Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mach Zehender Modulator (MZM)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Mach Zehender Modulator (MZM)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mach Zehender Modulator (MZM)"

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Nain, Abhimanyu, and Suresh Kumar. "Performance Investigation of Different Modulation Schemes in RoF Systems under the Influence of Self Phase Modulation." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 3 (2018): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0155.

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Abstract The Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has emerged out a promising solution to the last mile connectivity along with higher data rates making it the preference for future communication networks. But fiber nonlinearities induce crosstalk and degrade the performance of the system. This paper presents a simulative investigation & comparison of Mach Zehender Modulator (MZM) and Optical Phase Modulator (OPM) including the effects of Self Phase Modulation. A single channel RoF system has been designed using MZM and OPM respectively. The model is analyzed for different ranges of dispersion and input channel power. It is observed that as the dispersion modulus increases the SPM induced pulse broadening also increases. The pulse broadening also increases with increase in the channel input power. Further it is revealed that MZM offers 0.3 dB more channel output power compared to OPM when dispersion is increased from 2 to 10 ps/nm/km. With the increase in channel input power from 10 to 17.5 dBm, OPM suppress SPM effects better than MZM and provides 2 dB more channel output power.
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D.K.Tripathi, Pallavi Singh N.K.Shukla and H.K.Dixit. "Design and Performance Study of Next Generation OOFDM." International Journal of Applied Control, Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJACEEE) 1, no. 2/3 (2018): 01–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1494948.

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OFDM technology is being promoted as one of significant ingredient in the development of the 4G communication technology that will be commercialized in forthcoming decade. This paper presents proposed topology to perform performance study of optical OFDM system with different modulations. Simulated results report that performance of optical OFDM transmission is dependent upon a number parameters selected as baud rate of transmission, cyclic prefix , QAM size and FFT size is selected by analyzing the transmission channel by the use of OFDM training symbols. Further OOFDM transmission performance under AWGN channel the MSK scheme and under Rayleigh channel environment BPSK scheme employing OOFDM has depicted good optical transmission performance. It has been perceived that better transmission performance is dependent upon best fit selection of number of optical OFDM transmission parameters
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Hbeeb, Sadeq Adnan, Ahmad S. Abdullah, and Haider Ali Jasim Alshamary. "Symmetric longitudinal Mach-Zehnder modulator using lithium niobate." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 2 (2023): 782–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i2.4359.

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There are many problems that restrict the work of the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), including the lack of using various windows of wavelengths, the large half-wave voltage, and the small optical confinement factor. In this paper, a mathematical model for MZM based on lithium niobate (LN) is designed to solve these problems. In this model, a wide window of optical wavelength from visible-to-infrared (632.8-to-1560 nm) was utilized. Moreover, it achieved a better modulation with lower attenuation and a lower dispersion by the window (1550-1560) nm. The other window of optical wavelength is about (632.8-to-634 nm), and (646-to-647 nm) which can be used for short-haul applications to reduce attenuation and dispersion. Furthermore, a small length of the arm, about 2-3 mm, was utilized to accomplish a large change of the refractive index and lower applied voltage of up to 250 V. The small operation half-wave voltage achieved about 1.2 V leading to better switching of the MZM. In addition, a large optical confinement factor of ≤1 unitless was obtained. Even better performance of MZM was attained by using a suitable length arm of MZM of about 2 mm, along with an electric field of about 175 V/mm and 233 V/mm using poling at 100 V.
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Sadeq, Adnan Hbeeb, S. Abdullah Ahmad, and Ali Jasim Alshamary Haider. "Symmetric longitudinal Mach-Zehnder modulator using lithium niobate." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 2 (2023): 782~791. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i2.4359.

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There are many problems that restrict the work of the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), including the lack of using various windows of wavelengths, the large half-wave voltage, and the small optical confinement factor. In this paper, a mathematical model for MZM based on lithium niobate (LN) is designed to solve these problems. In this model, a wide window of optical wavelength from visible-to-infrared (632.8-to-1560 nm) was utilized. Moreover, it achieved a better modulation with lower attenuation and a lower dispersion by the window (1550-1560) nm. The other window of optical wavelength is about (632.8-to-634 nm), and (646-to-647 nm) which can be used for short-haul applications to reduce attenuation and dispersion. Furthermore, a small length of the arm, about 2-3 mm, was utilized to accomplish a large change of the refractive index and lower applied voltage of up to 250 V. The small operation half-wave voltage achieved about 1.2 V leading to better switching of the MZM. In addition, a large optical confinement factor of ≤1 unitless was obtained. Even better performance of MZM was attained by using a suitable length arm of MZM of about 2 mm, along with an electric field of about 175 V/mm and 233 V/mm using poling at 100 V.
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Vikas, Agrawal, P. K. Pandey, and R. K. Bahl. "Development of high data rate optical transmitter in c-band using external modulation technique." i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering 12, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18517.

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This paper presents the development and characterization of high-speed ON-OFF Keying (OOK) Optical Transmitter up to 12 Gbps using External Modulation Technique that comprises Continuous Wave (CW) laser, Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM), and ultra-high bandwidth driver amplifier for MZM. The CW laser driver and high bandwidth modulator driver amplifier has been designed and integrated with the modulator which is biased for OOK modulation scheme. This work includes Direct Current (DC), Optical and Radio Frequency (RF) characterization of MZM modulator; selection of suitable bias point for modulator to achieve OOK modulation format, design and development of wideband driver amplifier in microstrip configuration on 25-mil alumina using Hittite device. The biasing circuit for distributed feedback laser is designed as an unmodulated CW optical signal to feed optical modulator. In this work, the assembly and characterization of optical transmitter is also carried out and performance is analyzed in terms of different parameters such as Extinction ratio and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) etc.
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Vervoort, Sander, Yannick Saalberg, and Marcus Wolff. "Mach–Zehnder Modulator Output in Time and Frequency Domain—Calculation and Experimental Confirmation." Photonics 10, no. 3 (2023): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030337.

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The Mach–Zehnder intensity Modulator (MZM), named after Ludwig Mach and Ludwig Zehnder, is based on the corresponding interferometer. It splits light into two counter-rotating partial beams, which are later recombined with a controlled phase difference. The output of the MZM depends on the phase difference of the interferometer paths. This phase difference is usually adjusted by an electrical voltage applied to a Phase Shifter (PS) placed in one of the interferometer arms. For MZM applications in which the wavelength is changing, the applied voltage must be adjusted accordingly. We derived the equations describing the MZM output in the frequency domain for the case of a triangular PS voltage (necessary for a sinusoidal output) and compared the analytical results with measurements. Our setup uses an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) with a tunable wavelength from 3.2–3.5 μm as the light source and a Lithium Tantalate (LT)-PS for the MZM’s phase modulation. The novel insights enable new control methods for MZMs particularly suited for spectroscopic applications where the wavelength is scanned or otherwise altered.
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Andrade, Paulo, Mário Lima, and António Teixeira. "Distribution of DVB-C Channels over an Externally Modulated Optical Link." Journal of Optical Communications 33, no. 33 (2012): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2012-0002.

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Abstract In this paper, we will study, via simulation, the transmission of DVB-C channels over an external modulated optical link using a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). We will also observe the consequences of biasing the MZM near its transmission minimum point, which allows higher carrier to noise ratio at the transmitter, but increases second-order distortion at the receiver.
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Betancur-Pérez, Andrés, Cristina de Dios, and Pablo Acedo. "Photonic Integrated Frequency Shifter Based on Double Side Band Modulation: Performance Analysis." Photonics 9, no. 11 (2022): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110793.

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In this research, we present an analysis of a photonic integrated frequency shifter as a stage for a THz dual comb generator. We studied the performance of the PIC by simulating it with standard building blocks, and aimed toward an improvement of the output signal quality. We revised two approaches of the PIC by simulating two modes of generating a double side band modulation suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) with a Mach Zehnder modulator structure (MZM). One approach was using a single Electro-Optic Phase Modulator (EOPM) on an MZM structure (SE-MZM), and the other one was using Double EOPM (DE-MZM). We found a cleaner spectrum with the DE-MZM, since this structure is usually applied to reduce the chirp effect in optical communication systems. We obtained 23 dB of side mode suppression ratio SMSR with one filter, and 44 dB of SMSR with a two-stage filter. In the case of DE-MZM, we obtained a clean tone on intermediate frequency (IF) free of spurious sidebands and comb in IF frequency with 10 dB more power compared to SE-MZM.
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Fan, Feng, Wenwu Zhu, Jiabin Wang, et al. "Coupled Dual-Loop Optoelectronic Oscillator Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102077.

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A tunable optoelectronic oscillator (TOEO) with coupled dual-loop (CDL) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is proposed. In our scheme, the CDL is constructed by cascading a dual-output Mach–Zehnder intensity modulator (DOMZM) and a single output Mach–Zehnder intensity modulator (MZM). One optical output of the DOMZM is directly injected to the MZM, and the other optical output of the DOMZM is transformed into microwave signals to modulate the MZM. The narrow gain spectrum of SBS is used to select the oscillation frequency and realize frequency tunability. By joining the CDL, we can not only increase side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and decrease phase noise, but also improve stability of the TOEO. Experimental results show that microwave signals from 2 GHz to 18 GHz with the SMSR as high as 60 dB and the phase noise as low as −95 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz frequency offset are achieved. Furthermore, the frequency drift is less than 0.3 ppm and the power drift is lower than 0.2 dB at 10 GHz within 30 min in lab condition.
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Huszaník, Tomáš, Ján Turán, and Ľuboš Ovseník. "On the 100 Gbps DWDM with Optical Carrier Suppression Modulation." Open Computer Science 11, no. 1 (2021): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0104.

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Abstract This paper investigates the transmission performance of 16-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system with two complex Optical Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulator configurations using 2 LiNb MZM (Mach-Zehnder Modulator) and 3 LiNb MZM. The link performance is evaluated for 100 Gbps data rate per channel in a total 750 km single mode fiber link. The perfomance is analyzed in terms of forward power, reflected power and bit-error rate of the received signal. From the simulation results we prove, that the link performance can be improved by adopting the high efficiency optical modulation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mach Zehender Modulator (MZM)"

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Prades, Jérémie. "Conception d’un modulateur électro-optique Mach Zehnder 100 Gbits/s NRZ sur silicium." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0205/document.

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Le développement permanent des applications informatiques telles que le stockage de masse, le calcul intensif et les communications large bande, encourage l’émergence de nouvelles technologies de communication. D’une part, les communications à travers des interconnexions métalliques approchent de leurs limites intrinsèques en termes d’énergie, surface et coût par bit. D’autre part, la photonique hybride conventionnelle, basée sur des assemblages 2D/3D de composants photoniques en technologies III-V, ne peut pas être complètement intégrée. Le développement de nouvelle architecture photonique sur silicium est une bonne alternative afin de proposer des systèmes intégrés de communication haut débit. La conception d’un modulateur électro-optique à très haut débit sur silicium fait l’objet de cette thèse. Dans un premier temps, un état de l’art des différents systèmes optiques est dressé, afin d’identifier les principaux verrous technologiques limitant leurs performances. Suite à l’analyse des différents types de modulateur optique implémentés sur silicium, une proposition d’architecture a été faite pour un modulateur Mach Zehnder 100 Gbits/s. Ce premier circuit a été développé avec la technologie PIC25G du fondeur STMicroelectronics. Le driver de ce modulateur a, quant à lui, été conçu avec la technologie 55 nm SiGe BiCMOS de ce même fondeur. Le démonstrateur proposé dans ces travaux offre un débit de 100 Gbits/s avec une modulation NRZ sur une unique voie optique. Pour cette configuration, ce prototype offre un débit binaire au-delà de l’état de l’art (pour une unique voie de transmission optique) avec une énergie par bit de 80 pJ/bit<br>The sustained development of software applications including mass storage, intensive computing and broadband communication, motivates the emergence of novel communication technologies. On one hand, communications through metallic interconnections approach their inherent limitations in term of energy, area and cost per bit. On the other hand, conventional hybrid photonics, based on discrete 2D/3D photonic assemblies of III-V photonic devices, cannot be integrated. The rising silicon photonic technology, thanks to its high level of integration, overcomes the shortcomings of the two previous approaches and promises a low cost solution allowing close proximity integration of photonics with electronics.The design of a very high data rate electro-optic modulator on silicon is reported in this thesis manuscript. In a first section, the state of the art of optic systems is presented with a focus on the main technological challenges limiting performances. Then, a silicon based topology is introduced to achieve a 100 Gbs Mach Zehnder modulator. It was implemented with the STMicroelectronics PIC25G technology. The driver of this modulator was designed with the 55 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology of the same founder. The demonstrator introduced in this work offer a 100 Gbs data rate with an NRZ modulation on a single optical channel. For this configuration, this prototype provides a data rate beyond the state of the art (for a single optical transmission path) with an energy per bit of 80 pJ/bit
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Book chapters on the topic "Mach Zehender Modulator (MZM)"

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kumar, Ashwani, Mandan Mishra, and Gopala T. "SILICON PHOTONIC SWITCHES AND MODULATORS USING PIN DIODE AND JUNCTION LESS STRUCTURES." In 9th National Conference & Exhibition on Emerging and Innovative Trends in Engineering Technology (NCEEITET). IARS' Press Australia, 2023. https://doi.org/10.62431/bjpk4m28.

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Silicon Photonics used coherent light modification, transmission, and detection. (SP). In the decade since Silicon World, inactive optical devices, modulators, signal processors, sensors, and others have advanced technologically. These happened. SP provides low-cost photonic solutions for short-, medium-, and long-haul telecommunications and chip-to-chip interconnects. SP-based transceivers and photonic integrated circuits have advanced during the past decade. (PIC). CMOS manufacture allows complex silicon PICs to be employed in massive data centers, high-bandwidth short-range communications, and dependable long-haul systems. This thesis includes junction-less silicon photonic modulators, coupling modulators, and PIN diode switches. This thesis describes a technologically programmable, compact, high-speed, low-power photonic switch. Plasma dispersion switches MMIs optically. Quantitative analysis and switch design recommendations are in the thesis. An active MMI coupler-based silicon ring-based coupling modulator is suggested and investigated. PIN diode-based electrically adjustable active MMI couplers can handle high-modulator footprint conventional coupling coefficient modulators. This thesis rates the suggested modulator. Eventually, a family of silicon photonic junction-less devices employing electrostatic doping (ED) solves random dopant fluctuations and accidental dopant activation in junction-based micro/nano-scale active silicon photonic devices. Technology improves. Electrostatic loading science is also taught. Three ED-assisted modulators are proposed and studied. First, an ED-aided phase shifter-loaded tiny Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) for intra-chip and short-haul communication is suggested and investigated. High-linear, low-power, junctionless modulator. Second, a short-haul EAM is shown.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mach Zehender Modulator (MZM)"

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Verma, Priyanka, and Sukhbir Singh. "Broadband Optical Frequency Comb Generation by Employing dual lasers with Dual-Drive Mach Zehnder modulator and Frequency Modulator." In JSAP-Optica Joint Symposia. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/jsapo.2024.19p_c43_11.

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Currently, there is a high demand for communication networks that provide large bandwidth and high efficiency without any interference for various users. One of the traditional ways to increase spectral efficiency is to use individual laser sources. To overcome these issues, optical frequency comb (OFC) [1] has emerged as a popular and effective approach that can improve spectral gain and reduce unwanted interference in communication systems. Researchers find optical frequency combs interesting because of their numerous applications such as precise optoelectronics instrumentation, ultra-short pulse generation [2] and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)[3] in optical communication networks [4]. In this manuscript an approach is designed for generation of broadband optical frequency comb (OFC) which is characterized by various parameters of laser sources, Dual-drive Mach Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM) and frequency modulator (FM). This approach is effective to achieve 159 optical comb lines with bandwidth of 541 GHz. The generated setup performance is analyzed by optical spectrum analyzer (OSA).
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Schwarzenberger, A., D. Fang, A. Kotz, et al. "Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) for Single-Carrier IMDD Line Rates of 500 Gbit/s and Beyond." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2025.m4k.1.

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We demonstrate PAM4, PAM6, and PAM8 signaling using a 280 µm-long SOH Mach-Zehnder modu-lator (MZM). We achieve PAM4 symbol rates of 204 GBd and PAM8 line rates of 528 Gbit/s (412.5 Gbit/s net data rate) – record-high values for devices on the silicon photonic platform.
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Chen, Chin-Ta, Kao-Feng Tsai, Fu-Chieh Chang, Chuan-Kai Lin, and Jia-Cong Yu. "3.2T Co-Package Optics (CPO) Module Based on 200G/ch Silicon-Organic-Hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM)." In 2024 IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan (ICSJ). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsj62869.2024.10804750.

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Zhang, Conghui, Xinjing Qiu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yongfeng Wei, and Xinlu Gao. "A Novel Photonic Phase Shifter Based on Polarization Controller and Dual-parallel Mach-Zehender Modulator." In 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acp.2018.8595890.

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Schwarzenberger, A., H. Kholeif, A. Kotz та ін. "First Demonstration of a cryogenic Silicon Organic Hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder Modulator with a Sub-1V π-Voltage". У CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2023.sth5c.7.

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We report on a cryogenic silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) fea-turing a record-low π-voltage of Uπ = 0.92 V. We demonstrate PAM4 transmission at a symbol rate of 70 GBd, the highest value so far achieved for semiconductor-based cryogenic MZM.
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Schwarzenberger, A., S. Sarwar, C. Eschenbaum, et al. "O-Band SOH Mach-Zehnder Modulator Operating at a PAM4 Line Rate of 384 Gbit/s with Sub-Volt Drive Voltage." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2024.th4b.6.

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We demonstrate an O-band SOH Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), enabling 192GBd PAM4 transmission at 384 Gbit/s with sub-volt drive voltages. This is the highest line rate so far demon-strated with an MZM on the silicon platform.
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Zhou, Jingjie, Qingyu Cong, Liming Lv, et al. "High-Performance Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Mach-Zehnder Modulator on 8-Inch Silicon Substrate." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2024.m3k.2.

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We first report the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) on an 8-inch silicon substrate fabricated in the back-end-of-line (BEOL) of CMOS foundry. It operates at 1550 nm with electro-optical response of only 1.5 dB roll-off at 67 GHz.
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Aihara, Takuma, Tatsurou Hiraki, Takuro Fujii, et al. "Uncooled Operation of Si Mach-Zehnder Modulator Integrated with Membrane Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers inside Interferometer Arms." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2023.tu2b.5.

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Membrane SOAs are integrated inside the interferometer arms of Si-MZM, in which the SOAs have on-chip gain of 11-5.3 dB at 25-80℃. In this configuration, SOAs can be used in saturated region suppressing pattern effect.
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Kulmer, Laurenz, Tobias Blatter, Manuel Kohli, Yannik Horst, Stefan M. Koepfli, and Juerg Leuthold. "Single Carrier net 400 Gbit/s IM/DD over 400 m Fiber enabled by Plasmonic Mach-Zehnder Modulator." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2024.w4h.5.

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We demonstrate a 437.1Gbit/s IM/DD link by employing a 178GBd PAM8 signal encoded by a plasmonic MZM. Symbol rates of up to 256GBd and transmission over 400m while maintaining net-rates of &gt;400Gbit/s are successfully demonstrated.
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Виноградова, И. Л., and Е. Ю. Головина. "Existing principles and schemes of construction of Radio-over-Fiber communication systems." In МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ФОРУМ "КОНЦЕПЦИЯ УСТРОЙСТВА СОВРЕМЕННОГО МИРА В ЭПОХУ ЦИФРЫ". Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26118/5556.2023.37.27.005.

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В статье рассматривается технология «Radio-over-Fiber» (RoF), реализующая передачу радиочастотного сигнала по волоконно-эфирной структуре. Описана схема, основанная на принципе получения радиочастотного сигнала гигагерцового диапазона частот посредством фотодетектирования сложного (суммарного) оптического сигнала, содержащего данную радиочастоту как разностную, а так же схема генерации радиочастоты, основанная на применении внешней модуляции с MZM (MZM – Mach-Zehnder Modulator). Проанализированы достоинства и недостатки данных схем построения систем связи категории RoF. Сделан вывод о том, что с точки зрения телекоммуникационных приложений, оба рассмотренных принципа построения RoF-систем решают похожую задачу – обеспечивают перенос сигнала, сформированного, возможно, в мегагерцовой области в более высокочастотный диапазон (в том числе – и для радиопередачи по эфиру). The paper deals with the Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) technology that realizes the transmission of a radio-frequency signal over a fiber-ether structure. The scheme based on the principle of radio frequency signal generation of gigahertz frequency range by means of photodetection of complex (total) optical signal containing this radio frequency as a difference one is described, as well as the scheme of radio frequency generation based on application of external modulation with MZM (MZM - Mach-Zehnder Modulator). Analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of these schemes of construction of RoF communication systems. It is concluded that from the point of view of telecommunication applications, both considered principles of construction of RoF-systems solve a similar problem - provide the transfer of the signal formed, perhaps, in the megahertz area in a higher frequency range (including - and for radio transmission over the air).
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