Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maca (plant)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Maca (plant)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Maca (plant)"

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Gonzales, Gustavo F. "Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacology ofLepidium meyenii(Maca), a Plant from the Peruvian Highlands." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/193496.

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Lepidium meyenii(maca) is a Peruvian plant of the Brassicaceae family cultivated for more than 2000 years, which grows exclusively in the central Andes between 4000 and 4500 m altitude. Maca is used as a food supplement and also for its medicinal properties described traditionally. Since the 90s of the XX century, an increasing interest in products from maca has been observed in many parts of the world. In the last decade, exportation of maca from Peru has increased from 1,415,000 USD in 2001 to USD 6,170,000 USD in 2010. Experimental scientific evidence showed that maca has nutritional, energizer, and fertility-enhancer properties, and it acts on sexual dysfunctions, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, memory and learning, and protects skin against ultraviolet radiation. Clinical trials showed efficacy of maca on sexual dysfunctions as well as increasing sperm count and motility. Maca is a plant with great potential as an adaptogen and appears to be promising as a nutraceutical in the prevention of several diseases.
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Quandt, P., and M. Puga. "Manic episode secondary to maca." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1188.

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IntroductionMaca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant grown in the Andes Mountains, formerly used for nutritional purposes. Nowadays is used as a nutritional supplement and energizing.ObjectivesTo describe a case of manic episode secondary to maca consumption, as an ingredient of an energizing product.AimsTo report on antidepressant properties of maca, based on a clinical case.MethodsX. is a 27-years-old male without any psychiatric history. He came to the emergency service because of the presence of sudden onset behavioral disorders, presenting a manic-like episode of seven hours of evolution. His symptoms consisted in psychomotor restlessness, hyperactivity, insomnia, verbose and loud speech, hyperthymia, megalomaniac verbalizations, and unsuitable future plans. The patient had self-awareness of his symptoms and was self-critical with his behavior. He reported he was consuming an energizing supplement containing maca from about two weeks ago. Treatment with olanzapine 20 mg was initiated, and the patient remained under observation for 24 hours.ResultsSymptomatology subsided completely after 24 hours. The patient is discharged from the hospital with diagnosis of manic episode secondary to maca, without any treatment. He was advice to not take stimulants.ConclusionsThere are studies reporting that maca plant has antidepressant properties, associated with the activation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems, as well as the attenuation of oxidative stress. However, more studies are needed to identify specific compounds that produce these effects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hahn, Dongyup, Taeho Lee, Sangkyu Lee, Jong-Sup Bae, MinKyun Na, and Minyoul Kim. "Discovery and Quantitative Analysis of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor (Nrf2) Activators in Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Using the Synthetic Macamides." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_034.

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Abstract Objectives Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a biennial herbaceous plant of family Brassicaceae with various bioactivities such as reproductive health enhancement, antifatigue, antioxidation, neuroprotection, anticancer, hepatoprotection, and immunomodulation. But studies on molecular mechanisms beyond the phenomenal physiology are rare because the putative bioactive chemical constituents, macamides, a series of unique N-benzylamides with long-chain fatty acids are difficult to isolate from the natural maca specimen. In this study, ten macamides were chemically synthesized to investigate biological mechanisms underlying the various bioactivities. Methods Macamides were synthesized from benzylamides and commercially available fatty acids adding 1,1'-carbonyl diimidazole. Nrf2 activation of macamides were measured using U2OS cells in CP0. Quantitative analysis of bioactive macamides were performed using LC-MS/MS system and synthesized standard macamides. The difference in composition of macamides among three cultivars, yellow, red and black macas was also examined. Results Three of macamides exhibited moderate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation was observed from cell-based assay (EC50 7.3–16.5 μM), which might account for some of the known bioactivities of maca. Quantitative analysis of macamide compositions in maca specimen using LC-MS/MS was followed, which revealed the macamides with Nrf2 activation activity consist the majority among macamides contained in maca. Conclusions Among the bioactivities that have known as the beneficial effects of maca, bioactivities related to antioxidation might be accounted for the Nrf2 activation of macamides contained in maca. Funding Sources This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (2019R1F1A1051041).
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McCollom*, Megan, Stefan Gafner, and Lyle E. Craker. "Synthesis of n-Benzylhexadecanamide as a Standard for Quantifying Macamides in Maca." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 779B—779. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.779b.

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Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.), a root crop similar to radish, has been consumed in Peru for thousands of years as a food and medicine. Medicinally, the plant is used to increase human and livestock stamina and to ameliorate fertility problems associated with living at the high elevations in which the plant grows. The reputation of maca as a fertility and libido enhancer has increased the popularity of the plant in the United States and other Western countries. Constituents of interest in maca include fatty acids and macamides, but to evaluate the quality of maca products and raw material, fatty acid and macamide standards are required. While fatty acid standards are obtainable, macamide standards are not commercially available. In this study, one major macamide, n-benzylhexadecanamide, was synthesized with high yields using benzylamine and palmitoyl chloride as starting materials. The process, which was a relatively easy, one-step synthesis, could be used also to obtain other macamides without going through a time-consuming isolation. The major macamides in extracts of dried, ground maca sourced from vendors in the United States and Peru were identified and quantified by LC-UV/MS using n-benzylhexadecanamide as a standard compound.
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Turgud, Firdevs Korkmaz, and Doğan Narinç. "Influences of Dietary Supplementation with Maca (Lepidium meyenii) on Performance, Parameters of Growth Curve and Carcass Characteristics in Japanese Quail." Animals 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030318.

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Maca plant contains rich nutrients and in addition, it has various bioactive substances (N-benzyl-palmitamide, benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates and phenolics). It is used to improve reproductive properties and has antioxidant effects for both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding maca plant powder to the ration at different levels on growth, slaughter carcass, partial egg production and some reproductive characteristics in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The experimental groups were formed by adding 0% (control), 0.05% and 0.1% maca powder to the diet, and a total of 300 birds were used. Growth (weekly body weights, parameters of Gompertz growth function), feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of quails in the 42-day fattening trial were determined. Reproductive characteristics were measured up to 22 weeks of age. Addition of maca powder to the diet increased the feed consumption (p < 0.05) but did not affect body weights at 35 and 42 days of age, β0 and β1 parameters or point of inflection weight of the Gompertz model, carcass traits, partial egg production or fertility. It may be advisable to add 0.1% maca powder to the diets of breeders. Besides, maca powder reduced embryonic deaths and improved chick quality (both p < 0.05). It is thought that different results for reproductive traits can be obtained if maca powder is used for a longer period in the diets of breeder quail flocks.
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Zaytseva, Olga, Meylin Terrel Gutierrez, and Simone Graeff-Hönninger. "Effect of Day Length on Growth and Root Morphology of Yellow Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Seedlings." International Journal of Plant Biology 13, no. 2 (May 5, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb13020008.

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Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a biennial herbaceous plant of the family Brassicaceae, which recently gained research attention as well as consumer interest. Its underground storage organs are used both as a food and as traditional medicine. The storage organs, called fleshy-hypocotyls, are formed by swollen hypocotyl tissues fused with a taproot. The attempts to grow maca outside of its centre of origin have increased globally, although many cropping requirements are unknown. In terms of fleshy-hypocotyl formation, the impact of day length remains unclear. In this study the effects of day length (8 h, 16 h) on early plant development and hypocotyl thickening in yellow maca were investigated in a rhizobox experiment under controlled conditions (20 °C day and 18 °C night temperature, and relative air humidity 25–30%). Results of a 13-week cultivation period showed that number of leaves and leaf length significantly increased in plants grown under long-day (LD, 16 h) conditions as compared to those from the short-day (SD, 8 h) treatment. Furthermore, plants developed under LD conditions had larger hypocotyl width within 67 days after sowing. At 88 days after sowing, the width was almost two-fold higher. Moreover, the total root length of maca plants from LD treatment was significantly longer and had more fine roots (diameter < 0.4 mm) than in plants cultivated in SD treatment. The obtained results suggest that in early stages of plant development LD can stimulate root development and hypocotyl thickening in yellow maca.
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Guo, Shan-Shan, Xiao-Fang Gao, Yan-Rong Gu, Zhong-Xiao Wan, A.-Ming Lu, Zheng-Hong Qin, and Li Luo. "Preservation of Cognitive Function byLepidium meyenii(Maca) Is Associated with Improvement of Mitochondrial Activity and Upregulation of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Middle-Aged Mouse Cortex." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4394261.

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Maca has been used as a foodstuff and a traditional medicine in the Andean region for over 2,000 years. Recently the neuroprotective effects of maca also arouse interest of researchers. Decrease in mitochondrial function and decline in autophagy signaling may participate in the process of age-related cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate if maca could improve cognitive function of middle-aged mice and if this effect was associated with improvement of mitochondrial activity and modulation of autophagy signaling in mouse cortex. Fourteen-month-old male ICR mice received maca powder administered by gavage for five weeks. Maca improved cognitive function, motor coordination, and endurance capacity in middle-aged mice, accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiratory function and upregulation of autophagy-related proteins in cortex. Our findings suggest that maca is a newly defined nutritional plant which can improve mitochondrial function and upregulate autophagy-related proteins and may be an effective functional food for slowing down age-related cognitive decline.
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Kasprzak, Dorota, Barbara Jodlowska-Jedrych, Katarzyna Borowska, and Agnieszka Wojtowicz. "Lepidium meyenii (Maca) – multidirectional health effects – review." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2018-0021.

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Abstract Lepidium meyenii, commonly known as Maca, is a Peruvian plant that grows high in the Andes, in areas over 4,000 meters above sea level. Its composition contains almost all of the essential amino acids and twenty of the essential fatty acids needed by man, as well as many vitamins, minerals and several sterols and glucosinolates. The specific and unique unsaturated acids and amides found only in this plant are the macaenes and macamides. Most valuable ingredients are contained within the hypocotyls. Maca comes in three forms, based on its root colour, yellow, red and black. Although used individually, consumption recommendations are usually for a mix of all three. Since Inca times, it has been considered as super food. Although now mostly used in the form of a supplement, ongoing research does not exclude future applications of Maca as medicine. It is attributed to have an effect on male fertility (adding energy and vitality), and in regulating hormone secretion. In animal studies, Maca has been shown to have antioxidant, neuroprotective effects and antiviral activity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated to alleviate the effects of depression. In addition, there are reports that Maca reduces the development of cancer and osteoporosis, improves memory, facilitates concentration and alleviates the symptoms of menopause. The obtained results, however, require further analysis to confirm its effect. Currently, there is little information on toxicity, so there is a need for specialized research in this area, and on-going research concerns the most effective variety and form of preparation of Maca for administration to achieve best effects. The potential of Maca as medicine exists. The increasing pan-continental popularity of Maca has created the need for a better understanding of its action mechanisms.
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Karpstein, Tanja, Sheena Chaudhry, Solange Bresson-Hadni, Michael Hayoz, Ghalia Boubaker, Andrew Hemphill, Reto Rufener, et al. "Maca against Echinococcosis?—A Reverse Approach from Patient to In Vitro Testing." Pathogens 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101335.

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Drug-based treatment of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) with benzimidazoles is in most cases non-curative, thus has to be taken lifelong. Here, we report on a 56-year-old male AE patient who received standard benzimidazole treatment and biliary plastic stents, and additionally self-medicated himself with the Peruvian plant extract Maca (Lepidium meyenii). After 42 months, viable parasite tissue had disappeared. Based on this striking observation, the anti-echinococcal activity of Maca was investigated in vitro and in mice experimentally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. Albendazole (ABZ)-treated mice and mice treated with an ABZ+Maca combination exhibited a significantly reduced parasite burden compared to untreated or Maca-treated mice. As shown by a newly established UHPLC-MS/MS-based measurement of ABZ-metabolites, the presence of Maca during the treatment did not alter ABZ plasma levels. In vitro assays corroborated these findings, as exposure to Maca had no notable effect on E. multilocularis metacestodes, and in cultures of germinal layer cells, possibly unspecific, cytotoxic effects of Maca were observed. However, in the combined treatments, Maca inhibited the activity of ABZ in vitro. While Maca had no direct anti-parasitic activity, it induced in vitro proliferation of murine spleen cells, suggesting that immunomodulatory properties could have contributed to the curative effect seen in the patient.
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Fano, Diego, Cinthya Vásquez-Velásquez, Cynthia Gonzales-Castañeda, Emanuel Guajardo-Correa, Pedro A. Orihuela, and Gustavo F. Gonzales. "N-Butanol and Aqueous Fractions of Red Maca Methanolic Extract Exerts Opposite Effects on Androgen and Oestrogens Receptors (Alpha and Beta) in Rats with Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9124240.

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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) affects, worldwide, 50% of 60-year-old men. The Peruvian plant red maca (Lepidium meyenii) inhibits BPH in rodents. This study aimed to determine the effects of methanolic red maca extract and its n-butanol and aqueous fractions on expression of androgen and oestrogen receptors in rats with testosterone enanthate-induced BPH. Thirty-six rats in six groups were studied. Control group received 2 mL of vehicle orally and 0.1 mL of propylene glycol intramuscularly. The second group received vehicle orally and testosterone enanthate (TE) (25 mg/0.1 mL) intramuscularly in days 1 and 7. The other four groups were BPH-induced with TE and received, during 21 days, 3.78 mg/mL of finasteride, 18.3 mg/mL methanol extract of red maca, 2 mg/mL of n-butanol fraction, or 16.3 mg/mL of aqueous fraction from red maca. Treatments with red maca extract and its n-butanol but not aqueous fraction reduced prostate weight similar to finasteride. All maca treated groups restored the expression of ERβ, but only the aqueous fraction increased androgen receptors and ERα. In conclusion, butanol fraction of red maca reduced prostate size in BPH by restoring expression of ERβ without affecting androgen receptors and ERα. This effect was not observed with aqueous fraction of methanolic extract of red maca.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maca (plant)"

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Souza, Clarice Sales Moraes de. "Diretrizes para conserva??o da esp?cie Mimosa Caesalpiniifolia Benth., Maca?ba-RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18225.

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About 40% of the earth is occupied by tropical and subtropical forests, including 42% of dry forests, where there is Caatinga Bioma, contemplating tree forests and shrubs, with xerophytic characteristics. Study and conservations of Caatinga biologic diversity is one of the greatest challenges of Brazilian science because those are, proportionally, the less studied among natural areas, with most of the scientific effort centered in very few points around the main cities in the area and also because it is the less protected natural Brazilian area. The environmental degradation is constantly increasing and has its rhythm accelerated by the men appropriation to meet or not their own needs. Therefore, species conservation should be based in three principles: the use of natural resources by present generation, waste prevention and use of the natural resources to benefit the majority of the citizens. Among the strategies to species conservation, we can mention the ex situ conservation , in which the conservation of genetic resources may be realized outside of the natural environment in which the species occur, and in situ conservation , or, in other words, in the places where the species occur. In ex situ conservation, the germplasm collections are maintained in the field and/or in laboratories (conservation chambers), and this mainly conserves intraspecific diversity (genetic variance), the ex situ collections are continuously enriched by collection activities, introduction and germplasm interchange; the in situ conservation preserving ecosystems and habitats, maintaining and recovering native population of species of interest. So, the objective of this paper is the search for strategies to the conservation of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia B. (sabi?) using instruments of environmental perception and plant biotechnology, as mechanisms of in situ and ex situ conservation. To environmental perception, were realized open, semi-structured and qualitative interviews. The questions included socioeconomic data and knowledge of Sabi? specie. To plant biotechnology, Sabi? seed collection were realized in different location to formation of a germplasm bank. The specie micropropagation was made from nodal segment of plants from the matrizeiro. About the knowledge of rural populations and the use of Sabi? plant, some preferences occurred from speeches that the plant possesses a firm wood, not attacked by termites, legalized for exploration by the Brazilian environmental organ (IBAMA), and is a native specie. This research found the rural population has knowledge about Sabi? specie and the natural resources are exhausting. The proposal that the rural community brought was the donation of the Sabi? specie seeding initiating on the rain season, in which the seeding would be plated between the lots, in individual plantations. To the formation of a matrix bank, plant biothecnology brought answers favorable to Sabi? specie seeding, with the formation of multiple shoots
Cerca de 40% do globo terrestre est? ocupado pelas florestas tropicais e subtropicais, entre as quais 42% s?o compreendidas pelas florestas secas, onde se inclui o Bioma Caatinga, contemplando com floresta arb?rea ou arbustiva, de caracter?sticas xerof?ticas. O estudo e a conserva??o da diversidade biol?gica da Caatinga ? um dos maiores desafios da ci?ncia brasileira, pois, estas s?o proporcionalmente as menos estudadas entre as ?reas naturais, com grande parte do esfor?o cient?fico concentrado em alguns poucos pontos em torno das principais cidades da regi?o, e tamb?m por ser a regi?o natural brasileira menos protegida. A degrada??o do meio ambiente vem aumentando cada vez mais, tendo, ao mesmo tempo, seu ritmo acelerado em decorr?ncia da sua apropria??o cada vez maior pelo homem, a fim de suprir suas necessidades imediatas ou n?o. Assim a conserva??o de esp?cies deveria basear-se em tr?s princ?pios: os usos dos recursos naturais pela gera??o presente, a preven??o de desperd?cio e o uso dos recursos naturais para benef?cio da maioria dos cidad?os. Dentre as estrat?gias para conserva??o de esp?cies, podemos citar a conserva??o ex situ , na qual a conserva??o dos recursos gen?ticos pode ser realizada fora do ambiente de ocorr?ncia natural das esp?cies e conserva??o in situ , ou seja, nos locais de ocorr?ncia das esp?cies. Na conserva??o ex situ as cole??es de germoplasma s?o mantidas no campo e/ou laborat?rios (c?maras de conserva??o), e esta trata particularmente de conservar diversidade intraespec?fica (variabilidade gen?tica), as cole??es ex situ s?o continuamente enriquecidas por atividades de coleta, introdu??o e interc?mbio de germoplasma, j? a conserva??o in situ conservam-se ecossistemas e habitats, mantendo e recuperando popula??es nativas de esp?cies de interesse. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa ? a busca de estrat?gias para conserva??o de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia B. (sabi?) utilizando instrumentos de percep??o ambiental e biotecnologia vegetal, como mecanismos de conserva??o in situ e ex situ. Para a percep??o ambiental, realizamos entrevistas abertas, semi-estruturadas e de forma qualitativa. As perguntas eram compostas por dados socioecon?micos e conhecimentos da esp?cie Sabi?. Para a biotecnologia vegetal, coletas de sementes de Sabi? foram realizadas em distintos locais para a forma??o de um banco de germoplasma. A micropropaga??o da esp?cie foi a partir de segmentos nodais de plantas provindas do matrizeiro. Com rela??o ao conhecimento das popula??es rurais ao uso da planta Sabi? ocorreram prefer?ncias a partir dos discursos que a planta possui uma madeira firma, n?o ? atacada por cupim, ? legalizada para a explora??o pelo ?rg?o ambiental federal (IBAMA), e ? uma esp?cie da regi?o. A pesquisa caracterizou que a popula??o rural possui conhecimentos sobre a esp?cie Sabi? e que percebem que os recursos naturais est?o se exaurindo. A proposta que a comunidade rural sup?s foi ? doa??o de mudas da esp?cie Sabi? a partir do per?odo das chuvas, em que as mudas seriam plantadas na divis?o entre os lotes, em plantios individuais. Para a forma??o de um banco de matrizes, a biotecnologia vegetal trouxe respostas favor?veis na produ??o de mudas da esp?cie Sabi?, com a forma??o de brota??es e mudas vigorosas
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Quispe, Paye Sabina. "Response of three ecotypes of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) to five levels of ovine manure in the community of Yampupata (Manco Kapac province - La Paz)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5424.

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This study was conducted in the community of Yampupata, in the municipality of Copacabana, in the Manco Kapac province, La Paz, to an altitude of 3841 m.a.s.l, agricultural campaign 2003-2004. The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the fenological stages (germination, growth, leafing, and harvesting), hypocotyl yield (dry and fresh), classification of the hypocotyl (diameter, length, etc.), and the economical evaluation as well. The experiment set up was installed in the lower region of the community, dedicated to agriculture, performing all the aforementioned activities together for the period of a year. The experimental design was of Random blocking test, having three types of Maca (lepidium mevenni Walp.): yellow, purple, and cream , five levels of ovine manure ( 0.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 10.0 tn/ha), distributed in the four blocks, 15 treatments, 60 experimental units, with a planting density of 3 kg/ha, and a total area of 300 m². According to the results, it is recommended to plant the cream, and the yellow ecotype of Maca, due to their positive development under the conditions of the soil, and climate of the zone. The cream ecotype under the effect of 7.5 tn/ha of ovine manure (a3b3) had a yield of 8055.06 kg/ha in 238 days (8 months) , with a rentability index of 3.75. In comparison, the purple ecotype with a 0.0 tn/ha of ovine manure (a2b1) had a yield of 4319.55 kg/ha, and a rentability index of 1.74 in eight months. The cream ecotype with 7.5 tn/ha of ovine manure, presented the best behavior under local conditions (climate, soil, and handling), the yield and rentability index were superior to the other treatments; therefore, it is recommended to implement a production plan in the sector according to the results obtained from the study.
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Reyes, de la Cruz Vilma Julia. "Determinación de aflatoxinas y ocratoxinas en la maca seca y harina de maca (Lepidium meyenii walp)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2580.

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Se ha determinado la concentración de aflatoxina total y ocratoxina A en la maca seca y harina de maca (Lepidium meyenii walp), así como los factores fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos que influyen en su producción. Para ello se ha recolectado muestras de 4 comunidades productoras y de 4 mercados principales. Los factores extrínsecos como temperatura y humedad relativa promedio son 10oC y 52,5% en las comunidades y 15oC y 71% en los mercados, estas condiciones hacen posible el crecimiento y desarrollo de Fusarium avenaceum, Penicillium corylophylum, P.commune, P.chrysogenum, Aspergilus níger, A.flavus, A.ochraceus, esclerotia de A.flavus, Rizophus y levaduras. Se ha determinado la concentración promedio de aflatoxina total 0,8295 ppb (µg/Kg), cifra que indica buena calidad de maca seca y la concentración promedio de ocratoxina A 8,703 ppb, cifra que sobrepasa el límite máximo permitido por la USL 123/2005. Los factores que influyen en la producción de ocratoxina A son los azúcares reductores y el pH. El promedio de hongos totales es 50 x 102 ufc/g y no es un factor influyente en la producción de esta micotoxina. Las muestras de comunidades tuvieron mayor cantidad de ocratoxina A y número de hongos que las muestras de los mercados. En harina de maca, el promedio de aflatoxina total es 12,4528ppb encontrándose concentraciones altas en la harina tostada a granel del mercado Central de Lima y los factores influyentes son humedad relativa, pH y acidez. El promedio de ocratoxina A es 2,8916ppb encontrándose concentraciones altas en la harina del mercado de Chupaca, los factores influyentes son los azúcares reductores y el pH. Por otro lado, el número de hongos en harina de maca es 78 x 102 ufc/g y es un factor influyente en la producción de aflatoxina total pero no en la producción de ocratoxina A.
It has been determined the concentration of total aflatoxin, A ochratoxin in dried maca (Lepidium meyenii walp) and maca flour and the physicochemical and microbiological factors affecting their production. It has been collected samples from 4 productive communities and 4 main markets. Extrinsic factors such as temperature and relative humidity are 10oC y 52,5% in communities and 15 oC y 71% in markets which are favourable conditions for growing Fusarium avenaceum, Penicillium corylophylum, P.commune, P.chrysogenum, Aspergilus níger, A.flavus, A.ochraceus, esclerotia de A.flavus, Rizophus and yeasts. It was determined total aflatoxin content average (0,8295 µg/Kg), which indicates the good quality of dried maca and A ochratoxin content average (8,703 ppb), which exceeds the permissible maximum limit given by USL 123/2005. The factors affecting A ocratoxin production are reducing sugars and pH. Total fungi average is 50x102 cfu/g but is not a factor affecting this mycotoxin. The community samples had higher concentrations of A ochratoxin and total fungi than the market samples. In maca flour, total aflatoxin content average is 12, 4528 ppb in which the toasted flour in bulk from the Central market in Lima had the highest content and the main influential factors are humidity, pH and acidity, while A ochratoxin content average is 2,8916ppb, in which the flour from Chupaca had the highest concentration and the main influential factors are reducing sugars and pH. On the other hand, the number of fungi in maca flour is 78 x 102 cfu/g affecting total Aflatoxin but not A ocratoxin production.
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Lobaton, Erazo Margarita Eva. "Micronutrientes en Lepidium meyenii. W (Maca - Maca) y actividad en sujetos con anemia ferropénica e hiperlipidemia." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6308.

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Determina los efectos que produce la raíz de maca en sujetos con hiperlipidemia y anemia ferropénica. Valora los niveles séricos de hierro en sujetos con anemia ferropénica, y los niveles de colesterol total, LDL colesterol y triglicéridos en sujetos hiperlipidémicos. Utiliza una muestra de 100 sujetos distribuídos en dos grupos: grupo A de 50 personas con anemia ferropénica y grupo B de 50 personas con hiperlipidemia. Se les administró 20 gramos de polvo de maca diariamente durante 30 días. Antes de la ingesta de polvo de maca, se les cuantificó hierro a los sujetos del grupo A, mientras que a los del grupo B, colesterol total, L.D.L. colesterol y triglicéridos. Después de la ingesta de maca, el grupo A presentó un incremento significativo de hierro, y el grupo B registró una disminución significativa de colesterol total, iguales resultados se obtuvieron con el L.D.L. colesterol y los triglicéridos.
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Arias, Ramírez Angela Renee. "Biotecnología y metabolitos secundarios en Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, "Maca"." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1401.

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Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (maca), es una crucífera altoandina, que crece a entre los 3,500 y 4500 m.s.n.m. Originaria de la meseta del Bombón, en los departamentos de Junín y Pasco; por sus cualidades medicinales y su alto valor nutritivo, es una planta de alto interés económico, cuyo cultivo se ha extendido a otras regiones de nuestro país. En el presente trabajo se estudió la susceptibilidad de la especie a las técnicas del cultivo de tejidos como herramienta de producción de metabolitos secundarios. Se realizó la inducción de callos en diferentes explantes de L. peruvianum utilizando la auxina 2,4-D y la citoquinina Kinetina, en un factorial de medios con diferentes concentraciones auxina/citoquinina. Se obtuvieron callos en la mayoría de los medios usados, la relación de hormonas más eficiente fue 1 _M auxina/citoquinina. Se evaluó la presencia de glucosinolatos y alcaloides en los callos obtenidos y se compararon con muestras control de hipocótilos de maca. Se observó la presencia variable de dos fracciones de glucosinolatos en los callos, en la mayoría de los casos las manchas tuvieron una coloración más intensa en los callos que en los controles. De otro lado se observó una alta variabilidad en la presencia de alcaloides y otros metabolitos no identificados en los callos obtenidos en este trabajo. También se evaluó cualitativamente la presencia de mirosinasas en los callos obtenidos, observándose bandas positivas en los callos y las muestras de plantas de maca.
Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, is a Cruciferae native from the Andes. It grows between 3,500 and 4500 m. Original from the Bombón plateau, located at the Peruvian localities Junín and Pasco. It became in a crop with a high economical value, due its medicinal and nutritional properties. Actually, it is extended to other regions of the country. The main objective of this research is to study the tissue culture ability of the crop to use in vitro tissues as a tool for secondary metabolite production. Leaves, petioles, roots and hypocotils of L. peruvianum were tested as explants to induce calli. Different concentrations of 2,4-D and Kinetin, in MS basic medium were tested. Calli were induced in most of the media tested, the most efficient hormone ratio auxin/citokinin was 1. It was evaluated the presence of glucosinolates and alkaloids in the callus induced and compared to maca hypocotils as control sample. Two glucosinolates fractions were obtained from calli analyzed. It was found one or two fractions according to the callus and in most of the cases the concentration was higher in callus than in control. In the other hand, it was observed a high variability in the alkaloid fractions and other unidentified metabolites extracted from the calli evaluated in this work. It was also evaluated the presence of myrosinases in the calli studied, and it was found positive bands either in callus as in maca hypocotils.
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García, Hurtado Jacquelin. "Comparación de la actividad de extractos de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (maca) sobre leucocitos procedentes de individuos saludables e infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/879.

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La infección con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV), causa una profunda inmunodepresión que expone a las personas infectadas a diversas infecciones oportunistas. Lepidium peruvianum Ch. presenta varias propiedades como, su capacidad estimulante de la reproducción y energizante, investigaciones recientes han demostrado su capacidad antitumoral e inmunoestimulante. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la actividad de tres tipos de extractos (clorofórmico, acuoso y metanólico) de L. peruvianum Ch. en cultivos de leucocitos de personas saludables y HIV-1+. Para ello, células sanguíneas de 5 voluntarios sanos y 5 HIV-1+ fueron cultivadas por triplicado en presencia de cada extracto a una concentración final de 800µg/mL y se incubó por 16 horas a 37 ºC. Se realizó el recuento de los leucocitos y sus 4 estirpes celulares (linfocitos, neutrófilos, eosinófilos y monocitos) mediante hemograma manual y de las poblaciones de linfocitos T CD3+CD4+ y CD3+CD8+ por citometría de flujo. Se empleó el medio de cultivo RPMI como control negativo de la prueba. En las personas saludables, para las 4 estirpes celulares evaluadas, el extracto clorofórmico logró incrementar significativamente el número de linfocitos (p=0.003). La población linfocitaria T CD3+CD4+ presentó un incremento celular con el extracto clorofórmico (p= 0.004).En las personas HIV-1+, los 3 extractos lograron incrementar el número de leucocitos. En los individuos pertenecientes al estadío C se observó que el extracto clorofórmico logró un incremento significativo del número de linfocitos respecto al control. Estos resultados pueden ser de gran ayuda para utilizar a L. peruvianum Ch. en el tratamiento de personas infectadas con HIV-1 contribuyendo con restaurar el nivel y funcionamiento de las células T infectadas por el virus. Palabras Clave: Lepidium peruvianum, Lepidium meyenii, maca, inmunoestimulante, metabolitos secundarios, HIV-1, SIDA.
--- Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), causes a profound immunosuppression that exposes people infected to various opportunistic infections. Lepidium peruvianum Ch. has several properties, the most known, its ability stimulating the reproduction and energizing or revitalizing, recent research has shown antitumor and immunostimulatory capacity. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of three types of extracts (chloroform, methanol and aqueous) of L. peruvianum Ch. in cultures of leukocytes from healthy people and HIV-1+. To do this, blood cells from 5 healthy and 5 HIV-1+ volunteers were cultured in triplicate in the presence of each extract at a final concentration of 800μg/mL and incubated for 16 hours at 37 ° C. We performed the counting of leukocytes and their 4 cell lines (lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes) through a hemogram and populations of T lymphocytes CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ by flow cytometry. We employed RPMI culture medium as negative control test. In healthy people, for the 4 cell lines tested, the chloroform extract was able to increase significantly the number of lymphocytes (p= 0.003). The CD3+CD4+ lymphocyte population showed an increase cell with the chloroform extract (p= 0.004). In people HIV-1+ the 3 extracts were able to increase the number of leukocytes. In individuals belonging to stage C showed that the chloroform extract achieved a significant increase in number of lymphocytes over control. These results may be helpful to use a L. peruvianum Ch. in treating people infected with HIV-1 contributing to restore the level and function of T cells infected with the virus. Key Words: Lepidium peruvianum, Lepidium meyenii, maca, immunostimulant, secondary metabolites, HIV-1, AIDS.
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Ayambo, Saavedra Luis Danny. "Optimización del proceso de extracción etanólica de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, "maca"." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1111.

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El presente trabajo de investigación desarrolla una metodología para la optimización del proceso que incremente la extracción de glucosinolatos principalmente el benciglucosinolato del extracto etanólico de la raíz tuberosa de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (Maca) bajo la forma de extracto atomizado. El proceso optimizado se inicia con la recolección de la raíz tuberosa de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (maca) procedente de distrito de San Francisco de Uco (Junín), se le adiciona nitrógeno líquido para disminuir la temperatura a – 50° C que inhibe la actividad de las mirosinasas, enzimas que degradan los glucosinolatos, inmediatamente se procede al molido utilizando un molino de martillos provisto de malla N° 4, luego por malla N° 10, se trasvasa el molido a un tanque de acero con agitador, que contiene alcohol etílico de 80° con agitación constante durante 72 horas a temperatura ambiente; se separa la fase líquida del extracto etanólico utilizando una centrífuga, el líquido separado se transfiere a un tanque enchaquetado, con agitación constante se le adiciona maltodextrina, que es el soporte, se le lleva a una temperatura de 90° C y con el empleo de una bomba se le ingresa al atomizador para la obtención del extracto atomizado en polvo. Se procede a homogenizar utilizando una tamizadora provista de malla N° 60 obteniéndose un polvo fino. La identificación y cuantificación por HPLC del bencilglucosinolato presente en el extracto atomizado utiliza como fase móvil acetonitrilo : metanol : agua (25:25:50) y columna octilsilano 5 um (125 mm x 4.6 mm), el tiempo de retención tanto para el estándar del bencilglucosinolato como para la muestra fue de 9.55 minutos, la cantidad de bencilglucosinolatos en el extracto atomizado del proceso optimizado fue de 0.475 g% , en tanto que para el proceso común fue 0.219 g%. La metodología ofrece una alta especificidad para la extracción de bencilglucosinolato presente en Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (Maca).
The present work of investigation develops a methodology for the optimization of the process that increases the extraction of glucosinolates mainly the benciglucosinolate of the etanolic extract by the tuberous root of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (maca) under the form of atomized extract. The optimized process begins with the harvesting by the tuberous root of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (maca) coming from district of San Francisco de Uco (Junín), adds liquid Nitrogen to him to diminish the temperature to - 50° C that inhibits the activity of myrosinases, enzymes which they degrade the glucosinolates, immediately is come to the worn out one using a mill of hammers provided with mesh N° 4, soon by mesh N° 10, it adds the ground one to a steel tank with agitator, who contains etilic alcohol of 80° with constant agitation during 72 hours to room temperature; the liquid phase of the etanolic extract separates using a centrifuge, the separated liquid is transferred to a jacketed tank, with constant agitation adds maltodextrin to him, that is the support, takes to him to a temperature of 90° C and with the use of a pump it is entered to him the spray for the obtaining of the extract atomized in dust. It is come to homogenize using a tamizadora provided with mesh N° 60 obtaining a fine dust. The identification and quantification by HPLC of the bencilglucosinolates present in the atomized extract use like movable phase acetic nitrile: metanol: water (25:25:50) and octilsilane column 5 um (125 mm x 4,6 mm), the time of retention as much for the standard of the bencilglucosinolate as for the sample was of 9,55 minutes, the amount of bencilglucosinolates in the atomized extract of the optimized process was of 0,475 g%, whereas for the common process he were 0,219 g%. The methodology offers a high specificity for the extraction of bencilglucosinolate present in Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (maca).
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Vahala, Jorma. "Ozone responses - Russian roulette in plant cells?" Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/maa/sbiol/vk/vahala/.

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Juárez, Eyzaguirre José Roger. "Enriquecimiento en componentes asimilables del polvo seco de maca mediante hidrólisis por enzimas purificadas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2583.

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En el presente estudio, se llevó a cabo la hidrólisis enzimática de carbohidratos, fibras (celulosa) y de proteínas contenidas en la maca, un recurso natural de uso muy difundido a nivel mundial, con el fin de desdoblar los componentes y nutrientes de la maca a unidades más simples y asimilables por los seres humanos. Se utilizaron las siguientes enzimas comerciales: celulasa (Celluclast® 1,5 L), amilasa (Fungamyl® BG), multienzima (Viscozyme® L) y peptidasa (Neutrase®), las mismas que fueron proporcionadas por Novo Nordisk. Se diseño un ensayo preliminar utilizando doce condiciones de ensayo o tratamiento del polvo de maca con una enzima o combinaciones de estas. Cuando se empleó dos o tres enzimas, en algunos casos estas se aplicaron en forma secuencial y en otros simultáneamente. Las condiciones de reacción se estandarizaron para todos los sistemas preliminares. Luego se seleccionaron cinco por presentar mejores condiciones de reacción y mayor cantidad de azúcares reductores y proteínas. Los resultados analíticos en los cinco sistemas ensayados nos muestran que la concentración de azúcares reductores, producto del desdoblamiento de los carbohidratos alcanza concentraciones entre 77 a 90 g %, en los sub productos de la hidrólisis. De otro lado la concentración en proteínas alcanza valores entre 20 a 33 g %; estas por acción de la proteasa, nos han permitido identificar hasta 13 aminoácidos por cromatografía en capa fina bidimensional. Así mismo se demostró la presencia de dos alcaloides en el polvo de maca, los cuales también fueron identificados en los sub productos de las hidrólisis, demostrando que estos procesos no afectan la estructura de estos metabolitos. Palabras clave: Maca en polvo, hidrólisis enzimática, enzimas industriales, componentes asimilables.
In the present study was carried out the enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates, fibers (cellulose) and of proteins contained in Maca, natural resource very diffused at world level, with the purpose of unfolding the components and nutritious of Maca to simpler and more assimilable units for the human beings. The following commercial enzymes were used: cellulase (Celluclast® 1.5 L), amylase (Fungamyl® BG), multienzyme (Viscozyme® L) and peptidase (Neutrase ®), the same ones that were provided by Novo Nordisk. It was designed a preliminary test using twelve evaluation or treatment of Maca´s powder with an enzyme or combinations of these. When it was used two or three enzymes, in some cases these they were applied in sequential form and in other they were applied simultaneously. The reaction conditions were standardized for all the preliminary systems. Then, five were selected to present better reaction conditions and bigger quantity of sugars reducers and proteins. The analytic results in the five tested systems show us that the concentration of sugars reducers, product of the unfolding of carbohydrates reaches concentrations among 77 to 90 g %, in the sub products of hydrolysis. However the protein concentration reaches values among 20 to 33 g % for action of the protease, there being identified 13 amino acids by chromatography in two-dimensional fine layer. Likewise the presence of two alkaloids was demonstrated in Maca´s powder, which were identified also in the sub products of hydrolyses, demonstrating that these hydrolysis processes don't affect the structure of these metabolites. Key words: Maca´s powder, enzymatic hydrolysis, industrial enzymes, assimilable components.
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Marín, Bravo Manuel Jesús. "Estudio morfohistológico y farmacológico de Lepidium meyenii Walpers "Maca"." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11310.

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El estudio se enfoca principalmente en la caracterización histológica del órgano reservante subterráneo y el ensayo farmacológico de las fracciones lipídicas aisladas a partir del extracto hexánico del mismo, sobre el aparato reproductor de ratones hembras. Los diferentes estudios realizados hasta la fecha muestran carencia en la información botánica referente a los detalles histológicos de la naturaleza anatómica del órgano reservante; por otro lado existen numerosos reportes de la variada composición en metabolitos secundarios presentes en la planta, sin embargo no ha sido demostrado que tipo de sustancias están implicadas en el efecto terapéutico de estimulante de la reproducción humana asociado a esta planta. Asimismo, el órgano reservante se caracteriza por su importante contenido en ácidos grasos y fitoesteroles, ambos tipos de sustancias asociadas a los procesos reproductivos. La investigación se realizó con variedades amarillas de maca procedentes de los andes centrales (puna de Junín) y comprendió el estudio morfoanatómico del órgano reservante y parte aérea de la planta y el ensayo farmacológico de fracciones aisladas en ratones hembras. El estudio morfohistológico se realizó, empleando la técnica de inclusión en parafina, con tinción y montaje permanente de los cortes seriados a micrótomo e incluyó cortes a mano alzada de muestras fijadas en FAA (formaldehido, ácido acético glacial y etanol). El ensayo farmacológico comprendió primero la obtención de un extracto hexánico a partir del material seco y luego la saponificación del mismo para el fraccionamiento en sus componentes principales, ácidos grasos y esteróles totales. Posteriormente se administraron por vía oral las diferentes fracciones aisladas en ratones hembras en dos niveles de dosis, por un período de 16 días, al término de los cuales se procedió al sacrificio y disección de los animales para la extracción de ios ovarios, tomando registro de sus pesos, para luego fijarlos en formaldehido neutro 5%. Los resultados muestran en el órgano reservante, las características de una región de transición entre la zona radical, de una estructura secundaria lignificada y el tallo primario reducido, con el desarrollo de una amplia zona medular y una característica actividad cambial anómala en la zona cortical que contribuye al engrasamiento del órgano. Así mismo, entre los detalles histológicos adicionales reportados para esta planta están el desarrollo de una cubierta suberificada de células corticales primarias en vez de peridermis en el órgano reservante y la presencia de pelos cónicos unicelulares en las hojas. El ensayo farmacológico muestra un significativo efecto de la fracción esteróles totales sobre los ovarios de los animales evaluados, a nivel de la formación de los folículos secundarios. A los 16 días de tratamiento la dosis de 100 mg / kg muestra un claro efecto estrogénico. Asimismo, el extracto hexánico presento un fuerte efecto antiestrogénico, disminuyendo el peso y el diámetro de los ovarios y folículos secundarios a los 8 y 16 días. Este efecto lo presenta también la fracción de ácidos grasos totales, en dosis de 100 mg / kg a los 16 días de tratamiento. El ensayo del extracto etanólico de maca, proveniente del residuo del extracto hexánico, no presentó efecto a nivel del sistema reproductor de los animales estudiados. Se concluye que el órgano reservante de la maca tiene las características de una región de transición entre la raíz y el tallo y presenta además una importante actividad cambial secundaria responsable del engrasamiento del órgano. Así mismo la fracción de esteróles totales presenta un efecto estrogénico en el aparato reproductor de los animales estudiados mientras que el extracto hexánico presenta un fuerte efecto antiestrogénico en los mismos.
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Books on the topic "Maca (plant)"

1

Cabieses, Fernando. La maca y la puna. [Perú]: Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Escuela Profesional de Turismo y Hotelería, 1997.

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Bautista, Juan Peter Vilchez. El cultivo de la maca y su consumo. Lima, Perú: CONCYTEC, 2001.

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Vilches, Lida Obregón. Maca : planta medicinal y nutritiva del Perú. Lima, Perú: Instituto de Fitoterapia Americano, 1998.

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Vilches, Lida Obregón. Maca: Planta de los Incas, maravilla de la ciencia. Lima, Perú: Instituto de Fitoterapia Americano, 2006.

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Building identities: Socio-political implications of ancient Maya city plans. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2010.

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Storey, Robert. Hong Kong, Macau & Guangzhou: A Lonely Planet travel survival kit. 8th ed. Hawthorn, Vic., Australia: Lonely Planet Publications, 1997.

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McCandless, Ronald S. Hypersonic characteristics of an advanced aerospace plane at Mach 20.3. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Storey, Robert. Hong Kong, Macau & Canton: A Lonely Planet travel survival kit. 7th ed. Hawthorn, Vic., Australia: Lonely Planet Publications, 1994.

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Seler, Eduard. Plano jeroglífico de Santiago Guevea. [Mexico City?]: Ediciones Guchachi' Reza, 1986.

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Walenta, Z. A. Mach reflection of a moving, plane shock wave under rarefied flow conditions. Warsaw, Poland: Dept. of Fluid Mechanics, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Maca (plant)"

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Zhou, Long, Bin Li, Sihong Li, Ngan Leng Lei, and Kengfong Cheong. "Transportation Integration Development in Hengqin and Macao." In Urban and Regional Cooperation and Development, 67–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8061-9_5.

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AbstractThis chapter first analyses the accessibility of public transportation in Macao and Hengqin based on the plans in the draft ‘Macao Land Transport Master Plan (2021–2030)’. Secondly, the accessibility of schools, bus stops, and other public services in Macao and Hengqin is quantitatively assessed by applying the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to analyse the adequacy of public services in terms of population density in the transportation areas. Finally, the equity of accessibility in the two areas is compared using the Gini coefficient.
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Schlicht, Wolfgang, and Marcus Zinsmeister. "Mach einen Plan!" In Gesundheitsförderung systematisch planen und effektiv intervenieren, 1–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46989-7_1.

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Khare, C. P. "Citrus paradisi Macf." In Indian Medicinal Plants, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_364.

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Khare, C. P. "Madhuca butyracea Macr." In Indian Medicinal Plants, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_961.

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Zhou, Long, Bin Li, Sihong Li, Ngan Leng Lei, and Kengfong Cheong. "Cooperation Planning System for Hengqin and Macao." In Urban and Regional Cooperation and Development, 35–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8061-9_3.

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AbstractThe planning system, as a crucial instrument for the government to lead spatial development, is differently designed and operated in Hengqin and Macao within the ‘One Country, Two Systems’. To ensure the cooperation of these two systems, experience from international and domestic cases as cross-border cooperation of planning will be analysed. Four aspects of the planning system, namely legal system, formulating plans, planning management and planning practice, are comparatively studied in Hengqin and Macao. The master plan is employed as an example to display the similarities and differences between planning systems in these two regions. From the analyses, this chapter proposes suggestions to contribute to future planning-led development in Guangdong–Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin.
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Khare, C. P. "Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Macb." In Indian Medicinal Plants, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_963.

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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Citrus paradisi Macf." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 809–12. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_2647.

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Zhou, Long, Bin Li, Sihong Li, Ngan Leng Lei, and Kengfong Cheong. "Background of the Guangdong–Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin." In Urban and Regional Cooperation and Development, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8061-9_1.

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AbstractSince the handover of Macao, its economy has grown rapidly under the success and advantages of the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ policy. However, gaming is the single most crucial income source of Macao’s economy, and the progress of Macao’s economic diversification has been limited by its geographic and demographic limitations. The ‘Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area’ is a national strategic development plan that included Macao as one of the key cities to help develop the Greater Bay Area (GBA) and helped Macao break through its development bottleneck. As the ‘Hengqin Overall Development Plan’ released in 2009, Hengqin has developed rapidly, with increasing population growth which transformed itself from a small town to a developed city with comprehensive infrastructure, high-rise buildings and supporting utilities. Later in 2021, the ‘General Plan for Construction of the Guangdong–Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin’ was released to lay out the foundation and goals of utilising Hengqin to supplement Macao in incorporating into the strategic development of the GBA. Both Hengqin and Macao would benefit mutually via in-depth strategic cooperation at a national level. However, this opportunity also comes with various challenges to overcome.
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Khare, C. P. "Maba nigrescens Dalz. & Gibs." In Indian Medicinal Plants, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_960.

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Basieux, Pierre. "Ja, mach nur einen Plan …" In Abenteuer Mathematik, 227–66. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2885-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maca (plant)"

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Mitani, Tohru, Tetsuo Hiraiwa, Shigeru Sato, Sadatake Tomioka, Takeshi Kanda, Toshihito Saito, Tetsuji Sunami, and Kouichiro Tani. "Scramjet engine testing in Mach 6 vitiated air." In Space Plane and Hypersonic Systems and Technology Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4555.

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Huang Wenxiong, Xu Wenlong, Qu Zhiyun, and Yun Song. "Risk management in BOT projects of WTE plant." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987721.

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Jiajun Yang, Xiaojun Zhou, Ruijing Teng, and Peixin Li. "New method for compensating uncertainty of control plant." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987926.

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Jialei Zhu and Xiangdong Jiao. "Applications of underwater laser welding in nuclear power plant maintenance." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987606.

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Jia Long and Pan Jianwu. "Detection, appraisement and strengthening of a plant building after fire." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988327.

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Richards, W., and Richard Monaghan. "Design of a flight article for a Mach-8 boundary-layer experiment." In Space Plane and Hypersonic Systems and Technology Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4565.

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Messitt, D., H. Nagamatsu, and L. Myrabo. "NPARC simulation of scramjet inlet experiments at Mach numbers from 10-20." In Space Plane and Hypersonic Systems and Technology Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4530.

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Bogar, Thomas, William Butters, David Schoch, Daniel Farrell, John Edwards, Richard Sacks, Jerry Budd, and Karen Richards. "On the design and flight test of a subscale Mach 10 RPV." In Space Plane and Hypersonic Systems and Technology Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4570.

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Lee, Shang-Hsiu (Mike). "Catalytic Dedioxin System Demonstration at Covanta’s Wallingford Plant." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7056.

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Although the Energy from Waste (EfW) industry has made dramatic improvements in reducing dioxin emissions over the last two decades, the presence of any dioxins in the stack gases from EfW plants continues to be a negative to the acceptance and growth of the EfW industry in the United States. Covanta Energy owns and operates 40 EfW facilities in the U.S. with average dioxin emissions 10 times below the EPA MACT standard of 30 ng/dscm. This emission standard is expected to be reduced in the coming years as the EPA implements new MACT standards. Covanta has taken the position of being in the forefront of the legislation and has an ongoing commitment to continuously lower the emissions of existing plants below regulatory requirements. This commitment has led Covanta to team with CRI Catalyst Company (CRI) to evaluate the application of CRI’s dedioxin technology (SDDS®) in Covanta’s EfW plants.
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Jinsong Tang and Baolin Xiong. "Shallow reinforcement effect of plant roots on construction stability of shallow tunnel." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987504.

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Reports on the topic "Maca (plant)"

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Assad, Luis Tadeu, Alejandro Munoz Munoz, María Suarez Bonet, Gracie Verde Selva, and Barbara Brakarz. Projeto Rural Sustentável: Fase I: Promovendo o desenvolvimento e a agricultura de baixa emissão de carbono na Amazônia e na Mata Atlântica. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003190.

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O Projeto Rural Sustentável é fruto de uma parceria de Cooperação Técnica financiada pelo Fundo Internacional para o Clima (IFC) do Governo Britânico, tendo como beneficiário o Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Mapa). O Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) é o órgão executor do Projeto, sendo o Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade (IABS) a instituição selecionada para realizar a implementação das atividades administrativas e logísticas da Fase I. O Projeto conta também com o apoio da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) e do Banco do Brasil. Em linhas gerais, o Projeto, que acaba de finalizar a Fase I, com foco nos biomas Amazônia e Mata Atlântica, tem como objetivos melhorar o uso da terra e das florestas por pequenos(as) e médios(as) produtores(as) rurais, promover o desenvolvimento rural sustentável, reduzir a pobreza, conservar a biodiversidade e proteger o clima. O fio condutor de suas atividades tem sido o investimento na implantação de tecnologias de baixa emissão de carbono, por meio das mais variadas ações econômicas e socioambientais, de maneira complementar ao Plano de Agricultura de Baixa Emissão de Carbono - Plano ABC, um dos planos setoriais da Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima (PNMC).
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Richard D. Boardman, B. H. O', Brien, N. R. Soelberg, S. O. Bates, R. A. Wood, and C. St. Michel. High Temperature Calcination - MACT Upgrade Equipment Pilot Plant Test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910616.

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Tierney, Geraldine. Climate change trends and impacts at Martin Van Buren National Historic Site: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289957.

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This assessment synthesizes information about current and projected climate and related impacts at Martin Van Buren National Historic Park (MAVA) in order to help park stewards understand, plan, and manage for climate change. Working with a group of park managers, scientists, and local stake-holders, six key park resources were identified for assessment herein: Climate, Water quantity, Phenology, Agriculture, Trees, and Cultural resources. Where data was available, this analysis assessed current condition and considered mid-century (2030–2060) and end-of-century (2100) impacts based on a range of projected future climate conditions, including reduced, low, high and highest emission pathways. Climate change stressors identified for MAVA include: Increased temperature, increased hot days, increased precipitation, increased extreme precipitation events, increased flooding and erosion, shifting ranges of both native species and pest, pathogen and weed species, and phenological shifts and mismatches.
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Ghosal, Samit, and Binayak Sinha. The cardiovascular benefits of GLP1-RA are directly related to their positive effect on glycaemic control: A meta-regression analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0071.

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Review question / Objective: P (patient population) = Type 2 diabetes patients with high CV risk or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; I (intervention) = Received drugs: GLP1-RA; C (control group) = Compared to a control group that received a placebo; O (outcome) = Outcomes of interest included primary CV outcomes (MACE, CV death, MI, and Stroke). Condition being studied: To explore whether the heterogeneity associated with the primary outcomes benefits can be attributed to the metabolic improvements associated with GLP1-RA. The plan is to use HBA1c, weight, and SBP reduction as moderators attempting to explain any variance between the true and observed effect size.
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Thomas C. Hart, Thomas C. Hart. Feeding the Gods: What Plants Were the Maya Growing in the City Center of La Milpa, Belize? Experiment, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/7814.

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Soriano, C., and R. Rossi. D8.4 Report on dissemination activities. Scipedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2022.3.01.

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In Deliverable D8.1 (M18) we presented a first version of the Dissemination Plan for the ExaQUte project. The present document, prepared during the 2nd (and last) review period of the project, represents the updated version of the Dissemination Plan of ExaQUte, and therefore builds on the aforementioned deliverable. This document, thus, focuses on the new activities that have been undertaken from M18 to M42 regarding the dissemination activities. It should be mentioned that the pandemic situation that started in Mach 2020 (actually, in Spain we were sent to confine to our houses the day after the celebration of the First Review meeting of this project) has had an impact in our life, and in our project, particularly in the dissemination actions. The lockdown made impossible most of the activities related to dissemination (travels, conferences, consortium meetings…). But we reinvented our work and found different ways to do things and fulfil pour obligations. Still, in this deliverable, you will find indeed a difference between the type of action that we carried on up to M18 and our activities after M18.
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Ingram, Verina, Robert Kirui, Joseph Hitimana, Sabine van Rooij, Ben Ndolo, Wilma Jans, Geoffrey Kiganiri, and Kevin Gichangi. Trees and plants for bees and beekeepers in the Upper Mara Basin : guide to useful melliferous trees and crops for beekeepers. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/428433.

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Ginty, Ian M. False Assumptions: Military Assistance Command Vietnam s (MACV) use of the Combined Strategic Objectives Plan, 1970 and its Operationalization at the Field Force Level. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614197.

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Romero Ramírez, Álvaro Fernando, and Felipe Eugenio Mora Parra. Plan estratégico y prospectivo del municipio de la Plata Huila como eje regional de desarrollo de turismo sostenible 2020 – 2030. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.5439.

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El turismo en Colombia, es un sector importante en la economía; el departamento del Huila posee un potencial alto de desarrollo en este sector; este trabajo se realizó en el municipio de La Plata, en un ámbito de desarrollo turístico sostenible; entendiendo esto como el equilibrio entre el sector privado, publico, académico y la comunidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estructurar el plan estratégico y prospectivo del municipio de La Plata Huila para convertirlo como eje regional de desarrollo en el turismo sostenible 2020 – 2030. Para esto se utilizaron los métodos de prospectiva estratégica planteados por Mojica (2010); se desarrolló el análisis del sector, a través de estudios bibliométricos, patentometría, vigilancia tecnológica, aplicaciones como Mic-Mac, Mactor y ábaco de Regniere. También se realizó la estructuración de variables estratégicas, el análisis morfológico de los escenarios, la postulación de estos escenarios en los ejes de Peter Schwartz y la determinación del grado de gobernabilidad de las acciones a desarrollar. Los resultados mostraron que el desarrollo del sector turístico en el mundo, ha tenido como eje fundamental el turismo sostenible integrado con el ámbito rural. El escenario “La Plata Ciudad Región” fue elegido como reto, y en este se aprovecharon los potenciales del turismo rural y cultural, permitiendo que los turistas hicieran una inmersión en las actividades y los ambientes tradicionales. Además, presenta alianzas entre el estado y la empresa privada para potencializar estos cambios; en este escenario el turista disfruta de un parque automotor acondicionado, pensando en la comodidad y la seguridad.
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Metodología de ciberdefensa para organizaciones: versión 2.0. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004376.

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En esta segunda edición sobre ciberdefensa organizacional, se presenta una visión actualizada de la metodología para la gestión de riesgos cibernéticos en las organizaciones. Por medio de esta segunda edición, toda institución será capaz de comprender el mapa de ciberriesgos existentes en su entorno, los controles necesarios para reducir estas amenazas y los niveles de prioridad adecuados para poner en práctica el plan de trabajo destinado. Estos controles constituirán la base para la elaboración de dicho plan de trabajo, la asignación de recursos y la preparación de la organización para todo lo anterior, permitiendo como resultado incrementar su nivel de ciberseguridad, resiliencia y resistencia ante ciberataques. Esta publicación forma parte de la colección “Mejores Prácticas en Ciberseguridad”, un compendio de prácticas, metodologías y recomendaciones en materia de ciberseguridad orientadas a organizaciones, desarrolladas por la Dirección Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Israel (INCD), y adaptadas en la presente serie por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), con el objetivo de facilitar el acceso a este cuerpo de conocimiento a toda la región de América Latina y el Caribe.
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