Journal articles: 'MacConkey medium'

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Nahar, S. Gul, M. Bulbul Hasan, Mst Rokeya Khatun, M. Nawshad Ali, and DK Mohanta. "Chromogenic Agar Medium : A Versatile Tool for the Diagnosis of UTI." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 25 (November 28, 2018): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v25i0.37561.

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Objective: The present study was done on Chromogenic agar media to identify uropathogens more efficiently by its characteristic colony colour for each of the organism.Methodology: A total 300 sample were collected from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Urine samples of the suspected UTI cases, showing pus cells >5/HPF on microscopic examination were included for urine culture simultaneously onto Chromogenic agar media, Blood agar and MacConkey agar media.Results: Culture yielded 139 (46.33%) bacterial growth among them, 133 (44.33%) showed single organism and remaining 06 (2.00%) showed mixed growth of two organisms in different combinations. It is evident from the present study that both Chromogenic agar media and Blood agar (BA) media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MacConkey (MAC) agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on Chromogenic agar media when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. Out of 91 E. coli isolated, 88(96.70%) could be identified differentially on Chromogenic agar media in contrast to 85(93.40%) on MacConkey agar and only 06(06.59%) on Blood agar. Again, all 06 (100%) of the isolate-pairs of mixed growth were identified distinctly on Chromogenic agar media, whereas both Blood agar and MacConkey agar media could revealed only 01(16.66%) of the polymicrobial growth.Conclusion: Chromogenic agar media has been documented for its very high yielding rate, rapid presumptive identification of both single and polymicrobial growths with greater precision and avoidance of biochemical tests for further identification of uropathogens. Thus it can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.TAJ 2012; 25: 64-71

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Nahar, S. Gul, M. Bulbul Hasan, Mst Rokeya Khatun, and M. Nawshad Ali. "Comparative Study of Hicrome Agar Medium with Conventional Culture System for the Isolation of Uropathogens." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 24, no. 2 (2018): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v24i2.37542.

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Objective: The present study was done to compare the performance of chromogenic agar medium and conventional culture media for the isolation and presumptive identification of uropathogen.Methodology: A total 300 sample were collected from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during January to June, 2008. Urine samples of the suspected UTI cases, showing pus cells >5/HPF on microscopic examination were included for urine culture simultaneously onto 2 conventional media (Blood agar and MacConkey agar) and chromogenic agar medium (HiCrome UTI agar medium). Results: Culture yielded 139 (46.33%) bacterial growth among them, 133 (44.33%) showed single organism and remaining 06 (2.00%) showed mixed growth of two organisms in different combinations. It is evident from the present study that both HiCrome UTI agar and Blood agar (BA) media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MacConkey (MAC) agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on HiCrome UTI agar when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. Out of 91 E. coli isolated, 88(96.70%) could be identified differentially on HiCrome UTI agar medium in contrast to 85(93.40%) on MacConkey agar and only 06(06.59%) on Blood agar. Again, all 06 (100%) of the isolate-pairs of mixed growth were identified distinctly on HiCrome UTI agar, whereas both Blood agar and MacConkey agar media could revealed only 01(16.66%) of the polymicrobial growth.Conclusion: HiCrome UTI agar medium has been documented for its very high yielding rate, rapid presumptive identification of both single and polymicrobial growths with greater precision and avoidance of biochemical tests for further identification of uropathogens. Thus it can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 128-135

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Thaller, M. C., F. Berlutti, F. Pantanella, R. Pompei, and G. Satta. "Modified MacConkey medium which allows simple and reliable identification of Providencia stuartii." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30, no. 8 (1992): 2054–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.30.8.2054-2057.1992.

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Yafetto, Levi, Emelia Hornam Adator, Abena Ahema Ebuako, Ephraim Ekloh, and Francis Yao Afeti. "Microbial Quality of Raw Beef and Chevon From Selected Markets in Cape Coast, Ghana." Journal of Biology and Life Science 10, no. 1 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v10i1.14022.

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This study assessed microbial quality of raw beef and chevon (goat meat) from selected meat retail shops in Abura, Kotokuraba and Science markets in Cape Coast, Ghana. Stock solutions from beef and chevon were analyzed on nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, and potato dextrose agar media using microbiological procedures. Results revealed that beef from Kotokuraba market was the most contaminated with mean highest bacterial counts of 1.15x108 and 9.40x107 cfu/ml in nutrient agar and MacConkey agar media, respectively. The results further showed that chevon from Science market was the most contaminated with mean highest bacterial counts of 1.67x108 and 7.10x107 cfu/ml in nutrient agar and MacConkey agar media, respectively. Mean fungal counts in PDA medium was the least recorded for both beef and chevon from all the three markets. Comparative analyses of results suggest that chevon was more contaminated than beef from Abura market, whereas beef was more contaminated than chevon from Kotokuraba market. However, from Science market, except in MacConkey agar medium, where beef was more contaminated than chevon, chevon was more contaminated than beef in nutrient agar and PDA media. Bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Nocardia spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhodotorula were isolated. We conclude that raw beef and chevon sold in markets in Cape Coast are contaminated by pathogenic and toxigenic microbes that may affect meat quality and consequently pose public health concerns to consumers.

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Özmen, Cumhur, Serap Simsek-Yavuz, Seniha Basaran, Atahan Çagatay, Halit Özsüt, and Haluk Eraksoy. "Comparison of Classical methods and Chromogen Media for Detection of Stool Colonisation by Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae." Klimik Dergisi/Klimik Journal 35, no. 3 (2022): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4144.

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Abstract Objectives: We aimed to compare classical methods and chromogenic media to detect carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization among hospitalized patients and determine the risk factors causing infection in colonized patients. Methods: Between January and August 2017, 100 patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized in the Reanimation Intensive Care Unit and the Trauma Emergency Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital were examined. From the first day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, rectal swabs were collected once every week and were tested for the presence of CRE by using the classical method defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ChromID CARBA chromogenic medium, and direct inoculation into MacConkey agar plates. In addition, MIC values for imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem and colistin were determined by using the Etest. Results: Rectal BDE carriage was detected by at least one method in 46 (46%) of 100 patients included in the study. Sensitivity and specificity values of the CDC classical method, direct MacConkey inoculation, and ChromID CARBA medium in the first 24 hours were found as 78%-42%, 87%-80%, and 91%-98%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity values of these methods after 72 hours were determined as 78%-100%, 87%-100%, and 91%-100%, respectively. Conclusion: We observed that, although the ChromID CARBA method performed better than classical CDC and direct MacConkey inoculation methods, direct MacConkey inoculation can still be employed, especially in areas with limited resources. Keywords: carbapenem, carbapenemase, rectal colonization

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Annor, Samuel D., Karla S. Salazar, Suresh D. Pillai, Chris R. Kerth, Jason J. Gill, and Thomas M. Taylor. "Melibiose–X-Gal–MacConkey Agar for Presumptive Differentiation of Escherichia albertii from E. coli and Salmonella from Poultry Meat." Applied Microbiology 3, no. 1 (2023): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3010010.

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The bacterial foodborne enteropathogen Escherichia albertii, despite enjoying increased attention paid to its pathogenesis, global dissemination, and antimicrobial resistance capacity, remains difficult to identify from human foods. The primary objective of this study was to develop and test a selective and differential plating medium for the isolation of E. albertii from enteric pathogens commonly transmitted via fresh poultry meat, namely E. coli and Salmonella enterica. MacConkey agar supplemented with α-D-+-melibiose and the lactose analogue X-gal was prepared and used to differentially enumerate E. albertii, Salmonella, and E. coli from inoculated ground chicken meat. The medium, MXgMac agar, differentiated the inoculated pathogens with a greater degree of efficiency than did the previously developed E. albertii-selective medium xylose–rhamnose–melibiose (XRM) MacConkey agar, based on differential usage of the lactose analogue and melibiose. Chicken-derived feces and litter samples were subsequently tested using the medium and found not to contain E. albertii by 16S rRNA gene amplification. MXgMac agar facilitates improved differential recovery of E. albertii and other enteric pathogens from poultry meat versus other E. albertii selective/differential media.

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Hinenoya, Atsushi, Keigo Nagano, Kentaro Okuno, et al. "Development of XRM-MacConkey agar selective medium for the isolation of Escherichia albertii." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 97, no. 1 (2020): 115006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115006.

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Fujisawa, Tomohiko, Shin Sata, Katsuhiro Aikawa, Takanori Takahashi, Shiro Yamai, and Toshio Shimada. "Modification of Sorbitol MacConkey Medium Containing Cefixime and Tellurite for Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Radish Sprouts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 7 (2000): 3117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.7.3117-3118.2000.

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ABSTRACT A modified version of sorbitol MacConkey medium containing cefixime and tellurite (CT-SMAC medium) was produced by adding salicin and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactopyranoside to CT-SMAC medium; this medium was designated CT-SSMAC medium and was used to isolate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from radish sprouts. Of 101 non-E. coli bacteria isolated from radish sprouts that produced colorless colonies similar to colonies of E. coliO157:H7 grown on CT-SMAC medium, 92 (91%) formed colonies that were red to pink or were β-galactosidase negative and colorless on CT-SSMAC medium. On the other hand, colonies of E. coliO157:H7 strains were colorless and β-galactosidase positive on CT-SSMAC medium. Our results suggest that CT-SSMAC medium is more selective than CT-SMAC medium for isolating E. coliO157:H7.

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Simor, Andrew E., Christine Watt, and Donald E. Low. "The Isolation Rate ofEscherichia coli0157:H7 in Toronto and Surrounding Communities." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1, no. 1 (1990): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/583209.

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Verocytotoxin-producing strains ofEscherichia coli,most often serotype 0157:H7, have been associated with both sporadic and epidemic diarrheal disease in Canada. In order to determine the isolation rate ofE coli0157:H7 in outpatients with diarrhea, all stool specimens submitted for culture to Med-Chem Laboratories in Metropolitan Toronto between June 1988 and September 1989 were cultured on MacConkey-Sorbitol agar in addition to standard enteric media. A total of 46 (0.3%) of 16,125 stool specimens yieldedE coli0157:H7 or verotoxin-producingE coli0157:H−. These isolates came from 31 patients with diarrhea; only 16 (52%) had a history of hemorrhagic colitis and one patient developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. Although MacConkey-Sorbitol agar was useful as a differential medium for detectingE coli0157:H7, 14.5% of all specimens yielded nonsorbitol-fermenting isolates. It is not certain whether the routine use of MacConkey-Sorbitol agar is justified when isolation rates ofE coli0157:117 are very low.

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Dutka, B. J., K. Jones, and H. Bailey. "Enumeration of Klebsiella spp. in cold water by using MacConkey-inositol-potassium tellurite medium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, no. 7 (1987): 1716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.7.1716-1717.1987.

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March, S. B., and S. Ratnam. "Sorbitol-MacConkey medium for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with hemorrhagic colitis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 23, no. 5 (1986): 869–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.23.5.869-872.1986.

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Ramos, Ana Carolina, Cecília Godoy Carvalhaes, Jhonatha Rodrigo Cordeiro-Moura, Anna Carolina Rockstroh, Antonia Maria Oliveira Machado, and Ana Cristina Gales. "Influence of Culture Media on Detection of Carbapenem Hydrolysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 7 (2016): 1896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00749-16.

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In this study, we evaluated the influence of distinct bacterial growth media on detection of carbapenemase hydrolysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. False-negative results were observed for OXA-25-, OXA-26-, and OXA-72-producingAcinetobacter baumanniiisolates grown on MacConkey agar medium. The other culture media showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting carbapenemase.

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Truong, Thang V., Alexander Twist, Andrey Zaytsev, et al. "Evaluation of a Novel Chromogenic Medium for the Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Respiratory Samples from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (2022): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051004.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dominant cause of respiratory infection in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Detection of P. aeruginosa is conducted by culture of respiratory samples but this process may occasionally be compromised due to overgrowth by other bacteria and fungi. We aimed to evaluate a novel chromogenic medium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromogenic agar (PACA), for culture of P. aeruginosa from respiratory samples, from patients with CF. A total of 198 respiratory samples were cultured onto PACA and three other media: CHROMID®P. aeruginosa, CHROMagar™ Pseudomonas and MacConkey agar. P. aeruginosa was recovered from 66 samples (33%), using a combination of all media. After 72 h incubation, the sensitivity of the four chromogenic media was as follows: 91% for PACA and CHROMagar™ Pseudomonas, 85% for CHROMID®P. aeruginosa and 83% for MacConkey agar. For the three chromogenic media, the positive predictive value after 72 h was as follows: 95% for PACA, 56% for CHROMagar™ Pseudomonas and 86% for CHROMID®P. aeruginosa. PACA proved to be a highly effective culture medium for the isolation and specific detection of P. aeruginosa from respiratory samples.

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Al-Azzauy, Ahmed A. M., Dalya B. Hana, and Mayssaa E. Abdalah. "The use of the water extract of Rosa spp petals as a bacterial growth medium." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (2011): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v10i2.298.

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In a pioneer study, simple water extract for the red petals of Rosa spp. was prepared under sterile conditions, then used for the first time as experimental bacterial culture medium for the growth of the bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae; the medium was used as alternative culture medium for the routine culture media (Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and blood agar) that used for the growth of these genera in the laboratories.All the genera showed active growth after 24 hours when it used directly as a liquid culture medium. The extract was used also to enrich the agar-agar and cultivated with the same bacteria; it showed a noticeable growth. The results suggest that this extract is a suitable culture medium; it could be used instead ofthe routine culture media that used in the cultivation of these bacteria in the laboratories. It also represents important, rich nutritional medium as those that isused in the routine laboratory work.

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Fujisawa, T. "Evaluation of sorbitol-salicin MacConkey medium containing cefixime and tellurite (CT-SSMAC medium) for isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from raw vegetables." International Journal of Food Microbiology 74, no. 1-2 (2002): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00737-1.

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Jayanti, Devi Dwi, R. Susanti, Ari Yuniastuti, and I. Wayan Suardana. "Deteksi Escherichia coli O157 pada air minum di Kelurahan Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang." Jurnal Biologi Udayana 24, no. 2 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2020.v24.i02.p01.

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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeteksi adanya bakteri Escherichia coli O157 pada air minum kemasan, air minum isi ulang, dan air sumur di Kelurahan Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 20 sampel yang terdiri atas 4 merk air minum kemasan, 8 sampel air minum isi ulang, dan 8 sampel air sumur. Penelitian diawali dengan tahap isolasi E.coli pada medium Eosin Methylen Blue Agar (EMBA), yang dilanjutkan ke medium Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC) untuk identifikasi E.coli O157 dilanjutkan uji lateks aglutinasi (OXOID) dan diakhiri dengan uji konfirmasi gen rfbE menggunakan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 8 sampel yang positif E.coli pada medium SMAC menunjukkan positif E.coli O157 (colorless). Uji lateks aglutinasi juga menunjukkan 8 sampel positif E.coli O157 seperti kontrol ATCC 43894. E.coli ATCC 43894 dan 8 sampel E.coli dari berbagai air minum di Kelurahan Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang menunjukkan positif E.coli O157.

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Siddiqi, Shoaib Ahmad, Hina Qaiser, Rabia Iqbal, et al. "Isolation and Characterization of Escherichia coli from Tannery Wastewater with Special Reference to Chromium." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 1, no. 04 (2017): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2017.0104134.

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ABSTRACT: With the progress of industries, environmental pollution with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world. Technologies related to microbes may provide an alternative or addition to predictable method for the removal of these heavy metals. The present investigation deals with isolation anddescription of chromium resistant bacteria from tannery wastewater taken from industrial area of Lahore, Pakistan. Firstly the leather industry effluent was examined for the total bacterial count and the presence of lactose fermenter and non lactose fermenter species on nutrient agar and MacConkey agar. Nutrient agar showed different colonies which were than identified by gram staining and colonies on MacConkey agar were identified by their colors as pink colonies show lactose fermenting species and off white or transparent colonies show presence of non lactose fermenting species. Potential heavy metal tolerant Escherichia coli was isolated by using Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar medium supplemented with salts of chromium. The examination of morphological features of the obtained colonies authentically identified the isolate as Escherichia coli. The identified isolate was then exposed to different concentrations of chromium chloride to conclude the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) which was found out to be 160mg/mL.

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Beeram, E. Sihan MD Nandanwar V. and Bhanu ST. "Isolation of Gram -ve Bacteria from the Root Extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata, Euphorbia tithymaloides and Murray koenigii." Environmental Science Archives 3, no. 2 (2024): 116–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13898726.

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Gram -ve bacteria is highly virulent as compared to gram +ve microbes due to presence of outer membrane, lipoproteins and also due to the endotoxins  they produce. Hence, their isolation and detailed studies on antimicrobial agents that can kill them is a challenging task. Earlier studies on Proteus spp. (P.mirabilis) has showed positive effect on growth of the plants like Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, commonly referred as Tomato plant and proven to be effective on plant development. In recent studies, we have isolated Gram -ve  bacillus (Proteus spp.) from the root samples of Kalanchoe pinnata, Euphorbia tithymaloides and K. pneumoniae from Murray koenigii  by plating serially diluted root extract samples on MacConkey agar and MacConkey Agar w/o CV, NaCl w/ 0.5% sodium taurocholate medium. The bacterial strains isolated were identified to be Gram -ve bacilli characterised using biochemical tests and Gram staining technique. The bacilli isolated  from the rootlets of Kalanchoe pinnata and Euphorbia tithymaloides were found to be motile and identified as P.mirabilis and  in case of Murray koenigii, the isolated bacilli were found to be non-motile and identified as Gram -ve K. pneumoniae.

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Pestariati, Pestariati, and Suhariyadi Suhariyadi. "The effectiveness of using ID broth in identifying the outer membrane protein of Salmonella typhi." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 14, no. 1 (2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v14i1.23912.

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<span>Typhoid fever is an infection that affects the digestive system. It spreads through contaminated food and drinks due to the Salmonella bacteria. One way to develop immunity against Salmonella typhi is by using outer membrane protein (OMP), which activates the cellular immune system. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of using ID Broth to identify OMP Salmonella typhi. The study was conducted experimentally at the Institute of Tropical Disease from April 2023 to May 2023. For the study, we obtained three samples of Salmonella typhi isolated from East Java, and each sample was replicated three times. We isolated the bacteria and extracted the OMP to measure its levels and perform electrophoresis with SDS-PAGE. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a standard protein analysis method. To address sample loading challenges due to stacking gel transparency, an acidic dye was added to improve visibility without affecting gel performance. In this study nutrient agar from MacConkey medium and ID broth were used as variables. We cultured Salmonella typhi and extracted OMP using the sonication technique. We measured protein levels through the nanodrop method. Salmonella typhi from ID broth produced higher protein levels than Salmonella typhi cultured from MacConkey Medium. It affected the identification of OMP using SDS-PAGE. Lower protein levels lead to fewer protein molecules in the same band zone, causing reduced visibility and readability of the protein bands. The ID broth stabilizes the bacteria's condition before being grown on nutrient agar media.</span>

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Rathinasabapathi, Bala, Suresh Babu Raman, Gina Kertulis, and Lena Ma. "Arsenic-resistant proteobacterium from the phyllosphere of arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern (Pteris vittata L.) reduces arsenate to arsenite." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 7 (2006): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-017.

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An arsenic-resistant bacterium, AsRB1, was isolated from the fronds of Pteris vittata grown in a site contaminated with copper chromium arsenate. The bacterium exhibited resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimony in the culture medium. AsRB1, like Pseudomonas putida, grew on MacConkey and xylose–lactose–desoxycholate agars and utilized citrate but, unlike P. putida, was positive for indole test and negative for oxidase test. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that AsRB1 is a proteobacterium of the beta subclass, related to Pseudomonas saccharophila and Variovorax paradoxus. Following an exogenous supply of arsenate, most arsenic occurred as arsenite in the medium and the cell extracts, suggesting reduction and extrusion of arsenic as the mechanism for arsenic resistance in AsRB1.Key words: arsenate reduction, arsenic bioremediation, Pseudomonas saccharophila, Variovorax paradoxus, Pteris vittala.

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Ali, Ghaffar, Aqeela Ashraf, Zafar Iqbal, et al. "Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Study in ICU of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore with Mac Conkey Growth Medium." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 5 (2023): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175177.

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Aim: Antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria responsible for infections on Mac Conkey medium Methodology: Blood samples were cultured on MacConkey medium and antibiotic sensitivity was done by the technique called disk diffusion. Sample size: 200 subjects Duration of research: Four months i.e. 01-09-2022 to 31-12-2022 Results: 148 were gram-negative bacteria, 25 having growth of mixed types and there was no growth in 27cases. In 148 subjects, resistance for ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, and doxycycline was 79%, 75.6%, 58.7%, 65.5% and 51.3% respectively. Gram-negative bacteria had high resistance %age of cefotaxime and the low for doxycycline. Conclusion: By gram staining technique, cases were all gram-ve bacteria. A species of Klebsiella was originated frequently in blood sample i.e. 18.5%. Keywords: Incidence, antibiotic sensitivity, infection in blood, gram-ve species

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Pompei, Raffaello, Francesca Berlutti, Maria C. Thaller, Angela Ingianni, and Giuseppe Satta. "A modified MacConkey medium which allows the recognition of Enterobacteriaceae from other Gram-negative bacteria on primary culture plates." Journal of Microbiological Methods 25, no. 3 (1996): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(95)00101-8.

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binti Mustafa, Nur Amalina, Muhammad Ashraf bin Redzuan, Muhamad Hazim bin Zuraimi, et al. "Evaluation of Microbial Load from Canned Soya Milk Drinks in Malaysia." Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2016): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2016.v02i01.04.

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Objective: Owing to the habit of consuming ready food among the citizens of Malaysia a study was conducted to evaluate 20 samples of canned soya milk for the presence of possible microbial content. The samples were collected randomly from shopping malls, restaurants and kiosk in Ipoh Malaysia. Methods: All samples collected across Ipoh, were subjected to test for presence bacteria in nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey media. The possible microbial load was swapped from surface and soya milk content with a sterile cotton and streaked on nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey culture media. The streaked petri plates were incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. Results: The study revealed negative microbial growth in all except two samples from the surface and soya milk content collected from a restaurant in nutrient agar and blood agar medium. The presence of microbes was conformed as gram positive staphylococcus sp. through gram staining. The positive growth may be imputed to poor storage condition at the restaurant. Conclusion: It can be computed from the study that the majority of the samples were free from bacterial growth, suggesting strong in house quality control mechanism at the processing unit and exquisite storage conditions in malls and kiosk suggesting that soya milk available in malls and kiosk are fit for human consumption.

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Stojanovski, S., G. Cilev, and B. Trajanoska. "Bacteria variety causing clinical mastitis in Holstein-Friesian cows in Pelagonia region, North Macedonia." Agricultural Science and Technology 13, no. 3 (2021): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.03.051.

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Abstract. The main aim of this study are the bacteria that most often cause clinical mastitis (CM) and their impact on milk reduction in Holstein-Friesian cows in the Pelagonia – North Macedonia region. 36 milk samples were taken from Holstein-Friesian breed of cows with confirmed clinical mastitis by a veterinarian. The samples were taken for the period from January 2019 to December 2020 from 20 different smallholder farms situated in the monitored region. Two sterile tubes with 10 ml of milk in each of them were taken from the affected part of the udder of the cow. A total of 86 tubes with milk from 36 mastitis cows were taken. From each sample 300 µl drips were placed in petri dishes with different selective nutrient media: Mannitol Salt Agar, MacConkey Agar, Endo Agar and Edwards nutrient medium. The petri dishes were incubated at 35±2°C for 24-48 hours in Mannitol Salt Agar, at 30-35°C for 18 to 72 hours in MacConkey Agar, at 35±2°C for 18 to 24 hours in Endo Agar and at 35-37°C for 24-48 hours in Edwards nutrient medium. Morphology of colonies and cells were examined with a microscope. A total of 119 strains were obtained and the following physiological and biochemical studies were performed to determine the new isolates: oxidase reaction, catalysis activity, indol test, hydrolysis of the hyporate, acetoin formation (acetylmethylcarbinol, Voges-Proscauer reaction) and Methyl-Roth test (MR- test). The results obtained revealed that the most common bacterial species causing clinical mastitis in Holstein-Friesian cows in 2019 and 2020 were six species of bacteria, where E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. are dominant.

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Kalpesh, Khutade*. "Validation of an Assessment of Chromogenic Media Against Conventional Culture Techniques for Isolation, Identification, and Direct Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Uropathogens in Resource-Poor Settings." International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IJPBS) 13, no. 4 (2023): 116–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10516488.

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AbstractThe study was planned to evaluate chromogenic media against conventional techniques in terms of correct identification, ease of reporting, and reduction in cost. This cross-sectional prospective analytical study was carried out from January 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023, at Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Palghar. Urine samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, blood agar, CLED agar, and chromogenic media simultaneously and incubated overnight. Imparting a distinct color to the isolated bacterial colony was visualized and identified by Hichrome UTI agar. Direct susceptibility testing by disc diffusion on clinical samples offers a rapid and inexpensive method of obtaining information to guide antimicrobial therapy. A total of 531 samples were culture-positive clinical isolates. Significant growth was obtained in 531 (100%) plates of HiCrome UTI, followed by CLED agar 521 (98.11%), Blood agar 511 (96.23%), and MacConkey agar 497 (93.59%). The sensitivity patterns of S. aureus to the following antibiotics: gentamicin, tetracycline, penicillin, and levofloxacin were 12 (85.71%), 11 (78.57%), 9 (64.28%), and 7 (7.00%), respectively. The sensitivity patterns of Pseudomonas spp. to the following antibiotics: piperacillin-tazobacta, amikacin, ceftazidime-avibactam, and gentamicin were 62 (87.32%), 43 (60.56%), 35 (49.29%), and 21 (29.57%). Enterococcus spp. was sensitive to Penicillin 79 (94.94%), Ampicillin 68 (80.95%), Vancomycin 57 (67.85%), and Tetracycline 46 (54.76%). Enterobacteriaceae showed high sensitivity to Meropenem (84.25%), Ceftazidime (67.68%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (55.80%), and Ampicillin-Sulbactam (41.44%). Concluded that the Hichrome agar medium can be a desirable, simple primary isolation and identification medium that significantly lessens the daily workload associated with urine culture in microbiology laboratories.KeywordsBacterial growth, CLED agar, Conventional culture system, Hi Chrome UTI agar, Urinary tract infection

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KANG, DONG-HYUN, and DANIEL Y. C. FUNG. "Development of a Medium for Differentiation between Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157:H7." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 4 (1999): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.4.313.

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A new medium (Escherichia coli O157:H7 medium: EOH) was developed for differentiation between E. coli and E. coli O157:H7. The EOH medium was compared with sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC), which is the most popular medium to enumerate E. coli O157:H7. Several combinations of 35 dyes were evaluated to develop the new medium. Indigo carmine (0.03 g/liter) and phenol red (0.036 g/liter) were found as the best combination for differentiation between E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli and added to the basal agar medium (SMAC medium excluding neutral red and crystal violet) for EOH medium. On the dark blue EOH medium, E. coli produced a yellow color with clear zone, whereas E. coli O157:H7 produced a red color without clear zone. For differentiation between E. coli and E. coli O157:H7, EOH has much better potential than SMAC. Furthermore, the red color produced by normal E. coli in SMAC may mask the light gray color produced by E. coli O157: H7, whereas the yellow color with clear zone did not mask the red color without clear zone in the EOH medium. The recovery numbers of E. coli O157:H7 from inoculated ground beef, pork, and turkey were not significantly different between SMAC and EOH media (P &gt; 0.05). The recovery rates of heat- and cold-injured E. coli O157:H7 also were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05).

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JORDAN, KIERAN N., and MATTHEW M. MAHER. "Sensitive Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Conventional Plating Techniques." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 3 (2006): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.689.

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The direct detection and estimation of concentration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 down to 1 CFU/g of cheese was achieved by conventional plating techniques. Cheese was manufactured with unpasteurized milk inoculated with E. coli O157: H7 at 34 ± 3 CFU/ml. The numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were monitored during cheese ripening by plating on sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime and potassium tellurite (CT-SMAC) and on CT-O157:H7 ID medium. Using the pour plate method, E. coli O157:H7 colonies could easily be distinguished from non-O157:H7 colonies on CT-O157:H7 ID medium but not on CT-SMAC. Higher numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were detectable with O157:H7 ID medium. Latex agglutination and PCR were used to confirm the identification of typical E. coli O157:H7 colonies, and nontypical colonies as not being E. coli O157:H7. As few as 1 CFU/g of cheese could be detected. E. coli O157:H7 also was detected in deliberately contaminated milk at concentrations as low as 4 CFU/10 ml.

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Sata, Shin, Tomohiko Fujisawa, Ro Osawa, Atsushi Iguchi, Shiro Yamai, and Toshio Shimada. "An Improved Enrichment Broth for Isolation of Escherichia coli O157, with Specific Reference to Starved Cells, from Radish Sprouts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 3 (2003): 1858–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.3.1858-1860.2003.

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ABSTRACT An enrichment broth was developed for the efficient isolation of Escherichia coli O157 from radish sprouts. The broth was buffered peptone water containing 0.5% sodium thioglycolate (STG-BPW), which was designed to allow growth of E. coli O157 in starved and unstarved states. However, this medium suppressed the growth of non-carbohydrate-fermenting obligate aerobes whose colonial appearance on sorbitol MacConkey agar containing cefixime and tellurite (CT-SMAC) resembled that of E. coli O157. Both starved and unstarved cells of E. coli O157 experimentally inoculated into radish sprouts were successfully recovered with STG-BPW enrichment in all cases, most of which showed marked disappearance of E. coli O157-like colonies on CT-SMAC.

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Hasan, Rima N., and Ali Anok Njum. "Pathology and immunological changes of TYPHOID fever." Sumer 2 8, CSS 2 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.02.56.

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150 blood and stool samples maturing between the ages of 10 and 60 were collected and cultured on BHI medium, MacConkey, and XLD. Agars were all found to contain Salmonella typhi after biochemical testing for the bacteria. Disconnects of Salmonella typhi and 12 segregates of the pathogen were detected in the stool and blood cultures, respectively. Similarly, seropositive serum samples from patients infected with salmonella were tested by ELISA assay to evaluate the concentration of cytokines and immune marks(IL-18, TNF-B, CD8 and CD4). Results showed that acute cases of disease express high cytokine levels and immune markers compared to chronic and asymptomatic infections. Keywords: Immunity; CD Markers; cytokines; salmonella.

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Carvalho, Paulo de Tarso Camillo de, Ana Paula da Costa Marques, Felipe Abdalla dos Reis, et al. "Photodynamic inactivation of in vitro bacterial cultures from pressure ulcers." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 21, suppl 4 (2006): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502006001000008.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial effect of diode laser light of wavelength 650 nm, in association with the photosensitive substance toluidine blue, on the bacteria in infected skin ulcers. METHODS: Samples were collected by means of swabs containing a medium for transporting infected material from skin ulcers. The material was inoculated into culturing medium containing azide blood agar for the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, and MacConkey agar for Gram-negative bacteria, and incubated for 48 hours. The results obtained from counting the colony-forming units were correlated and subjected to statistical analysis, adopting the significance level of p > or = 0.05. RESULTS: From analysis of variance (ANOVA), the result for the general mean was p = 0.0215. Using the t test with post-hoc test, the result for TBO vs. Control was p = 0.0186, and for TBO + Laser vs. Control it was p = 0.0039. CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction in colony-forming units when the cultures were subjected to photodynamic therapy.

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Ber, Raphael, Emanuelle Mamroud, Moshe Aftalion, et al. "Development of an Improved Selective Agar Medium for Isolation of Yersinia pestis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 10 (2003): 5787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.10.5787-5792.2003.

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ABSTRACT Existing media designed for selective isolation of clinically important members of the genus Yersinia were found to be unsatisfactory for the growth and isolation of Yersinia pestis. We report the development of a new selective agar medium (termed BIN) that supports the growth of Y. pestis. The development of the formulation of this medium was based on a fluorescence screening system designed for monitoring bacterial growth on semisolid media, using a green fluorescent protein-expressing strain. High-throughput combinatorial experiments can be conducted for the quantitative evaluation of the effect of different medium components on growth. Generation of fluorescence plots in this system, using microplates, allowed the quantitative evaluation of the growth rate of Y. pestis EV76 cultures in different agar compositions. The final BIN formulation is based on brain heart infusion agar, to which the selective agents irgasan, cholate salts, crystal violet, and nystatin were introduced. It was found that BIN agar is more efficient in supporting colony formation and recovery of Y. pestis than are the conventional semisolid media MacConkey agar and Yersinia-selective agar (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar). The advantage of BIN over other media has been also demonstrated in recovering virulent Y. pestis from the mixed bacterial populations found in decaying carcasses of infected mice. The BIN medium is suggested as a selective medium for isolation and recovery of Y. pestis from various backgrounds.

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Jiménez, M. Soledad, M. Isolina Campos-Herrero, Diana García, Marina Luquin, Laura Herrera, and María J. García. "Mycobacterium canariasense sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 5 (2004): 1729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02999-0.

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A novel rapidly growing, non-pigmented mycobacterium was isolated from blood samples obtained from 17 patients with febrile syndrome. Bacterial growth occurred at 30 and 37 °C on Löwenstein–Jensen medium and also on MacConkey agar without crystal violet. Strains contained α- and α′-mycolates in their cell wall. Sequence analysis of the hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes identified the isolates as rapidly growing mycobacteria. Sequences of both genes were unique within the mycobacteria. DNA–DNA hybridization showed that the isolates had less than 15 % reassociation with 13 other recognized rapidly growing mycobacteria. The name Mycobacterium canariasense sp. nov. is proposed for this novel opportunistic pathogen, which is most closely related to Mycobacterium diernhoferi. The type strain is 502329T (=CIP 107998T=CCUG 47953T).

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Mohammed, Jafar Saad Abdul Redha, Ali Hamza Mohammed Shaheed, Ahmed Mohammed Abed Ali, Ahmed Raad Abdul Redha Mohammed, and Mohamed Waleed Ahmed Yousef. "ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA AND THEIR RESISTANCE PATTERN TO ANTIBIOTICS IN THE MATERNITY AND CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL/BABYLON." European Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology 1, no. 8 (2024): 200–209. https://doi.org/10.61796/jmgcb.v1i8.839.

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This study focused on collecting urine samples from the midstream of urinary tract from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). It was clear that E. coli isolates dominated the rest of the isolates due to their importance in causing urinary tract infection in women and men. To achieve this goal, 100 midstream urine samples were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infection in Maternity and Children's Hospital/Babylon from men and women for the period from 11/11/2018 to 1/11/2019. These samples were cultured on eosin medium and solid MacConkey medium to confirm the diagnosis. The disk diffusion method was used to test the sensitivity of the isolates of this bacterium to a number of antibiotics (18 antibiotics) used as treatments. The most important results are summarized as follows: 1. Isolation and diagnosis of 72 isolates carrying the characteristics of E. coli bacteria, with infection predominance in women (60 cases) more than men (19 cases). All E. coli isolates are resistant to antibiotics that affect the cell wall

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Rahman, Farhan Haidar Fazlur, Lindawati Alimsardjono, and Sunarni Zakaria. "In vitro Antimicrobial Potency of Lemon Fruit (Citrus limon) Extract on Salmonella typhi." JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga 11, no. 2 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/juxta.v11i22020.69-73.

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Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of lemon fruit (Citrus limon) extract in inhibiting Salmonella typhi growth in vitro.Methods: This research was categorized as a laboratory experimental study. Lemon fruit (Citrus limon) extract was prepared with concentration as follows: 100.000 ppm, 50.000 ppm, 25.000 ppm, 12.500 ppm, 6.250 ppm, 3.125 ppm, 1.562 ppm, 781 ppm, and 390 ppm. Dilution tests with Mueller-Hinton broth medium were performed to determine the MIC. After 24 hours of incubation, isolated Salmonella typhi inside the tube was inoculated back in MacConkey agar plate medium to determine the MBC. Replications were conducted 3 times according to Federer’s formula.Results: MIC of lemon fruit (Citrus limon) extract to Salmonella typhi was determined at 3.125 ppm. Meanwhile, MBC was determined at 6.250 ppm.Conclusion: This study showed the potential antimicrobial effect of lemon fruit (Citrus limon) extract against Salmonella typhi in-vitro. Further studies are still needed to determine its efficacy and safety in vivo and also its full antibacterial spectrum.

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Lasmini, Titi. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI RONGGA MULUT PEROKOK DAN BUKAN PEROKOK DI PEKANBARU." Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan 8, no. 1 (2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/klinikal_sains.v8i1.1249.

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Kebiasaan merokok merupakan salah satu penyebab timbulnya berbagai masalah kesehatan salah satunya penyakit rongga mulut. Kondisi kesehatan mulut yang menurun akibat rokok tersebut dapat menurunkan jumlah bakteri flora normal rongga mulut dan meningkatkan jumlah bakteri potensial pathogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bakteri pada rongga mulut perokok dan bukan perokok di Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan isolasi bakteri pada medium MSA dan MacConkey, purifikasi, dan uji reaksi biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah isolat bakteri dari sampel rongga mulut perokok lebih tinggi (37 isolat), dibanding bukan perokok (26 isolat). Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (27,03%), dan Aggregatibacter sp. (21,62%) lebih sering diisolasi dari rongga mulut perokok, sedangkan Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (30,77%), Pseudomonas sp. (26,92%), dan Klebsiella sp. (19,23%) lebih sering diisolasi dari rongga mulut bukan perokok.

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OKREND, ANITA J. G., BONNIE E. ROSE та CHARLES P. LATTUADA. "Use of 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-lndoxyl-β-D-Glucuronide in MacConkey Sorbitol Agar to Aid in the Isolation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 from Ground Beef". Journal of Food Protection 53, № 11 (1990): 941–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.11.941.

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The addition of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-D-glucuronide (BCIG) at the 0.1 g/L level, to MacConkey sorbitol agar (MSA) plates aided in the isolation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 from raw ground beef samples by differentiating β-glucuronidase positive from β-glucuronidase negative colonies. E. coli 0157:H7 colonies, being sorbitol negative, β-glucuronidase negative, remained white, while sorbitol negative, β-glucuronidase positive colonies turned green to blue. Addition of BCIG to the MSA agar reduced the number of false suspect colonies picked from the primary plating medium by 36% when compared to MSA. E. coli 0157:H7 was isolated from 11 out of 12 inoculated meat samples (0.7 E. coli 0157:H7/g) using MSA-BCIG as compared to 8 out of 12 samples using MSA without BCIG.

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Blay, Alberto, Samy Tunchel, and Wilson Roberto Sendyk. "Viability of autogenous bone grafts obtained by using bone collectors: histological and microbiological study." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 17, no. 3 (2003): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912003000300007.

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The use of autogenous bone grafts is considered to be the best choice for reconstructive surgery. In the periodontal literature, the utilization of osseous coagulum was suggested by the end of the sixties. The purpose of this study is to consider the use of bone collectors (bone traps) as an alternative method for obtaining material to fill small bone imperfections, such as fenestrations and dehiscences. Thirty samples were obtained from bone drilling during fixture installation in patients (13 men and 17 women, with an average age of 54 years) requiring treatment at the Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, University of Santo Amaro. These samples were fixed in 10% neutral formaldehyde for 24 hours and subjected to histological preparation, in order to evaluate the presence of viable osteoblasts. In addition, the material was placed in a fluid thioglycolate medium and incubated for 24 hours at 36 ± 1°C in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. Bacterial growth evaluation was made by using six different culture media (MacConkey agar, blood agar base, mannitol salt agar, Anaerokit LTD medium, Anaerokit LTD - bile medium, Anaerinsol). The results show that, if proper care is taken to prevent saliva contamination during the surgical procedure, this method of collecting autogenous bone may be useful in situations where small amounts of bone are required.

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Yang, Hsiao-Hui, Robert T. Vinopal, Domenico Grasso, and Barth F. Smets. "High Diversity among Environmental Escherichia coli Isolates from a Bovine Feedlot." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (2004): 1528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1528-1536.2004.

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ABSTRACT Approximately 280 Escherichia coli isolates were isolated from a bovine feedlot at the University of Connecticut campus via enrichment in lauryl tryptose broth and random selection from MacConkey plates. The E. coli subspecies diversity was estimated by employing whole-cell BOX-PCR genomic fingerprints. A total of 89 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified by employing a criterion of 85% fingerprint similarity as a surrogate for an OTU, while the Chao1 index estimated the E. coli population richness at 128 OTUs. One genotype (at a similarity level of 60%) dominated the population at 66% regardless of sampling depth or location, while no significant vertical distribution pattern was observed in terms of genotype, mobility, antibiotic resistance profile, or biofilm-forming ability. Motility, measured by a soft agar assay, had a very broad range among the E. coli population and was positively correlated with biofilm-forming ability in minimal medium (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r = 0.619, P < 10−4) but not in Luria broth. Only an estimated 48% of the population possessed gene agn43, which encodes Ag43, a phase-variable outer membrane protein that has been implicated in biofilm formation in minimal medium. We observed significantly more biofilm formation in both minimal medium and Luria broth for agn43+ strains, with a larger effect in minimal medium. This study represents an exhaustive inventory of extant E. coli population diversity at a bovine feedlot and reveals significant subspecies heterogeneity in interfacial behavior.

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Church, D. L., D. Emshey, H. Semeniuk, T. Lloyd, and J. D. Pitout. "Evaluation of BBL CHROMagar O157 versus Sorbitol-MacConkey Medium for Routine Detection of Escherichia coli O157 in a Centralized Regional Clinical Microbiology Laboratory." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45, no. 9 (2007): 3098–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00426-07.

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Mozan, Intithar M., and Saad S. M. Al-Amara. "Frequencies New Delhi Metallo-?-Lactamase (NDM) in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Clinical Samples in Al-Basrah Governorate, Iraq." Scientific Journal of Medical Research 7, no. 27 (2023): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37623/sjomr.v07i27.03.

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Background: Metallo-?-lactamases (MBL) genes are crucial for resistance to antibiotics, and early detection is essential for infection control and prevention of nosocomial outbreaks.Methods: One hundred fifty clinical samples from Basrah hospitals were collected between October and December 2022 and categorized equally into 50 samples for each sputum, urine, and wound swab. K. pneumoniae isolates were identified morphologically and tested on MacConkey and blood agar. The Klebsiella pneumoniae chromogenic medium and Vitek®2 system was used as confirmation tests. Genomic DNA extracted from K. pneumoniae isolates using a commercial purification kit. The DNA extraction was amplified using PCR for 16S rDNA amplification K. pneumoniae isolates using a specific primer of approximately (130bp). K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) chromogenic agar and modified hodge test, according to CLSI were used to test the K. pneumoniae isolates for detect the ability of carbapenemase production. Plasmid DNA was extracted from K. pneumoniaeisolates and plasmid DNA was amplified using PCR to detect the blaNDM gene using a specific primer of approximately (621bp).Results: From November to December 2022, one hindered fifty samples were investigated for bacterial growth, of which gave 82 (56%) were positive and 68 (45.4%) had negative results. Grame-positive bacteria were 28(34.1%), while Gram-negative bacteria were 54(64.9%), including Klebsiella pneumonia 32(59.26%), E. coli 16 (29.63%), Klebsiella spp. 3 (5.56%), Pseudomonas spp. 2 (3.7%), and 1(1.85%) Proteus spp. All K. pneumoniae isolates showed mucoid pink, white, and purple appearances on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and K. pneumoniae chromogenic medium, respectively. The vitek®2 system showed 100% accuracy results in biochemical tests and K. pneumoniae medium. The PCR technology was used to diagnose gene 16S rDNA. The results showed that all (n = 32) K. pneumoniae isolates had a molecular weight of (130 bp) when compared with the standard molecular DNA ladder (200 bp). On the other side, the (n=32) K. pneumoniae isolates tested on Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase chromogenic agar and modified Hodgetest, 16 (50%) showed positive results and 16 (50%) showed negative results for carbapenemase production in both methods. On the other side PCR molecular diagnostics the blaNDM gene results showed that all (n = 32) K. pneumoniae isolates revealed a molecular weight of (621 bp), when compared with the standard molecular DNA ladder (200 bp).Conclusions: To select the best treatment and avoid losses time and money, use Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) chromogenic agar, modified Hodge test, and PCR techniques for daily antibiotic susceptibility testing in hospital and private clinical laboratories.

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Tayh, Ghassan, Salma Mariem Boubaker, Rym Ben Khedher, et al. "Prevalence, virulence genes, and antimicrobial profiles of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from healthy cattle in Tunisia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 16, no. 08 (2022): 1308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.15855.

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Introduction: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is associated with intestinal infection in humans and is considered an important cause of food-borne diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in fecal samples of healthy cattle collected in slaughterhouses (n = 160) and from five farms (n = 100). Methodology: E. coli isolates were detected on MacConkey agar. A total of 236 E. coli isolates were recovered from fecal samples of healthy cattle. We used sorbitol MacConkey medium to detect non-sorbitol fermenting colonies. These bacteria were examined for the presence of O157:H7 antigen by latex agglutination. The isolation of E. coli O157:H7 has been confirmed with PCR amplification of rfbEO157 and fliCH7 specific genes for serogroup O157 and with multiplex PCR of stx1, stx2, eaeA, and ehxA. All isolates were examined for their susceptibility to 21 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Results: Of the 236 E. coli isolates, 4.2% (10/236) were positive for STEC O157:H7. Shiga toxin gene (stx2) and ehxA were present in 70% of isolates, stx1 and eae were confirmed in 60% of the isolates. Other virulence factors screened (fimH, sfa/focDE, cdt3, traT, iutA, and hlyA) were present among the 10 isolates. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, cefepime, aztreonam, colistin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. All isolates belong to the phylo-group E. Conclusions: This is the first study of the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle in Tunisia. Our finding proves the existence of STEC O157:H7 in healthy animals producing food for human consumption which could be a source of food-borne disease.

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Mahmud, Abbas, Rizki Dyah Haninggar, and Fajar Akbar. "Isolate Gram Negative Bacteria Resistant Antibiotics Carbapenems in Maternal Urine Pregnant." Jurnal Analis Medika Biosains (JAMBS) 11, no. 2 (2024): 122. https://doi.org/10.32807/jambs.v11i2.397.

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Pregnant women with bacterial uria, more than half have infections with antibiotic- resistant organisms. This pattern of resistance has a real clinical impact because pregnant women with antibiotic-resistant Gram Negative lower urinary tract infections are estimated to be 2-3 times more likely to develop pyelonephritis. Antibiotic resistance is common among pathogenic bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. Enterobacterales are frequently encountered pathogens that cause community-associated infections, such as urinary tract infections. Urinary tract pathogenic bacteria are generally caused by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli is a common cause of bacteriuria symptomatic and asymptomatic. In the era of multidrug resistance, appropriate diagnosis and treatment must be given to avoid in pregnant women and prevent antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to the mother and fetus because it is difficult to obtain safe antibiotics. Increased bacterial resistance of urinary tract pathogens may complicate the selection of appropriate drugs. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity of carbapenem antibiotics to bacterial isolates from the urine of pregnant women. This type of research is descriptive observational research, where the sample used is urine Pregnant. A urine specimen sample is inoculated to in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) media, next inoculated to MacConkey agar medium. Isolate bacteria from MacConkey To be done Gram examination and sensitivity test. Sensitivity test use method diffusion the Kirby-Bauer disc uses an antibiotic disc group Carbapenems namely Meropenem (MER) 10ug. Data in the form of mark sensitivity form resistant (R), Intermediate (I) and Sensitive (S) of antibiotic group, participant data processed use SPSS application. This study obtained there were 5 ( 20 %) Gram Negative bacteria that resistant antibiotic meropenem (MER) from group Carbapenems . Conclusion: There is isolate Gram Negative bacteria from urine pregnancy that resistant to antibiotics meropenem from group carbapenemia. Type of group carbapenems the is the antibiotic

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AHMED, NAHED M., and DONALD E. CONNER. "Evaluation of Various Media for Recovery of Thermally-Injured Escherichia coli O157:H71." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 4 (1995): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.4.357.

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Efficacies of plating media for recovering heated Escherichia coli O157:H7 were determined and compared. To compare populations of recovered cells, suspensions of cells (three isolates, four replications/isolate) were heated at 50, 55, or 60°C, and then inoculated onto eight media: PCA-PA (plate count agar with 1% pyruvic acid [PA]), MSA (MacConkey sorbitol agar), MSA-Mg (MSA with 0.025% MgSO4), MSA-PA (MSA with 1% PA), MSA-MUG (MSA with 0.005% 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide (MUG), PRSA-MUG (phenol red sorbitol agar [PSRA] with 0.005% MUG), PRSA-PA (PRSA with 1% PA), and TSA-PA (tryptic soy agar with 1% PA). Recovery was consistently higher (P &lt; 0.05) with PRSA-MUG and PRSA-PA. At 50, 55, and 60°C, mean numbers (log10 CFU/ml) of recovered cells on PRSA-MUG were 4.42, 4.62, and 3.32, respectively, as compared to 2.78, 2.08, and 1.63, respectively, on MSA. PCA-PA and TSA-PA were less effective than PRSA media, but better than MSA media. Thus, PRSA with MUG or PA was an effective medium for recovering heated cells of E. coli O157:H7; whereas MSA failed to detect sublethally injured cells. Furthermore, addition of Mg, PA, or MUG to MSA further compromised this medium.

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RAJKOWSKI, KATHLEEN T., and EUGENE W. RICE. "Recovery and Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Reconditioned Pork-Processing Wastewater†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 7 (1999): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.7.731.

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The pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been recovered from various water sources and food samples. The growth potential of this bacterium in nutrient-limited, reconditioned wastewater from a pork-processing plant was determined over a temperature range of 4 to 46°C. Even though the biological oxygen demand of the wastewater was &lt;2 mg/liter, results of bioassays for assimilable organic carbon and the coliform growth response of the water suggested that sufficient nutrients were present to support limited bacterial growth. A three-strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 grew over the temperature range of 10.2 to 29.4°C. Bioassays appear to be a good indicator of the ability of this wastewater to support growth of this pathogen. Statistically higher levels of bacterial growth (P &lt; 0.05) were detected on a nonselective medium (tryptic soy agar) than on a selective medium (sorbitol–MacConkey agar), suggesting that stress or injury of the bacterium occurs when the organism is exposed to the nutrient-limited conditions of the wastewater. These results indicate that E. coli O157:H7 can survive and grow in this particular nutrient-limited wastewater, suggesting a potential hazard if this water becomes contaminated with this pathogen.

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YUSTE, J., and D. Y. C. FUNG. "Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Apple Juice by a Combination of Nisin and Cinnamon." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 2 (2004): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.2.371.

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Pasteurized apple juice with nisin (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm, wt/vol) and cinnamon (0 and 0.3%, wt/vol) was inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 104 CFU/ml and stored at 5 and 20°C. Counts on tryptic soy agar (TSA), selective medium (xylose lysine desoxycholate agar for Salmonella Typhimurium, and MacConkey sorbitol agar for E. coli O157:H7), and thin agar layer (TAL) were determined at 1 h and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. The TAL method (selective medium overlaid with TSA) was used for recovery of sublethally injured cells. The pathogens were gradually inactivated by the acidic pH of apple juice. Nisin and cinnamon greatly contributed to the inactivation. The killing effect was more marked at 20°C, with counts in all treated samples being undetectable by direct plating in 3 days for Salmonella Typhimurium and 7 days for E. coli O157:H7. Thus, several factors influenced the decrease in counts: low pH, addition of nisin and cinnamon, and storage temperature. The TAL method was as effective as TSA in recovering injured cells of the pathogens. The combination of nisin and cinnamon accelerates death of Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 in apple juice and so enhances the safety of the product.

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Evriarti, Paulina Rosa. "Identifikasi Bakteri Mirip Coliform pada Media Cromocoult Coliform Agar (CCA)." Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa 6, no. 1 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30602/jlk.v6i1.1047.

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Coliform-like bacteria can be found when examining coliforms in fresh water using the CCA media on membrane filter method. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize and identify coliform-like colonies that grow on CCA medium so that is easier to perform colony count analysis. One hundred ml of fresh water samples were filtered using filter membrane paper and then planted in CCA medium. Two different colonies growing on the media (red (A) and pink-purple (B)) were subjected to oxidase test, gram staining and re-cultured in various growth media such as blood agar, nutrient agar, MacConkey, and B. coli agar. Both colony types were also identified with Vitek MS to determine the species. The results of the examination showed that the red colonies (code A) were coliform-like bacteria, while the pink-purple colonies (code B) were coliform bacteria. The characteristics of coliform-like bacteria are that they produce hemolysis on blood agar and do not ferment lactose. Identification with Vitek MS showed that the isolated coliform-like bacteria was Aeromonas hydrophilla. Therefore, it can be concluded that Aeromonas sp. are coliform-like bacteria that grow on CCA, so further verification is needed when counting membrane filter colonies using CCA media.

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Schade, M., and H. Lemmer. "Counting Bacteria of Selected Metabolic Groups in Activated Sludge – An Assessment of Methods." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (1994): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0312.

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For counting bacteria of selected metabolic groups in activated sludge several methods such as the MPN-method, the pour plate method, the surface plate method, and the membrane filter technique are available. Population densities of heterotrophic saprophytes were assessed with the MPN-method, the pour plate and the surface plate method. The surface plate method yielded higher bacterial counts compared to the pour plate method. The MPN-method is not suitable because of the ambiguity of results leading to large statistical errors. The membrane filter technique yielded significantly higher counts of ammonifying bacteria compared to the MPN-method. The population density of nitrate reducing bacteria was estimated by the MPN-method and the membrane filter technique. Higher counts were found with the MPN-method. However, both methods are not satisfactory for determining nitrate reducers. Methodological problems are discussed. For counting coliform bacteria the MPN-method has to be preferred over plate count methods for MacConkey agar-medium selects aeromonads instead of enterobacteria.

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Rofiqi, Hammam Izza, Rebekah Juniati Setiabudi, and Dwiyanti Puspitasari. "Deteksi Bakteri Gram Negatif pada Street Foods di Daerah Sekitar Jalan Karang Menjangan, Surabaya." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i1.5348.

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Street foods yang dikonsumsi tanpa memperhatikan tingkat kebersihan dan kematangannya akan mengakibatkan foodborne disease. Walaupun dimasak hingga matang, ada beberapa bakteri yang dapat bertahan dalam suhu ekstrem. Beberapa bakteri yang memiliki ketahanan pada suhu ekstrem termasuk dalam bakteri gram negatif. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menemukan bakteri gram negatif pada street foods di daerah sekitar Jalan Karang Menjangan, Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang meggunakan beberapa tahap pengujian, yaitu isolasi dengan medium Salmonella-Shigella dan MacConkey serta pewarnaan gram. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan kontaminasi bakteri gram negatif pada 5 dari 15 sampel (33%) street foods di daerah sekitar Jalan Karang Menjangan, Surabaya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ditermukannya kontaminasi bakteri gram negatif pada street foods ditemukan pada makanan yang dimasak maupun tidak dimasak. Penjual makanan dihimbau agar lebih memperhatikan tingkat kebersihan selama proses penyimpanan bahan, pengolahan, dan penyajian dikarenakan adanya bakteri yang dapat bertahan hidup walaupun bahan makanan sudah dimasak hingga matang.

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Garay-Dominguez, Anette Karina, Eber Addí Quintana-Obregón, Reyna Isabel Sánchez-Mariñez, Consuelo Guadalupe Corrales-Maldonado, and José Rogelio Ramos-Enríquez. "Nutrients and Antioxidants from Petit Verdot Grape Pomace Powder." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 51, no. 5 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.078.

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T he study aimed to characterize pomace powder from the Petit Verdot grape of Mexican winemaking. The powder pomace (dry basis from pomace) was analyzed and contained 6.65% moisture, 9.17% fat, 9.54% protein, 51.41% dietary fiber, 6.10% soluble fiber, 45.3% insoluble fiber, and 4.62% ash. Also, the powder pomace contained various minerals, including calcium, copper, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, manganese, sodium, and potassium. The phenolic compounds found were hydrated quercetin, a cinnamic acid derivative, and a p-coumaric acid derivative. The limited diversity of phenolics in grape pomace powder is counterbalanced by its elevated dietary fiber and nutritional content, positioning it as a viable ingredient for food processing. The freeze-dried grape pomace powder contained a load of 4 log CFU/g, and the MacConkey culture medium detected no possible pathogenic microorganisms. These findings suggest that grape pomace powder could be a promising addition to the food industry, offering a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds.

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Guide, Bruna Aparecida, Viviane Sandra Alves, Emanuele Julio Galvão de França, Thiago Augusto Paes Fernandes, Nathália Costalonga Andrade, and Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro Neves. "Phenotypic and biochemical characterisation and pathogenicity assessment on Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis amazonensis Andalo et al., 2006." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 44, no. 3 (2023): 1047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n3p1047.

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The objective of this study was to describe phenotypically and biochemically the symbiotic bacteria associated with three populations of Heterorhabditis amazonensis Andalo et al., 2006 (isolates: UEL-n 01, UEL-n 07, and UEL-n 08) and evaluate their pathogenicity on Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. Bacteria were isolated by maceration of infective juveniles (IJs) and grown in culture medium (NBTA and MacConkey). The characterization of the bacteria was evaluated by employing motility test and biochemical tests like Gram staining, lipase activity, protease, and lecithinase. The production of antibiotics and bioluminescence was also evaluated. The pathogenicity was evaluated on the last instar larvae of G. mellonella at a concentration of 104 cells/mL. The bacteria from the three entomopathogenic nematodes isolates were positive for all biochemical tests except for lecithinase, and have presented bioluminescence when subjected to ultraviolet light, indicating that they belong to the genus Photorhabdus sp. Both were pathogenic to G. mellonella larvae causing 93.3 to 100.0% mortality.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MacConkey medium'

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