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Journal articles on the topic 'MacConkey agar'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Najum, Ali Anok, Jameela Radi Esmaeel, and Balsam Miri Mizher. "Isolation EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli from gall bladder of buffaloes and determine its sensitivity for antibiotics." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 5, no. 2 (2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2014/v5i24204.

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) has been associated with hemorrhagic colitis, a severe form of diarrhea, and with hemolytic uremic syndrome, This study was preformed to find EHEC in gall bladder of buffaloes , (150 gall bladder) samples were collected from slaughter house and cultured on MacConky agar then identified by culture on CefiximTellurite Sorbitol-MacConkey, agar then tested with several types of antibiotics and serotyping of isolates to determine EHEC, in addition to conjucation methods were preformed .Results showed that 13 isolates of E.coli were obtained and 6 strainS were grown on CefiximTellurite Sorbitol-MacConkey agar and positive for specific antisera of (EHEC O157:H7), and all strains were only sensitive for nitrofurane, When conjucation done all recipent cell were resistant for antibiotics: (ampicillin,streptomycin,sulfonamide,trimthoprine,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,gentamycin and amikacin).

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Pendola, F., and J. Palis. "MacConkey-II lactose agar for screening recombinant plasmids." Trends in Genetics 9, no. 1 (1993): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(93)90053-k.

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Nahar, S. Gul, M. Bulbul Hasan, Mst Rokeya Khatun, M. Nawshad Ali, and DK Mohanta. "Chromogenic Agar Medium : A Versatile Tool for the Diagnosis of UTI." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 25 (November 28, 2018): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v25i0.37561.

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Objective: The present study was done on Chromogenic agar media to identify uropathogens more efficiently by its characteristic colony colour for each of the organism.Methodology: A total 300 sample were collected from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Urine samples of the suspected UTI cases, showing pus cells >5/HPF on microscopic examination were included for urine culture simultaneously onto Chromogenic agar media, Blood agar and MacConkey agar media.Results: Culture yielded 139 (46.33%) bacterial growth among them, 133 (44.33%) showed single organism and remaining 06 (2.00%) showed mixed growth of two organisms in different combinations. It is evident from the present study that both Chromogenic agar media and Blood agar (BA) media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MacConkey (MAC) agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on Chromogenic agar media when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. Out of 91 E. coli isolated, 88(96.70%) could be identified differentially on Chromogenic agar media in contrast to 85(93.40%) on MacConkey agar and only 06(06.59%) on Blood agar. Again, all 06 (100%) of the isolate-pairs of mixed growth were identified distinctly on Chromogenic agar media, whereas both Blood agar and MacConkey agar media could revealed only 01(16.66%) of the polymicrobial growth.Conclusion: Chromogenic agar media has been documented for its very high yielding rate, rapid presumptive identification of both single and polymicrobial growths with greater precision and avoidance of biochemical tests for further identification of uropathogens. Thus it can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.TAJ 2012; 25: 64-71

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Nahar, S. Gul, M. Bulbul Hasan, Mst Rokeya Khatun, and M. Nawshad Ali. "Comparative Study of Hicrome Agar Medium with Conventional Culture System for the Isolation of Uropathogens." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 24, no. 2 (2018): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v24i2.37542.

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Objective: The present study was done to compare the performance of chromogenic agar medium and conventional culture media for the isolation and presumptive identification of uropathogen.Methodology: A total 300 sample were collected from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during January to June, 2008. Urine samples of the suspected UTI cases, showing pus cells >5/HPF on microscopic examination were included for urine culture simultaneously onto 2 conventional media (Blood agar and MacConkey agar) and chromogenic agar medium (HiCrome UTI agar medium). Results: Culture yielded 139 (46.33%) bacterial growth among them, 133 (44.33%) showed single organism and remaining 06 (2.00%) showed mixed growth of two organisms in different combinations. It is evident from the present study that both HiCrome UTI agar and Blood agar (BA) media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MacConkey (MAC) agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on HiCrome UTI agar when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. Out of 91 E. coli isolated, 88(96.70%) could be identified differentially on HiCrome UTI agar medium in contrast to 85(93.40%) on MacConkey agar and only 06(06.59%) on Blood agar. Again, all 06 (100%) of the isolate-pairs of mixed growth were identified distinctly on HiCrome UTI agar, whereas both Blood agar and MacConkey agar media could revealed only 01(16.66%) of the polymicrobial growth.Conclusion: HiCrome UTI agar medium has been documented for its very high yielding rate, rapid presumptive identification of both single and polymicrobial growths with greater precision and avoidance of biochemical tests for further identification of uropathogens. Thus it can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 128-135

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Yafetto, Levi, Emelia Hornam Adator, Abena Ahema Ebuako, Ephraim Ekloh, and Francis Yao Afeti. "Microbial Quality of Raw Beef and Chevon From Selected Markets in Cape Coast, Ghana." Journal of Biology and Life Science 10, no. 1 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v10i1.14022.

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This study assessed microbial quality of raw beef and chevon (goat meat) from selected meat retail shops in Abura, Kotokuraba and Science markets in Cape Coast, Ghana. Stock solutions from beef and chevon were analyzed on nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, and potato dextrose agar media using microbiological procedures. Results revealed that beef from Kotokuraba market was the most contaminated with mean highest bacterial counts of 1.15x108 and 9.40x107 cfu/ml in nutrient agar and MacConkey agar media, respectively. The results further showed that chevon from Science market was the most contaminated with mean highest bacterial counts of 1.67x108 and 7.10x107 cfu/ml in nutrient agar and MacConkey agar media, respectively. Mean fungal counts in PDA medium was the least recorded for both beef and chevon from all the three markets. Comparative analyses of results suggest that chevon was more contaminated than beef from Abura market, whereas beef was more contaminated than chevon from Kotokuraba market. However, from Science market, except in MacConkey agar medium, where beef was more contaminated than chevon, chevon was more contaminated than beef in nutrient agar and PDA media. Bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Nocardia spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhodotorula were isolated. We conclude that raw beef and chevon sold in markets in Cape Coast are contaminated by pathogenic and toxigenic microbes that may affect meat quality and consequently pose public health concerns to consumers.

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Grasso, G. M., M. M. D'errico, F. Schioppa, F. Romano, and D. Montanaro. "Use of colistin and sorbitol for better isolation ofSerratia marcescensin clinical samples." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 2 (1988): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054248.

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SUMMARYA comparison was made of different culture media and procedures for detection ofSerratia marcescensfrom faecal, pharyngeal and ocular swabs collected from 213 neonates. MacConkey agar and MacConkey agar with sorbitol (1%) and/or colistin (200 i.u./ml) were used both for primary isolation and after enrichment using Mossel Enterobacteriaceae broth with colistin (200 i.u./ml). The use of MacConkey agar supplemented with colistin for primary isolation improved considerably the isolation rate ofS. marcescensfrom faecal swabs but not from pharyngeal swabs; the number of ocular isolations were insufficient to demonstrate differences between procedures. Moreover the enrichment procedures consistently increased the number ofS. marcescensisolates especially from pharyngeal and ocular swabs. Use of sorbitol made detection ofS'. marcescensfrom clinical specimens easier and time– and cost–efficient.

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ASGHARFARHOUDIMOGHADDAM, A. "COMPARISON OF TEKNAF ENTERIC AGAR AND MACCONKEY/SALMONELLA-SHIGELLA AGAR IN EVALUATION OF SHIGELLA INFECTION." Lancet 331, no. 8595 (1988): 1165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91979-4.

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Lau, S. K. P., P. C. Y. Woo, W. t. Hui, et al. "Use of Cefoperazone MacConkey Agar for Selective Isolation of Laribacter hongkongensis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, no. 10 (2003): 4839–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.41.10.4839-4841.2003.

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Yamaguchi, Yuyu, Torahiko Okubo, Mizue Matsushita, et al. "Analysis of adult damselfly fecal material aids in the estimation of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales contamination of the local environment." PeerJ 6 (October 16, 2018): e5755. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5755.

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Because damselflies are ubiquitously but focally present in natural environments and play a critical role as predators of other insect species, the fecal matter of damselflies may be useful for investigating antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations, including human pathogens, in local environments. We therefore examined the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Enterobacterales, in fecal material from 383 damselflies (adults and larvae) collected from seven locations around Sapporo City, Japan, in 2016 and 2017. Fecal samples were plated on soybean casein digest (SCD) agar plates with and without antibiotics (SCD-A and SCD-w/o, respectively) to identify environmental bacteria and gut bacteria, respectively, and on MacConkey agar plates with antibiotics (MacConkey-A) to select for Gram-negative bacteria, including human pathogenic Enterobacterales species. The prevalence of colonies on each of the plates was compared, and representative colonies on MacConkey-A plates were identified to the species level using an API 20E kit and the MALDI Biotyper system. Overall, SCD-w/o plates showed a gut bacterial load of approximately 108 colony-forming units per adult damselfly or larva. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of colonies on the SCD-A and MacConkey-A plates, and a significantly increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on MacConkey-A plates was observed in samples collected from Shinoroshinkawa. Cluster analysis based on minimum inhibitory concentration values of 59 representative isolates from MacConkey-A agar plates revealed that samples from Shinoroshinkawa contained a higher prevalence of Enterobacterales than those from other sampling locations. Thus, fecal materials discharged by adult damselflies could be used in future studies as a simple tool for estimating antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Enterobacterales species, in the local environment.

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Simor, Andrew E., Christine Watt, and Donald E. Low. "The Isolation Rate ofEscherichia coli0157:H7 in Toronto and Surrounding Communities." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1, no. 1 (1990): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/583209.

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Verocytotoxin-producing strains ofEscherichia coli,most often serotype 0157:H7, have been associated with both sporadic and epidemic diarrheal disease in Canada. In order to determine the isolation rate ofE coli0157:H7 in outpatients with diarrhea, all stool specimens submitted for culture to Med-Chem Laboratories in Metropolitan Toronto between June 1988 and September 1989 were cultured on MacConkey-Sorbitol agar in addition to standard enteric media. A total of 46 (0.3%) of 16,125 stool specimens yieldedE coli0157:H7 or verotoxin-producingE coli0157:H−. These isolates came from 31 patients with diarrhea; only 16 (52%) had a history of hemorrhagic colitis and one patient developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. Although MacConkey-Sorbitol agar was useful as a differential medium for detectingE coli0157:H7, 14.5% of all specimens yielded nonsorbitol-fermenting isolates. It is not certain whether the routine use of MacConkey-Sorbitol agar is justified when isolation rates ofE coli0157:117 are very low.

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Jobin, T., P. Harikrishna, B. Sreenath, L. Gian, L. Goncalo, and J. Siju. "Identification of an unusual Streptococcus agalactiae growing on MacConkey Agar and its confirmation by biochemical tests, qPCR and nanopore sequencing." Journal of Veterinary and animal sciences 55, no. 4 (2024): 675–79. https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2024.55.4.675-679.

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Streptococcus agalactiae belongs to Group B Streptococcus (GBS), an important Gram-positive pathogen attributed to mastitis and elevated somatic cell counts (SCC) in dairy cows, which invariably exhibits complete β-haemolysis on blood agar (BA) / Polymixin Nalidixic acid Blood Agar (PNBA) and fails to grow on MacConkey agar (MCA). The present study conducted in the Advanced Agricultural Laboratories under the Almarai company, Riyadh, KSA, reports the isolation, identification and characterization of β-haemolytic Strepotococcus agalactiae which exhibited lactose fermenting colonies on MCA. Though the colony characteristics on BA/ PNBA were suggestive of Streptococcus, the observation of pink colored colonies on MCA was deemed unusual and was subjected to further confirmatory tests viz., Gram’s staining, Lancefield grouping, catalase, oxidase and CAMP tests. Further, real-time PCR and Oxford nanopore sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were performed for molecular characterization. The findings of the study would add to the existing knowledge on cultural characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae for its presumptive identification. Keywords: Streptococcus agalactiae, MacConkey agar, nanopore sequencing

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Asna, Shah Md Zahurul Haque, Mousumi Karmaker, and Una Jessica Sarker. "Brain Heart Infusion Agar : A Surrogate of Agar Blood." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 12, no. 1 (2018): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v12i1.51688.

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Blood agar is needed for culture of various organisms. As sheep blood is needed for it’s preparation, many small laboratories specially those of rural areas can not prepare it due to difficulty in collection of sheep blood. So, either they do not do the culture or do it without blood agar which cause missing of some important organisms. In this study Brain heart infusion agar was used together with Blood agar to assess it’s efficacy as an alternative of Blood agar. In total 1256 various samples were cultured, on Blood agar , Brain heart Infusion agar and MacConkey agar. Out of 1256 samples 404 samples showed growth of various organisms. It was noted that all bacteria including Enterococcus sp. grew equally in blood agar and BHIA. Brain heart infusion agar can be used as a surrogate of blood agar. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2018; 12 (1): 24-26

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Jenkins, Claire, Neil T. Perry, Gauri Godbole, and Saheer Gharbia. "Evaluation of chromogenic selective agar (CHROMagar STEC) for the direct detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from faecal specimens." Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no. 3 (2020): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001136.

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic pathogens that cause symptoms of severe gastrointestinal disease, including haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), in humans. Currently in England, STEC serotypes other than O157:H7 are not cultured at the local hospital laboratories. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of CHROMagar STEC for the direct detection of STEC from faecal specimens in a diagnostic setting, compared to the current reference laboratory method using PCR targeting the Shiga-toxin gene (stx) to test multiple colonies cultured on MacConkey agar. Of the 292 consecutive faecal specimens submitted to the Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit that tested positive for stx by PCR, STEC could not be cultured on MacConkey agar or CHROMagar STEC from 87/292 (29.8 %). Of the 205 that were cultured, 106 (51.7 %) were detected on both MacConkey agar and CHROMagar STEC and 99 (48.3 %) were detected on MacConkey agar only. All 106 (100 %) isolates that grew on CHROMagar STEC had the ter gene cassette, known to be associated with resistance to tellurite, compared to 13/99 (13.1 %) that were not detected on CHROMagar STEC. CHROMagar STEC supported the growth of 36/40 (90 %) isolates harbouring stx2a or stx2d, the subtypes most frequently associated with progression to HUS. Of the 92 isolates harbouring eae, an important STEC virulence marker, 77 (83.7 %) grew on CHROMagar STEC. CHROMagar STEC is a useful selective media for the rapid, near-patient detection of STEC that have the potential to cause HUS.

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Turkey Al-Saadi, Ali Jamal, and Sahar Mahdi Hayyawi Al-Rubay. "Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei (CNCM1-1572) Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolated from Sheep." Sumer 3 8, CSS 3 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.10.

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This study was based on the importance of the effect of L. paracasei against E.coli O157:H7 that was isolated from sheep suffering from diarrhea in many areas of Baghdad (Abu-Ghraib, AL-Mahmoudia and AL-Yosifiya). All samples were cultivated on MacConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue and Sorbitol MacConkey agar for E. coli isolation and then identified by biochemical tests. Out of 101 diarrhea samples, 100 isolates gave positive E. coli results. The isolates of L. paracasei were taken and cultured on conditions at 37ºC for 24 hours in Man Rogosa Sharpe broth and incubated under CO2 (5-10%) for 24 hours, then recultured on MRS agar, examined by gram stain and then confirmed diagnosis by Vitek2. Lactobacillus paracasei was examined against E. coli O157:H7 by well diffusion method and measured the diameters of the inhibition zone around colonies. Mice (white Balb) were used as laboratory animal models to investigate the effect and efficacy of L. paracasei in treating diarrhea caused by E. coli O157; 50 mice were divided into five groups. The histopathological examination of the intestine noticed changes during infection with E.coli O157:H7 treated with probiotics. Keywords: Vitek2; Laboratory technique; MacConkey agar; Histopathology; Iraq.

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Seo, Kwang-Won. "Development of a Method for the Fast Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dogs and Cats in the USA". Animals 13, № 4 (2023): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040649.

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Antibiotic resistance, such as resistance to beta-lactams and the development of resistance mechanisms, is associated with multifactorial phenomena and not only with the use of third-generation cephalosporins. Many methods have been recommended for the detection of ESBL and pAmpC β-lactamase production but they are very subjective and the appropriate facilities are not available in most laboratories, especially not in clinics. Therefore, for fast clinical antimicrobial selection, we need to rapidly detect ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria using a simple method with samples containing large amounts of bacteria. For the detection of ESBL- and pAmpC phenotypes and genes, the disk diffusion test, DDST and multiplex PCR were conducted. Of the 109 samples, 99 (90.8%) samples were grown in MacConkey broth containing cephalothin, and 71 samples were grown on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur. Of the 71 samples grown on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur, 58 Escherichia coli and 19 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, in particular, harbored β-lactamase genes. Of the 38 samples that did not grow in MacConkey broth containing cephalothin or on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur, 32 isolates were identified as E. coli, and 10 isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae; β-lactamase genes were not detected in these E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. Of the 78 ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, 55 (70.5%) isolates carried one or more ESBL genes and 56 (71.8%) isolates carried one or more pAmpC β-lactamase genes. Our method is a fast, and low-cost tool for the screening of frequently encountered ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria and it would assist in diagnosis and improve therapeutic treatment in animal hospitals.

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Supriatin, Y., V. A. Sumirat, and M. Herdiani. "Growth Analysis of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi on MacConkey Agar Modification." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1764, no. 1 (2021): 012207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1764/1/012207.

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KANEUCHI, Choji, Kazuo ITOH, Ryo HARASAWA, and Manabu OGATA. "Differentiation of thermophilic Campylobacter by colony characteristics on macconkey agar base (difco)." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 50, no. 5 (1988): 1112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.50.1112.

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Satchell, Felicia B., Verneal R. Bruce, Wallace H. Andrews, et al. "Effects of Incubation Atmosphere, Novobiocin, and Modified Plating Media on the Efficiency of a DNA Probe for Recovering Shigella flexneri." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 5 (1994): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.5.1157.

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Abstract An oligonucleotide probe specific for the invasion plasmid of Shigella spp. was used to study the effect of several culture method variables described in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual for retention of the plasmid in Shigella flexneri. Results of colony hybridization analyses showed that, in many instances, a slightly greater number of Shigella were detected by the DNA probe on MacConkey agar than on trypticase soy agar. Elevating the incubation temperature from 35° to 42°C slightly reduced the number of Shigella detectable by the probe. However, neither aerobic nor anaerobic incubation atmosphere or the inclusion of novobiocin in the media showed any consistent effect on the recovery of S. flexneri by the probe. Moreover, the detection efficiency of the probe was not generally affected by the different MacConkey agar formulations tested.

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Mahmood Atiyea, Qanat, Ranaa wadullah younus, Halah S .Abdulkareem, and Arshad Mahdi Hamad. "Efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Bifidobacterium bifidum Extraction on anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with diarrhea." Bionatura 7, no. 4 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2022.07.04.57.

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Infectious acute diarrhea may be prevented with probiotics; because they make up the majority of the colonic flora in breastfed newborns and are likely to contribute to the lower incidence of diarrhea in this population, Bifidobacteria are particularly appealing as probiotics agents. The present study was designed to identify anaerobic bacteria, especially C. difficile the main reason for dysentery associated with antibiotics. Detect the ability of each ZnoNPs and B. bifidum to inhibit bacterial growth. During the period from March to October 2019, (100) children and adults who came to Salah al-deen hospital in Tikrit city participated in the study under the supervision of a physician. All samples were transported using a carry Blair if late one or two hours after collection and culturing. The collected models were also cultured on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar, Salmonella Shigella agar, Eosin methylene blue agar, and MacConkey agar. For initiated diagnoses of the Enterobacteriaceae, Blood agar is used to detect beta-hemolytic isolates, recover enteric bacteria other than Enterobacteriaceae, and evaluate the results of oxidase tests. To diagnose bacterium kinds, biochemical reactions and motility tests were used. Impact of ZnoNPs, and B. bifidum antibiotic In vitro. The results of 100 dysentery feces samples were obtained into (60%) samples for males and (40%) for females. Eighty-two positively impacted anaerobically on growth media like Clostridium complicate agar and MacConkey agar (18%) other than bacteria. In contrast, negative samples revealed 10 (55.56 percent) samples for males and 8 (44.44 percent) samples for females. The same stool samples were taken and cultured on Clostridium difficile agar and MacConkey agar under anaerobic and ideal incubation conditions. 15% and 67% of isolates appeared on MacConkey agar of the total number of samples, while 18% showed negative growth. Finally, Zn NPs showed their ability to inhibit Clostridium complicated segregate lean on the condensation 5 mg/ml, and it caused the inhibitory effect on Clostridium to complicate by 10-22 of the diameter of inhibition. The Inhibition Zone Dimeter ranged from 8 to 25 mm for isolates when condensation was utilized at 2.5 mg/ml. According to the findings, the widths of the inhibitory zones for isolates of C. difficile containing B. bifidum supernatant mg/ml ranged from 9 to 24 mm. Keywords: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Probiotic, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Clostridium difficile

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Hammack, Thomas S., Peter Feng, R. Miguel Amaguaña, Geraldine June, Patricia S. Sherrod, and Wallace H. Andrews. "Comparison of Sorbitol MacConkey and Hemorrhagic Coli Agars for Recovery of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 from Brie, Ice Cream, and Whole Milk." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 2 (1997): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.2.335.

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Abstract The relative efficacies of hemorrhagic coli (HC) agar and several formulations of sorbitol Mac-Conkey (SorMac) agar, with and without 0.1 % (w/v) 4-methyllumbelliferyl-ß-D-glucuronide (MUG), in recovering unstressed and heat-stressed Escherichia coli 0157:H7 from Brie cheese, ice cream, and whole milk were determined. Recovery of unstressed E. coli 0157:H7 was determined quantitatively by spread-plating diluted samples onto different agars and performing plate counts. Recovery of stressed E. coli 0157:H7 was determined qualitatively by enriching samples in modified trypticase soy broth, streaking the incubated enrichments, and isolating E. coli 0157:H7 colonies from the agars. HC agar and the SorMac agar formulations did not differ significantly in their ability to recover unstressed E. coli 0157:H7 from ice cream and whole milk; however, HC agar recovered significantly more unstressed E. coli 0157:H7 from Brie cheese than did the SorMac agar formulations. Bacteriological Analytical Manual and Oxoid SorMac agar formulations made from individual ingredients, did not differ significantly in recovering unstressed E. coli 0157:H7 from Brie cheese. The efficiency of the commercially available Oxoid SorMac agar could not be determined because of overgrowth by indigenous microflora. HC and SorMac agars did not differ significantly in recovering stressed E. coli 0157:H7 from Brie cheese, ice cream, and whole milk. MUG had no apparent effect on recovery of either stressed or unstressed E. coli 0157:H7 from the dairy foods examined.

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Das Gupta, Mukta, Mishuk Shaha, Tahia Ahmed Logno, Keya Ghosh, and Ashutosh Das. "First molecular evidence and antibiotic resistance profile of emerging enteropathogen Escherichia albertii from faeces of pet dogs from Chattogram, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 11, no. 1 (2024): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.60015/bjvas.v11i1.199.

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Escherichia albertii (E. albertii) is an emergent enteropathogen genetically identical to Escherichia coli (E. coli), often confused as E. coli phenotypically during routine diagnostic procedures. This pathogen possesses cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) responsible for the invasion and persistent colonization of this bacterium in the gut leading to enteric infections in humans and other animals. The present study attempted to explore the occurrence and antibiotic resistance profile of E. albertii derived from faeces of pet dogs and cats in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Faecal samples were collected aseptically from pet dogs (n=31) and cats (n=23) using sterile cotton swabs and stored in sterile buffered peptone water. After overnight enrichment in buffered peptone water, a loopful of the enriched broth was inoculated onto a selective media (XR-MacConkey) to isolate E. albertii.XR-MacConkey agar was prepared by supplementing MacConkey agar with D (+) Xylose and L (+) Rhamnose monohydrate. Inoculated samples on XR-MacConkey agar were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The visible white colonies were finally verified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by amplifying the gene fragments of E. albertii specific cytolethal distending toxin (Eacdt).E. albertii isolates were then tested for antimicrobial resistance against 12 selected antimicrobials by disk diffusion method. Two E. albertii isolates were positively identified in dog samples, while none of the cat samples were positive for E. albertii. Both E. albertii isolates from dogs showed multidrug resistance (MDR). The present study suggests that pet dogs may harbour E. albertii, which mightbe transmitted to humans in study areas.

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Kelly, M. T., E. M. Stroh, and J. Jessop. "Comparison of blood agar, ampicillin blood agar, MacConkey-ampicillin-Tween agar, and modified cefsulodin-Irgasan-novobiocin agar for isolation of Aeromonas spp. from stool specimens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26, no. 9 (1988): 1738–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.26.9.1738-1740.1988.

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S. Agudelo-Yepes, J. Puerta-Suárez, D.F. Carrillo-Gonzalez, and Walter D. Cardona Maya. "Bacteriospermia assessment and its relationship with conventional seminal parameters in stud dogs ejaculates (Canis familiaris)." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 4 (2023): 4785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.27558.

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The objective of this work was to determine the frequency of bacteriospermia and its effect on the seminal quality in canines. Dogs were divided into two groups according to weight: small dogs between 1 and 10 kg (Group 1) and dogs with more than 10 kg (Group 2). The foreskin was disinfected in each animal (n=15), and the semen sample was collected by the gloved hand method. Sperm motility, morphology, viability, and concentration were evaluated using a 40x microscope. A 10µL of semen drop was cultured by diffusion method on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Colony-forming units (CFU) were quantitatively evaluated, and biochemical identification was carried out after 48 hours at 37°C. Conventional PCR was performed on the semen samples to evaluate the presence/absence of 11 bacteria. Bacterial growth was found in all samples. The CFU/mL in blood agar were 34042.8 for group 1 and 107714.3 for group 2, while on MacConkey agar were 142.9 CFU/mL, and 21328.6 CFU/mL, respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequent bacteria isolated by conventional culture (64.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the most common bacteria found by conventional PCR. Between both groups, only a statistically significant difference was found in normal sperm morphology. A negative correlation was observed between viability and morphology with CFU on MacConkey agar. One dog was ruled out because he had azoospermia. Canine seminal bacteriospermia is quite frequent and could alter its quality. The presence of Gram-negative bacteria is associated with greater alteration in the semen analysis.

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Hinenoya, Atsushi, Keigo Nagano, Kentaro Okuno, et al. "Development of XRM-MacConkey agar selective medium for the isolation of Escherichia albertii." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 97, no. 1 (2020): 115006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115006.

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Altwegg, Martin, Jacqueline Buser, and Alexander von Graevenitz. "Stool cultures for Shigella spp: Improved specificity by using MacConkey agar with xylose." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 24, no. 3 (1996): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-8893(96)00021-1.

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Biswas, S. K., and R. S. Kelkar. "Early Detection of ESBL Producers from Clinical Samples Using Macconkey Agar with Ceftazidime." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.280.

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Annor, Samuel D., Karla S. Salazar, Suresh D. Pillai, Chris R. Kerth, Jason J. Gill, and Thomas M. Taylor. "Melibiose–X-Gal–MacConkey Agar for Presumptive Differentiation of Escherichia albertii from E. coli and Salmonella from Poultry Meat." Applied Microbiology 3, no. 1 (2023): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3010010.

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The bacterial foodborne enteropathogen Escherichia albertii, despite enjoying increased attention paid to its pathogenesis, global dissemination, and antimicrobial resistance capacity, remains difficult to identify from human foods. The primary objective of this study was to develop and test a selective and differential plating medium for the isolation of E. albertii from enteric pathogens commonly transmitted via fresh poultry meat, namely E. coli and Salmonella enterica. MacConkey agar supplemented with α-D-+-melibiose and the lactose analogue X-gal was prepared and used to differentially enumerate E. albertii, Salmonella, and E. coli from inoculated ground chicken meat. The medium, MXgMac agar, differentiated the inoculated pathogens with a greater degree of efficiency than did the previously developed E. albertii-selective medium xylose–rhamnose–melibiose (XRM) MacConkey agar, based on differential usage of the lactose analogue and melibiose. Chicken-derived feces and litter samples were subsequently tested using the medium and found not to contain E. albertii by 16S rRNA gene amplification. MXgMac agar facilitates improved differential recovery of E. albertii and other enteric pathogens from poultry meat versus other E. albertii selective/differential media.

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Siddiqi, Shoaib Ahmad, Hina Qaiser, Rabia Iqbal, et al. "Isolation and Characterization of Escherichia coli from Tannery Wastewater with Special Reference to Chromium." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 1, no. 04 (2017): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2017.0104134.

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ABSTRACT: With the progress of industries, environmental pollution with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world. Technologies related to microbes may provide an alternative or addition to predictable method for the removal of these heavy metals. The present investigation deals with isolation anddescription of chromium resistant bacteria from tannery wastewater taken from industrial area of Lahore, Pakistan. Firstly the leather industry effluent was examined for the total bacterial count and the presence of lactose fermenter and non lactose fermenter species on nutrient agar and MacConkey agar. Nutrient agar showed different colonies which were than identified by gram staining and colonies on MacConkey agar were identified by their colors as pink colonies show lactose fermenting species and off white or transparent colonies show presence of non lactose fermenting species. Potential heavy metal tolerant Escherichia coli was isolated by using Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar medium supplemented with salts of chromium. The examination of morphological features of the obtained colonies authentically identified the isolate as Escherichia coli. The identified isolate was then exposed to different concentrations of chromium chloride to conclude the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) which was found out to be 160mg/mL.

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Aseel Hussein Jaber and Suaad A. Fazaa Almiyah. "Antibiotic susceptibility of Proteus Mirabillis that isolates of Diabetic foot ulcers in Al- Diwaniyah Hospital." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science 27, no. 1 (2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2022.27.1.1528.

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The current study have been included 250 samples diabetic foot ulcer patients attending in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and private clinics at a period of study from beginning October 2021 to February 2022, Isolates were identified by morphological form on blood agar and macConkey agar, traditional biochemical tests and then confirmed by Vitek 2 system.

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Štrumbelj, I., Z. Horvat Šardi, M. Maucec Ivanic та D. Sabotin. "R2221 Comparison of MacConkey agar with ceftazidime and CAURI agar for isolation of strains with extended-spectrum β-lactamases". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 29 (березень 2007): S643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(07)72060-5.

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binti Mustafa, Nur Amalina, Muhammad Ashraf bin Redzuan, Muhamad Hazim bin Zuraimi, et al. "Evaluation of Microbial Load from Canned Soya Milk Drinks in Malaysia." Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2016): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2016.v02i01.04.

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Objective: Owing to the habit of consuming ready food among the citizens of Malaysia a study was conducted to evaluate 20 samples of canned soya milk for the presence of possible microbial content. The samples were collected randomly from shopping malls, restaurants and kiosk in Ipoh Malaysia. Methods: All samples collected across Ipoh, were subjected to test for presence bacteria in nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey media. The possible microbial load was swapped from surface and soya milk content with a sterile cotton and streaked on nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey culture media. The streaked petri plates were incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. Results: The study revealed negative microbial growth in all except two samples from the surface and soya milk content collected from a restaurant in nutrient agar and blood agar medium. The presence of microbes was conformed as gram positive staphylococcus sp. through gram staining. The positive growth may be imputed to poor storage condition at the restaurant. Conclusion: It can be computed from the study that the majority of the samples were free from bacterial growth, suggesting strong in house quality control mechanism at the processing unit and exquisite storage conditions in malls and kiosk suggesting that soya milk available in malls and kiosk are fit for human consumption.

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Mahdi, Marwa M., Sarab Dalaf Khalaf, Youns R. Abdulaah, and Teba Anwar Ahmed. "Isolation and Diagnosis of Bacteria and Fungi from Some Areas of Tikrit and Some Villages." June-July 2024, no. 44 (June 4, 2024): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpdmhd.44.28.34.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the amount of air pollution caused by bacteria and fungi in specific areas of Tikrit, including the Al-Alam area, Al-Bu Ajil, Al-Buhyazaa, and the village of Al-Karaat. The study was conducted in November and January of 2021–2022, using petri dishes filled with nutrient agar (potato dextrose agar, or PDA) distributed throughout the study areas. The petri dish was left open for fifteen minutes before being closed and incubated with an incubator. After that, the dish was closed and the species was allowed to grow on the media, including isolates and differential media like Macconkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB). For microscopical diagnosis, gram stain was applied to the bacterial samples, and fungal stain Lactophenol was used for fungus isolates. The findings of the current study showed that the proportion of Penicillium sp colonies colonized agricultural areas was twice as high, particularly in the Albu-Ajil area, where the dish G2.1 had more than 96 colonies, which was twice or three times more than the rest of the petri dishes in the study area for remote areas. This is because the area had ideal growth conditions in terms of temperature, humidity, and other factorsThe analysis revealed that the majority of bacteria were negative, particularly those belonging to the genus Klebsiella sp. which showed that it could grow on a Macconkey agar dish in Tikrit, the village of Al-Karaat, and Al-Alam. This suggests that it can grow in a variety of environments. However, in the Albu Hayaza area, no bacterial growth was found on the Macconkey agar dish, which was designated with the symbol 3.1 H. This could be because the environmental conditions at the time were insufficient for bacterial growth.

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Mahdi, Marwa M., Sarab Dalaf Khalaf, Youns R. Abdulaah, and Teba Anwar Ahmed. "Isolation and Diagnosis of Bacteria and Fungi from Some Areas of Tikrit and Some Villages." June-July 2024, no. 44 (June 4, 2024): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpdmhd.44.18.34.

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ADEREMI, DASOLA MIRACLE. "Bacteriological Assessment of Air Sample in Poultry Environment." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 25, no. 4 (2025): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2025/v25i4919.

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Aims: This study aims to assess the bacterial load of air samples collected from Kwara State University poultry, Malete on the 24th of May 2022. Study Design: The study utilized a cross-sectional design to assess microbial contamination in a poultry environment. It exposed nutrient and MacConkey agar plates for one minute at different times (8 am, 2 pm, 4 pm) and distances (2ft, 4ft, 8ft). Total bacterial and coliform counts were measured, and isolates were identified through morphological and biochemical tests. Methodology: The plates of solidifying nutrient agar and MacConkey agar were exposed in a poultry environment for 1 minute. Total bacterial counts and total coliform counts were evaluated. The isolates were identified through morphological observation and biochemical characteristics. The total coliform counts (CFU/M3) / Distance (feet) range from 34 ± 14.1 – 5 ± 14.8 whereas; total bacterial counts (CFU/M3) / Distance (feet) range from 79 ± 8.4 – 39 ± 9.1 on nutrient agar and MacConkey agar respectively. Results: The result showed a total of five bacterial genera were isolated which include: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, Streptococcus species, Bacillus, and Escherichia coli. Since microorganisms found in the atmosphere are non-indigenous and usually introduced through human activities, the presence of these potential pathogens could constitute a health hazard not only to the workers but to the people around the poultry environment, thereby endangering the lives of community members through the spread of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Using the natural sedimentation technique, four genera of the organisms have been isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp, E. coli, Salmonella species, and Bacillus. These organisms can cause several infections to the workers as well as inhabitants of this environment. To develop the quality of the poultry air in these farms, a good ventilation system has to be designed and good hygiene practices must be observed by the workers.

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Klein, E. J., J. R. Stapp, M. A. Neill, et al. "Shiga Toxin Antigen Detection Should Not Replace Sorbitol MacConkey Agar Screening of Stool Specimens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42, no. 9 (2004): 4416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.42.9.4416-4417.2004.

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HF, Ajobiewe, Ajobiewe JO, Alau KK, et al. "Identification and Isolation of the Bacterial Content in Stored Pap (Ogi/Akamu) in Masaka Market Nasarawa State of Nigeria." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 10, no. 7 (2022): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2022.v10i07.004.

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The sole aim of this study was to determine, identify and isolate the bacterial content in stored Pap (Ogi/Akamu).This study was conducted in Masaka a conurbation of towns under Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. Sterilization of glass wares with a disinfectant before and after use. Sample collection, media preparation, inoculation, incubation, isolation of pure culture were all aseptically carried out: For further identification, each typical colony was further sub cultured on MacConkey agar, peptone water agar, triple sugar iron agar, relevant biochemicals and Gram staining done for final confirmation . Analysis of the stored pap (ogi) from the four sellers at Masaka market as cultured on the nutrient agar and MacConkey agar showed the different bacteria and their percentages of occurrence as follows; Escherichia coli (12%), Staphylococcus aureus (34%), Pseudomonas spp(12%), Klebsiella spp(8%), Shigella(6%), Providensia nisera(8%), Staphylococcus capitis(14%) and Salmonella spp(6%). These distributions were not significant at 95% confidence limits. (P>0.05). In conclusion the present study showed that the quality of pap sold at Masaka community was poor. This was proven by the high bacteria count. It is suggested that means of collection and preparation of pap and the effect of unsterile containers for storage to be critically examined and improved upon.

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Glasson, John, Rhys Hill, Michael Summerford, and Steven Giglio. "Evaluation of an Image Analysis Device (APAS) for Screening Urine Cultures." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 2 (2015): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02365-15.

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While advancements have been made in some areas of pathology with diagnostic materials being screened using image analysis technologies, the reporting of cultures from agar plates remains a manual process. We compared the results for 2,163 urine cultures read by a reference panel of microbiologists, by the routine laboratory process, and by an automated plate reading system, APAS (LBT Innovations Ltd., South Australia). APAS detected colonies with a sensitivity of 99.1% and a specificity of 99.3% on blood agar, while on MacConkey agar, the colony detection sensitivity was 99.4% with a specificity of 99.3%. The device's ability to enumerate growth had an accuracy of 89.2%, and the morphological identification of colonies showed a high level of performance for the colony types typical ofEscherichia coliand other enteric bacilli. On blood agar, lactose-fermenting colonies were morphologically identified with a sensitivity of 98.9%, while on MacConkey agar they were identified with a sensitivity of 99.2%. In this first clinical evaluation, APAS demonstrated high performance in the detection, enumeration, and colony classification of isolates compared with that for conventional plate-reading methods. The device found all cases reported by the laboratory and detected the most commonly encountered organisms found in urinary tract infections.

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Kleanthous, H., N. K. Fry, H. R. Smith, R. J. Gross, and B. Rowe. "The use of sorbitol-MacConkey agar in conjunction with a specific antiserum for the detection of Vero cytotoxin-producing strains ofEscherichia coliO 157." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 2 (1988): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054261.

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SUMMARYUsing DNA probes specific for the genes encoding Vero cytotoxins 1 and 2 in hybridization experiments on faecal samples. Vero cytotoxin-producingEscherichia coli(VTEC) of serogroup 0 157 were detected in 21 of 63 cases of haemorrhagic colitis, 9 of 31 cases of non-bloody diarrhoea and 14 of 68 cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Compared with these results sorbitol-MacConkey agar in conjunction with a specific 0 157 antiserum gave a sensitivity of 62% in haemorrhagic colitis, 56% in non-bloody diarrhoea and 57% in haemolytic uraemic syndrome.The specificity of this method was 100% in all three groups. This demonstrates that sorbitol-MacConkey agar is a useful screening method for the detection of VTEC of serogroup O 157 when used in conjunction with a specific homologous antiserum. However, this method does not detect VTEC belonging to other serogroups and such strains were found, particularly in cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome.

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Mao, Ying, Michael P. Doyle, and Jinru Chen. "Insertion Mutagenesis of wca Reduces Acid and Heat Tolerance of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coliO157:H7." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 12 (2001): 3811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.12.3811-3815.2001.

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ABSTRACT Strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 produce under stress copious amounts of exopolysaccharide (EPS) composed of colanic acid (CA). Studies were performed to evaluate the association of production of CA with survival of EHEC under adverse environmental conditions. A CA-deficient mutant, M4020, was obtained from a CA-proficient parental strain, E. coli O157:H7 W6-13, by inserting a kanamycin resistance gene cassette (kan) into wcaD and wcaE, 2 of the 21 genes required for CA biosynthesis. M4020 was defective in CA production as determined from the ratio of uronic acid to protein (UA/P) of cells grown from 1 to 4 days at 25°C on minimal glucose agar (MGA), MacConkey agar, and sorbitol-MacConkey agar, and by colony morphology on MGA. The results of stress treatment revealed that M4020 was substantially less tolerant to acid (pH 4.5 and 5.5) and heat (55 and 60°C) in comparison to W6-13, indicating that CA confers onE. coli O157:H7 a protective effect from the environmental stresses of acid and heat.

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Assyfa, Dini, Marlina Marlina, and Akmal Djamaan. "MSC Secretome's Antibacterial Activity on P. aeruginosa Isolated from Diabetic Ulcer Patient." JOPS (Journal Of Pharmacy and Science) 7, no. 2 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jops.v7i2.4717.

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The study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of adipose tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) secretome against P. aeruginosa bacteria isolated from diabetic ulcer patients. Bacteria were isolated from specimens obtained from diabetic ulcer patient and identified using MacConkey and Blood Agar media followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) molecular identification. Confirmed P. aeruginosa bacteria were used to evaluate the MSC secretome's antibacterial activity via the Kirby-Bauer method. Isolated bacteria grew on MacConkey media as gram-negative, non-lactose-fermenting bacteria, showing hemolytic capabilities on Blood Agar media. PCR identification yielded positive results for P. aeruginosa. In antibacterial activity testing against isolated bacteria, MSC secretome at concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% exhibited efficacy with average inhibitory zones measuring 8.17 mm, 8.23 mm, 8.52 mm, and 9.30 mm, respectively. The MSC secretome demonstrates antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa bacteria isolated from diabetic ulcer patients.

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Chaturvedi, Aarti, Ritu Garg, and Varsha A. Singh. "Comparative evaluation of different culture media for the isolation and identification of common urinary pathogens." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (2017): 3676. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173584.

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Background: Urinary tracts infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections encountered in hospital as well as community settings. There is continuous increase in incidence of this infection leading to more consumption of antimicrobial drugs. Urine cultures occupy most of the workload of routine microbiology laboratories in developing country like India. Accurate and rapid identification of pathogens is the primary responsibility of a clinical microbiology laboratory.Methods: Mid-stream urine and catheterized samples were collected. Cultures were plated on blood agar, MacConkey agar and cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient media and incubated overnight at 35°C-37°C in ambient air. Colonies on the MacConkey agar, CLED agar and blood agar were also identified. The final identification of the isolates was done using standard identification protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion test according to the CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 500 urine samples processed, 211 samples showed significant growth, 24 samples showed polymicrobial growth and 265 samples were reported sterile. Out of these 211, 199 showed pure growth and 12 showed mixed growths. Out of 199 pure growths, 126 were gram negative bacilli, 56 were gram positive cocci and 17 were yeast. All the gram-negative bacilli grown on all the media but most of the gram-positive cocci and yeast were unable to grow on Mac-Conkey agar and blood agar but grew successfully on CLED agar.Conclusions: So, in resource constrain laboratories, CLED agar can be used as media of choice for isolation of common uropathogens because it is user friendly, cost effective and decreases work load of the laboratories.

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Pao, Steven, Dhartika Patel, Aref Kalantari, Joseph P. Tritschler, Stephan Wildeus, and Brian L. Sayre. "Detection of Salmonella Strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feces of Small Ruminants and Their Isolation with Various Media." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 4 (2005): 2158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.4.2158-2161.2005.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were detected in 17 and 5 small ruminants in Virginia, respectively, of 287 tested. Background microflora interfered with the fecal analysis. The combination of Salmonella enzyme immunoassay (EIA) detection and xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar isolation was satisfactory. Modifying enrichment to a 1:100 dilution enabled effective E. coli O157:H7 detection by EIA and isolation by sorbitol-MacConkey agar with cefixime-tellurite.

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Kalpesh, Khutade*. "Validation of an Assessment of Chromogenic Media Against Conventional Culture Techniques for Isolation, Identification, and Direct Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Uropathogens in Resource-Poor Settings." International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IJPBS) 13, no. 4 (2023): 116–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10516488.

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AbstractThe study was planned to evaluate chromogenic media against conventional techniques in terms of correct identification, ease of reporting, and reduction in cost. This cross-sectional prospective analytical study was carried out from January 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023, at Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Palghar. Urine samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, blood agar, CLED agar, and chromogenic media simultaneously and incubated overnight. Imparting a distinct color to the isolated bacterial colony was visualized and identified by Hichrome UTI agar. Direct susceptibility testing by disc diffusion on clinical samples offers a rapid and inexpensive method of obtaining information to guide antimicrobial therapy. A total of 531 samples were culture-positive clinical isolates. Significant growth was obtained in 531 (100%) plates of HiCrome UTI, followed by CLED agar 521 (98.11%), Blood agar 511 (96.23%), and MacConkey agar 497 (93.59%). The sensitivity patterns of S. aureus to the following antibiotics: gentamicin, tetracycline, penicillin, and levofloxacin were 12 (85.71%), 11 (78.57%), 9 (64.28%), and 7 (7.00%), respectively. The sensitivity patterns of Pseudomonas spp. to the following antibiotics: piperacillin-tazobacta, amikacin, ceftazidime-avibactam, and gentamicin were 62 (87.32%), 43 (60.56%), 35 (49.29%), and 21 (29.57%). Enterococcus spp. was sensitive to Penicillin 79 (94.94%), Ampicillin 68 (80.95%), Vancomycin 57 (67.85%), and Tetracycline 46 (54.76%). Enterobacteriaceae showed high sensitivity to Meropenem (84.25%), Ceftazidime (67.68%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (55.80%), and Ampicillin-Sulbactam (41.44%). Concluded that the Hichrome agar medium can be a desirable, simple primary isolation and identification medium that significantly lessens the daily workload associated with urine culture in microbiology laboratories.KeywordsBacterial growth, CLED agar, Conventional culture system, Hi Chrome UTI agar, Urinary tract infection

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Ali, Arooj, Rabail Bashir, Konain Atta, Shabana Halepoto, Qurban Ali Khaskheli, and Irum Memon. "Isolation and Identification of Bacteria in Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection with Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern at PMC Hospital Nawabshah." Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences 17, no. 12 (2023): 338–42. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs020231712338.

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Objective: This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) and assess their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah, from January 2, 2023, to June 3, 2023. A total of 154 adult patients (18–60 years) with symptomatic bacteriuria were enrolled. Midstream urine samples were collected and inoculated on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar. Bacterial identification was performed using Gram staining, colony morphology, and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Müller–Hinton agar. Results: The mean age of patients was 40.42 ± 10.57 years, and the mean BMI was 27.31 ± 3.28. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli (34.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (24%), Proteus mirabilis (11.7%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (9.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%). Sensitivity to ampicillin was highest for E. coli (94.3%), followed by P. mirabilis (88.9%) and S. saprophyticus (92.9%). Resistance to ampicillin was notable across all isolates. Conclusion: UTIs were more common in females, with E. coli being the predominant pathogen. A high resistance pattern to commonly prescribed antibiotics was observed, emphasizing the need for cautious antibiotic use. Keywords: Antibiotic Sensitivity, Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient, E. coli, MacConkey Agar, Urinary Tract Infection,

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McKEE, ROSEMARY, ROBERT H. MADDEN, and ARTHUR GILMOUR. "Occurrence of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Dairy and Meat Processing Environments." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 9 (2003): 1576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.9.1576.

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From June 1999 to June 2000, 480 environmental swabs were collected from two abattoirs in Northern Ireland. In addition, from July 1999 to July 2000, 420 samples originating from raw cow's milk were collected from two Northern Ireland dairies. All samples were examined for the presence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 with the use of selective enrichment in tryptone soya broth (TSB) and double-strength MacConkey broth purple (MBP) followed by immunomagnetic separation and selective plating onto sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime tellurite. Non-O157 VTEC was detected by selective enrichment in TSB-MBP and plating on MacConkey agar. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was also used to detect the presence of the VT1, VT2, and eae genes. Two (0.42%) of the 480 abattoir samples tested positive for VTEC; one isolate carried the VT2 gene only, and the other carried both the VT2 and the eae genes. Nine (2.14%) of the 420 dairy samples tested positive for VTEC; four carried the VT2 gene only, four carried both the VT2 and the eae genes, and one carried both the VT1 and the eae genes. These results indicate that the incidence of VTEC was low in the dairy and meat processing environment samples tested, and this finding may help to explain the low incidence of VTEC reported for the local human population.

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Truong, Thang V., Alexander Twist, Andrey Zaytsev, et al. "Evaluation of a Novel Chromogenic Medium for the Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Respiratory Samples from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (2022): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051004.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dominant cause of respiratory infection in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Detection of P. aeruginosa is conducted by culture of respiratory samples but this process may occasionally be compromised due to overgrowth by other bacteria and fungi. We aimed to evaluate a novel chromogenic medium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromogenic agar (PACA), for culture of P. aeruginosa from respiratory samples, from patients with CF. A total of 198 respiratory samples were cultured onto PACA and three other media: CHROMID®P. aeruginosa, CHROMagar™ Pseudomonas and MacConkey agar. P. aeruginosa was recovered from 66 samples (33%), using a combination of all media. After 72 h incubation, the sensitivity of the four chromogenic media was as follows: 91% for PACA and CHROMagar™ Pseudomonas, 85% for CHROMID®P. aeruginosa and 83% for MacConkey agar. For the three chromogenic media, the positive predictive value after 72 h was as follows: 95% for PACA, 56% for CHROMagar™ Pseudomonas and 86% for CHROMID®P. aeruginosa. PACA proved to be a highly effective culture medium for the isolation and specific detection of P. aeruginosa from respiratory samples.

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Sadeq, Jenan Nadhim, Saad Hashim Al-Husseiny, Balsam Miri Mizher Al Muhana, Qassim Haleem Kshash, and Assad Jasim. "Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from houseflies (Musca domestica L) at cattle barns in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq." Veterinary Integrative Sciences 22, no. 1 (2024): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/vis.2024.006.

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Recent studies identified that Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157H7) causes hemorrhagic colitis in humans, a rare spectrum of diarrheal illness. According to the findings of epidemiological investigations, cattle serve as the principal reservoirs for this bacterium. This study was conducted to understand the incidence of ECO157H7 in houseflies (HFs), a key disease vector. HFs (n = 40) were collected from cattle barns. The HFs were cultured on MacConkey (MC) agars, and any suspected colonies were grown on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. EMB-based metallic sheen colonies were grown on specific media, such as sorbitol Chromagar (SCA) and cefixime tellurite sorbitol-MacConkey (CT–SMAC) agar. Sorbitol non-fermenting (SNF) isolates were subjected to a commercial latex agglutination kit to identify the existence of O157 group. The results recorded 31/40 (77.5%) E. coli isolates identified from HF samples. The findings revealed that only 18/31 (58%) were from the SNF isolates. The identities of the isolates were further examined by targeting the rfbO157 and fliCH7 genes, as genetic markers in a PCR method. The PCR results reported 10/18 (55.5%) and 12/18 (66.6%) isolates that carried the rfbO157 and fliCH7 genes, respectively. Our research revealed that HFs represent a harbor for the pathogenic E. coli. The ecology and way this bacterium spreads among animals and across the environment may depend heavily on the presence of ECO157H7 in agricultural environments.

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Alvarado, Alvin, Jingjing Cabahug, and Bernado Predicala. "ATP bioluminescence method as a rapid tool for assessment of cleanliness of commercial animal transport trailers." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 62, no. 1 (2022): 5.1–5.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2020.62.5.1.

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Animal transportation is widely recognized as a significant risk for disease transmission. At present, cleanliness of animal transport trailers is mostly assessed through subjective visual inspection (i.e., ‘white-glove’ test), which may sometimes be supplemented by microbiological testing with results obtained after at least 2-3 days. In this study, the feasibility of using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method as a rapid tool for objectively assessing animal transport trailer cleanliness was investigated. Eighteen newly-cleaned transport trailers were tested using both ATP bioluminescence and microbiological techniques. In each trailer, six (6) locations including floors, walls, ramps, partitions and trailer exterior surfaces were sampled using an ATP meter, and MacConkey and R2A agar contact plates. From a total of more than 500 paired samples collected from all the sampled trailers, significant correlation was found between ATP bioluminescence method and standard microbiological technique using R2A agar (r = 0.206; p = 0.001) and MacConkey agar (r = 0.154; p = 0.002) plates. Using a threshold or ‘Pass’ limit of 390 RLU per 100 cm2 of trailer surface, ATP method was able to provide a good objective measure of the surface cleanliness, thus may be considered as an additional tool available for rapid and less costly assessment of trailer surface cleanliness.

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THUNBERG, RICHARD L., TONY T. TRAN, REGINALD W. BENNETT, ROGER N. MATTHEWS, and NEGASH BELAY. "Microbial Evaluation of Selected Fresh Produce Obtained at Retail Markets." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 4 (2002): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.4.677.

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The microbial quality of five types of fresh produce obtained at the retail level was determined by standard quantitative techniques. These techniques included aerobic plate count (APC), total coliform counts, Escherichia coli counts, and yeast and mold counts. Three different methods were used to determine total coliform counts, which consisted of MacConkey agar plate counts, Colicomplete most probable number counts, and Petrifilm E. coli (EC) plate counts. The mean APCs for sprouts, lettuce, celery, cauliflower, and broccoli were 8.7, 8.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 6.3 log10 CFU/g, respectively. MacConkey agar counts indicated that 89 to 96% of the APCs consisted of gram-negative bacteria. Yeast and mold counts were in a range expected of fresh produce. Fresh produce was also analyzed for human pathogens. Samples were analyzed for Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Campylobacter spp. One isolate of Staphylococcus was found to be enterotoxigenic, and one species of Bacillus was also toxigenic. Neither Salmonella spp. nor Campylobacter spp. were detected in any of the produce samples. A variety of Listeria spp., including Listeria monocytogenes, were found in fresh produce.

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