Journal articles: 'Maca (plant)'

1

Gonzales, Gustavo F. "Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacology ofLepidium meyenii(Maca), a Plant from the Peruvian Highlands." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/193496.

Full text

Abstract:

Lepidium meyenii(maca) is a Peruvian plant of the Brassicaceae family cultivated for more than 2000 years, which grows exclusively in the central Andes between 4000 and 4500 m altitude. Maca is used as a food supplement and also for its medicinal properties described traditionally. Since the 90s of the XX century, an increasing interest in products from maca has been observed in many parts of the world. In the last decade, exportation of maca from Peru has increased from 1,415,000 USD in 2001 to USD 6,170,000 USD in 2010. Experimental scientific evidence showed that maca has nutritional, energizer, and fertility-enhancer properties, and it acts on sexual dysfunctions, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, memory and learning, and protects skin against ultraviolet radiation. Clinical trials showed efficacy of maca on sexual dysfunctions as well as increasing sperm count and motility. Maca is a plant with great potential as an adaptogen and appears to be promising as a nutraceutical in the prevention of several diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Quandt, P., and M. Puga. "Manic episode secondary to maca." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1188.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionMaca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant grown in the Andes Mountains, formerly used for nutritional purposes. Nowadays is used as a nutritional supplement and energizing.ObjectivesTo describe a case of manic episode secondary to maca consumption, as an ingredient of an energizing product.AimsTo report on antidepressant properties of maca, based on a clinical case.MethodsX. is a 27-years-old male without any psychiatric history. He came to the emergency service because of the presence of sudden onset behavioral disorders, presenting a manic-like episode of seven hours of evolution. His symptoms consisted in psychomotor restlessness, hyperactivity, insomnia, verbose and loud speech, hyperthymia, megalomaniac verbalizations, and unsuitable future plans. The patient had self-awareness of his symptoms and was self-critical with his behavior. He reported he was consuming an energizing supplement containing maca from about two weeks ago. Treatment with olanzapine 20 mg was initiated, and the patient remained under observation for 24 hours.ResultsSymptomatology subsided completely after 24 hours. The patient is discharged from the hospital with diagnosis of manic episode secondary to maca, without any treatment. He was advice to not take stimulants.ConclusionsThere are studies reporting that maca plant has antidepressant properties, associated with the activation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems, as well as the attenuation of oxidative stress. However, more studies are needed to identify specific compounds that produce these effects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hahn, Dongyup, Taeho Lee, Sangkyu Lee, Jong-Sup Bae, MinKyun Na, and Minyoul Kim. "Discovery and Quantitative Analysis of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor (Nrf2) Activators in Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Using the Synthetic Macamides." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_034.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objectives Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a biennial herbaceous plant of family Brassicaceae with various bioactivities such as reproductive health enhancement, antifatigue, antioxidation, neuroprotection, anticancer, hepatoprotection, and immunomodulation. But studies on molecular mechanisms beyond the phenomenal physiology are rare because the putative bioactive chemical constituents, macamides, a series of unique N-benzylamides with long-chain fatty acids are difficult to isolate from the natural maca specimen. In this study, ten macamides were chemically synthesized to investigate biological mechanisms underlying the various bioactivities. Methods Macamides were synthesized from benzylamides and commercially available fatty acids adding 1,1'-carbonyl diimidazole. Nrf2 activation of macamides were measured using U2OS cells in CP0. Quantitative analysis of bioactive macamides were performed using LC-MS/MS system and synthesized standard macamides. The difference in composition of macamides among three cultivars, yellow, red and black macas was also examined. Results Three of macamides exhibited moderate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation was observed from cell-based assay (EC50 7.3–16.5 μM), which might account for some of the known bioactivities of maca. Quantitative analysis of macamide compositions in maca specimen using LC-MS/MS was followed, which revealed the macamides with Nrf2 activation activity consist the majority among macamides contained in maca. Conclusions Among the bioactivities that have known as the beneficial effects of maca, bioactivities related to antioxidation might be accounted for the Nrf2 activation of macamides contained in maca. Funding Sources This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (2019R1F1A1051041).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

McCollom*, Megan, Stefan Gafner, and Lyle E. Craker. "Synthesis of n-Benzylhexadecanamide as a Standard for Quantifying Macamides in Maca." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 779B—779. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.779b.

Full text

Abstract:

Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.), a root crop similar to radish, has been consumed in Peru for thousands of years as a food and medicine. Medicinally, the plant is used to increase human and livestock stamina and to ameliorate fertility problems associated with living at the high elevations in which the plant grows. The reputation of maca as a fertility and libido enhancer has increased the popularity of the plant in the United States and other Western countries. Constituents of interest in maca include fatty acids and macamides, but to evaluate the quality of maca products and raw material, fatty acid and macamide standards are required. While fatty acid standards are obtainable, macamide standards are not commercially available. In this study, one major macamide, n-benzylhexadecanamide, was synthesized with high yields using benzylamine and palmitoyl chloride as starting materials. The process, which was a relatively easy, one-step synthesis, could be used also to obtain other macamides without going through a time-consuming isolation. The major macamides in extracts of dried, ground maca sourced from vendors in the United States and Peru were identified and quantified by LC-UV/MS using n-benzylhexadecanamide as a standard compound.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Turgud, Firdevs Korkmaz, and Doğan Narinç. "Influences of Dietary Supplementation with Maca (Lepidium meyenii) on Performance, Parameters of Growth Curve and Carcass Characteristics in Japanese Quail." Animals 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030318.

Full text

Abstract:

Maca plant contains rich nutrients and in addition, it has various bioactive substances (N-benzyl-palmitamide, benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates and phenolics). It is used to improve reproductive properties and has antioxidant effects for both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding maca plant powder to the ration at different levels on growth, slaughter carcass, partial egg production and some reproductive characteristics in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The experimental groups were formed by adding 0% (control), 0.05% and 0.1% maca powder to the diet, and a total of 300 birds were used. Growth (weekly body weights, parameters of Gompertz growth function), feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of quails in the 42-day fattening trial were determined. Reproductive characteristics were measured up to 22 weeks of age. Addition of maca powder to the diet increased the feed consumption (p < 0.05) but did not affect body weights at 35 and 42 days of age, β0 and β1 parameters or point of inflection weight of the Gompertz model, carcass traits, partial egg production or fertility. It may be advisable to add 0.1% maca powder to the diets of breeders. Besides, maca powder reduced embryonic deaths and improved chick quality (both p < 0.05). It is thought that different results for reproductive traits can be obtained if maca powder is used for a longer period in the diets of breeder quail flocks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zaytseva, Olga, Meylin Terrel Gutierrez, and Simone Graeff-Hönninger. "Effect of Day Length on Growth and Root Morphology of Yellow Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Seedlings." International Journal of Plant Biology 13, no. 2 (May 5, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb13020008.

Full text

Abstract:

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a biennial herbaceous plant of the family Brassicaceae, which recently gained research attention as well as consumer interest. Its underground storage organs are used both as a food and as traditional medicine. The storage organs, called fleshy-hypocotyls, are formed by swollen hypocotyl tissues fused with a taproot. The attempts to grow maca outside of its centre of origin have increased globally, although many cropping requirements are unknown. In terms of fleshy-hypocotyl formation, the impact of day length remains unclear. In this study the effects of day length (8 h, 16 h) on early plant development and hypocotyl thickening in yellow maca were investigated in a rhizobox experiment under controlled conditions (20 °C day and 18 °C night temperature, and relative air humidity 25–30%). Results of a 13-week cultivation period showed that number of leaves and leaf length significantly increased in plants grown under long-day (LD, 16 h) conditions as compared to those from the short-day (SD, 8 h) treatment. Furthermore, plants developed under LD conditions had larger hypocotyl width within 67 days after sowing. At 88 days after sowing, the width was almost two-fold higher. Moreover, the total root length of maca plants from LD treatment was significantly longer and had more fine roots (diameter < 0.4 mm) than in plants cultivated in SD treatment. The obtained results suggest that in early stages of plant development LD can stimulate root development and hypocotyl thickening in yellow maca.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Guo, Shan-Shan, Xiao-Fang Gao, Yan-Rong Gu, Zhong-Xiao Wan, A.-Ming Lu, Zheng-Hong Qin, and Li Luo. "Preservation of Cognitive Function byLepidium meyenii(Maca) Is Associated with Improvement of Mitochondrial Activity and Upregulation of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Middle-Aged Mouse Cortex." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4394261.

Full text

Abstract:

Maca has been used as a foodstuff and a traditional medicine in the Andean region for over 2,000 years. Recently the neuroprotective effects of maca also arouse interest of researchers. Decrease in mitochondrial function and decline in autophagy signaling may participate in the process of age-related cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate if maca could improve cognitive function of middle-aged mice and if this effect was associated with improvement of mitochondrial activity and modulation of autophagy signaling in mouse cortex. Fourteen-month-old male ICR mice received maca powder administered by gavage for five weeks. Maca improved cognitive function, motor coordination, and endurance capacity in middle-aged mice, accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiratory function and upregulation of autophagy-related proteins in cortex. Our findings suggest that maca is a newly defined nutritional plant which can improve mitochondrial function and upregulate autophagy-related proteins and may be an effective functional food for slowing down age-related cognitive decline.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kasprzak, Dorota, Barbara Jodlowska-Jedrych, Katarzyna Borowska, and Agnieszka Wojtowicz. "Lepidium meyenii (Maca) – multidirectional health effects – review." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2018-0021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Lepidium meyenii, commonly known as Maca, is a Peruvian plant that grows high in the Andes, in areas over 4,000 meters above sea level. Its composition contains almost all of the essential amino acids and twenty of the essential fatty acids needed by man, as well as many vitamins, minerals and several sterols and glucosinolates. The specific and unique unsaturated acids and amides found only in this plant are the macaenes and macamides. Most valuable ingredients are contained within the hypocotyls. Maca comes in three forms, based on its root colour, yellow, red and black. Although used individually, consumption recommendations are usually for a mix of all three. Since Inca times, it has been considered as super food. Although now mostly used in the form of a supplement, ongoing research does not exclude future applications of Maca as medicine. It is attributed to have an effect on male fertility (adding energy and vitality), and in regulating hormone secretion. In animal studies, Maca has been shown to have antioxidant, neuroprotective effects and antiviral activity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated to alleviate the effects of depression. In addition, there are reports that Maca reduces the development of cancer and osteoporosis, improves memory, facilitates concentration and alleviates the symptoms of menopause. The obtained results, however, require further analysis to confirm its effect. Currently, there is little information on toxicity, so there is a need for specialized research in this area, and on-going research concerns the most effective variety and form of preparation of Maca for administration to achieve best effects. The potential of Maca as medicine exists. The increasing pan-continental popularity of Maca has created the need for a better understanding of its action mechanisms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Karpstein, Tanja, Sheena Chaudhry, Solange Bresson-Hadni, Michael Hayoz, Ghalia Boubaker, Andrew Hemphill, Reto Rufener, et al. "Maca against Echinococcosis?—A Reverse Approach from Patient to In Vitro Testing." Pathogens 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101335.

Full text

Abstract:

Drug-based treatment of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) with benzimidazoles is in most cases non-curative, thus has to be taken lifelong. Here, we report on a 56-year-old male AE patient who received standard benzimidazole treatment and biliary plastic stents, and additionally self-medicated himself with the Peruvian plant extract Maca (Lepidium meyenii). After 42 months, viable parasite tissue had disappeared. Based on this striking observation, the anti-echinococcal activity of Maca was investigated in vitro and in mice experimentally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. Albendazole (ABZ)-treated mice and mice treated with an ABZ+Maca combination exhibited a significantly reduced parasite burden compared to untreated or Maca-treated mice. As shown by a newly established UHPLC-MS/MS-based measurement of ABZ-metabolites, the presence of Maca during the treatment did not alter ABZ plasma levels. In vitro assays corroborated these findings, as exposure to Maca had no notable effect on E. multilocularis metacestodes, and in cultures of germinal layer cells, possibly unspecific, cytotoxic effects of Maca were observed. However, in the combined treatments, Maca inhibited the activity of ABZ in vitro. While Maca had no direct anti-parasitic activity, it induced in vitro proliferation of murine spleen cells, suggesting that immunomodulatory properties could have contributed to the curative effect seen in the patient.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Fano, Diego, Cinthya Vásquez-Velásquez, Cynthia Gonzales-Castañeda, Emanuel Guajardo-Correa, Pedro A. Orihuela, and Gustavo F. Gonzales. "N-Butanol and Aqueous Fractions of Red Maca Methanolic Extract Exerts Opposite Effects on Androgen and Oestrogens Receptors (Alpha and Beta) in Rats with Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9124240.

Full text

Abstract:

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) affects, worldwide, 50% of 60-year-old men. The Peruvian plant red maca (Lepidium meyenii) inhibits BPH in rodents. This study aimed to determine the effects of methanolic red maca extract and its n-butanol and aqueous fractions on expression of androgen and oestrogen receptors in rats with testosterone enanthate-induced BPH. Thirty-six rats in six groups were studied. Control group received 2 mL of vehicle orally and 0.1 mL of propylene glycol intramuscularly. The second group received vehicle orally and testosterone enanthate (TE) (25 mg/0.1 mL) intramuscularly in days 1 and 7. The other four groups were BPH-induced with TE and received, during 21 days, 3.78 mg/mL of finasteride, 18.3 mg/mL methanol extract of red maca, 2 mg/mL of n-butanol fraction, or 16.3 mg/mL of aqueous fraction from red maca. Treatments with red maca extract and its n-butanol but not aqueous fraction reduced prostate weight similar to finasteride. All maca treated groups restored the expression of ERβ, but only the aqueous fraction increased androgen receptors and ERα. In conclusion, butanol fraction of red maca reduced prostate size in BPH by restoring expression of ERβ without affecting androgen receptors and ERα. This effect was not observed with aqueous fraction of methanolic extract of red maca.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Lebeda, A., I. Doležalová, M. Dziechciarková, K. Doležal, and J. Frček. "Morphological Variability and Isozyme Polymorphisms in Maca and Yacon." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 39, No. 1 (November 23, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3714-cjgpb.

Full text

Abstract:

A set of 15 accessions of maca, Lepidium meyenii Walp., and 25 accessions of yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robins., cultivated under Czech field conditions was studied to determine relationships between morphological variability and isozyme polymorphisms. Morphological characterisation of maca included evaluation of length, weight, shape, skin and flesh colour of hypocotyls. In yacon, we evaluated shape, colour, skin texture and flesh colour of tubers, as well as the number of roots. Preliminary results showed that maca forms low-weight hypocotyls (up to only 17.4 g) under Czech field conditions. For yacon, tuber production ranged between 1.4 kg and 3.8 kg. Of the 17 analysed enzymatic systems, only esterase (EST) showed some degree of polymorphism in both crops. It was possible to divide accessions of L. meyenii into two groups and S. sonchifolius into six groups on the basis of isozyme polymorphisms. However, EST polymorphisms do not correspond very well to the morphological characteristics of the underground organs of the crops studied.  

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Tafuri, Simona, Natascia Cocchia, Domenico Carotenuto, Anastasia Vassetti, Alessia Staropoli, Vincenzo Mastellone, Vincenzo Peretti, et al. "Chemical Analysis of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) and Its Effects on Redox Status and on Reproductive Biology in Stallions." Molecules 24, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101981.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study was conducted to assess the chemical composition of Yellow Maca (Lepidium meyenii) and its biological activity on stallions following oral administration of hypocotyl powder. Maca was subjected to methanolic extraction and the chemical analysis was carried out by LC-MS-QTOF (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). Our results showed that Maca contains some effective antioxidants, a high percentage of glucosinolates, and other important components with a high antioxidant capacity. To evaluate the plant biological activity in stallions fed with Maca powder for 60 days, the redox status and some reproductive parameters were investigated. Blood and semen samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days from the beginning of this study. Blood samples showed a decrease of the reactive oxygen metabolites, evaluated by d-ROMs test, and an increase of the antioxidant barrier in terms of biological antioxidant potential (BAP test), powerful oxidant capacity (OXY-Adsorbent test), and thiols evaluation (-SHp test). Furthermore, semen samples showed a positive trend during Maca administration in the following parameters: ejaculate volumes and sperm concentrations, total and progressive motility, and acrosome integrity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Gül, Esra Tuğçe, Osman Olgun, Alpönder Yıldız, Ahmet Engin Tüzün, and Ainhoa Sarmiento-García. "Use of Maca Powder (Lepidium meyenii) as Feed Additive in Diets of Laying Quails at Different Ages: Its Effect on Performance, Eggshell Quality, Serum, Ileum, and Bone Properties." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080418.

Full text

Abstract:

Using additives can reduce the negative effects of aging on factors affecting profitability, such as the availability of nutrients, production, and egg quality. Maca is an herbaceous plant rich in protein, crude oil, essential acids, and pharmacological compounds. Maca has positive effects on different health parameters. In this study, the effect of adding Maca powder to the diets of young and old laying quails at the end of the 10-week trial was investigated. In total, 150 laying Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) (209.1 ± 10.0 g) were randomly distributed to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two ages (10 weeks and 30 weeks) and three Maca powder levels (0, 1, or 2 g/kg), with five subgroups per treatment. According to the study, eggshell quality, total cholesterol, triglyceride, progesterone, and testosterone concentrations of serum were lower in old quail than in young quail, while egg weight, feed intake, and follicle-stimulating hormone increased significantly as quail aged. (p < 0.05). Furthermore, aging negatively affected the histomorphology of the ileum and cortical bone thickness (p < 0.05). Additional findings show that adding 1 g/kg Maca powder to the diet of quail significantly improved eggshell, ileum, and bone traits that deteriorate with age, without affecting performance, and adding 2 g/kg Maca powder to the diet significantly reduced serum total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). Incorporating Maca powder into the diet of aged birds could reduce the negative effects of aging.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Araki, Yoshinori, Hideki D. Shimizu, Kentaro Saeki, Marina Okamoto, Lixy Yamada, Kentaro Ishida, Hitoshi Sawada, and Hideko Urushihara. "A Surface Glycoprotein Indispensable for Gamete Fusion in the Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum." Eukaryotic Cell 11, no. 5 (March 2, 2012): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00028-12.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Sexual reproduction is essential for the maintenance of species in a wide variety of multicellular organisms, and even unicellular organisms that normally proliferate asexually possess a sexual cycle because of its contribution to increased genetic diversity. Information concerning the molecules involved in fertilization is accumulating for many species of the metazoan, plant, and fungal lineages, and the evolutionary consideration of sexual reproduction systems is now an interesting issue. Macrocyst formation in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a sexual process in which cells become sexually mature under dark and submerged conditions and fuse with complementary mating-type cells. In the present study, we isolated D. discoideum insertional mutants defective in sexual cell fusion and identified the relevant gene, macA , which encodes a highly glycosylated, 2,041-amino-acid membrane protein (MacA). Although its overall similarity is restricted to proteins of unknown function within dictyostelids, it contains LamGL and discoidin domains, which are implicated in cell adhesion. The growth and development of macA -null mutants were indistinguishable from those of the parental strain. The overexpression of macA using the V18 promoter in a macA -null mutant completely restored its sexual defects. Although the macA gene encoded exactly the same protein in a complementary mating-type strain, it was expressed at a much lower level. These results suggest that MacA is indispensable for gamete interactions in D. discoideum , probably via cell adhesion. There is a possibility that it is controlled in a mating-type-dependent manner.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Gonzales, Gustavo F., and Cynthia Gonzales-Castañeda. "The Methyltetrahydro-β-Carbolines in Maca (Lepidium meyenii)." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 6, no. 3 (2009): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nen041.

Full text

Abstract:

Maca, a plant native to the Peruvian highlands, contains (1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA). The family of the tetrahydro-β-carbolines has been associated with both biologically helpful and harmful compounds. We present evidence that MTCA is a natural constituent of Maca, and on consumption no toxicity is found. This suggests that, when consumed as multi-component, MTCA may loose its adversity as drug action.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Muhammad, Ilias, Jianping Zhao, D. Chuck Dunbar, and Ikhlas A. Khan. "Constituents of Lepidium meyenii ‘maca’." Phytochemistry 59, no. 1 (January 2002): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00395-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

D’Anza, Emanuele, Sara Albarella, Giacomo Galdiero, Simona Tafuri, Chiara Del Prete, Natascia Cocchia, Francesca Ciani, et al. "DNA fragmentation and morphometric studies in sperm of stallions supplemented with maca (Lepidium meyenii)." Zygote 29, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199420000751.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryThe reproductive performances of livestock play an essential role in the economic management of the farm. The improvement of semen quantity and quality through the use of food supplements that lack substances which are forbidden in animal feeding, or that may have detrimental effects, is an important goal. Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant that has been used for centuries in the Andes for nutrition and fertility enhancement in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of food supplementation of stallions with maca during the breeding season on spermatozoa parameters such as DNA fragmentation and shape, which are two predictive indexes of spermatozoa functionality. For this purpose, ejaculate volume, semen gel-free volume, sperm concentration and motility, total sperm count, sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm head parameters (length, width, perimeter, area, shape factor, roughness) were measured in four stallions. Maca food supplementation in stallions during breeding reduced the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA, increased significantly sperm concentration and exerted an elongation of the spermatozoa head, a condition that is believed to improve spermatozoa functionality, suggesting that food supplementation of maca could be useful in horse breeding during the breeding season.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Fei, Wen-ting, Na Yue, Ai-min Li, Shu-hui Yu, Dan-ping Zhao, Ying-li Zhu, Chun Wang, Jian-jun Zhang, and Lin-yuan Wang. "Immunomodulatory Effects of Lepidium meyenii Walp. Polysaccharides on an Immunosuppression Model Induced by Cyclophosphamide." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (July 4, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1210890.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Maca) has emerged as a functional plant food and traditional herb owing to its biological activities; Maca polysaccharides as an important active component of Maca have good immunomodulatory effect; however, studies on the immunomodulatory effect of Maca polysaccharides are mainly focused on macrophages; little attention has been devoted to the mechanisms and other immune cells. This study is aimed at investigating the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of Maca polysaccharides. Methods. Sixty mice were divided into five groups, and the mice were injected with cyclophosphamide to establish an immunosuppression model except for those in the common group. The body weights were measured, as well as immune-related indices, such as organ indices, haematological parameters, lymphocyte cycle, and proliferation, cytokine, and protein expression levels. Results. The weight loss and immune organ index decline caused by cyclophosphamide could be reversed by MP. Furthermore, MP increased WBC and HGB counts and reduced the ratio of G0/G1 phase obviously, increased the proportion of S phase and G2/M phase in peripheral blood lymphocytes, increased the counts of CD4+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+, and reduced the inhibition rate of splenic lymphocytes. MP affected the production of cytokines by increasing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 levels and by decreasing IL-4 levels. MP increased the mRNA expression of T-bet and the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the spleen and decreased the protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax. Conclusions. Maca polysaccharides might be the basic material for Maca’s immunomodulatory effect. The mechanism was perhaps related to inhibiting lymphocyte apoptosis and promoting the balance of Th1/Th2 cell subsets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Jiao, Mengya, Qun Dong, Yiting Zhang, Min Lin, Wan Zhou, Tao Liu, Baohong Yuan, and Hui Yin. "Neuroprotection of N-benzyl Eicosapentaenamide in Neonatal Mice Following Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113108.

Full text

Abstract:

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has emerged as a popular functional plant food because of its medicinal properties and nutritional value. Macamides, as the exclusively active ingredients found in maca, are a unique series of non-polar, long-chain fatty acid N-benzylamides with multiple bioactivities such as antifatigue characteristics and improving reproductive health. In this study, a new kind of macamide, N-benzyl eicosapentaenamide (NB-EPA), was identified from maca. We further explore its potential neuroprotective role in hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. Our findings indicated that treatment with biosynthesized NB-EPA significantly alleviates the size of cerebral infarction and improves neurobehavioral disorders after hypoxic–ischemic brain damage in neonatal mice. NB-EPA inhibited the apoptosis of neuronal cells after ischemic challenge. NB-EPA improved neuronal cell survival and proliferation through the activation of phosphorylated AKT signaling. Of note, the protective property of NB-EPA against ischemic neuronal damage was dependent on suppression of the p53–PUMA pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that NB-EPA may represent a new neuroprotectant for newborns with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Paternina-Ricardo, Saray, Barbara Arroyo Salgado, and Maria Cecilia García Espiñeira. "Effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lepidium meyenii Walp (red and black maca) on Caenorhabditis elegans." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 44 (October 28, 2022): e58300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58300.

Full text

Abstract:

Lepidium meyenii (maca) is a Peruvian nutraceutical plant, whose hypocotyl has a variety of colors ranging from black to white. The black and red varieties of maca have been the most studied since their extracts are associated with effects such as increased sperm count, decreased glucose levels, reversal of prostatic hyperplasia, among others. However, the properties related to reduction of oxidative stress, metabolic diseases and anti-aging have not yet been confirmed. The aim was to evaluate the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, obtained from spray-dried hydroalcoholic extract of hypocotyl of black and red maca (Lepidium meyenii), on mortality, growth, reproduction, lipid accumulation and the expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress and heat shock, in the in-vivo model, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), using different concentrations. The results showed that maca extracts were not toxic to the model at concentrations below 100 mg L-1. However, higher concentrations caused high mortality, growth disturbances, oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Black maca extracts increased the reproduction of C. elegans by increasing the number of offspring in C. elegans, both in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. On the other hand, ethanolic extracts produced an increase in the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, indicating a mild stressor behavior of the same. C. elegans represents an established model for evaluating the biological properties of nutraceutical plants of biological interest and can be used in the search for antioxidant activity of L. meyenii (hypocotyl), as well as it can be used in future studies to identify some metabolites involved in each biological property and to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in these properties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

E. Chain, Fernando, Alfredo Grau, José C. Martins, and César A. N. Catalán. "Macamides from wild ‘Maca’, Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae)." Phytochemistry Letters 8 (May 2014): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2014.03.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Quiros, Carlos F., Andrea Epperson, Jinguo Hu, and Miguel Holle. "Physiological studies and determination of chromosome number in Maca,Lepidium Meyenii (Brassicaceae)." Economic Botany 50, no. 2 (April 1996): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02861452.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gonzales, Gustavo F., Carla Gonzales, and Cynthia Gonzales-Castañeda. "Lepidium meyenii(Maca): A Plant from the Highlands of Peru – from Tradition to Science." Forschende Komplementärmedizin / Research in Complementary Medicine 16, no. 6 (2009): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000264618.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ochoa, Carlos. "Maca (Lepidium meyenii walp.; Brassicaceae): A nutritious root crop of the central andes." Economic Botany 55, no. 3 (July 2001): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02866557.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Mohsin, Aveen R., Saad S. Al-Dujaily, and Mukhtar K. Haba. "IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF NOVEL COMBINED PLANT CRUDE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LICORICE AND MACA." Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 22, no. 08 (2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36295/asro.2019.22082.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Geng, Hui-Chun, Xue-Song Wang, Yong-Jian Liao, Shi-Yu Qiu, Hai-Xian Fang, Xing-Lian Chen, Yun-Mei Wang, and Min Zhou. "Macathiohydantoins P–R, three new thiohydantoin derivatives from Maca (Lepidium meyenii)." Phytochemistry Letters 51 (October 2022): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2022.07.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Xia, Chen, Jian Chen, Jun-Lin Deng, Yong-Qing Zhu, Wan-Yi Li, Bu Jie, and Tian-Yuan Chen. "Novel macamides from maca ( Lepidium meyenii Walpers) root and their cytotoxicity." Phytochemistry Letters 25 (June 2018): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2018.03.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zhang, Jing, Yang Tian, Liang Yan, Guanghui Zhang, Xiao Wang, Yan Zeng, Jiajin Zhang, et al. "Genome of Plant Maca ( Lepidium meyenii ) Illuminates Genomic Basis for High-Altitude Adaptation in the Central Andes." Molecular Plant 9, no. 7 (July 2016): 1066–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wei, M., J. Q. Zhu, W. X. Guan, W. Zhang, B. Z. Fu, L. H. Wang, G. Y. Li, and W. W. Jin. "First Report of Fusarium avenaceum Causing Root Rot of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) in China." Plant Disease 101, no. 5 (May 2017): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-16-1061-pdn.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Esparza, Eliana, Antonella Hadzich, Waltraud Kofer, Axel Mithöfer, and Eric G. Cosio. "Bioactive maca ( Lepidium meyenii ) alkamides are a result of traditional Andean postharvest drying practices." Phytochemistry 116 (August 2015): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.030.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Solis, Julio, Giuliana Medrano, and Marc Ghislain. "Inhibitory effect of a defensin gene from the Andean crop maca (Lepidium meyenii) against Phytophthora infestans." Journal of Plant Physiology 164, no. 8 (August 2007): 1071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2006.06.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Симаков, Юрий Георгиевич, Игорь Алексеевич Никитин, Сергей Александрович Иванов, Валерий Соломонович Штерман, Сергей Валерьевич Штерман, Михаил Юрьевич Сидоренко, and Юрий Ильич Сидоренко. "Study of the toxicological characteristics of plant extracts for use in sports nutrition products." Food processing industry, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2021.11.11.009.

Full text

Abstract:

В настоящее время имеются свидетельства, что ряд компонентов, образующихся в растениях, произрастающих в экстремальных условиях в ряде труднодоступных районов Южной Америки, Азии и Африки, в результате их успешного приспособления к особым условиям выживания, обладают уникальными физиологическими свойствами и способны оказывать мощное положительное воздействие на физическое и умственное здоровье людей. Вместе с этим точный состав этих растительных объектов и механизмы их воздействия на организм людей до настоящего времени изучены недостаточно. Это делает необходимым подробное исследование их токсикологических характеристик с целью получения экспериментальных доказательств возможности их безопасного применения в составе продуктов питания. Целью работы было изучение токсикологических характеристик новых перспективных компонентов спортивного питания - экстрактов маки перуанской, дамианы и L -теанина. Выявление биологической активности этих продуктов проводилось на классических модельных объектах, которые в настоящее время широко используются в подобных исследованиях во многих странах мира: на крови рыб данио ( Danio reriо ) и бактериях аэромонас ( Aeromonas gidrоphila ). Исследования, проведенные в направлениях выяснения влияния исследуемых продуктов на генотоксичность в эритроцитах рыб данио (микроядерный тест), на апоптоз (запрограммированную смену клеток) и эритропоэз (процесс кроветворения), показали, что ни один из исследованных препаратов не обладает генотоксичностью и не вызывает мутаций на молекулярном уровне. Было также обнаружено, что экстракты маки перуанской и дамианы подавляют рост условно патогенных бактерий человека, но не проявляют сильного токсического воздействия на микробиоту кишечника по сравнению со стандартным антибиотиком. Currently, there is evidence that a number of components formed in plants growing under extreme conditions in a number of hard-to-reach regions of South America, Asia and Africa, as a result of their successful adaptation to special conditions of survival, have unique physiological properties and are capable of exerting a powerful positive effect on physical and mental health of people. At the same time, the exact composition of these plant objects and the mechanisms of their effect on the human organism have not been sufficiently studied to date. This necessitates a detailed study of their toxicological characteristics in order to obtain experimental evidence of the possibility of their safe use in nutrition. The aim of the work was to study the toxicological characteristics of new promising components of sports nutrition - extracts of Maca Peruvian, Damiana and L -theanine. The investigation of the biological activity of these products was carried out on classical model objects, which are now widely used in similar studies in many countries of the world: on the blood of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and aeromonas bacteria ( Aeromonas gidrophila ). Studies carried out in the direction of elucidating the effect of the investigated products on genotoxicity in erythrocytes of zebrafish (micronucleus test), on apoptosis (programmed cell change) and erythropoiesis (hematopoiesis process) have shown that none of the investigated products has genotoxicity and does not cause mutations in molecular level. It was also found that extracts of Maca Peruvian and Damiana inhibit the growth of opportunistic human bacteria, but do not show a strong toxic effect on the intestinal microbiota compared to a standard antibiotic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Herraiz, Tomás, and Hugo Guillén. "Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibition and Associated Antioxidant Activity in Plant Extracts with Potential Antidepressant Actions." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4810394.

Full text

Abstract:

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of amines and neurotransmitters and is involved in mood disorders, depression, oxidative stress, and adverse pharmacological reactions. This work studies the inhibition of human MAO-A by Hypericum perforatum, Peganum harmala, and Lepidium meyenii, which are reported to improve and affect mood and mental conditions. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity associated with the inhibition of MAO is determined in plant extracts for the first time. H. perforatum inhibited human MAO-A, and extracts from flowers gave the highest inhibition (IC50 of 63.6 μg/mL). Plant extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS and contained pseudohypericin, hypericin, hyperforin, adhyperforin, hyperfirin, and flavonoids. Hyperforin did not inhibit human MAO-A and hypericin was a poor inhibitor of this isoenzyme. Quercetin and flavonoids significantly contributed to MAO-A inhibition. P. harmala seed extracts highly inhibited MAO-A (IC50 of 49.9 μg/L), being a thousand times more potent than H. perforatum extracts owing to its content of β-carboline alkaloids (harmaline and harmine). L. meyenii root (maca) extracts did not inhibit MAO-A. These plants may exert protective actions related to antioxidant effects. Results in this work show that P. harmala and H. perforatum extracts exhibit antioxidant activity associated with the inhibition of MAO (i.e., lower production of H2O2).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Le, Hien T. N., Elias Van Roy, Ella Dendooven, Laura Peeters, Mart Theunis, Kenn Foubert, Luc Pieters, and Emmy Tuenter. "Alkaloids from Lepidium meyenii (Maca), structural revision of macaridine and UPLC-MS/MS feature-based molecular networking." Phytochemistry 190 (October 2021): 112863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112863.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

McCollom, Megan M., Jacquelyn R. Villinski, Kerry L. McPhail, Lyle E. Craker, and Stefan Gafner. "Analysis of macamides in samples of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) by HPLC-UV-MS/MS." Phytochemical Analysis 16, no. 6 (2005): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.871.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ortiz-Ojeda, Paola, Katty Ogata-Gutiérrez, and Doris Zúñiga-Dávila. "Evaluation of plant growth promoting activity and heavy metal tolerance of psychrotrophic bacteria associated with maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) rhizosphere." AIMS Microbiology 3, no. 2 (2017): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2017.2.279.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Gonzales-Castañeda, Cynthia, and Gustavo F. Gonzales. "Hypocotyls of Lepidium meyenii (maca), a plant of the Peruvian highlands, prevent ultraviolet A-, B-, and C-induced skin damage in rats." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 24, no. 1 (January 13, 2008): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2008.00330.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Esparza, Eliana, Winnie Yi, Fabian Limonchi, and Eric G. Cosio. "Glucosinolate catabolism during postharvest drying determines the ratio of bioactive macamides to deaminated benzenoids in Lepidium meyenii (maca) root flour." Phytochemistry 179 (November 2020): 112502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112502.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Nuñez, Denisse, Paola Olavegoya, Gustavo F. Gonzales, and Cynthia Gonzales-Castañeda. "Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii), a Plant from the Peruvian Highlands, Promotes Skin Wound Healing at Sea Level and at High Altitude in Adult Male Mice." High Altitude Medicine & Biology 18, no. 4 (December 2017): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ham.2017.0038.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lozano-Canales, A., M. Janampa-Santome, Daniel Clark, and Wilfredo L. Gonzáles. "Seed weight predicts seedling emergence, and extremely acid soil and low availability of Phosphorus are associated with poor plant performances in Lepidium meyenii Walpers (maca)." Scientia Horticulturae 253 (July 2019): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.059.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Cerrón-Mercado, Francis, Carmen M. Botella-Martínez, Bettit K. Salvá-Ruíz, Juana Fernández-López, Jose A. Pérez-Alvarez, and Manuel Viuda-Martos. "Effect of Gelled Emulsions Elaborated with Soybean Oil, Maca (Lepidium meyenni) Flour, and Chincho (Tagetes elliptica Sm.) Essential Oil upon Animal Fat Substitution in Beef Burgers." Foods 11, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152198.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of pork backfat (PB) substitution in a meat burger with a gelled emulsion (GE) elaborated with maca flour, soybean oil, and chincho essential oil (CEO). Lipid profile (gas chromatography—GC), health indices, physicochemical properties (CIELAB color, pH, texture profile—TPA), and cooking and sensory characteristics of meat burgers were analyzed. Five formulations were evaluated: control (BC) (80% beef meat and 20% PB); BSM (10% PB + 10% GE); BSMC0.25 (BSM + 0.25% CEO); BSMC0.5 (BSM + 0.5% CEO), and BSMC1.0 (BSM + 1.0% CEO). GE substitution in meat burgers provided a healthier lipid profile; the amount of SFA was reduced (p < 0.05), while PUFA content was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the use of GE resulted in healthier PUFA/SFA ratios and lower atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. The addition of GE increased moisture content and decreased fat and protein contents. Color parameters (L*, b*, and C*) decreased after cooking. Hardness (p < 0.05), cooking losses, and shrinkage changes decreased with GE addition. Lipid oxidation levels were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by GE substitution. Therefore, the substitution of PB by GE can be considered as an effective strategy to produce healthier meat burgers without negatively affecting their physicochemical and technological properties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Seminario, Juan F., Adonay M. Cruzado-Ortiz, Alejandro Seminario Cunya, Lucía E. Escalante Ortíz, and Silvia Y. Rodríguez López. "Factores asociados a los cambios en las bebidas nutracéuticas de venta ambulatoria en la ciudad de Cajamarca (Perú)." Bonplandia 32, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.3216371.

Full text

Abstract:

Las bebidas de plantas medicinales que se venden en las calles del Perú, constituyen alimentos nutracéuticos tradicionales, poco estudiados. Se evaluaron los cambios y los factores socioeconómicos asociados a estos cambios, en las bebidas que se expenden en la ciudad de Cajamarca (Perú), entre 2004 y 2018. Se aplicaron encuestas, entrevistas, observación directa y observación participativa. El número de bebidas ofertadas varió de 6 a 12. Salió del mercado la carreta de “maca” (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) y entró la de jugo de “caña de azúcar” (Saccharum officinarum L.). El número de carretas se incrementó en 84% y la de jugo de “naranja” [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] se convirtió en la más importante. Las especies medicinales usadas disminuyeron en 26%, con exclusiones, inclusiones y nuevas combinaciones y, fueron recomendadas para nueve tipos de afecciones. La demanda general creció en 251%. Los factores más importantes asociados a los cambios fueron el crecimiento de la población flotante (universitarios, trabajadores mineros y turistas) y la relevancia o “boom” de la gastronomía peruana. Las bebidas lograron posicionarse y crecer, mediante diversificación y mejoras. Esta investigación aporta información sobre la dinámica de las bebidas y las plantas usadas y tiene carácter histórico para la ciudad de Cajamarca y el Perú.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

GEORGAKOPOULOS, Panagiotis, Ilias S. TRAVLOS, Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Charis-Konstantina KONTOPOULOU, Anastasia PANTELIA, and Dimitrios J. BILALIS. "Climate Change and Chances for the Cultivation of New Crops." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 44, no. 2 (December 14, 2016): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha44210533.

Full text

Abstract:

Climate change is one of the greatest environmental, economic and social challenges in the history of mankind and nowadays is considered as the biggest environmental problem of the world. Climate change has a significant global impact and therefore Greece has to deal with its effects as well. Agriculture has been unfavourably affected in recent years, as the current and anticipated conditions in many cases seem to be rather prohibitive for the prosperity of the cultivated crops. On the contrary, these new conditions have made it possible for new plant species previously cultivated only in subtropical regions, to thrive in Greece. Moreover, economic reasons would make it rather necessary for the agricultural industry to cultivate alternative crops, which are thoroughly analysed in the present study. Based on Heating Degree Days (HDD) Greece is divided into four climatic zones. The variations in the mean maximum, mean minimum and mean temperature in each climate zone as well as the rainfall over the last 50 years (from 1964 to 2013) are reviewed in this paper. The outcome of this research is that it is not feasible for the studied alternative crops to thrive in all climate zones or vice versa. However, some of them and particularly crops such as quinoa, maca, psyllium, chia, cassava and pecan can be cultivated in all climate zones. It has also to be noted that adequate water is necessary for almost all the examined crops in order to achieve optimal growth and yield and therefore irrigations are rather necessary for specific species and climate zones.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Иванов, Сергей Александрович, Валерий Соломонович Штерман, Сергей Валерьевич Штерман, Михаил Юрьевич Сидоренко, and Юрий Ильич Сидоренко. "Development of a Tonic Drink Based on Plant Raw Materials «Inka Jungle» for Athletes." Beer and beverages, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/pin.2021.3.3.001.

Full text

Abstract:

Одно из перспективных направлений в создании спортивных напитков заключается во включении в их состав биологически активных компонентов растений, произрастающих в экстремальных условиях вегетации. В настоящей работе на их основе была разработана рецептура спортивного напитка, характеризующегося высокими тонизирующими свойствами («Inka Jungle»). В качестве одного из функциональных компонентов напитка использовали экстракт корнеплодов маки перуанской, произрастающей на высокогорных плато Боливии, Перу и северо-запада Аргентины на высоте 3500-4500 м над уровнем моря в условиях резких перепадов температур, интенсивной солнечной радиации и сильных ветров. Совокупность этих условий наделяет данное растение уникальными биологическими свойствами. При потреблении маки перуанской усиливаются и стабилизуются процессы возбуждения в центральной нервной системе, и как результат - «просыпается» жизненная активность человека, улучшается настроение, повышаются работоспособность, а также физическая и умственная выносливость. В качестве другого функционального компонента в состав напитка «Inka Jungle» включен экстракт кустарника Тёрнеры раскидистой или дамианы, зона произрастания которого - Южная и Центральная Америка и страны Карибского бассейна. Установлено, что прием экстракта листьев дамианы снимает нервозность, дает энергию при наступлении физической усталости, возникающей, например, после интенсивных тренировок и соревнований, повышает общий тонус организма. В состав напитка «Inka Jungle» в качестве функциональных компонентов включены также аминокислоты группы BCAA - лейцин, изолейцин, валин и L-карнитин, а также вспомогательные компоненты, формирующие его необходимые потребительские характеристики - загуститель (камедь ксантановая), регулятор кислотности (лимонная кислота), пищевой ароматизатор («гранат-клубника»), пищевой краситель («кармин») и консервант (сорбиновая кислота). Наличие в составе напитка «Inka Jungle» ряда жизненно важных компонентов позволяет при его приеме существенно увеличить интенсивность тренировок спортсменов, повысить их эффективность, обеспечить психоэмоциональную устойчивость атлетов, достичь эффективной защиты их организма от свободных радикалов и ускорить процесс восстановления после перенесенных интенсивных физических и психологических нагрузок. A promising direction in the development of sports drinks is the inclusion in their composition of biologically active components of plants growing in extreme vegetation conditions. The aim of this work was to create on their basis a sports drink characterized by high tonic properties («Inka Jungle»). As one of the functional components of the drink, was used an extract of the root vegetables of Peruvian maca, which grows on the high plateaus of Bolivia, Peru and northwestern Argentina at an altitude of 3500-4500 meters above sea level in conditions of sharp temperature changes, intense solar radiation and strong winds. The combination of these conditions endows this plant with unique biological properties. Consuming Peruvian maka intensifies and stabilizes the processes of excitation in the central nervous system, and as a result, a person's vital activity «wakes up», his mood improves, his working capacity rises, and his physical and mental endurance increases. As another functional component of the «Inka Jungle» drink, it contains an extract of Turner shrub or damiana, which grows in South and Central America and the Caribbean. It was found that damiana leaf extract relieves nervousness, gives energy when physical fatigue occurs, for example, after intense training and competition, and increases the overall potential of the body. The composition of the «Inka Jungle» drink as functional components also includes amino acids of the BCAA group - leucine, isoleucine, valine and L-carnitine, as well as auxiliary components that form its necessary consumer characteristics - a thickener (xanthan gum), an acidity regulator (citric acid), food flavoring («pomegranate-strawberry») and food coloring («carmine») and preservative (sorbic acid). The presence in the composition of the drink «Inka Jungle» of a number of vital components allows, when taken, to significantly increase the intensity of training of athletes, to increase their efficiency, to ensure their psycho-emotional stability, to achieve effective protection of their body from free radicals and to accelerate the recovery process after suffering intense physical and psychological stress.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Иванов, Сергей Александрович, Валерий Соломонович Штерман, Сергей Валерьевич Штерман, Михаил Юрьевич Сидоренко, and Юрий Ильич Сидоренко. "Development of a Tonic Drink Based on Plant Raw Materials «Inka Jungle» for Athletes." Beer and beverages, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/pin.2021.3.3.001.

Full text

Abstract:

Одно из перспективных направлений в создании спортивных напитков заключается во включении в их состав биологически активных компонентов растений, произрастающих в экстремальных условиях вегетации. В настоящей работе на их основе была разработана рецептура спортивного напитка, характеризующегося высокими тонизирующими свойствами («Inka Jungle»). В качестве одного из функциональных компонентов напитка использовали экстракт корнеплодов маки перуанской, произрастающей на высокогорных плато Боливии, Перу и северо-запада Аргентины на высоте 3500-4500 м над уровнем моря в условиях резких перепадов температур, интенсивной солнечной радиации и сильных ветров. Совокупность этих условий наделяет данное растение уникальными биологическими свойствами. При потреблении маки перуанской усиливаются и стабилизуются процессы возбуждения в центральной нервной системе, и как результат - «просыпается» жизненная активность человека, улучшается настроение, повышаются работоспособность, а также физическая и умственная выносливость. В качестве другого функционального компонента в состав напитка «Inka Jungle» включен экстракт кустарника Тёрнеры раскидистой или дамианы, зона произрастания которого - Южная и Центральная Америка и страны Карибского бассейна. Установлено, что прием экстракта листьев дамианы снимает нервозность, дает энергию при наступлении физической усталости, возникающей, например, после интенсивных тренировок и соревнований, повышает общий тонус организма. В состав напитка «Inka Jungle» в качестве функциональных компонентов включены также аминокислоты группы BCAA - лейцин, изолейцин, валин и L-карнитин, а также вспомогательные компоненты, формирующие его необходимые потребительские характеристики - загуститель (камедь ксантановая), регулятор кислотности (лимонная кислота), пищевой ароматизатор («гранат-клубника»), пищевой краситель («кармин») и консервант (сорбиновая кислота). Наличие в составе напитка «Inka Jungle» ряда жизненно важных компонентов позволяет при его приеме существенно увеличить интенсивность тренировок спортсменов, повысить их эффективность, обеспечить психоэмоциональную устойчивость атлетов, достичь эффективной защиты их организма от свободных радикалов и ускорить процесс восстановления после перенесенных интенсивных физических и психологических нагрузок. A promising direction in the development of sports drinks is the inclusion in their composition of biologically active components of plants growing in extreme vegetation conditions. The aim of this work was to create on their basis a sports drink characterized by high tonic properties («Inka Jungle»). As one of the functional components of the drink, was used an extract of the root vegetables of Peruvian maca, which grows on the high plateaus of Bolivia, Peru and northwestern Argentina at an altitude of 3500-4500 meters above sea level in conditions of sharp temperature changes, intense solar radiation and strong winds. The combination of these conditions endows this plant with unique biological properties. Consuming Peruvian maka intensifies and stabilizes the processes of excitation in the central nervous system, and as a result, a person's vital activity «wakes up», his mood improves, his working capacity rises, and his physical and mental endurance increases. As another functional component of the «Inka Jungle» drink, it contains an extract of Turner shrub or damiana, which grows in South and Central America and the Caribbean. It was found that damiana leaf extract relieves nervousness, gives energy when physical fatigue occurs, for example, after intense training and competition, and increases the overall potential of the body. The composition of the «Inka Jungle» drink as functional components also includes amino acids of the BCAA group - leucine, isoleucine, valine and L-carnitine, as well as auxiliary components that form its necessary consumer characteristics - a thickener (xanthan gum), an acidity regulator (citric acid), food flavoring («pomegranate-strawberry») and food coloring («carmine») and preservative (sorbic acid). The presence in the composition of the drink «Inka Jungle» of a number of vital components allows, when taken, to significantly increase the intensity of training of athletes, to increase their efficiency, to ensure their psycho-emotional stability, to achieve effective protection of their body from free radicals and to accelerate the recovery process after suffering intense physical and psychological stress.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

WATANABE, Daisuke, Hiroshi MAEKAWA, and Yuichi MATSUO. "SUPERSONIC PLANE JET AT HIGHT CONVECTIVE MACH NUMBER(Plane Jet)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.189.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

von Backstro¨m, Theodor W. "Calculation of Pressure and Density in Solar Power Plant Chimneys." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 1 (January 27, 2003): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1530198.

Full text

Abstract:

This technical brief develops calculation methods for the pressure drop in very tall chimneys, as in solar chimney power plants. The methods allow for density and flow area change with height, for wall friction and internal bracing drag. It presents equations for the vertical pressure and density distributions in terms of Mach number. One of these is a generalization of the adiabatic pressure lapse ratio equation to include flow at small Mach numbers. The other is analogous to the hydrostatic relationship between pressure, density, and height, but extends it to small Mach numbers. Its integration leads to an accurate value of the average density in the chimney.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Oré, Raquel, Silvia Suárez, Luis Rojas, Rubén Valdivieso, Rosa Oriondo, Fernando Tapia, and Juan Trabuco. "Efecto del extracto acuoso de maca sobre la función cognitiva en ratas recién destetadas." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 72, no. 1 (February 20, 2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v72i1.1096.

Full text

Abstract:

Introducción: La maca, Lepidium meyenii walp, es una planta que crece en las alturas de los andes peruanos; es usada como alimento, por su valor nutricional y sus propiedades etnomedicinales, unidos a la fertilidad y vitalidad. En la actualidad, se ha incrementado el interés público en los polifenoles, que tendrían efecto inhibitorio sobre la actividad acetilcolinesterasa y butirilcolinesterasas, y de esta manera se mejoraría las funciones cognitivas, aunque los mecanismos aún no han sido dilucidados. Por esta razón, se ha propuesto que la maca es un adaptógeno, que aumenta la energía, resistencia y reduce el estrés. Objetivos: Demostrar y evaluar el efecto energizante de la maca amarilla sobre la memoria y el aprendizaje por medio de pruebas bioquímicas, en un modelo animal de ratas destetadas. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Ratas recién destetadas y extracto acuoso de maca amarillo. Intervenciones: A ratas recién destetadas se les administró extracto acuoso de maca amarillo (0,4 mg, 0,8 mg y 1,2 mg/g de peso), durante 15 días, y luego se les sometió a la prueba de aprendizaje espacial acuática de Morris. También, se tomó muestras de cerebro para determinaciones bioquímicas. Principales medidas de resultados: Mejoría del aprendizaje y la memoria. Resultados: Se encontró inhibición de la butirilcolinesterasa, cuando se administró dosis crecientes de maca, excepto el grupo que recibió 0,8 mg/g. Los niveles de lipoperoxidación en el cerebro (daño oxidativo) disminuyeron al incrementar la dosis de maca; así mismo, los tiempos (s) en hallar la plataforma en la prueba de Morris disminuyeron al incrementar la dosis de maca amarilla. La concentración de glutatión en el cerebro se incrementó con la administración de maca, pero sin ser significativo. Conclusiones: La administración de extracto acuoso de maca mejora el aprendizaje y la memoria en animales de experimentación, así como las defensas antioxidantes en cerebro.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Troya-Santos, Jhon, Silvia Suárez-Cunza, and Neptalí Ale-Borja. "CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE in vitro Y EFECTO HIPOGLUCEMIANTE DE LA MACA NEGRA (Lepidium meyenii) PREPARADA TRADICIONALMENTE." Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú 83, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v83i1.102.

Full text

Abstract:

La maca (Lepidium meyenii) es una planta peruana nativa de los Andes centrales a la que se le atribuyen diversas propiedades, como mejorar la función sexual y la espermatogénesis, mejorar el aprendizaje, y la reducción del estrés; las mismas que podrían estar relacionadas con la variedad de este hipocótilo. Sin embargo, estas propiedades no sólo están basadas en el ecotipo o el color sino también en el tipo de prácticas del procesamiento de la maca. Tradicionalmente, la maca es preparada haciéndose hervir en agua. El objetivo del estudio fue medir la capacidad antioxidante in vitro de la maca negra de acuerdo a la forma de preparación tradicional y su efecto hipoglucemiante in vivo. Se hicieron tres preparados de la misma muestra sometidos a diferentes tiempos de cocción: 30, 45 y 60 minutos. A cada uno de los preparados se les determinó la capacidad antioxidante in vitro mediante las técnicas con 1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH) y ácido 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin- 6-sulfónico (ABTS). Para el estudio in vivo, se realizó la inducción de diabetes experimental con estreptozotocina y se les suplementó con maca diariamente, se evaluó la evolución glucémica en un periodo de 14 días. La maca a 60 minutos de cocción presentó mayor capacidad antioxidante (6,8 μg/mL y 203,0 μg/mL) mediante los reactivos DPPH y ABTS, respetivamente. La misma que mostró mantener los niveles glucémicos reducidos. La preparación de la maca de forma tradicional con 60 minutos de cocción obtiene un incremento de la capacidad antioxidante in vitro respecto a 30 y 45 minutos de cocción, además este tiene un efecto hipoglucemiante en un modelo de diabetes inducida con estreptozotocina.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Song, H., X. Fan, Y. Zhang, T. Wang, and Y. Feng. "Application of microfiltration for reuse of backwash water in a conventional water treatment plant - a case study." Water Supply 1, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2001): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0115.

Full text

Abstract:

In conventional drinking water treatment processes, the amount of the filter backwash water covers nearly 3% of the total production. To reduce the water loss and waste discharge in the conventional drinking water treatment process, the Macao Water Supply Co. Ltd (SAAM) plans to recover the backwash water by Microfiltration (MF) membrane process as water resources are scarce and new environmental regulations are mandated in Macao. Generally, the filter backwash water from the conventional water treatment plant with sedimentation process is recycled to the source water to be treated again under certain conditions, and the sedimentation tank discharges most of the sludge. However, it is possible to recycle the backwash water directly to the inlet for direct filtration process due to the limitation of inlet turbidity. This paper describes how to apply MF technology to treat the backwash water of the direct filtration plant and to optimize MF operation. Without pre-treatment of the settling basin for backwash water, the operation of the MF pilot plant is proved to be stable and the permeate quality can meet EU drinking water standards. The pilot study shows that it is both economically and technically feasible to adopt MF technology in backwash water treatment. The main parameters to test MF process include flux, chemical cleaning duration and transmembrane pressure (TMP). They are 150-200 L/m2.h, 20 days and <1 bar respectively. The estimated cost including O&M and investment for a 1320-1760 m3/d backwash water treatment plant is USD 0.126-0.168/m3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Maca (plant)'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles