Journal articles: 'MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. Toddler'

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FENSON, LARRY, STEVE PETHICK, CONNIE RENDA, JEFFREY L. COX, PHILIP S. DALE, and J. STEVEN REZNICK. "Short-form versions of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories." Applied Psycholinguistics 21, no. 1 (March 2000): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400001053.

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The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) are a pair of widely used parent-report instruments for assessing communicative skills in infants and toddlers. This report describes short-form versions of the CDIs and their development, summarizes newly available normative data and psychometric properties of the instruments, and discusses research and clinical applications. The infant short form (Level I, for 8- to 18-month-olds) contains an 89-word checklist for vocabulary comprehension and production. The two parallel versions of the toddler short form (Level II, Forms A and B, for 16- to 30-month-olds) each contain a 100-word vocabulary production checklist and a question about word combinations. The forms may also be useful with developmentally delayed children beyond the specified age ranges. Copies of the short forms and the normative tables appear in the appendices.

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Hulle, Carol A. Van, H. H. Goldsmith, and Kathryn S. Lemery. "Genetic, Environmental, and Gender Effects on Individual Differences in Toddler Expressive Language." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47, no. 4 (August 2004): 904–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/067).

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In this article, the authors examined the genetic and environmental factors influencing expressive language development in a sample of 386 toddler twin pairs participating in the Wisconsin Twin Project. Expressive language was assessed using 2 measures from the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories-Short Form: Total Vocabulary and Two-Word Combination Use (L. Fenson et al., 2000). A sex-limitation structural equation model estimated the contribution of genetics, shared environment, and nonshared environment to individual variation. For vocabulary, heritability was higher for boys than for girls (20% vs. 8%). For word combination use, heritability was higher for girls (28% vs. 10%). However, the majority of individual variation in both boys and girls could be attributed to shared environment (54%–78%). KEY WORDS: twins, language, toddlerhood, gender differences

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Rescorla, Leslie, Nan Bernstein Ratner, Peter Jusczyk, and Anne Marie Jusczyk. "Concurrent Validity of the Language Development Survey: Associations With the MacArthur—Bates Communicative Development Inventories." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 14, no. 2 (May 2005): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2005/016).

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This study examined the concurrent validity of the Language Development Survey (LDS), a 310-word parent report screening tool for language delay in toddlers, by testing its associations with the MacArthur—Bates Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Sentences (CDI:WS), a 680-word parent report instrument. Participants were 239 toddlers 23–25 months of age. The correlation between total vocabulary score on the 2 instruments was .95, and correlations across comparable semantic categories ranged from .84 to .94. The correlation between the LDS and the CDI:WS for mean length of phrases calculated on 3 examples of the child’s longest and best phrases was .90. Both instruments demonstrated that parents reported higher vocabulary and mean phrase length scores for girls. The study indicates that information obtained from the LDS about rank ordering of toddlers in terms of their reported vocabulary and mean length of phrases is equivalent to that obtained from the longer CDI:WS.

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MARJANOVIČ-UMEK, LJUBICA, URŠKA FEKONJA-PEKLAJ, and ANJA PODLESEK. "Characteristics of early vocabulary and grammar development in Slovenian-speaking infants and toddlers: a CDI-adaptation study*." Journal of Child Language 40, no. 4 (August 6, 2012): 779–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000244.

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ABSTRACTA large body of research shows that vocabulary does not develop independently of grammar, representing a better predictor of the grammatical complexity of toddlers' utterances than age. This study examines for the first time the characteristics of vocabulary and grammar development in Slovenian-speaking infants and toddlers using the Slovenian adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). The sample included 512 Slovenian-speaking infants and toddlers aged 0 ; 8 to 2 ; 6. The findings suggest that between age 0 ; 8 and 2 ; 6 the development of vocabulary is best described using a quadratic function. The results also show that nouns predominate in the vocabularies of infants and toddlers of various ages; as they age and with the increasing size of their vocabularies, the share of interjections decreases and the share of verbs and adjectives increases. The size of vocabulary was also found to be related to the grammatical structure of toddlers' utterances.

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Rossen, Larissa, Sarah Montgomery, Deborah Zibrik, Roger Dyer, Tim Oberlander, and Yvonne Lamers. "Blood DHA, Choline, and Lutein Concentrations and Their Correlation with Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in 18-Month Old Toddlers: Preliminary Findings." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_137.

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Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate associations between key nutrients identified as critical for central nervous system development and function, but which are limited in the diet of toddlers, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in toddler-aged children. We hypothesize that higher concentrations of key nutrients are associated with higher neurocognitive development scores. Methods Cross-sectional baseline data were drawn from 18-month old toddlers residing in Vancouver, Canada, who participated in a partially randomized controlled trial investigating associations between feeding patterns, nutrient biomarker status, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Cognitive and behavioural outcomes considered for this analysis included: The Bayley Scale of Infant Development (3rd Ed; BSID-III); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form (ECBQ); and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Words & Gestures and Words & Sentences; MCDI-WG & WS). Blood biomarkers of nutrients of interest included plasma concentration of ferritin, lutein, choline, vitamins A and D, and betaine, as well as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) measured as a percentage of total fatty acids in red blood cells. Results Sixty-nine toddlers (34 boys, 35 girls) with preliminary data available had a mean gestational age at birth and birthweight of 39.5 weeks and 3.48 kg, respectively. Preliminary (unadjusted) findings show higher levels of DHA corresponded with lower scores of effortful control on the ECBQ (rho = –.35, P < .01) while higher levels of lutein were associated with higher scores on the MCDI-WG (rho = .33, P < .05). Conclusions These preliminary findings may reflect an important association between nutritional status and optimal brain function at 18-months of age, a period of life which is particularly sensitive to nutrient inadequacies. These findings require confirmation in a larger sample size and causality testing of the relationship in a dose-dependency trial. Funding Sources This study is supported by The University of British Columbia, and the British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada, and is funded by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.

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Cunningham, Barbara Jane, Elaine Kwok, Cindy Earle, and Janis Oram Cardy. "Exploring participation and impairment-based outcomes for Target Word™: A parent-implemented intervention for preschoolers identified as late-to-talk." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 35, no. 2 (June 2019): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659019846931.

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This study explored participation- and impairment-based outcomes for 24 late-to-talk toddlers ( M age = 20.46 months, SD = 3.09, 62.5% male) whose parents participated in Target Word™, The Hanen Program® for Parents of Children who are Late Talkers in community clinics across Ontario. Parents completed the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MBCDI), The Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS-34), and a speech sound checklist: (1) prior to starting the program, (2) at the end of direct intervention, and (3) after a consolidation period. Speech-language pathologists classified children’s communicative function using the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) at all assessment points and provided FOCUS scores from an initial assessment. No change was recorded in CFCS levels between initial assessment and start of the program, but many children moved to a more advanced level by the end of the program ( n = 12) or consolidation period ( n = 19). Significant changes in children’s communicative participation skills (FOCUS) were found between initial assessment and the start of the program, and during the 12-week direct intervention (75% made clinically meaningful change). Significant growth in expressive vocabulary and consonant inventory occurred during direct intervention. Correlations between change on impairment- and participation-based measures were not significant. The Target Word program appears to improve communicative function for late-to-talk preschoolers. Children also made gains in communicative participation skills, expressive vocabulary, and consonant inventory during the program, but further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of Target Word in these areas.

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Manwaring, Stacy S., Lauren Swineford, Danielle L. Mead, Chih-Ching Yeh, Yue Zhang, and Audrey Thurm. "The gesture–language association over time in toddlers with and without language delays." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 4 (January 2019): 239694151984554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396941519845545.

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Background and aims Young children with language delays or other factors that heighten risk for autism spectrum disorder often show reduced gesture use. In particular, deictic gestures such as pointing and showing are reported to be deficient in young children with autism spectrum disorder, and their use has been found to predict expressive vocabulary development. The first aim of this study was to examine the production of two types of gestures (deictic and conventional) for two communicative functions (behavior regulation and joint attention) across two observational contexts in a sample of 18-month-old toddlers with significant language delays compared to typical controls. The second aim was to examine if and how gesture use (type and communicative function) at 18 months is associated with later receptive and expressive language. Methods Toddlers with significant language delays ( n = 30) or typical development ( n = 62) were drawn from longitudinal studies of early language delay as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder. Toddlers identified with early language delay were classified based on a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder ( n = 12) or non-autism spectrum disorder ( n = 18) after an evaluation at 36 months. Gestures were coded from video recordings of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile–Behavior Sample and a naturalistic parent–child interaction obtained at 18 months. Language outcomes included receptive and expressive age equivalents from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the number of words produced on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories. Results At 18 months, toddlers with language delay showed reduced deictic and conventional gesture use in both the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile–Behavior Sample and parent–child interaction compared to toddlers with typical development. Within the language delay group, toddlers with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis at outcome also produced significantly fewer deictic gestures than those without an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis across both communicative functions and observational contexts. While all groups of toddlers gestured more in the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile–Behavior Sample, the mean difference in gesture use between the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile–Behavior Sample and parent–child interaction was significantly larger in toddlers with typical development than language delay for deictic gestures, as compared to the difference between the two contexts for conventional gestures. In the combined sample, a significant association was found between deictic gestures used in the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile–Behavior Sample and change in the number of words produced from 18 to 36 months, accounting for significant demographic and developmental confounders. Conclusions Findings show that early language delay is associated with reduced deictic and conventional gestures across observational contexts. Importantly, deictic gesture use, but not conventional, was associated with the development of expressive language in toddlers with and without language delays. Implications Deictic gestures play an important role in the development of expressive language in toddlers, including those with language delays. Assessment of young children with language delays should include evaluation of types of gestures used and communicative function of gestures, with assessments utilizing communicative temptations yielding higher rates of gesture production. Directly targeting both gesture type and function in early intervention may be important in facilitating the development of language.

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Yim, Dongsun, Yoonhee Yang, Jeongwon Choi, Jia Han, and Miseon Chae. "Differences in Early Vocabulary Development from 18-36-month-old Late Talkers and Typically Developing Toddlers of Matched Age and Expressive Vocabulary Levels." Communication Sciences & Disorders 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.21818.

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Objectives: This study aimed to examine information about two-word combinations of 18-36-month-old toddlers and identify predictors of the two-word combinations in 18-36-month-old late talkers, and age-matched, and expressive vocabulary-matched typically developing toddlers.Methods: A total of 1,051 toddlers participated in this study, including 25-36-month-old late-talkers (LT) (N= 43), typically developing age-matched (AM) toddlers (N = 847), and typically developing expressive vocabulary-matched (VM) toddlers aged 18-24 months (N= 161). The study examines the data collected from Korean MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (K M-B CDI; Pae & Kwak, 2011). The dataset was obtained through the Wordbank website (wordbank.stanford.edu).Results: There were significant differences in the two-word combination utterance for each group. The most frequently represented group of the two-word combinations was the AM group with 12.6%, followed by the LT group with 4.7%, and the VM group with 0.6%. The factor significantly correlated with the two-word combinations was consistently found to be receptive vocabulary in all groups. In addition, the receptive vocabulary factor showed significant explanatory power for the two-word combinations only in the AM group.Conclusion: The LT group showed more two-word combinations yields than the younger VM group, suggesting that the age effect cannot be ignored for two-word combinations. Regarding the production of word classes, the percentage of noun production was the highest out of all the word classes, however the LT group’s production was significantly lower than the AM groups. In addition, the LT group lacked the proportion of adjectives compared with the VM group, which suggests that adjectives may be particularly difficult as they are used for describing abstract properties.

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Bavin, Edith L., Julia Sarant, Luke Prendergast, Peter Busby, Greg Leigh, and Candida Peterson. "Positive Parenting Behaviors: Impact on the Early Vocabulary of Infants/Toddlers With Cochlear Implants." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 1210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00401.

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Purpose To extend our knowledge about factors influencing early vocabulary development for infants with cochlear implants (CIs), we investigated the impact of positive parenting behaviors (PPBs) from the Indicator of Parent Child Interaction, used in parent–child interactions during everyday activities. Method Implantation age for the sample recruited from CI clinics in Australia ranged from 6 to 10 months for 22 children and from 11 to 21 months for 11 children. Three observation sessions at three monthly intervals were coded for use of PPBs. Children's productive vocabulary, based on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories parent checklist, was collected approximately 6 and 9 months later. A repeated-measures negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate associations between the total PPBs per session, covariates (maternal education, gender, and time since implant), and the number of words produced. In follow-up analyses with the PPBs entered separately, variable selection was used to retain only those deemed informative, based on the Akaike information criterion. Results As early as Session 1, associations between the PPBs and vocabulary were identified. Time since implant had a positive effect. For different sessions, specific PPBs (descriptive language, follows child's lead, and acceptance and warmth) were identified as important contributors. Conclusions Complementing previous findings, valuable information was identified about parenting behaviors that are likely to impact positively the early vocabulary of infants with CIs. Of importance is providing parents with information and training in skills that have the potential to help create optimal contexts for promoting their child's early vocabulary development.

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Barnes, Julia, and Iñaki Garcia. "Vocabulary growth and composition in monolingual and bilingual Basque infants and toddlers." International Journal of Bilingualism 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006912438992.

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The question as to whether there is a threshold value for input below which bilinguals do not achieve a monolingual-like development often arises. Although input does not seem to be determining for learning syntax, according to Juan-Garau and Pérez-Vidal, the amount of vocabulary acquired is proportional to the time of exposure. This article contributes to the current discussion with data from very young children exposed either to monolingual input of Basque or to different degrees of bilingual input of Basque and Spanish/French. The corpus for the present investigation has been extracted from the adaptation to Basque of the MacArthur–Bates communicative development inventories 1 and 2 questionnaires based on parental reports. These questionnaires, adapted to more than 40 languages throughout the world ( www.sci.sdsu.edu/cdi ), involve monthly data collection from different children for each age interval between ages 8 and 30 months and have proved to be a powerful instrument to establish normal linguistic development and deviance at an early stage. This study finds that the development of productive vocabulary in the four input groups established follows the tendencies described by Bates et al. but at different paces corresponding to different vocabulary sizes. In other words, the ‘nominal bias’ lasts to a higher age in the lower input groups, and the lexical diversity appears earlier in the higher input groups. Furthermore, lexical verbs, not predicates, are analysed as a separate category based on the study by Barreña and Serrat, which showed a higher proportion of verbs appeared in Basque as compared to the surrounding Romance languages. This tendency towards the use of verbs is confirmed in the data collected from input groups with higher exposure to Basque.

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Sansavini, Alessandra, Mariagrazia Zuccarini, Dino Gibertoni, Arianna Bello, Maria Cristina Caselli, Luigi Corvaglia, and Annalisa Guarini. "Language Profiles and Their Relation to Cognitive and Motor Skills at 30 Months of Age: An Online Investigation of Low-Risk Preterm and Full-Term Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 2715–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00636.

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Purpose Wide interindividual variability characterizes language development in the general and at-risk populations of up to 3 years of age. We adopted a complex approach that considers multiple aspects of lexical and grammatical skills to identify language profiles in low-risk preterm and full-term children. We also investigated biological and environmental predictors and relations between language profiles and cognitive and motor skills. Method We enrolled 200 thirty-month-old Italian-speaking children—consisting of 100 low-risk preterm and 100 comparable full-term children. Parents filled out the Italian version of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories Infant and Toddler Short Forms (word comprehension, word production, and incomplete and complete sentence production), Parent Report of Children's Abilities–Revised (cognitive score), and Early Motor Questionnaire (fine motor, gross motor, perception–action, and total motor scores) questionnaires. Results A latent profile analysis identified four profiles: poor (21%), with lowest receptive and expressive vocabulary and absent or limited word combination and phonological accuracy; weak (22.5%), with average receptive but limited expressive vocabulary, incomplete sentences, and absent or limited phonological accuracy; average (25%), with average receptive and expressive vocabulary, use of incomplete and complete sentences, and partial phonological accuracy; and advanced (31.5%), with highest expressive vocabulary, complete sentence production, and phonological accuracy. Lower cognitive and motor scores characterized the poor profile, and lower cognitive and perception–action scores characterized the weak profile. Having a nonworking mother and a father with lower education increased the probability of a child's assignment to the poor profile, whereas being small for gestational age at birth increased it for the weak profile. Conclusions These findings suggest a need for a person-centered and cross-domain approach to identifying children with language weaknesses and implementing timely interventions. An online procedure for data collection and data-driven analyses based on multiple lexical and grammatical skills appear to be promising methodological innovations. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14818179

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Valleau, Matthew James, Haruka Konishi, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, and Sudha Arunachalam. "An Eye-Tracking Study of Receptive Verb Knowledge in Toddlers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 2917–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0363.

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Purpose We examined receptive verb knowledge in 22- to 24-month-old toddlers with a dynamic video eye-tracking test. The primary goal of the study was to examine the utility of eye-gaze measures that are commonly used to study noun knowledge for studying verb knowledge. Method Forty typically developing toddlers participated. They viewed 2 videos side by side (e.g., girl clapping, same girl stretching) and were asked to find one of them (e.g., “Where is she clapping?”). Their eye-gaze, recorded by a Tobii T60XL eye-tracking system, was analyzed as a measure of their knowledge of the verb meanings. Noun trials were included as controls. We examined correlations between eye-gaze measures and score on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI; Fenson et al., 1994), a standard parent report measure of expressive vocabulary to see how well various eye-gaze measures predicted CDI score. Results A common measure of knowledge—a 15% increase in looking time to the target video from a baseline phase to the test phase—did correlate with CDI score but operationalized differently for verbs than for nouns. A 2nd common measure, latency of 1st look to the target, correlated with CDI score for nouns, as in previous work, but did not for verbs. A 3rd measure, fixation density, correlated for both nouns and verbs, although the correlation went in different directions. Conclusions The dynamic nature of videos depicting verb knowledge results in differences in eye-gaze as compared to static images depicting nouns. An eye-tracking assessment of verb knowledge is worthwhile to develop. However, the particular dependent measures used may be different than those used for static images and nouns.

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Frota, Sónia, Joseph Butler, Susana Correia, Cátia Severino, Selene Vicente, and Marina Vigário. "Infant communicative development assessed with the European Portuguese MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories short forms." First Language 36, no. 5 (July 25, 2016): 525–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723716648867.

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JACKSON-MALDONADO, DONNA, VIRGINIA A. MARCHMAN, and LIA C. H. FERNALD. "Short-form versions of the Spanish MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories." Applied Psycholinguistics 34, no. 4 (March 21, 2012): 837–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000045.

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ABSTRACTThe Spanish-language MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (S-CDIs) are well-established parent report tools for assessing the language development of Spanish-speaking children under 3 years. Here, we introduce the short-form versions of the S-CDIs (SFI and SFII), offered as alternatives to the long forms for screening purposes or in applications requiring a less-demanding instrument. Norming data (SFI: n = 601; SFII: n = 2,534) from diverse populations in Mexico are described. Developmental trends, gender differences, and socioeconomic status effects are reported that parallel those for the long forms. An additional small-scale study (n = 62) demonstrates strong convergence between responses on the long and the short forms. These results provide evidence that the S-CDI SFs have promise for a range of clinical and research applications.

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Vulāne, Anna, Olga Urek, and Dace Markus. "LATVIAN ADAPTATION OF MCARTHUR-BATES COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT INVENTORIES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 26, 2016): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol2.1411.

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The article discusses the methodology and the preliminary results of the research project entitled “Latvian language in Monolingual and Bilingual Acquisition: tools, theories and applications” (LAMBA). The project involves 25 researchers – linguists, educators, psychologists – from five institutions in Latvia and Norway, and focuses on phonological, lexical and morphosyntactic acquisition of Latvian as a native language in monolingual and bilingual settings. One of the main goals of the project is to develop a set of norm-referenced language assessment tools that would allow for accurate and time-efficient evaluation of language development in pre-school children.The article will focus specifically on the Latvian adaptation of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories – a parental report tool that assesses the development of receptive and productive vocabulary, and certain aspects of grammar. Two CDI forms were adapted in the project: CDI Words and Gestures designed for use with children between 8 and 16 months of age, and CDI Words and Sentences designed for 16- to 36-month old children. Each CDI form contains extensive and language-specific checklists of lexical items, communicative gestures and grammatical constructions.

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Scherer, Nancy J., and Linda L. D'antonio. "Parent Questionnaire for Screening Early Language Development in Children with Cleft Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 32, no. 1 (January 1995): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1995_032_0007_pqfsel_2.3.co_2.

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This study investigated the efficacy of a parent questionnaire as a component for screening early language development of children 16 to 30 months of age with cleft lip and palate. Thirty nonsyndromic children with cleft lip and palate and 30 children without clefts received the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Toddler (CDI: Toddler), administered by a pediatrician. In addition, a speech-language screening was performed by a speech-language pathologist. Results of the two assessments indicated that the CDI: Toddler was a valid screener of language development when compared with a comprehensive speech-language screening. Language and speech characteristics of the subject populations are discussed. In particular, differences between the cleft and noncleft groups demonstrated evidence of delays in expressive language development in the children with cleft lip and palate.

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BLESES, DORTHE, WERNER VACH, MALENE SLOTT, SONJA WEHBERG, PIA THOMSEN, THOMAS O. MADSEN, and HANS BASBØLL. "The Danish Communicative Developmental Inventories: validity and main developmental trends." Journal of Child Language 35, no. 3 (June 27, 2008): 651–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000907008574.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents a large-scale cross-sectional study of Danish children's early language acquisition based on the Danish adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). Measures of validity and reliability imply that the Danish adaptation of the American CDI has been adjusted linguistically and culturally in appropriate ways which makes it suitable for tapping into Danish children's language acquisition. The study includes 6,112 randomly selected children in the age of 0 ; 8 to 3 ; 0, and results related to the development of early gestures, comprehension and production of words as well as grammatical skills, are presented.

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Fenson, Larry, Steve Pethick, Connie Renda, Philip S. Dale, and J. Steven Reznick. "Normative data for the short form versions of the Macarthur communicative development inventories." Infant Behavior and Development 21 (April 1998): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(98)91617-4.

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Mayor, Julien, and Nivedita Mani. "A short version of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories with high validity." Behavior Research Methods 51, no. 5 (October 10, 2018): 2248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1146-0.

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Kyuchukov, Hristo. "Acquisition of Romani in a Bilingual Context." Psychology of Language and Communication 18, no. 3 (November 1, 2014): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2014-0015.

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ABSTRACTThe paper presents research findings from research on Roma children and their acquisition of different grammatical categories in the Romani language. Results from three different studies with Roma children from Bulgaria are discussed: acquisition of mental state verbs (MSV), Bates-MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) in Romani and subtests from DELV (Seymour, Roeper, & de Villiers, 2005). All the testing and research shows that Roma children follow the paths of normally developing children in their language development. Roma children are able to correctly use nouns, verbs, wh-questions and to assume different communicative roles.

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Feldman, Heidi M., Christine A. Dollaghan, Thomas F. Campbell, Marcia Kurs-Lasky, Janine E. Janosky, and Jack L. Paradise. "Measurement Properties of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories at Ages One and Two Years." Child Development 71, no. 2 (March 2000): 310–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00146.

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Trudeau, Natacha, and Ann Sutton. "Expressive vocabulary and early grammar of 16- to 30-month-old children acquiring Quebec French." First Language 31, no. 4 (July 8, 2011): 480–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723711410828.

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This article reports on data obtained through the Quebec-French adaptation of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories – Words and Sentences ( N = 826). Results from parent questionnaires show a steady increase in expressive vocabulary and the use of morphology and syntax with age, as well as links between the three components. Strong correlations between parent reports and sample analysis confirm the concurrent validity of the parental reports.

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REESE, ELAINE, and STEPHANIE READ. "Predictive validity of the New Zealand MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences." Journal of Child Language 27, no. 2 (June 2000): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900004098.

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This study assessed the long-term predictive validity of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Sentences (CDI[ratio ]WS; Fenson, Dale, Reznick, Thal, Bates, Hartung, Pethick & Reilly, 1993) for children's expressive and receptive vocabulary development. Sixty-one New Zealand children (31 females) were assessed with a New Zealand version of the CDI[ratio ]WS at 1;7 and 2;1 and with the Expressive Vocabulary Test (Williams, 1997) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (Dunn & Dunn, 1997) at 2;8 and 3;4. Excellent reliability and good predictive validity was obtained for the NZ CDI[ratio ]WS even over a 21-month delay. Predictive validity of the NZ CDI[ratio ]WS for the PPVT-III was higher for children of mothers with less education. We discuss the implications of these results for use of the CDI[ratio ]WS with children from a broad range of cultural and educational backgrounds.

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Rasmussen, Sissal M., and Dorthe Bleses. "Faroese children’s early vocabulary acquisition: A Faroese adaptation of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories." First Language 38, no. 6 (October 8, 2018): 641–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723718803481.

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The focus of this article is Faroese children’s early vocabulary acquisition using a Faroese adaptation of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MBCDI) parental report. The study is a population-based cross-sectional study including 1135 children aged 8–36 months. The article has two objectives: the first is to describe the Faroese adaptation of the MBCDI, and the second is to examine Faroese children’s early vocabulary acquisition. Selected percentile levels for vocabulary comprehension and production are presented, as well as gender differences and developmental trends. The study finds evidence for a spurt in productive vocabulary in the second year of life, and that vocabulary comprehension preceded production, with both showing increases with age similar to those described in the literature for other languages. Girls had an advantage in vocabulary production over boys, resulting in a significant gender difference. Finally, the early lexical composition of Faroese children is notable in that it contains a substantial number of baby-word forms.

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BAVIN, E. L., M. PRIOR, S. REILLY, L. BRETHERTON, J. WILLIAMS, P. EADIE, Y. BARRETT, and O. C. UKOUMUNNE. "The Early Language in Victoria Study: predicting vocabulary at age one and two years from gesture and object use." Journal of Child Language 35, no. 3 (June 27, 2008): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008726.

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ABSTRACTThe Macarthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) have been used widely to document early communicative development. The paper reports on a large community sample of 1,447 children recruited from low, middle and high socioeconomic (SES) areas across metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the extent to which communicative behaviours reported at 0 ; 8 and 1 ; 0 predicted vocabulary development at 1 ; 0 and 2 ; 0. In support of previous findings with smaller, often less representative samples, gesture and object use at 1 ; 0 were better predictors of 2 ; 0 vocabulary than were gesture and object use at 0 ; 8. At 1 ; 0, children from the lower SES groups were reported to understand more words than children from the higher SES groups, but there were no SES differences for words produced at 1 ; 0 or 2 ; 0. The findings add to our understanding of the variability in the development of early communicative behaviours.

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ELISEEVA, MARINA B. "THE MACARTHUR-BATES COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT INVENTORIES AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR THE LEXICON OF BILINGUAL CHILDREN." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 2, no. 101 (2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2021-2-101-3.

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The article analyzes the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) as a means of research and diagnostics of children's speech in different languages. It takes into account the data from Stanford University websites, which deal with findings resulted from the analysis of completed questionnaires. The sites provide abundant information concerning adaptations of this tool for more than 100 languages and a database of children's passive and active lexicons for 29 languages (including Russian). Moreover, on the basis of 23 languages, they show unique and universal character of word usage in the speech of young learners studying several different languages simultaneously. This article also provides research findings on the bilingual children’s early vocabulary (with Russian as the Heritage language) under the RFBR grant No. 19-012-00293.

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Jung, Jongmin, Jessa Reed, Laura Wagner, Julie Stephens, Andrea D. Warner-Czyz, Kristin Uhler, and Derek Houston. "Early Vocabulary Profiles of Young Deaf Children Who Use Cochlear Implants." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 1254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00315.

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Purpose This study examined vocabulary profiles in young cochlear implant (CI) recipients and in children with normal hearing (NH) matched on receptive vocabulary size to improve our understanding of young CI recipients' acquisition of word categories (e.g., common nouns or closed-class words). Method We compared receptive and expressive vocabulary profiles between young CI recipients ( n = 48; mean age at activation = 15.61 months, SD = 4.20) and children with NH ( n = 48). The two groups were matched on receptive vocabulary size as measured by the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Fenson et al., 2006): Words and Gestures form. The CI group had, on average, 8.98 months of hearing experience. The mean chronological age at completing the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories was 23.99 months ( SD = 5.14) for the CI group and 13.72 months ( SD = 1.50) for the NH group. Results The CI group had a larger expressive vocabulary size than the receptive vocabulary size–matched NH group. The larger expressive vocabulary size was associated with the group difference in social words but not with common nouns. The analyses for predicate words and closed-class words included only children who produced the target categories. The CI group had a larger proportion of predicate words than the NH group, but no difference was found in closed-class words in expressive vocabulary. Conclusions Differences found in expressive vocabulary profiles may be affected by spoken vocabulary size and their age. A further examination is warranted using language samples to understand the effect of language input on children's vocabulary profiles.

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Thal, Donna, Jean L. DesJardin, and Laurie S. Eisenberg. "Validity of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories for Measuring Language Abilities in Children With Cochlear Implants." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 16, no. 1 (February 2007): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2007/007).

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Vogt, Paul, J. Douglas Mastin, and Suzanne Aussems. "Early Vocabulary Development in Rural and Urban Mozambique." Child Development Research 2015 (November 30, 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/189195.

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This paper presents an adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (short version) into three languages spoken in Southern Mozambique. The tool was adapted to study vocabulary development among children of 12 to 25 months of age in two communities: a rural, monolingual Changana speaking community and an urban bilingual Ronga and Portuguese speaking community. We present a norming study carried out with the adaptation, as well as a validation study. The norming study revealed various predictors for reported expressive and receptive vocabulary size. These predictors include age, socioeconomic status, reported health problems, caregiving practices, and location. The validation of the CDI among a small sample in both communities shows positive correlations between the reported expressive vocabulary scores and children’s recorded word production. We conclude that the adapted CDI is useful for research purposes and could be used as a template for adaptations into other languages from similar cultures.

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KRISTOFFERSEN, KRISTIAN E., HANNE GRAM SIMONSEN, DORTHE BLESES, SONJA WEHBERG, RUNE NØRGÅRD JØRGENSEN, ELI ANNE EIESLAND, and LAILA YVONNE HENRIKSEN. "The use of the Internet in collecting CDI data – an example from Norway." Journal of Child Language 40, no. 3 (May 15, 2012): 567–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000153.

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ABSTRACTThis article presents the methodology used in a population-based study of early communicative development in Norwegian children using an adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates communicative development inventories (CDI), comprising approximately 6500 children aged between 0 ; 8 and 3 ; 0. To our knowledge, this is the first CDI study collecting data via the Internet. After a short description of the procedures used in adapting the CDI to Norwegian and the selection of participants, we discuss the advantages and potential pitfalls of using web-based forms as a method of data collection. We found that use of web-based forms was far less time-consuming, and therefore also far less expensive than the traditional paper-based forms. The risk of coding errors was virtually eliminated with this method. We conclude that in a society with high access to the Internet, this is a method well worth pursuing.

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Swaine, Karen V., Connie Renda, Donna Jackson-Maldonado, Donna Thal, and Larry Fenson. "Norms for the spanish language version of the Macarthur communicative development inventories (Inventarios del desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas)." Infant Behavior and Development 19 (April 1996): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90822-x.

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Skarakis-Doyle, Elizabeth, Wenonah Campbell, and Lynn Dempsey. "Identification of Children With Language Impairment: Investigating the Classification Accuracy of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories, Level III." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 18, no. 3 (August 2009): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0035).

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Chai, Jun Ho, Chang Huan Lo, and Julien Mayor. "A Bayesian-Inspired Item Response Theory–Based Framework to Produce Very Short Versions of MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 3488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00361.

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Purpose This study introduces a framework to produce very short versions of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) by combining the Bayesian-inspired approach introduced by Mayor and Mani (2019) with an item response theory–based computerized adaptive testing that adapts to the ability of each child, in line with Makransky et al. (2016). Method We evaluated the performance of our approach—dynamically selecting maximally informative words from the CDI and combining parental response with prior vocabulary data—by conducting real-data simulations using four CDI versions having varying sample sizes on Wordbank—the online repository of digitalized CDIs: American English (a very large data set), Danish (a large data set), Beijing Mandarin (a medium-sized data set), and Italian (a small data set). Results Real-data simulations revealed that correlations exceeding .95 with full CDI administrations were reached with as few as 15 test items, with high levels of reliability, even when languages (e.g., Italian) possessed few digitalized administrations on Wordbank. Conclusions The current approach establishes a generic framework that produces very short (less than 20 items) adaptive early vocabulary assessments—hence considerably reducing their administration time. This approach appears to be robust even when CDIs have smaller samples in online repositories, for example, with around 50 samples per month-age.

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DEVESCOVI, ANTONELLA, MARIA CRISTINA CASELLI, DANIELA MARCHIONE, PATRIZIO PASQUALETTI, JUDY REILLY, and ELIZABETH BATES. "A crosslinguistic study of the relationship between grammar and lexical development." Journal of Child Language 32, no. 4 (November 2005): 759–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000905007105.

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The relationship between grammatical and lexical development was compared in 233 English and 233 Italian children aged between 1;6 and 2;6, matched for age, gender, and vocabulary size on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). Four different measures of Mean Length of Utterance were applied to the three longest utterances reported by parents, and to corrected/expanded versions representing the ‘target’ for each utterance. Italians had longer MLUs on most measures, but the ratio of actual to target MLUs did not differ between languages. Age and vocabulary both contributed significant variance to MLU, but the contribution of vocabulary was much larger, suggesting that vocabulary size may provide a better basis for crosslinguistic comparisons of grammatical development. The relationship between MLU and vocabulary size was non-linear in English but linear in Italian, suggesting that grammar ‘gets off the ground’ earlier in a richly inflected language. A possible mechanism to account for this difference is discussed.

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BLESES, DORTHE, WERNER VACH, MALENE SLOTT, SONJA WEHBERG, PIA THOMSEN, THOMAS O. MADSEN, and HANS BASBØLL. "Early vocabulary development in Danish and other languages: A CDI-based comparison." Journal of Child Language 35, no. 3 (June 27, 2008): 619–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008714.

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ABSTRACTThe main objective of this paper is to describe the trajectory of Danish children's early lexical development relative to other languages, by comparing a Danish study based on the Danish adaptation of The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) to 17 comparable CDI-studies. The second objective is to address the feasibility of cross-linguistic CDI-comparisons. The main finding is that the developmental trend of Danish children's early lexical development is similar to trends observed in other languages, yet the vocabulary comprehension score in the Danish children is the lowest across studies from age 1 ; 0 onwards. We hypothesize that the delay is related to the nature of Danish sound structure, which presents Danish children with a harder task of segmentation. We conclude that CDI-studies are an important resource for cross-language studies, but reporting of studies needs to be standardized and the availability of published data improved in order to make comparisons more straightforward.

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BOUCHARD, CAROLINE, NATACHA TRUDEAU, ANN SUTTON, MARIE-CLAUDE BOUDREAULT, and JOANE DENEAULT. "Gender differences in language development in French Canadian children between 8 and 30 months of age." Applied Psycholinguistics 30, no. 4 (October 2009): 685–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716409990075.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to examine the language of girls and boys between 8 and 30 months of age, using the Quebec French version of The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. The findings from this parental report measure confirm those of earlier research, which showed the linguistic superiority of girls over boys at a young age. More specifically, the results show that girls produce significantly more words than boys; their utterances contain a greater number of grammatical forms, and are more complex syntactically. On the qualitative level, the data illustrate distinctive characteristics associated with gender in the acquisition of the first 100 words. These findings suggest that caution is necessary when assessing young children to interpret performance in light of factors that may contribute to it, including gender. These results are discussed in light of whether separate normative data are warranted for young boys and girls learning Canadian French.

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TARDIF, TWILA, PAUL FLETCHER, WEILAN LIANG, and NIKO KACIROTI. "Early vocabulary development in Mandarin (Putonghua) and Cantonese." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 5 (May 13, 2009): 1115–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908009185.

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ABSTRACTParent report instruments adapted from the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) examined vocabulary development in children aged 0 ; 8 to 2 ; 6 for two Chinese languages, Mandarin (n=1694) and Cantonese (n=1625). Parental reports suggested higher overall scores for Mandarin- than for Cantonese-speaking children from approximately 1 ; 4 onward. Factors relevant to the difference were only-child status, monolingual households and caregiver education. In addition to the comparison of vocabulary scores overall, the development of noun classifiers, grammatical function words common to the two languages, was assessed both in terms of the age and the vocabulary size at which these terms are acquired. Whereas age-based developmental trajectories again showed an advantage for Beijing children, Hong Kong children used classifiers when they had smaller vocabularies, reflecting the higher frequencies and greater precision of classifier use in adult Cantonese. The data speak to the importance of using not just age, but also vocabulary size, as a metric by which the acquisition of particular linguistic elements can be examined across languages.

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Jackson-Maldonado, Donna, Donna Thal, Virginia Marchman, Elizabeth Bates, and Vera Gutierrez-Clellen. "Early lexical development in Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers." Journal of Child Language 20, no. 3 (October 1993): 523–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008461.

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ABSTRACTThis paper describes the early lexical development of a group of 328 normal Spanish-speaking children aged 0;8 to 2;7. First the development and structure of a new parent report instrument,Inventario del Desarollo de Habilidades Communcativasis described. Then five studies carried out with the instrument are presented. In the first study vocabulary development of Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers is compared to that of English-speaking infants and toddlers. The English data were gathered using a comparable parental report, theMacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. In the second study the general characteristics of Spanish language acquisition, and the effects of various demographic factors on that process, are examined. Study 3 examines the differential effects of three methods of collecting the data (mail-in, personal interview, and clinic waiting room administration). Studies 4 and 5 document the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results show that the trajectories of development are very similar for Spanish-and English-speaking children in this age range, that children from varying social groups develop similarly, and that mail-in and personal interview administration techniques produce comparable results. Inventories administered in a medical clinic waiting room, on the otherhand, produced lower estimates of toddler vocabulary than the other two models.

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Galeote, Miguel, Elena Checa, Concepción Sánchez-Palacios, Eugenia Sebastián, and Pilar Soto. "Adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories for Spanish Children With Down Syndrome: Validity and Reliability Data for Vocabulary." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 25, no. 3 (August 2016): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_ajslp-15-0007.

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ROBINSON, BYRON F., and CAROLYN B. MERVIS. "Comparing productive vocabulary measures from the CDI and a systematic diary study." Journal of Child Language 26, no. 1 (February 1999): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000998003663.

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Expressive vocabulary data gathered during a systematic diary study of one male child's early language development are compared to data that would have resulted from longitudinal administration of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories spoken vocabulary checklist (CDI). Comparisons are made for (1) the number of words at monthly intervals (9;10.15 to 2;0.15), (2) proportion of words by lexical class (i.e. noun, predicate, closed class, ‘other’), (3) growth curves. The CDI underestimates the number of words in the diary study, with the underestimation increasing as vocabulary size increases. The proportion of diary study words appearing on the CDI differed as a function of lexical class. Finally, despite the differences in vocabulary size, logistic curves proved to be the best fitting model to characterize vocabulary development as measured by both the diary study and the CDI. Implications for the longitudinal use of the CDI are discussed.

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Liu, Liquan, Mengru Han, and René Kager. "Keeping up with the monolinguals." Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 6, no. 1 (October 19, 2017): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.6.1.03liu.

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Abstract Previous studies investigating possible differences between monolingual and bilingual infants’ vocabulary development have produced mixed results. The current study examines the size of the total receptive and expressive vocabulary, total conceptual vocabulary, and specific Dutch vocabulary of two hundred 8- to 18-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants born and living in the Netherlands. Families completed a Dutch version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventories. Results illustrate that bilingual infants keep up with monolinguals even in Dutch receptive and expressive vocabulary sizes, showing no trace of delay in the development of the socially dominant language. The overall findings constitute an extension of work on vocabulary acquisition and challenge existing theories that suggest a developmental delay among bilingual learners. The equal pace of development between the monolingual and bilingual groups provides new insights into the influence and perhaps advantages of early bilingual language acquisition.

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RINALDI, Pasquale, Patrizio PASQUALETTI, Silvia STEFANINI, Arianna BELLO, and Maria Cristina CASELLI. "The Italian Words and Sentences MB-CDI: normative data and concordance between complete and short forms." Journal of Child Language 46, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 546–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000011.

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AbstractOne of the most popular and widely used parent report instruments for assessing early language acquisition is the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDI). This study compares normative data of the Italian Words and Sentences complete form (WS-CF) and short form (WS-SF). The samples included 752 children for the WS-CF and 816 children for the WS-SF designed for children aged 18–36 months. The concordance between WS-SF and WS-CF is analyzed in a subgroup of 65 children. The results revealed strong correlations between WS-CF and WS-SF in both lexical and grammar skills as well as strong relationship between lexical and grammar skills. There was a high percentage agreement (97%) between the two forms for scores below the 10th percentile, suggesting that the two forms may be used interchangeably in order to describe vocabulary and grammatical development.

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JØRGENSEN, RUNE NØRGAARD, PHILIP S. DALE, DORTHE BLESES, and LARRY FENSON. "CLEX: A cross-linguistic lexical norms database*." Journal of Child Language 37, no. 2 (July 2, 2009): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909009544.

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ABSTRACTParent report has proven a valid and cost-effective means of evaluating early child language. Norming datasets for these instruments, which provide the basis for standardized comparisons of individual children to a population, can also be used to derive norms for the acquisition of individual words in production and comprehension and also early gestures and symbolic actions. These lexical norms have a wide range of uses in basic research, assessment and intervention. In addition, cross-linguistic comparisons of lexical development are greatly facilitated by the availability of norms from diverse languages. This report describes the development of CLEX, a new web-based cross-linguistic database for lexical data from adaptations of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. CLEX provides tools for a range of analyses within and across languages. It is designed to incorporate additional language datasets easily, and to permit users to define mappings between lexical items in pairs of languages for more specific cross-linguistic comparisons.

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Castellanos, Irina, David B. Pisoni, William G. Kronenberger, and Jessica Beer. "Early Expressive Language Skills Predict Long-Term Neurocognitive Outcomes in Cochlear Implant Users: Evidence from the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 25, no. 3 (August 2016): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_ajslp-15-0023.

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CAN, DILARA DENIZ, MARIKA GINSBURG-BLOCK, ROBERTA MICHNICK GOLINKOFF, and KATHRYN HIRSH-PASEK. "A long-term predictive validity study: Can the CDI Short Form be used to predict language and early literacy skills four years later?" Journal of Child Language 40, no. 4 (July 31, 2012): 821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500091200030x.

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ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study examined the predictive validity of the MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventories-Short Form (CDI-SF), a parent report questionnaire about children's language development (Fenson, Pethick, Renda, Cox, Dale & Reznick, 2000). Data were first gathered from parents on the CDI-SF vocabulary scores for seventy-six children (mean age=1 ; 10). Four years later (mean age=6 ; 1), children were assessed on language outcomes (expressive vocabulary, syntax, semantics and pragmatics) and code-related skills, including phonemic awareness, word recognition and decoding skills. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that early expressive vocabulary accounted for 17% of the variance in picture vocabulary, 11% of the variance in syntax, and 7% of the variance in semantics, while not accounting for any variance in pragmatics in kindergarten. CDI-SF scores did not predict code-related skills in kindergarten. The importance of early vocabulary skills for later language development and CDI-SF as a valuable research tool are discussed.

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FRANK, MICHAEL C., MIKA BRAGINSKY, DANIEL YUROVSKY, and VIRGINIA A. MARCHMAN. "Wordbank: an open repository for developmental vocabulary data." Journal of Child Language 44, no. 3 (May 18, 2016): 677–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000916000209.

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AbstractThe MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) are a widely used family of parent-report instruments for easy and inexpensive data-gathering about early language acquisition. CDI data have been used to explore a variety of theoretically important topics, but, with few exceptions, researchers have had to rely on data collected in their own lab. In this paper, we remedy this issue by presenting Wordbank, a structured database of CDI data combined with a browsable web interface. Wordbank archives CDI data across languages and labs, providing a resource for researchers interested in early language, as well as a platform for novel analyses. The site allows interactive exploration of patterns of vocabulary growth at the level of both individual children and particular words. We also introduce wordbankr, a software package for connecting to the database directly. Together, these tools extend the abilities of students and researchers to explore quantitative trends in vocabulary development.

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DE HOUWER, ANNICK, MARC H. BORNSTEIN, and DIANE L. PUTNICK. "A bilingual–monolingual comparison of young children's vocabulary size: Evidence from comprehension and production." Applied Psycholinguistics 35, no. 6 (January 28, 2013): 1189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000744.

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ABSTRACTIt is often assumed that young bilinguals are lexically delayed in comparison to monolinguals. A comprehensive comparison of comprehension and production vocabulary in 31 firstborn bilingual and 30 matched monolingual children fails to find empirical foundation for this assumption. Several raters completed Dutch and French adaptations of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories for children aged 13 and 20 months. At 13 months, bilinguals understood more words than did monolinguals; at 20 months, monolinguals knew more Dutch words than did bilinguals (combining comprehension and production). There were no group differences for word production or for Dutch word comprehension. Both groups understood and produced the same number of lexicalized meanings; ratios of word comprehension to word production did not differ; interindividual variation was similar. This study underscores the importance of conducting bilingual–monolingual comparisons with matched groups and suggests that if individual bilingual children appear to be slow in early vocabulary development, reasons other than their bilingualism should be investigated.

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Andjelkovic, Darinka, Nada Seva, Maja Savic, and Slavica Tutnjevic. "Empirically based solutions for the Serbian adaptation of a parent report inventory used in the assessment of child language development." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 49, no. 2 (2017): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1702147a.

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The study is aimed at providing empirical basis for the adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates? Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) for Serbian language, a parent report instrument for the language development assessment. Two sources of data were used in order to provide the basis for selection of items and evaluation of their linguistic, cultural and developmental validity: a. Serbian Corpus of Early Child Language (SCECL), and b. focus groups with experts and parents/caregivers. Exploration of the frequency of words/forms in Serbian child language and the qualitative analysis of focus groups discussions provided criteria for selection/adjustment of items in the course of inventory adaptation. The results also revealed that parents are naturally more focused on semantic and communicational aspects of utterances, and insufficiently aware of formal properties of their children?s production. The paper presents significant changes and modifications of the instrument in the course of its adaptation for Serbian, which is a step closer to the final aim - providing a standardized instrument for the assessment of language development in Serbian.

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Marchman, Virginia A., and Elizabeth Bates. "Continuity in lexical and morphological development: a test of the critical mass hypothesis." Journal of Child Language 21, no. 2 (June 1994): 339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009302.

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ABSTRACTSeveral recent studies have demonstrated strong relationships between lexical acquisition and subsequent developments within the domain of morphosyntax. A connectionist model of the acquisition of a morphological System analogous to that of the English past tense (Plunkett & Marchman, 1993) suggests that growth in vocabulary size may relate to the onset of over-regularization errors. However, this model suggests that the relationships between vocabulary size and morphosyntactic development are non-linear. Incremental increases in the number of verbs to be learned result in qualitative shifts in the treatment of both previously learned and novel forms, but only after the size of the lexicon exceeds a particular level (i.e. reaches a ‘critical mass’). In this paper we present parental report data from an extensive study of English-speaking children aged 1;4 to 2;6 using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Toddler form (N = 1130). These data corroborate several findings from previous studies, including the early usage of unmarked verb stems and the correct production of irregular past tense forms. Further, we demonstrate support for the ‘critical mass’ view of the onset of over-regularization errors, focusing on continuity among lexical and morphological developments. In our view, these data suggest that these linguistic milestones may be paced by similar, if not identical mechanisms.

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Serrat-Sellabona, Elisabet, Eva Aguilar-Mediavilla, Mònica Sanz-Torrent, Llorenç Andreu, Anna Amadó, and Miquel Serra. "Sociodemographic and Pre-Linguistic Factors in Early Vocabulary Acquisition." Children 8, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030206.

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Here, we studied the beginnings of language development, jointly assessing two groups of precursors, sociodemographic and pre-linguistic, that have previously been studied separately. Thus, the general objective of this study was to explore which factors best explained the acquisition of initial expressive vocabulary. The sample consisted of 504 participants from Catalan-speaking homes with ages ranging between 10 and 18 months. The data were obtained through the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MCB-CDIs). Vocabulary development shows a lexical spurt at 17 months. Regression analyses show that pre-linguistic factors have more explanatory power of than sociodemographic ones. Within the sociodemographic variables, age, birth order and birth weight explain part of the vocabulary variance. With respect to pre-linguistic variables, imitation, late gestures and phrase comprehension are predictors of the initial vocabulary acquisition. Specifically, imitation and late gestures were the pre-linguistic behaviours that made it possible to distinguish between children with higher and lower levels of vocabulary. We discussed these findings in relation to their relevance for language acquisition and for the early assessment of linguistic competence.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. Toddler'

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