs de protons et de construire une chambre d’essai dédiée à la caractérisation et l’optimisation des sources.Pour les mesures électrostatiques, la modération des positrons a été identifiée comme prometteuse. Ce processus crée un faisceau de particules chargées positivement avec une largeur spectrale très faible (FWHM de quelques dizaines de meV) et avec une distribution angulaire bien définie. Un tel faisceau pourrait permettre de comparer, au sein du spectromètre, les différences de potentiels entre des électrodes.Pour la caractérisation des détecteurs, les sources de protons disponibles sur le marché sont difficiles à coupler aux forts champs magnétiques et induisent souvent une détérioration de la qualité du vide dans les expériences, rendant ardue l’utilisation d’un détecteur sous haute tension (entre -15 et -30 kV). La Désorption Stimulée par Electrons (ESD) de l’hydrogène adsorbé sur la surface d’un cristal s’avère posséder les qualités requises: une distribution en énergie piquée et bien définie et une compatibilité avec l’ultravide.Le spectromètre aSPECTino a été créé en tant que système de test. C’est un filtre MAC-E qui utilise des champs EM pour guider et sélectionner les particules chargées de basse énergie avant de les détecter à l’aide d’un détecteur sous haute tension pour accélérer les particules sélectionnées. Dans le spectromètre règne un champ magnétique entre 3.5 et 16 mT qui est suffisant pour confiner les positrons de basse-énergie. Les protons de basse-énergie avec un faible moment radial peuvent aussi être guidés vers le détecteur.CALIPSO, qui signifie CALIbration Positron/proton SOurce, est une source de calibration deux en un : elle peut fournir indépendamment des positrons et des protons et est basée autour d’un cristal de tungstène (110). Pour la source de positrons ce cristal est couplé à une source de positron 22Na. Il sert alors de modérateur et réémet une fraction des positrons primaires issus de la source 22Na avec une faible énergie et une distribution angulaire et spectrale étroite. Dans la configuration proton le même cristal est utilisé en tant que substrat pour l’adsortion d’hydrogène. L’ESD est induit par les électrons émis par une source thermoionique et frappants le cristal de tungstène.Cette thèse présente les processus physiques utilisés pour créer les faisceaux de positrons et de protons de basse-énergie de CALIPSO ainsi que la conception et le développement du spectromètre aSPECTino et de la source CALIPSO. Elle présente les premiers résultats expérimentaux de la caractérisation préliminaire d’aSPECTino et de CALIPSO. Les performances attendues de CALIPSO pour ses deux configurations et pour la sensibilité de comparaison des potentiels d’électrodes sont dérivés et démontrés à l’aide de simulations Proton spectroscopy in neutron beta decay gives a complementary access to $lambda$ (ratio of the weak coupling constants gA/gV and enables new searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. In experiment, low-energy protons (E< 751.4 eV) are usually guided and selected using electromagnetic fields. Precise knowledge of the electrostatic potentials is mandatory as it can drastically bias proton selection. For instance, electrostatic potentials have to be known with an accuracy of a few mV in the proton spectroscopy instruments aSPECT and PERC in order to reach their aspired precision. As experimental conditions can directly impact the field (temperature effects on electrode position and work function, surface conditions, charging traps, etc.), it is mandatory that electrostatic measurements are performed in-situ. Further systematic effects are related to proton detection. In addition to prior off-line detector characterization, it is important to verify detector resolution, homogeneity, backscattering probability etc. in-situ. The protons from neutron decay itself are not suitable for this purpose because of their broad energy distribution and insufficient localization.The goals of this project were to create calibration sources for in-situ electrostatic measurements and proton detector characterizations and to build a dedicated test setup to characterize and optimize the sources.For electrostatic measurements, the process of positron moderation was identified as most promising. Positron moderation creates a beam of positively charged particles with a very narrow energy spread (FWHM of a few tens of meV) and with a well-defined emission angular distribution. Such a beam would allow to directly compare, inside the spectrometer, potential differences between different electrodes.For detector characterization, available commercial proton sources are difficult to couple to high magnetic fields and often induce a deterioration of the vacuum quality in experiments, making it complicated to use detection systems at high voltage (-15 to -30 kV). Electron Stimulated Desorption (ESD) of hydrogen adsorbed on a crystal surface was found to provide the desired properties: a sharp and well-defined energy distribution of the created proton beam and compatibility with ultrahigh vacuum.The aSPECTino spectrometer was built as test setup. It is a MAC-E filter which uses electro-magnetic fields to guide and select low-energy charged particles before detecting them in a solid-state detector. The detector is set at high voltage to post-accelerate the selected particles. The resistive coils of the spectrometer produce a magnetic field between 3.5 and 16 mT which is sufficient to confine low-energy positrons. Low-energy protons with a small radial momentum component can also be effectively guided onto the detector.CALIPSO, which stands for CALIbration Positron/proton SOurce, is a two-in-one calibration source: one apparatus is designed to provide, not at the same time, both positrons and protons. Its core is a tungsten (110) crystal. In the case of positrons the tungsten crystal is coupled to a 22Na positron source. The crystal serves as positron moderator and re-emits a fraction of the primary positrons from the Na source, with low energy and a small angular and energy spread. In the proton configuration the same crystal is used as substrate for adsorbed hydrogen. ESD is induced by electrons emitted from a hot cathode and hitting the tungsten crystal.This thesis introduces the physical processes used to create the low-energy positron and proton beams of CALIPSO as well as the design and the development of both the aSPECTino spectrometer and the CALIPSO source. It presents first experimental results of the preliminary characterizations of aSPECTino and CALIPSO. The expected performances of CALIPSO in both configurations and the sensitivity for comparisons of electrode potentials are derived and demonstrated by simulations

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Ribeiro, Eduardo da Silva. "Novas propostas em filtragem de projeções tomográficas sob ruído Poisson." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/438.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3115.pdf: 5210903 bytes, checksum: d78cb316f1a90afa1f1d9e435752a5f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos In this dissertation we present techniques for filtering of tomographic projections with Poisson noise. For the filtering of the tomogram projections we use variations of three filtering techniques: Bayesian estimation, Wiener filtering and thresholding in Wavelet domain. We used ten MAP estimators, each estimator with a diferent probability density as prior information. An adaptive windowing was used to calculate the local estimates. A hypothesis test was used to select the best probability density to each projection. We used the Pointwise Wiener filter and FIR Wiener Filter, in both cases we used a adaptive scheme for the filtering. For thresholding in wavelet domain, we tested the performance of four families basis of wavelet functions and four techniques for obtaining thresholds. The experiments were done with the phantom of Shepp and Logan and five set of projections of phantoms captured by a CT scanner developed by CNPDIA-EMBRAPA. The image reconstruction was made with the parallel POCS algorithm. The evaluation of the filtering was made after reconstruction with the following criteria for measurement of error: ISNR, PSNR, SSIM and IDIV. Nesta dissertação técnicas de filtragem de projeções tomográficas com ruído Poisson são apresentadas. Utilizamos variações de três técnicas de filtragem: estimação Bayesiana, filtragem de Wiener e limiarização no domínio Wavelet. Foram utilizados dez estimadores MAP, em cada uma densidade de probabilidade foi utilizada como informação a priori. Foi utilizado um janelamento adaptativo para o cálculo das estimativas locais e um teste de hipóteses para a escolha da melhor densidade de probabilidade que se adéqua a cada projeção. Utilizamos o filtro de Wiener na versão pontual e FIR, em ambos os casos utilizamos um esquema adaptativo durante a filtragem. Para a limiarização no domínio Wavelet, verificamos o desempenho de quatro famílias de funções Wavelet e quatro técnicas de obtenção de limiares. Os experimentos foram feitos com o phantom de Shepp e Logan e cinco conjunto de projeções de phantoms capturas por um minitomógrafo no CNPDIAEMBRAPA. A reconstrução da imagem feita com o algoritmo POCS paralelo. A avaliação da filtragem foi feita após a reconstrução com os seguintes crit_erios de medida de erro: ISNR, PSNR, IDIV e SSIM.

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Camilo, Mauricio Eiji. "Produção de Interferômetros Mach-Zehnder utilizando guias de onda do tipo pedestal e filmes finos de Bi₂O₃-WO₃-TeO₂ para aplicações em sensores ópticos integrados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-30122014-113909/.

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Neste trabalho foram produzidos Interferômetros Mach-Zehnder (IMZ) a partir de guias de onda do tipo pedestal com filmes finos de Bi₂O₃-WO₃-TeO₂ (BWT) como camada de núcleo para aplicações em sensores ópticos integrados. A influência dos parâmetros e dos materiais utilizados nas etapas de processo foi verificada. Os valores de índice de refração efetivo e coeficiente de absorção em função do comprimento de onda foram obtidos para os filmes finos BWT. Os guias de onda pedestais foram caracterizados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, medidas de perda por propagação e perfis de campo próximo em 633 nm e 1050 nm. Os valores mínimos obtidos nas perdas por propagação foram de ~1,5 dB/cm em 633 nm e 3,0 dB/cm em 1050 nm. As medidas de perfis de campo próximo mostraram que guias de onda com larguras superiores a 7 m apresentaram comportamento multimodo. Foram obtidos IMZs que apresentaram guiamento de luz por toda a estrutura, com comportamento multimodo. Sensores ópticos de pressão e temperatura foram produzidos. A fabricação de diafragmas através do processo de corrosão úmida do silício é apresentada no sensor de pressão. Sensores ópticos de temperatura foram produzidos com filamentos metálicos. As cavidades ópticas não foram obtidas nesse sensor. A potência de luz na saída dos sensores de temperatura foi medida em função da diferença de potencial aplicada no filamento metálico. Os resultados apresentados mostram que guias de onda do tipo pedestal produzidos com núcleo de BWT são promissores para aplicações em sensores ópticos integrados. In this work Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZI) were produced from the pedestal-type waveguides with Bi₂O₃-WO₃-TeO₂ (BWT) thin films as the core layer for applications in integrated optical sensors. The influence of the parameters and materials used in the process steps was verified. The values of the effective refractive index and absorption coefficient as a function of wavelength were obtained for the BWT thin films. The pedestal waveguides were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, by propagation loss measurements and near-field profiles at 633 nm and 1050 nm. The minimum values obtained by propagation losses were ~ 1.5 dB/cm at 633 nm and 3.0 dB/cm at 1050 nm. The measures of near-field profiles showed that waveguides with widths larger than 7 m presented multimode behavior. The MZIs obtained presented guiding light through the structure, with multimode behavior. Optical pressure sensors and temperature sensors were produced. The production of diaphragms using the wet etching process of silicon is presented on the pressure sensor. Optical temperature sensors were made with metallic filaments. Optical cavities were not obtained in this sensor. The light power in the output of the temperature sensors was measured as the voltage applied to the metal filament. The results show that the waveguides produced with pedestal-type and BWT thin films as core layer are promising for applications in integrated optical sensors.

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Vasques, Alexandre Ramos. "Nos rastros de Limite : um estudo de caso na história da preservação das imagens em movimento no Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5609.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5192.pdf: 7955176 bytes, checksum: 058213922167c7550f42929bb50317d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-20 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais The theme of this work is the film preservation in Brazil and its focus is the film preservation history of Limite (Mário Peixoto, 1931). In the introduction we situate our research within a Brazilian reality of appreciation of academic studies on the preservation of moving images, showing, in advance, some works, produced recently that have become fundamental sources of consultation in our research. In addition to the technical and historical sources, we also present in our bibliographic clipping related to Limite. The origins of our primary sources of research, filmic materials of Limite are also reported in the first lines of our work. In the first chapter of our work we try to approach the field of audiovisual archiving reader, describing each of the technical terms and concepts relevant to the preservation and restoration of audiovisual used throughout the text. In the second chapter, we give an account of contemporary Limite production years, and also of his rare nitrate copy views. The third chapter addresses issues related to the process of restoring physical chemistry of Limite s filmic materials, demand created by precarious conditions presented by the nitrate copy of the film, extending up to the purchase of materials and direct films on the work by Embrafilme, in 1980. The fourth chapter presents and analyzes some stretches of finegrain print, masters and master copy examined during our research, creating the necessary conditions to draw some conclusions about the handling incurred by work, dating from 1930 until 1980. O tema deste trabalho é a preservação de filmes no Brasil e o seu foco é a história da preservação do filme Limite (Mário Peixoto, 1931). Na introdução procuramos situar nossa pesquisa dentro de uma realidade brasileira de valorização de estudos acadêmicos sobre o universo da preservação das imagens em movimento, apresentando, de antemão, algumas obras, produzidas recentemente que se tornaram fontes fundamentais de consulta em nossa pesquisa. Além das fontes técnicas e históricas, procuramos também, apresentar na introdução nosso recorte bibliográfico relacionado a Limite. As origens de nossas fontes primárias de pesquisa, os materiais fílmicos de Limite, também são informadas nas primeiras linhas de nosso trabalho. No primeiro capítulo de nosso trabalho procuramos aproximar o leitor do campo da arquivística audiovisual, descrevendo cada um dos termos técnicos e conceitos pertinentes à preservação e restauração audiovisuais utilizados ao longo do texto. No segundo capítulo, procuramos dar conta dos anos contemporâneos à produção de Limite, e também de suas raras exibições em cópia nitrato. O terceiro capítulo aborda questões relacionadas ao processo de restauração físico-química dos materiais fílmicos de Limite, demanda criada pelas condições precárias apresentadas pela cópia em nitrato do filme, estendendo-se até à compra dos materiais fílmicos e dos diretos sobre a obra pela Embrafilme, em 1980. O quarto capítulo apresenta e analisa alguns trechos do contratipo, másteres e cópia máster examinados durante nossa pesquisa, criando as condições necessárias para tirarmos algumas conclusões sobre as manipulações sofridas pela obra, datadas desde 1930 até 1980.

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Books on the topic "MAC-E Filter"

Mothering modernity: Feminism, modernism, and the maternal muse. Garland Pub., 1999.

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Markendorf, Marcio, Leonardo Ripoll, and Renata Santos da Silva. Mundos da animação. Biblioteca Universitária Publicações, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/978-65-87206-36-3.

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Quinto volume da Coleção Cadernos de Crítica, Mundos da animação é resultado da curadoria do Projeto Cinema Mundo no primeiro semestre de 2019, cujo objetivo foi discutir o gênero da animação em filmes que utilizam desta estética para explorar suas narrativas. O conjunto de textos reunidos nesta publicação discorre sobre os filmes exibidos na curadoria, considerando o cenário sociohistórico das produções e do gênero da animação enquanto fenômeno cinematográfico e cultural. Entre os filmes abordados nos capítulos, estão Perfect Blue, Ilha dos Cachorros, Mary & Max: Uma Amizade Diferente e Com Amor, Van Gogh.

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Silva, João Maria da. Memórias de Orfeu. Edufatecie, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33872/edufat.memoriasdeorfeu.

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Um cineasta brasileiro que mora em Paris recebe a notícia de que seu irmão mais velho, o qual ele não vê há vários anos, ingeriu veneno e está muito mal. Ele toma o primeiro avião com destino ao Brasil. Os desdobramentos desse episódio o levam a pesquisar sobre transtornos neurológicos, como um dos temas de seu primeiro filme. E, logo no início da investigação, se depara com o diário de um professor que sofria de uma espécie de transtorno, além daqueles próprios do ofício. A partir daí, passa, igualmente, a colher depoimentos daqueles que são citados no diário. E, alternando passagens do diário com depoimentos de pessoas que conheceram o professor e de alguns especialistas no assunto, vai estruturando seu roteiro, bem como o livro que está sendo escrito. Esse processo, contudo, não se dá de modo tão ameno. E o cineasta vai percebendo que a história de vida de um sujeito nunca se completa, é plena de contradições; compreende que as pessoas se recusam a serem lidas em seus estereótipos; são mais que a soma das funções ou papéis que desempenham; e também não se reduzem a uma síntese de tudo; não funcionam isoladamente e são bem mais complexas que seus rótulos.

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Hill, Marylu. Mothering Modernity: Feminism, Modernism, and the Maternal Muse (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities). Routledge, 1998.

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Mothering Modernity: Feminism, Modernism, and the Maternal Muse. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "MAC-E Filter"

Santos, Roney Lira de Sales, Carlos Augusto de Sa, Rogerio Figueredo de Sousa, Rafael Torres Anchiêta, Ricardo de Andrade Lira Rabelo, and Raimundo Santos Moura. "Estimating Importance From Web Reviews Through Textual Description and Metrics Extraction." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4240-8.ch007.

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The evolution of e-commerce has contributed to the increase of the information available, making the task of analyzing the reviews manually almost impossible. Due to the amount of information, the creation of automatic methods of knowledge extraction and data mining has become necessary. Currently, to facilitate the analysis of reviews, some websites use filters such as votes by the utility or by stars. However, the use of these filters is not a good practice because they may exclude reviews that have recently been submitted to the voting process. One possible solution is to filter the reviews based on their textual descriptions, author information, and other measures. This chapter has a propose of approaches to estimate the importance of reviews about products and services using fuzzy systems and artificial neural networks. The results were encouraging, obtaining better results when detecting the most important reviews, achieving approximately 82% when f-measure is analyzed.

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Whitworth, Brian. "Spam as a Symptom of Electronic Communication Technologies that Ignore Social Requirements." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch083.

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Spam, undesired and usually unsolicited e-mail, has been a growing problem for some time. A 2003 Sunbelt Software poll found spam (or junk mail) has surpassed viruses as the number-one unwanted network intrusion (Townsend & Taphouse, 2003). Time magazine reports that for major e-mail providers, 40 to 70% of all incoming mail is deleted at the server (Taylor, 2003), and AOL reports that 80% of its inbound e-mail, 1.5 to 1.9 billion messages a day, is spam the company blocks. Spam is the e-mail consumer’s number-one complaint (Davidson, 2003). Despite Internet service provider (ISP) filtering, up to 30% of in-box messages are spam. While each of us may only take seconds (or minutes) to deal with such mail, over billions of cases the losses are significant. A Ferris Research report estimates spam 2003 costs for U.S. companies at $10 billion (Bekker, 2003). While improved filters send more spam to trash cans, ever more spam is sent, consuming an increasing proportion of network resources. Users shielded behind spam filters may notice little change, but the Internet transmitted-spam percentage has been steadily growing. It was 8% in 2001, grew from 20% to 40% in 6 months over 2002 to 2003, and continues to grow (Weiss, 2003). In May 2003, the amount of spam e-mail exceeded nonspam for the first time, that is, over 50% of transmitted e-mail is now spam (Vaughan-Nichols, 2003). Informal estimates for 2004 are over 60%, with some as high as 80%. In practical terms, an ISP needing one server for customers must buy another just for spam almost no one reads. This cost passes on to users in increased connection fees. Pretransmission filtering could reduce this waste, but creates another problem: spam false positives, that is, valid e-mail filtered as spam. If you accidentally use spam words, like enlarge, your e-mail may be filtered. Currently, receivers can recover false rejects from their spam filter’s quarantine area, but filtering before transmission means the message never arrives at all, so neither sender nor receiver knows there is an error. Imagine if the postal mail system shredded unwanted mail and lost mail in the process. People could lose confidence that the mail will get through. If a communication environment cannot be trusted, confidence in it can collapse. Electronic communication systems sit on the horns of a dilemma. Reducing spam increases delivery failure rate, while guaranteeing delivery increases spam rates. Either way, by social failure of confidence or technical failure of capability, spam threatens the transmission system itself (Weinstein, 2003). As the percentage of transmitted spam increases, both problems increase. If spam were 99% of sent mail, a small false-positive percentage becomes a much higher percentage of valid e-mail that failed. The growing spam problem is recognized ambivalently by IT writers who espouse new Bayesian spam filters but note, “The problem with spam is that it is almost impossible to define” (Vaughan-Nichols, 2003, p. 142), or who advocate legal solutions but say none have worked so far. The technical community seems to be in a state of denial regarding spam. Despite some successes, transmitted spam is increasing. Moral outrage, spam blockers, spamming the spammers, black and white lists, and legal responses have slowed but not stopped it. Spam blockers, by hiding the problem from users, may be making it worse, as a Band-Aid covers but does not cure a systemic sore. Asking for a technical tool to stop spam may be asking the wrong question. If spam is a social problem, it may require a social solution, which in cyberspace means technical support for social requirements (Whitworth & Whitworth, 2004).

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Whitworth, Brian. "Spam as a Symptom of Electronic Communication Technologies that Ignore Social Requirements." In E-Collaboration. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-652-5.ch107.

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Bergman, Ofer, and Steve Whittaker. "The Group Management Alternative." In The Science of Managing Our Digital Stuff. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035170.003.0008.

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People who are collaborating can share and organize files in two main ways: performing Group Information Management (GIM) using a common repository or performing Personal Information Management (PIM) by distributing files as e-mail attachments and storing them in personal repositories. One potential benefit for GIM is that it reduces the need for every collaborating participant to individually organize their information. However people are less successful and less efficient at finding files from common repositories than personal folders. Consistent with this, people show a preference for more traditional methods of file-sharing using email. PIM may induce better retrieval because it encourages people to actively organize their files using personal classifications. Such active personal organization is less likely with GIM.

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Li, Frederick W. B., Rynson W. H. Lau, and Parthiban Dharmendran. "An Adaptive Course Generation Framework." In Intelligent Learning Systems and Advancements in Computer-Aided Instruction. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-483-3.ch006.

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Existing adaptive e-learning methods are supported by student (user) profiling for capturing student characteristics, and course structuring for organizing learning materials according to topics and levels of difficulties. Adaptive courses are then generated by extracting materials from the course structure to match the criteria specified in the student profiles. In addition, to handle advanced student characteristics, such as learning styles, course material annotation and programming-based decision rules are typically used. However, these additives demand certain programming skills from an instructor to proceed with course construction; they may also require building multiple course structures to handle practical pedagogical needs. In this paper, the authors propose a framework based on the concept space and the concept filters to support adaptive course generation where comprehensive student characteristics are considered. The concept space is a data structure for modeling student and course characteristics, while the concept filters are modifiers to determine how the course should be delivered. Because of the “building block” nature of the concept nodes and the concept filters, the proposed framework is extensible. More importantly, the authors’ framework does not require instructors to equip with any programming skills when they construct adaptive e-learning courses.

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MENEZES ALVARENGA, JOELSA, VIVIANE BORGES DIAS, and LUCIANA LIMA MOTA. "ESTUDO DA MORFOLOGIA FLORAL NUMA PERSPECTIVA INCLUSIVA: EM FOCO, O ANDROCEU." In Itinerários de resistência: pluralidade e laicidade no Ensino de Ciências e Biologia. Editora Realize, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/viii.enebio.2021.01.272.

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É NOTÁVEL QUE PEQUENOS GRUPOS REPRESENTANTES DAS MINORIAS DA NOSSA SOCIEDADE ESTÃO CHEGANDO AS ESCOLAS DE ENSINO BÁSICO E ATÉ MESMO SUPERIOR, MAS, NÃO BASTA APENAS ESTAR EM NO ESPAÇO FÍSICO ESCOLAR, NECESSITA DE METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO QUE ATENDAM SUAS PARTICULARIDADES. SABEMOS QUE CRIAR E LANÇAR MÃO DE NOVAS METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO NÃO É ALGO FÁCIL, MAS TRAZEMOS AQUI UM MODELO DIDÁTICO (MD) DE BAIXO CUSTO, SE LEVARMOS EM CONTA SUA DURABILIDADE E ABRANGÊNCIA DE PÚBLICOS QUE ESTE PODE ESTAR ATENDENDO. O MD REPRESENTA O ANDROCEU (REGIÃO MASCULINA DA FLOR) E O ASSUNTO EM FOCO É MORFOLOGIA FLORAL E AS CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS ANTERAS, FILETES E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA DISPOSIÇÃO DOS ESTAMES NA FLOR.

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Pournelle, Jerry. "The Ten Worst E-mail Mistakes." In 1001 Computer Words You Need to Know. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195167757.003.0010.

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Anyone who uses e-mail should avoid the following mistakes: Giving confidential information in an unsecured e-mail. Your credit card number, for instance, can easily be sent throughout the world. It’s best to send credit-card information only through secure Web sites. See “How to Shop Safely Online” on p.143. Opening attachments from strangers. Never open an e-mail that has an attachment that is vague or says “Check this out!” A virus may spread by invading the contact list on a computer and sending itself to every e-mail address on the list. Opening unsolicited e-mail without first scanning for viruses. There are several free anti-virus programs available, and they should be updated regularly. Hitting “reply” to an unsolicited e-mail when asking to be taken off the sender’s list. By hitting “reply” you may be opening up your account to a deluge of spam. Hitting “reply all” when only the sender needs a response. Does everyone really need to know your reply? Think before you reply, especially if the e-mail was sent to a very large group. Forwarding hoaxes or jokes. Most people get too much e-mail, and they would prefer a real note from you, not a hoary joke or, worse, a scaremongering urban legend or false charity scam. If something sounds too good (or too shocking) to be true, it probably is. Check the web for information before you send something on; www.snopes.com is a great site for checking stories. Sending an e-mail without a signature. It’s helpful to include at least your name and e-mail address at the bottom of your message, especially if you are e-mailing someone for the first time. Don’t use a vCard (virtual business card). It may be mistaken for a virus. Sending an e-mail without spell-checking it. Most e-mail systems spell-check as you type or have a “spell-check before sending” setting. Sending large files or pictures. Don’t clog up your recipient’s mailbox—ask before sending big files. Sending e-mail without a “subject” line or with a vague subject line. Be specific.A subject that reads “Looking forward to dinner Saturday!” will get more attention than one that reads “hi” or “see you soon?” A blank subject line may get no attention at all.

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Scott, Douglass J., Constantinos K. Coursaris, Yuuki Kato, and Shogo Kato. "The Exchange of Emotional Content in Business Communications." In Mobile and Ubiquitous Commerce. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-366-1.ch011.

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This study compared the exchange of emotional content in PC and mobile e-mail in business-related discussions. Forty American business people were divided into two groups (PC and mobile e-mail users) and were then assigned to anonymous discussion pairs who exchanged a total of six messages on a predetermined topic. When a message was sent, the writers completed two questionnaires related to 12 target emotions: One questionnaire assessed the emotions they experienced and another estimated their partner’s emotional reaction. E-mail readers filled out similar questionnaires. Statistical analysis showed that when emotional exchange was successful, mobile e-mail users more accurately predicted positive emotions than did PC e-mail users. Conversely, when emotional exchange was unsuccessful, mobile e-mail users failed to accurately exchange negative emotions far more than their PC using counterparts. These findings indicate that the communication medium used may influence the exchange of emotional content in text-based communications.

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Delfino, Manuela. "Don’t Trash Your Spam!" In Handbook of Research on Didactic Strategies and Technologies for Education. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2122-0.ch070.

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Some activities that are typically regarded as “a waste of time” may inspire useful experiences in school contexts. This is the case of spamming. As competent users of digital technologies, we do everything we can in order to block spam messages (e.g., by choosing, training and updating anti-spam filters), but as teachers we can find that also in spam there is an educative potential that it is worth cultivating. This chapter presents a reflection based on an educational experience realized in a lower secondary Italian school during a course on Digital Literacy aimed at making students aware of different synchronous and asynchronous communication tools. In the activity presented here, the focus was on the analysis of different spam and phishing messages. Interacting within a wiki environment, students had the chance to reflect on the different elements that should be taken into account to detect strange and dangerous e-mail postings.

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Rich, Eliot. "E-ZPass and the Ohio Turnpike." In Cases on Public Information Management and E-Government Adoption. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0981-5.ch014.

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“Stop Stopping, Get Going.” The commonwealth of Virginia’s Web site slogan (2005) tells much of the E-ZPass story.1 E-ZPass uses computer technology to automate vehicle toll collection and payments across most of the northeastern and eastern sections of the United States. E-ZPass participants have radio frequency identification (RFID) tags installed in their cars to signal their trip through a tollbooth. Each entry and exit is recorded in a database and charged against an account on file. Bills for tolls may be paid automatically through a credit card charge or from deposits in a cash account. Electronic toll collection reduces delays at tolls, eliminates fumbling for change, trims air pollution from idling vehicles, and accelerates travel. By most accounts, E-ZPass has been a resounding success. Within the northeastern and midwestern United States, over 9 million account holders subscribe to the program, recording over 2 billion transactions each year for road, bridge, and tunnel use in 2006. Customer satisfaction is high, and program enrollments continue to grow. E-ZPass represents a state-of-the-art practice in electronic toll collection as well as a significant success in the use of RFID technology for consumers (U.S. Federal Trade Commission, 2005).

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Conference papers on the topic "MAC-E Filter"

Krebsbach, Meaghen A., Karim H. Muci-Ku¨chler, and Brandon J. Hinz. "Effect of Projectile Caliber and Speed on Bacterial Distribution in a Leg Surrogate." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39377.

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This paper examines the relationship between ballistic factors and bacterial distribution along a surrogate wound channel using ballistic gelatin cylinders with dimensions representative of the calf region of an average human leg. The ballistics factors considered were projectile caliber and speed, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used as the representative bacteria. In order to reduce the possibility of contamination by outside bacteria, the E. coli first underwent a transformation protocol to express Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and become resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. A set volume of bacteria was pipetted onto a small piece of filter paper which was placed on the surface of a ballistic gelatin cylinder and a projectile was shot through the bacteria saturated filter paper. The ‘wound track’ was divided into slices, and the area surrounding the permanent cavity was removed with a biopsy punch, liquefied, and grown on selective LB media containing ampicillin. Examination of the bacterial colony count along the permanent cavity segments allowed comparison of how variations in projectile caliber and speed affected contamination distribution along the ‘wound track’. Initial results indicate that larger calibers may result in higher contamination distribution at the projectile entrance and exit regions and higher speeds compress the distribution and result in a drop in contamination level near the exit.

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Masood, Haris, Saad Rehman, Muazzam Khan, et al. "A novel technique for recognition and tracking of moving objects based on E-MACH and proximate gradient (PG) filters." In 2017 20th International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccitechn.2017.8281849.

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Silva, Maria Luiza Santana de Oliveira, and Jéssica Florinda Amorim. "A PERSPECTIVA COGNITIVA COMPORTAMENTAL SOBRE O LUTO ANTECIPATÓRIO: UMA POSSIBILIDADE DE ELABORAÇÃO DO LUTO." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Psicologia Clínica e Social On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1676.

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Introdução: O luto é a dor emocional ou agonia que se sente quando se perde, por separação ou afastamento, um objeto que lhe dê significado. O luto antecipatório oferece uma maneira de compreender e vivenciar uma ruptura esperada e já declarada. Objetivos: Como podemos nos preparar para uma ruptura inesperada e já declarada, que é o luto antecipatório. Metodologia: Pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa com proposta exploratória e interpretativa, mediante uma análise de um filme que ilustra um luto antecipatório. O filme analisado foi sob uma perspectiva cognitiva comportamental sobre o luto antecipatório. Resultados: Receber um diagnóstico de uma doença, traz um sofrimento único, individual, e quando vem acompanhado de um prognóstico de que o tratamento trará desconforto e que provavelmente não terá resultados satisfatórios, é algo muito mais desalentador. Isso foi muito bem interpretado no filme “Pronta para amar”, lançado em 2011 no Brasil, mas que narra toda a trajetória de Marley no luto antecipatório e na despedida de seus entes queridos, realizada em recortes de cenas do filme, que foram identificadas em categorias, contexto da trama, descrição das fases do luto e apresentação da Terapia Cognitivo-comportamental. Conclusão: a importância do luto, a preparação para essa finitude inevitável e a possibilidade de aprofundar e compreender a dinâmica do luto antecipatório. A Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental procurar ajudar o enlutado a solucionar seus conflitos, facilitando a superação das etapas do luto, identificando os recursos disponíveis e avaliando quais as principais preocupações. Importância que discussão seja feita na formação em Psicologia, para que os profissionais tenham condições de auxiliar a todos aqueles que os procurem com o objetivo de vivenciar e superar o luto.

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Oliveira, Sávio Salvarino Teles, Vagner Rodrigues, and Wellington S. Martins. "SmarT: Uso de Aprendizado de Máquina para Filtragem e Recuperação Eficiente de Dados Espaciais e Temporais em Big Data." In XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbbd.2020.13627.

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Com o aumento do volume de dados de séries temporais na era de Big Data, a filtragem e recuperação eficiente de um grande volume de dados, utilizados como entrada no processamento de séries temporais, são uns dos maiores desafios da área. Diversos sistemas de Big Data foram criados para lidar com estes desafios, mas nenhum possui o melhor desempenho de filtragem e recuperação de dados em todos os cenários com filtros espaciais e temporais. Este trabalho apresenta o motor de busca SmarT que utiliza algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina para escolher, em tempo real, o melhor sistema Big Data para filtrar e recuperar os dados de séries temporais. O trabalho avalia o Apache Spark, Elasticsearch e SciDB e mostra uma redução de quase 22% do tempo de resposta utilizando o SmarT.

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Gadelha Tertuliano, Filippe José, Rafael De Melo Silva Santos, Euler Cássio Tavares de Macêdo, and Juan Moises Maurício Villanueva. "Estudo comparativo entre UKF e EKF na estimação de SoC em baterias de lítio-íon sob diferentes condições de temperatura." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.984.

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As baterias se tornaram um assunto amplamente estudado em diferentes áreas científicas após o aumento de aplicações dependentes de sistemas de energia em diferentes setores da sociedade e industrial. Com o intuito de aumentar a segurança e eficiência do armazenamento de energia, é necessário monitorar e controlar as baterias continuamente com algoritmos robustos e precisos, baseados em um modelo do sistema. O Estado de Carga (State of Charge - SoC) é um dos mais importantes parâmetros da bateria, pois ele representa a sua capacidade disponível de fornecimento de energia em relação à sua capacidade nominal. É comum utilizar o método de Filtro de Kalman Estendido (EKF), que estima parâmetros do modelo do sistema dinâmico não-linear a partir de um processo de linearização complexo, mas eficaz. Contudo, o algoritmo de estimação do SoC baseado em Filtro de Kalman Unscented (UKF) é capaz de estimar os parâmetros do modelo com maior eficácia computacional com relação a sua contraparte EKF. Assim, neste artigo, é realizada a estimação do SoC de baterias de lítio-íon utilizando os algoritmos EKF e UKF para identificar qual deles apresenta melhor desempenho em comparação com a complexidade de implementação, considerando a influência da variação de temperatura sob o sistema.

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O'Brien, J. R., M. D. Etherington, and G. P. Salmon. "DN.9693 COMPARED WITH PROSTACYCLIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN E1 IN SEVEN PLATELET TESTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644815.

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A new drug, DN.9693, has low Km phosphodiesterase inhibitory properties. Its effect on seven broad spectrum platelet "function" tests has been compared with the effects of prostacyclin E1 (PGI1) and prostaglandin E (PGE ). The tests were (1) platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, adrenaline, thrombin, arachidonic acid and ristocetin; (2) a new test in which platelets aggregate after adding distilled water to cause osmotic stress; (3) the loss of platelets washed in buffered saline; (4) clot retraction; (5) the glass bead column platelet retention test; (6) the in vitro filter "bleeding time" (see two other submitted abstracts); (7) the amount of platelet factor 4 (PF4) which "leaks" from platelets at room temperature.PGI2 inhibited all seven tests, 50% inhibition of the various tests required from 0.1 to 44ng/ml of PGI2. PGE1 also inhibited in all tests but on average required 18 times higher concentrations. Thus an increase in cAMP may be relevant to all these tests, but an understanding of the mechanisms involved is incomplete. DN.9693 inhibited only the first four tests; the equi-active concentration was about 600 times that of PGI2. DN.9693, 2.5μg/ml, caused 50% inhibition of ristocetin induced aggregation and at 4μg/ml had a minor effect on the filter bleeding time. Thus DN.9693 may affect the platelet membrane glycoproteins. In conclusion it is confirmed that PGE1 is less active than PGI^ but has similar activities. DN.9693 whenstudied in these tests has many, but notall, of the prostaglandin-like properties.

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Cunha, Isabela de Oliveira, Alfredo de Almeida Cunha, Fernando Maia Peixoto Filho, and Paulo Roberto Nassar de Carvalho. "Predição de crescimento intrauterino restrito no rastreio combinado de primeiro trimestre." In 44° Congresso da SGORJ - XXIII Trocando Ideias. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-2020130250.

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Introdução: O conceito de restrição do crescimento fetal tardio (CFT) foi introduzido para descrever fetos com insuficiência placentária que não é grave o suficiente para resultar em CFT com fluxo arterial umbilical anormal, mas é grave o suficiente para associar-se com alto risco perinatal ou complicações de longo prazo. Entretanto, há necessidade de retroceder a investigação para o primeiro trimestre, na esperança de possível intervenção. Objetivo: Realizar revisão bibliográfica do tema. Material e Métodos: As palavras-chave CIUR (crescimento intrauterino restrito) e IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) foram identificadas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). O termo CIUR também foi pesquisado na Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), nos últimos dez anos. Com o auxílio do Endnote, foram realizadas pesquisas no PubMed usando a palavra-chave (MeSH term) intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), no período 2011‒2020. Os artigos foram baixados e foi montada uma pasta com eles em formato pdf. Posteriormente, foram importados pelo Endnote. Resultados: Na LILACS, nos últimos 10 anos, foram recuperados 20 artigos com texto completo. No PubMed, no período 2011‒2020 (até agosto), foram identificadas 5.551 referências sob o título “intrauterine growth restriction”. Utilizando como filtro a expressão “first trimester”, restaram 370 referências, e após um segundo filtro (“screening”), 308 referências. Destas, conseguimos os textos completos em .pdf de 101, que foram utilizados para a presente revisão. Modelos foram identificados incluindo dados clínicos maternos (método de contracepção, tabagismo, altura materna), métodos de imagem (Doppler da artéria uterina, avaliando o índice de pulsatilidade — PI) e avaliação bioquímica (fator de crescimento placentário — PlGF, gonadotrofina coriônica — βhCG, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A — PAPP-A, soluble fms-like tytosine kinase — sFlt-1 e disintegrin and metalloprotease — ADAM 12). Conclusão: Neste estudo, foram utilizados diferentes modelos com associação dos fatores mencionados anteriormente. Ainda não se identificou o modelo ideal, necessitando de novos estudos.

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Veloso Ribeiro, Daniel, Cairo Lúcio Nascimento Júnior, and Wagner Chiepa Cunha. "Navegação Visual Autônoma de um Veículo Terrestre em Escala Reduzida." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1190.

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Este artigo propõe e apresenta simulações de um sistema de navegação visual autônoma para um veículo diferencial com quatro rodas em escala reduzida. O sistema de navegação é composto por: 1) um controlador de seguimento de faixa que processa a imagem de uma câmera embarcada no veículo para corrigir sua orientação e velocidade, 2) um algoritmo de localização do veículo que usa filtro de Kalman para estimar a pose do veículo (posição e orientação) usando dados de um receptor GNSS RTK, uma bússola digital e sensores de odometria. Foram investigadas e comparadas três possíveis soluções para o controlador de manutenção de faixa. A primeira solução usa uma abordagem com algoritmo de janelas deslizantes para processar a imagem da câmera embarcada, extrair a distância do veículo para o centro da faixa e o seu raio de curvatura. Um controlador proporcional _e utilizado, então, para calcular a velocidade desejada para as rodas do veículo. A segunda solução usa uma rede neural convolucional profunda para imitar a primeira solução, isso é, a rede neural recebe a imagem da câmera como entrada e é treinada para gerar a mesma saída que o controlador proporcional usado na primeira solução. A terceira solução também aplica uma rede neural convolucional profunda, mas a rede é treinada usando dados gravados quando um motorista humano dirigiu o veículo no mesmo ambiente simulado. Todas as três soluções foram capazes de manter o veículo em uma margem de erro aceitável da trajetória desejada.

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Kasichainula, Nagesh, and Sanjeev K. Khanna. "Preliminary Mechanical Characterization of Reinforced Rigid Polyurethane Foams." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43397.

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Rigid polyurethane foams are very widely used in a variety of structural and non-structural applications. For example, it may be used as an insulator, in sandwich layered composite panels, and as filler for improving the stiffness of lightweight components, such as thin metal tubes. Rigid foams do not show any recovery after impact and typically are crushed or crumble. They also tend to degrade over a period of time. Thus in this investigation, reinforced rigid polyurethane foams have been developed and characterized for their quasi-static mechanical properties. Rigid polyurethane foam was reinforced with short, 0.47 mm length, milled E-glass fibers. It has been observed that short glass fiber reinforcement helps in improving the mechanical properties, such as tensile modulus, breaking strength, and compression modulus, of the reinforced foam as compared to monolithic foam.

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Fujimori, T., T. Saeki, K. Harada, M. Sato, and N. Ohshima. "ANTI-THROMBOTIC EFFECTS OF E-5510 IN EXPERIMENTAL THROMBOSIS MODELS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643429.

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A new agent developed in our laboratory, 4-cyano-5,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-pentenoic acid (E-5510), suppressed various human platelet functions in vitro. The compound also showed quite potent ex vivo anti-platelet effects in many experimentalanimals. It is well known that anti-platelet effects are not always parallel to anti-thrombotic effects. Thus, in order to predict the efficacy of E-5510 in thrombotic disorders, the anti-thrombotic effects were examined in 3 different animal models of thrombosis.(1) Anti-thrombotic effect in an extracorporeal shunt model Two hrs after oral administration of the drug to guinea pigs,an extracorporeal shunt between the right carotid artery and the left jugular vein was performed. The thrombus formation on a silk thread inserted in the shunt tube was quantitated by measuring the time from the onset of circulation to the stenosis of blood flow. E-5510 dose-dependently inhibited thrombus formation, the minimum effective dose being 0.03 mg/kg.(2) Effect on microthrombus formation in mesenteric arteriole In order to evaluate the effect on intravascular platelet thrombus formation, thrombosis was induced in vivo in mesenteric arteriole in guinea pigs with filtered light from a mercury lamp and an intravenous fluorescent dye in an intravital microscope system (M. Sato and N. Ohshima, Thromb. Res.,35, 319, 1984). The thrombus formation was quantitated by measuring the time taken for circulating platelets to begin to adhere to vessel wall and the time taken for blood flow to stop completely due to fully developed thrombus. Both the time required for platelet adhesion to vessel wall and for platelet thrombus formation were significantly prolonged after oral administration of E-5510.(3) Effect on pulmonary thromboembolism Acute pulmonary thromboembolism was induced in mice by a bolus intravenous injection of arachidonic acid, and mortality was determined 3 min later. E-5510 dose-dependently reduced pulmonary thromboembolic mortality, and its ED50 was 0.11 mg/kg. The results described above indicate thatE-5510 may have beneficial effects in clinical treatments of thrombotic disease.

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Academic literature on the topic 'MAC-E Filter'

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