Journal articles: 'Machine Foundation'

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Ziolkowski, Patryk, Sebastian Demczynski, and Maciej Niedostatkiewicz. "Assessment of Failure Occurrence Rate for Concrete Machine Foundations Used in Gas and Oil Industry by Machine Learning." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 9, 2019): 3267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163267.

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Concrete machine foundations are structures that transfer loads from machines in operation to the ground. The design of such foundations requires a careful analysis of the static and dynamic effects caused by machine exploitation. There are also other substantial differences between ordinary concrete foundations and machine foundations, of which the main one is that machine foundations are separated from the building structure. Appropriate quality and the preservation of operational parameters of machine foundations are essential, especially in the gas and oil industry, where every disruption in the technological process is costly. First and foremost, there are direct repair costs from damage to foundations, but there are also indirect costs associated with blockages of the production process. Foundation repairs can temporarily shut down a given part of the refining process from operation. Thanks to cooperation from our partner, we obtained data from 510 concrete machine foundations from a refinery. Our database included many parameters, such as concrete cover thickness, machine gravity center distortion, the angular frequency of vertical self-excited vibrations, the angular frequency of horizontal self-excited vibrations, amplitudes of oscillation, foundation area, foundation volume, and information on occurring failures. Concrete machine foundation failure is not yet fully understood. In our study, we assessed what affects the failure occurrence rate of concrete machine foundations and to what extent. We wanted to find out whether there are correlations between the foundation failure occurrence rate and the mentioned parameters. To achieve this goal, we utilized state-of-the-art machine learning techniques.

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Al-Wakel, Saad, and Ahmed Abdulrasool. "Effect of soil stabilized by cement on dynamic response of machine foundations." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201001.

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Machine foundations require significant attention from designers. The main goal of the design of machine foundation is to limit the amplitude displacement and not disturb the people who work near the machine. In some cases, if the design of machine foundations does not satisfy the acceptable value of the dynamic response (such as maximum amplitude of displacement), the stabilization of soil under the machine foundation may be used to decrease the amplitude of displacement. This paper outlines effect of stabilized soil under the foundation by cement on the displacement response of machine foundations. Three-dimensional analyses by using finite element method are carried out to investigate the effect of depth of stabilized layer with different percentage of cement content on the dynamic response of the machine foundation. In addition, the effect of area stabilized by cement material on the dynamic response of machine foundation is investigated. The results shown that, the dynamic response of machine foundations generally decreases with increasing the depth of soil layer stabilized with cement. A significant decrease in the displacement of machine foundations is occurred for the stabilized soil layer with a depth of two times of the width of foundation, and the optimum percentage of cement for stabilizing is 6%.

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Peukert, Bernd W., and Andreas Archenti. "Dynamic Interaction Between Precision Machine Tools and Their Foundations." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 3 (May 5, 2020): 386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0386.

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The manufacturing accuracy of modern machine tools strongly depends on the placement of the machine tool structure on the factory’s foundation. Civil engineering knows a variety of foundation types and factory planners must carefully consider local circumstances such as the size and the properties of the regional subsoil as well as the individual requirements of machine tools. Two of the major reasons for the effect of the foundation onto the machining accuracy are the added stiffness and the increased mass from the installation site’s foundation. A change of these characteristics greatly affects the dynamic characteristics of the overall machine tool and therefore also the machining dynamics. Although some general rules and guidelines exist for the design of foundations, their dynamic interaction with the supported precision machine tool structures is not well understood yet. This paper presents a series of measurements on two different types of machine tool foundations and highlights the characteristic differences in their dynamic interaction. It also proposes a novel approach to validate the conclusions with the use of foundation and machine tool scale models. These results can serve factory planners of precision targeting shop floors as a valuable guide for deciding on a suitable foundation for lowering the individual machine tool vibrations and/or reducing the dynamic interaction between closely located machine tools.

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Macnar, Kazimierz, Andrzej Gonet, and Stanisław Stryczek. "Wybrane zagadnienia geotechniczne posadowienia urządzeń wiertniczych." Nafta-Gaz 77, no. 5 (May 2021): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2021.05.04.

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This article presents selected geotechnical issues occurring at the foundation of drilling rigs for geological works included in the Operation Plan of a company performing geological works, in the aspect of designing and construction of their foundations and a yard. In the construction of drilling equipment, at least two main zones can be distinguished, often requiring separate foundations for individual machines: the zone near the borehole, including crane components, mast and drill pipe drive, and the so-called machine hall zone, including drive units and elements of mud system. The machine foundation is designed to mount a particular type of machine on it in order to transfer to the ground the static and dynamic loads generated during the movement of the machine. In particular, the current legislation, technical literature and standards were reviewed, especially: API recommended practice 51R and 4G, Working platforms for tracked plant, Eurocode 7 PN-EN 1997-2:2009 Standard. The values of safe bearing capacity of some soils and the magnitude of pressures generated by static and dynamic loads of selected drilling equipment were presented, which can be useful for preliminary assessment of the location of drilling equipment in the field and selection of surface and type of foundations. Typical examples of foundation of drilling rigs in various geotechnical conditions on direct foundations with the use of prefabricated elements such as reinforced concrete road slabs, wooden slabs and composite slabs based on HDPE plastic or on indirect ones with the use of micropiles were described. The following essential elements of the process of geotechnical design of the foundation of drilling rigs and their execution were indicated. According to legal regulations, the form of presentation of geotechnical foundation conditions and the scope of necessary tests should depend on assigning the building structure to a proper geotechnical category, which for practical purposes is tabulated in this article. The design and construction of foundations for drilling rigs should ensure, among other things, that their intrinsic vibrations are sufficiently different from those induced by subassemblies of the rig, that the vibration amplitudes are smaller than permissible, and that the foundations of individual machines are adequately separated from each other and from the rest of the facilities (yard). Conclusions on the safe foundation of drilling rigs on the ground, including, among others, the strengthening of the ground, design of independent building structures such as foundations for drilling rigs and their execution and removal were presented.

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Tian, Yang, Zhifeng Liu, Xinpeng Xu, Guang Wang, Qiwei Li, Yang Zhou, and Jiangli Cheng. "Systematic review of research relating to heavy-duty machine tool foundation systems." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 168781401880610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018806106.

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The quality of heavy-duty machine tool foundations can drastically affect the operating life and working precision of the tool, and the high cost of manufacture has drawn a lot of attention. This article summarized the research status of the relevant literature on the characteristics, vibration isolation, foundation optimization, and quality inspection of heavy-duty machine tool-foundation system, induced the influencing laws of the influencing factors of the system, reviewed the highlights and achievements in the research of heavy machine tool-foundation system at present, and put forward some problems and development directions existing in the research of heavy machine tool-foundation system. It lays a foundation for realizing the judgment of the concrete foundation quality and improving the processing precision and the maintenance of the heavy machine tool.

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Zhang, Yi, Wanlu Chen, Suqin Dou, Panpan Li, Hai Gu, and Ren-E. Dong. "Constructing Machine Tool Foundations Using an LMP Alloy." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071649.

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Currently, the construction of machine tool foundations is a complicated and lengthy procedure with a limited flexibility. In this paper, we present a novel system for constructing machine tool foundations that replaces the need for concrete or concrete-polymer hybrids with a low melting point (LMP) alloy. The system uses a hot bath method to maintain the LMP alloy grouting in liquid form. A fixing device is used to control the embedded depth and positional accuracy of the foundation bolt assembly. The grouting material is injected into the foundation pit by a filling device. This can be extracted from the foundation pit in a later stage with the aid of a recycling device, enabling new machine tool foundations to be manufactured by reusing the LMP alloy grouting material. A prototype was built to test the proposed design. The results show that the system can construct machine tool foundations in a single application, without the delays associated with concrete-based construction, lowering both the economic and environmental cost.

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Ma, Fu Dong, Yao Gang Li, and Qian Lin Peng. "Modeling Research for Active Control of Coupled Vibration between Multiple CNC Milling Machines and Flexible Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.675.

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In real life many agencies are using the flexible foundation as a base of support, such as ship hull or deck, the chassis of car, and machine tools work on stairs. With the traditional theory, the mathematical model between machine and based simplified as single-degree-of-freedom, assuming foundation is a rigid, and many investigate for a single machine, ignoring the dynamic coupling of base and the coupling characteristics between vibrators. This paper build a dynamics model with flexible basis and multiple machines, it’s multi-degrees-of-freedom model. The foundation is flexibled. On this basis builiding a model about multiple machines, flexible foundation and vibration isolation system. This paper resolve to the problem of the machine work on stair, research the system include vibrator, actuators, and flexible foundation. Using Lagrange equation deduce dynamics equation. Express every factor in eqution,deduced the state and space expression.Take prepare for optimal and system simulation.

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8

Tian, Yang, Zhifeng Liu, and Xiangmin Dong. "Bearing deformation of heavy-duty machine tool-foundation systems and deformation detection methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 9 (November 21, 2018): 3232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218813396.

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Because of the characteristics of heavy-duty machine tools such as large self-weight and heavy load, the working precision and service life of their lathe beds, columns, and other large structural parts are all directly influenced by the foundation. In view of the considerable influence of joint surfaces on system characteristics, this study involved obtaining joint surface parameter values from a microscopic perspective, deriving a static joint surface parameter model from Reynolds equation, adopting fractal theory to develop a bolted joint surface parameter model, and thus completing the embedding of joint surface parameters under uneven loads; a simulation model for a heavy-duty machine tool-foundation system was also devised considering the influence of joint surfaces. To identify the structural micro-deformation status of heavy-duty numerical control machine tool-foundation systems, the authors constructed a fiber grating technology-based experimental platform for detecting the deformation of structural parts, verified the correctness of the above simulation model via experiments, and proposed a method for detecting the deformation of heavy-duty machine tool-foundation systems using fiber grating technology. Based on the above simulation model, the influence of reinforced layer position, foundation outline specifications and soil properties around the foundation on the bearing deformation of heavy-duty machine tool-foundation systems were studied, and some guidelines on the construction of concrete foundations were formulated. This model and the related detection method laid a theoretical foundation for guiding the design and optimization of heavy-duty machine tool structure and foundation.

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Tian, Yang, Qilin Shu, Zhifeng Liu, and Yujie Ji. "Vibration Characteristics of Heavy-Duty CNC Machine Tool-Foundation Systems." Shock and Vibration 2018 (September 25, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4693934.

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Vibration characteristics of heavy CNC machine tools are directly affected by their foundations. To analyze vibrations of heavy CNC machine tools caused by internal and external loads, a system dynamics model of a rigid-flexible coupled heavy-duty CNC machine tool-foundation system was established based on the multibody transfer matrix method. Since joint surfaces can seriously affect the accuracy of system mechanics models, the substructure synthesis method was first used to establish a dynamic model of the joint surface. The frequency response function was then used to identify model parameters. Moreover, to improve the accuracy of parameter identification of the joint surface, a residual frequency compensation function was used to reconstruct the frequency response function. Finally, the multibody system model was implemented by combining surface elements. To verify the system dynamics model, an experimental model of the heavy-duty machine-foundation system was built, taking into consideration joint surface factors, and the theoretical model was validated by comparing theoretical, simulation, and experimental results. Using the theoretical model, the influence of different forms of concrete foundations, materials, and soil properties on the vibration characteristics of heavy-duty CNC machine tools was analyzed, thus providing a theoretical basis for optimizing and improving CNC machine tools.

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10

Li, Xiao, Xin Liu, Clyde Zhengdao Li, Zhumin Hu, Geoffrey Qiping Shen, and Zhenyu Huang. "Foundation pit displacement monitoring and prediction using least squares support vector machines based on multi-point measurement." Structural Health Monitoring 18, no. 3 (April 23, 2018): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921718767935.

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Foundation pit displacement is a critical safety risk for both building structure and people lives. The accurate displacement monitoring and prediction of a deep foundation pit are essential to prevent potential risks at early construction stage. To achieve accurate prediction, machine learning methods are extensively applied to fulfill this purpose. However, these approaches, such as support vector machines, have limitations in terms of data processing efficiency and prediction accuracy. As an emerging approach derived from support vector machines, least squares support vector machine improve the data processing efficiency through better use of equality constraints in the least squares loss functions. However, the accuracy of this approach highly relies on the large volume of influencing factors from the measurement of adjacent critical points, which is not normally available during the construction process. To address this issue, this study proposes an improved least squares support vector machine algorithm based on multi-point measuring techniques, namely, multi-point least squares support vector machine. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-point least squares support vector machine approach, a real case study project was selected, and the results illustrated that the multi-point least squares support vector machine approach on average outperformed single-point least squares support vector machine in terms of prediction accuracy during the foundation pit monitoring and prediction process.

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11

SIM, SIANG KOK, and ALEX H. B. DUFFY. "A foundation for machine learning in design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 12, no. 2 (April 1998): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060498122096.

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This paper presents a formalism for considering the issues of learning in design. A foundation for machine learning in design (MLinD) is defined so as to provide answers to basic questions on learning in design, such as, “What types of knowledge can be learnt?”, “How does learning occur?”, and “When does learning occur?”. Five main elements of MLinD are presented as the input knowledge, knowledge transformers, output knowledge, goals/reasons for learning, and learning triggers. Using this foundation, published systems in MLinD were reviewed. The systematic review presents a basis for validating the presented foundation. The paper concludes that there is considerable work to be carried out in order to fully formalize the foundation of MLinD.

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Figueroa, A. R., F. J. Medina, and P. M. Acevedo. "Modeling of machine foundation under dynamic loads." Journal of Terramechanics 22, no. 3 (January 1985): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4898(85)90072-2.

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Sexton, Daniel, Sarah Medearis, Qiang Liu, Giuseppe Iuppa, and Cristiano Quintini. "Preclinical Foundation for Normothermic Machine Liver Preservation." Current Transplantation Reports 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2015): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40472-014-0037-2.

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Li, Wan, Ming Hui Huang, and Mo Li. "Study on Construction Technology of Drain Board for Foundation Covered with Thicker Hardpan." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.815.

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In the paper, Construction technology and equipment improvement of plastic drainage boards driven in land area are studied. Because overlying hardpan is thick in some areas, drainage plate cant be driven by common vibratory board machine. In allusion to this instance, the machine was refitted to superficial drilling holes machine, a bore was drilled and then the drainage plate was driven to deal with the foundations covered with thick hardpan. Performance of this technology is researched and explored to deal with a complex foundation treatment by reclamation silt.

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Winters, Jeffrey. "Dream Machine." Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 06 (June 1, 2007): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-jun-3.

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This article discusses features of a high-efficiency car. The group setting up the contest, the X Prize Foundation, used a cash prize to lure a private company to launch its own space vehicle. Automakers have been better at producing high-efficiency concepts, such as the Chevy Volt than actual high-mileage cars. After the success of the Ansari X Prize, the directors of the X Prize Foundation looked for other fields in need of a push. In an era of rising gasoline prices and stagnant fuel efficiency marks, the idea of setting up a prize for a highly fuel-efficient vehicle was a natural. The contest tests vehicles on several factors, not just the single metric of fuel economy. The eventual winner of the Automotive X Prize will be much different. For starters, the car must meet federal safety standards and will be judged on physical attributes such as exterior styling, interior comfort, and the quality of the workmanship. According to the managers of the competition, the most important objective of the Automotive X Prize is to encourage not only the mainstream industry but also people on the periphery to really layout on the table some strong ideas.

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Nalitoela, N. G. "Identification of Unbalanced Forces and Foundation Parameters of Rotating Machines from Vibration Measurements." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i2.433.

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A technique is described to use measured vibration data of a rotating machine and its foundation to identify unbalanced forces, stiffness and damping parameters of the mountings, and the parameters of the foundation. It is based on an idealisation treating the rotor, the machine structure and the foundation as rigid masses supported by springs and dampers. Operational vibration data of the machine and its foundation before andafter the rotating unbalanced forces are perturbed by adding unbalanced mass to the rotor are used in the identification procedure. Once the parameters are identified, dynamic forces transmitted to the foundation can be estimated. The technique is demonstrated using simulated example for a machine with a two bearings rotor.

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Kuang, Hao Wei, Yu Bai, Li Chao Zhou, Xiang Ping Zhang, and Xiao Li Zhao. "Analysis of Foundation Influence Caused by Mechanical Vibration." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.230.

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In order to study excessive foundation vibration produced by mechanical vibration, this paper firstly deduce displacement amplitude formula based on dynamics theory and a simplified 2DOF model consisting of machine and foundation underneath. Functional expression of dynamic magnification factor D and frequency ratio is put forward by assuming stiffness ratio and mass ratio of machine and foundation. Then compared with function graphs under different suppositions, we know how to roughly assess foundation influence produced by mechanical vibration and how to roughly design machine which make foundation be unaffected.

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Fattah, Mohammed Y., Mohammed J. Hamood, and Ibtehal A. A. Al-Naqdi. "Finite-element analysis of a piled machine foundation." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 168, no. 6 (June 2015): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.14.00053.

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atna S. Waghmare, RajeshK Morchhale, Sanghr. "Assessing Quality in Machine Foundation Using UPV Measurements." International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 4, no. 9 (September 15, 2015): 8081–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijirset.2015.0409012.

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Mahesh, Dandiga, and Mohd Irfan. "Analysis And Design Of Turbo Generator Machine Foundation." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 45, no. 3 (March 25, 2017): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v45p221.

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Attar, Ataulla, and Dr P. G. Rakaraddi. "Economical Method of Reducing vibration on Machine Foundation." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 4 (2014): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11472836.

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Štimac, Goranka, Sanjin Braut, and Roberto Žigulić. "Optimization of the machine foundation using frequency constraints." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 50, no. 1 (February 19, 2014): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-014-1052-8.

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Lees, A. W., J. K. Sinha, and M. I. Friswell. "The Identification of the Unbalance of a Flexible Rotating Machine From a Single Rundown." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1691441.

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The reliable estimation of a flexible foundation model and the state of unbalance (both amplitude and phase) of a turbogenerator from machine rundown measured vibration data is an active research area. Earlier studies on the estimation of both these quantities used the whole frequency range of the rundown as a single band. However, such an identification may be inaccurate for large flexible foundations having many modes in the rundown frequency range. For reliable identification, the whole frequency range has to be divided into a number of frequency bands and the frequency-dependent foundation models have to be estimated together with the unbalance. This paper combines the unbalance estimation with the split frequency range for the foundation model, and the highlights the limitations observed during estimation of foundation models and the state of unbalance. It is shown that the accuracy of the method may be enhanced by judicious choice of a weighting function. Having established the method in simulation, experimental data from a 3-m long test rig, with four journal bearings, is used to test the method. The approach seems to give reliable estimates of the machine unbalance.

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Dong, Xiao Ma. "Research on Prediction Method of Soft Soil Foundation Settlement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.36.

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The current prediction methods of foundation settlement have biggish error under the condition of lesser foundation settlement observational datum. Aim at the localization of present prediction methods and the virtues of Support Vector Machine arithmetic, the method of predicting soft soil foundation settlement based on Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) was proposed in this paper and compared with the neural network method and curve fitting method. The research results show that this proposed method is feasible and effective for predicting soft soil foundation settlement. Least Square Support Vector Machine provides a more advanced method than these conventional methods for predicting foundation settlement.

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Rajkumar, Karmegam, Ramanathan Ayothiraman, and Vasant A. Matsagar. "Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on Torsionally Coupled Base Isolated Machine Foundation under Earthquake Load." Shock and Vibration 2021 (May 20, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686646.

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In this paper, the influence of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on a torsionally coupled turbo-generator (TG) machine foundation is studied under earthquake ground motions. The beneficial effects of base isolators in the TG foundation under earthquake ground motions are also studied duly, considering the effects of SSI. A typical TG foundation is analyzed using a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model. Two superstructure eccentricity ratios are considered to represent the torsional coupling. Soft soil properties are considered to study the effects of SSI. This research concludes that the effects of torsional coupling alter the natural frequencies, if ignored, could lead to unsafe design. The deck accelerations and displacements are increased with an increase in superstructure eccentricity. On the other hand, the deck accelerations and displacements are greatly reduced with the help of base isolators, thus confirming the beneficial use of base isolators in machine foundations to protect the sensitive equipment from the strong earthquake ground motions. However, the effects of SSI reduce the natural frequencies of the TG foundation resting on soft soil conditions and activate the higher mode participation, resulting in amplifying the response.

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Tian, Yang, Driss Boutat, Zhi-feng Liu, and Da-Yan Liu. "State estimation of a heavy-duty machine tool–foundation system based on observability." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 8 (January 22, 2019): 1447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318823890.

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Under environmental excitation and based on observability, an online model to predict the state of heavy-duty machine tool–foundation systems is proposed aimed to address the difficulties of directly measuring machine tool displacement states. The aim of the model is to address the difficulties associated with directly measuring machine tool displacements in real time. In this paper, to accurately obtain contact parameters of the joint surface, three states—elasticity, plasticity, and fracture—of concrete micro-bumps were studied. To obtain the equivalent elastic modulus of the secondary pouring material and reinforced concrete material, a composite foundation constitutive model is proposed to determine the equivalent elastic modulus of the concrete foundation. Surface topography features were reconstructed by truncating the peaks of curves, force balance relationships were defined at the joint surfaces, and a metal–concrete joint contact model based on fractal theory was deduced. Based on the joint contact model, a dynamic model of the heavy-duty machine tool–foundation system was established. The dynamic parameters were detected in real time and used to reconstruct the above dynamic model based on observation theory. Further, an estimation model was established to describe the state of a heavy-duty machine tool–foundation system, and online estimation of the machine tool displacement was realized. Finally, the estimation model was validated using an experimental setup of the heavy-duty machine tool–foundation system that considers joint surface factors. In conclusion, the model provides a theoretical basis for stable online control of heavy-duty machine tools.

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Crouch, Eric. "Man and Machine." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 6 (December 1991): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000031962.

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Medical Technology and Society: An interdisciplinary Perspective is published by the MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (£15,95 (pb), £26.95 (hb), 571 pp., 1990). Its publication is sponsored by the Affred P. Sloan Foundation as part of a New Liberal Arts Program for undergraduates. The authors, Joseph D. Bronzino, Vincent H. Smith and Maurice L Wade, are university teachers-Bronzino and Wade at Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut, and Vincent Smith is Professor at Montana State University.

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Cui, Gao Feng, Hao Chun Liu, Yong Tian Geng, and Yi Liu. "Construction Technology of Water Additional-Weight Immersed Tube Static Piling Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.864.

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With development of modern science and technology, pile type and pile foundation type, construction technology and construction equipment, pile foundation theory and design method have large evolution. Pile foundation has been to the ordinary foundation type used in the field with week soil texture for constructing all kinds of buildings, especially for high-rise building, heavy duty factory and the structure with special requirement.

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Liu, Xiping, Dong Chen, Liang Yi, Chao Zhang, and Min Wang. "Comparison and Analysis of Magnetic-Geared Permanent Magnet Electrical Machine at No-Load." Archives of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 4 (December 11, 2014): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2014-0047.

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Abstract Magnetic-geared permanent magnet (MGPM) electrical machine is a new type of machine by incorporating magnetic gear into PM electrical machine, and it may be in operation with low-speed, high-torque and direct-driven. In this paper, three types of MGPM machines are present, and a quantitative comparison among them is performed by finite element analysis (FEA). The magnetic field distribution, stable torque and back EMF are obtained at no-load. The results show that three types of MGPM machine are suitable for different application fields respectively according to their own advantages, such as high torque and back EMF, which form an important foundation for MGPM electrical machine research.

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Sienkiewicz, Z., and B. Wilczyński. "Minimum‐Weight Design of Machine Foundation under Vertical Load." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 119, no. 9 (September 1993): 1781–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1993)119:9(1781).

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Nuzhdin, M. L., and L. V. Nuzhdin. "REDUCTION VIBRATIONS OF THE PILE FOUNDATIONS FOR MACHINES UNDER DYNAMIC LOADS BY HIGH-PRESSURE GROUP INJECTION METHOD." Construction and Geotechnics 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.1.04.

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The vibration parameters of the foundations under dynamic loads or kinematic excitation directly depend on the stiffness and damping parameters of the base, the mass of the oscillating system consisting foundation, the machine and the «attached mass of soil». In the process of using pile foundations static load is transferred to the piles, the contact of the grillage with the ground is broken, and micro-gaps are formed. Micro-gaps impede the joint work of the soil mass of the inter-pile space with the foundation. An effective way to reduce the vibration parameters of foundations is the method of high-pressure group injection. The essence of the method lies in injection of a mobile cement-sand mortar into the soil base under the sole of the grillage under pressure exceeding the structural strength of the soil simultaneously through several injectors. The injection mixture eliminates micro-gaps and hardens the soil, which leads to an increase in the rigidity of the base and the involvement of an additional volume of soil mass in joint work with the foundation. The inclusion of inter-pile soil in joint work significantly increases the mass of the oscillating system and, as a result, reduces the parameters of horizontal and vertical vibrations of the pile foundation under dynamic loading and in the case of kinematic excitation. Injectors are immersed under the sole of the grillage through specially provided openings - injection conductors. The discharge points are usually located between piles and around the perimeter of the grillage. The parameters of the injection work (the number of injection points and their placement in the plan, the height of the injection horizons, the required volume of injected solution, the injection sequence, etc.) are assigned depending on the construction of the pile foundation, the engineering and geological conditions of the site, the dynamic operating mode of the equipment, and others factors. Strengthening pile foundations for machines under dynamic loads or vibration-sensitive equipment by high-pressure group injection can significantly reduce the amplitude of horizontal and vertical vibrations of foundations.

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Haridy, Salah, Zhang Wu, and Amro Shafik. "An Educational Scheme for a CNC Drilling Machine." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2012040101.

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Computer numerical control (CNC) involves machines controlled by electronic systems designed to accept numerical data and other instructions, usually in a coded form. CNC machines are more productive than conventional equipment and consequently produce parts at less cost and higher accuracy even when the higher investment is considered. This article proposes an educational scheme for designing a CNC machine for drilling printed circuit boards (PCB) holes with small diameters. The machine consists of three-independently move-fully controlled tables. Output pulses from the personal computer (PC) parallel port are used to control the machine after processing by an interface card. A flexible, responsive and real-time visual C # program is developed to control the motion of the stepper motors. The educational scheme proposed in this article can provide engineers and students in academic institutions with a simple foundation to efficiently build a CNC machine based on the available resources.

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Liang, Hui, Wu Yi Chen, and Hong Fang Li. "Research on the Method of Improving Accuracy of Parallel Machine Tools." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.85.

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The paper puts forward a method that the internal force greatly improves the actual accuracy of parallel machine tools, and a-2DOF redundantly actuated parallel mechanism is designed. The position and speed harmonious control conditions is studied and the force control system is devised in this paper. The experiments show that this method can greatly improve the accuracy of parallel machines. Therefore, the results provide the theoretical and experimental foundation for improving the accuracy of parallel machines by internal force.

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Smart, M., M. I. Friswell, A. W. Lees, and U. Prells. "Estimating turbogenerator foundation parameters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 212, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406981521420.

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Turbogenerators in power stations are often placed on foundation structures that are flexible over the running range of the machine and can therefore contribute to its dynamics. Established methods of obtaining structural models for these foundations, such as the finite element method or modal testing, have proved unsuccessful because of complexity or cost. Another method of foundation system identification, using the unbalance excitation applied by the rotor itself during maintenance run-downs, has previously been proposed but has not yet been experimentally verified. In this paper the necessary theory is developed and certain issues critical to the success of the estimation are examined. The method is tested in both simulation and experiment using a two-bearing rotor rig and good fits between model and measurement are obtained. The predictive capacity of the estimated models when the system is excited with a different unbalance is not as good, and it is surmised that this may be due among other things to inaccurate bearing models.

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Szulewski, Piotr. "Software and sensor system as a foundation of the Industry 4.0 concept." Mechanik 92, no. 5-6 (May 27, 2019): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2019.5-6.40.

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The paper illuminates the directions of activities currently undertaken by manufacturers of industrial automation systems to achieve a state consistent with the idea of Industry 4.0 – a digital, intelligent factory. The focus was on issues related to CNC controllers, sensors and communication capabilities. Advanced technical and software solutions for monitoring the state of machine tools as well as management of machines and production lines are presented. The directions of development of these techniques developed by Far East manufacturers presented at TIMTOS 2019 in Taiwan were indicated.

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Čajka, Radim, Jana Vašková, Pavlina Mateckova, and Kamil Burkovič. "Developing of Hydration Heat of the Massive Foundation in the Třinecké Železárny." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.325.

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Heavy industry, industrial plants and technology facilities use really big manufacturing units or assemblies with the weight of tens of tons. In case of rotary kilns, the weight can reach hundreds of tons. During the production process, those units move, creating, in addition to considerable static effects, big dynamic effects. Industrial facilities often face failures of the reinforced concrete foundation which is loaded dynamically by a rotating machine. Such failures typically result in cracks and failures of any of the foundation cross-section. Thus, a part of the foundation starts deviating, the rigidity goes down, geometry of the machine position is changing and an accident may occur - for instance, bearings may fail or malfunctions may occur in the machine. This has also happened in the case described in this article. The subject of the article is the large foundation structure of the rolling device in the Block Mill I in Třinecké železárny a.s. The slab of the foundation structure is approximately a T-shape, which has nearly 43 m in one direction and over 30 m in the other direction. The monolith foundation slab will be 2.0 m thick, the whole foundation structure will be 2.0 - 8.0 m thick. With such an extensive foundation, considerable attention must be paid not only to the design and realization, but also to the effect of the hydration heat.

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Fattah, Mohammed Y., Mohammed J. Hamood, and Ibtihal A. M. Al-Nakdy. "Dynamic Response of Machine Foundation Resting on End Bearing Piles." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 978 (December 10, 2020): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/978/1/012038.

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Huang, Z., and S. Hinduja. "Shape optimization of a foundation for a large machine tool." International Journal of Machine Tool Design and Research 26, no. 2 (January 1986): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7357(86)90210-6.

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Alhasso, Noor, and Qutayba Nazar Qasim. "Settlement Analysis of machine foundation Under Reciprocating Load using FEM." Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ) 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2020.128010.1057.

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Mahmood, Mahmood, Saad Al-Wakel, and Ihab Abdulwahhab. "Three-dimensional analysis for piled raft machine foundation embedded in sand." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201023.

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Three-dimensional analysis for the dynamic response of a piled raft foundation subjected to vertical vibration is presented in this study. The analysis considers several factors affecting the amplitude of displacement for deep foundation such as pile cap embedment, pile cap thickness, relative density of the sand and the boundary effect. A validation for an experimental piled raft model depending on a scale factor of (20) using at (Plaxis 3D) computer program was performed. The sand is simulated using Mohr-Coloumb model while the concrete is simulated as linear elastic material. It has been found that embedding the pile cap in the soil and increasing its thickness lead to decrease the maximum amplitude of displacement. Furthermore, the predictions showed that increasing the distance between the foundation and the boundaries and increasing the relative density of the sand can significantly minimize the dynamic response of the foundation.

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Zhang, Li Hua, Hai Bo Liu, and Feng Ping An. "Predicts Based on Multi Modality Support Vector of the Settlement of Composite Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.716.

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Composite foundation settlement is affected by many factors, and settlement data is a non-linear changing process with complexity, suddenness and progressive nature and so on. So we must analyze and predict the stability of the foundation settlement. Because empirical mode decomposition (EMD) provides a new way for foundation settlement prediction, we can extract modal signals associated with the foundation settlement mechanisms by decomposing the monitoring data of settlement by EMD and use the support vector machine ( Support Vector Machine, SVM) modal to predict the obtained signal, Calculation results of the modal synthesis and accumulation of foundation settlement, get the evolution of Change with the time of foundation settlement. Combined with the engineering example for the application ,shows that the prediction model has good effect in multi modality support vector, a high degree of agreement with the monitoring values, indicating that this method has a promotional value.

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Shi, Xu Chao, Yi Feng Dong, and Yun Liu. "Settlement Research and Prediction on Soft Clay Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 511 (April 2012): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.511.83.

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Soft clay can be found in many places around the country of China. Along with the rapid economic development in coastal areas, civil engineers could meet many soft soils. These settlements appear quickly and may continue for a long period of time due to the consolidation behavior. This paper investigates the deformation characteristics of soft clay foundation from trial dates. Support Vector Machine model is proposed to predict settlement of soft clay. The settlement forecasting show Support Vector Machine method has advantages in its simple structure excellent capability in studying and good application prospects. The results of this study proves the elasto-viscoplastic model rationality based on laboratory test and have shown the SVM approach has the potential to be a practical tool for predicting settlement of soft clay foundation.

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Liu, Jian Jun, Ren Cheng Xiao, Fei Yue Xie, and Wei Liu. "Modal Analysis and Fault Diagnosis of Dynamic Machine Foundation under Ambient Excitation." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.607.

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This paper introduces the modal parameter identification method of a reinforced concrete block foundation under ambient excitation. On this basis, the dynamic characteristics of a stone cutting machine foundation are obtained by modal test under different operating conditions, and test results reveal that the main cause of abnormal vibration lies in lower dynamic stiffness of the whole structure. With the comparison of dynamic response between pre-reinforcement and post-reinforcement, reinforcement effects of high pressure grouting technique and pre-stressed bolt applied to restrain foundation vibration are verified effectively.

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Wan, Shao Song, Jian Cao, Qun Song Zhu, and Cong Yan. "Interpolation Algorithm Application Using Neural Networks for Flywheel Energy Storage System." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2503.

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This paper presented the key techniques development of motor/generator (M/G) for the FES system in recent years, and summarized the latest developments of three machines such as: induction machine (IM), reluctance machine (RM) and permanent magnet machine (PMM) including traditional structure PMM and Halbach structure PMM, which now widely used in the FES system. The characteristics of three machines had been compared and analyzed, which provides guidance for the FES field researchers to choose appropriate M/G.Then the comparison of spectra of the sequences respectively interpolated by FDIA and commonly used interpolation algorithm is conducted, which affirms the superiority of FDIA. Finally, an effective method of achieving best decimation of the sequence interpolated by FDIA is provided. All these lay primary theory foundation for the application of Zadoff-Chu sequence to HF channel sounding.

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Wang, Aimeng, and Dashuang Li. "Influence of unequal stator tooth width on the performance of outer-rotor permanent magnet machines." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0175.

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AbstractOuter-rotor permanent magnet machines for low-speed and high-torque applications have been used due to their high moment of inertia and torque density. In this paper, the 12-slot/10-pole outer-rotor fractional-slot permanent magnet machine model is established by finite element analysis, the influence of unequal stator tooth width and tooth tip width is investigated for the PM machine, and five different schemes of stator tooth and tip width are designed and analyzed. Detailed comparisons of the performance characteristics of the machines are presented including important issues such as output torque, magnetic field distribution, and tooth flux density. It is shown that the torque density and cogging torque and efficiency can be effectively improved by choosing reasonable tooth and tip width, which lays a foundation for further optimum design and efficiency improvement of the machine.

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Lekatompessy, Debby Raynold. "The effect analysis of the stiffness changes of a Traditional Fishing Boat Foundation on Vibration Amplitude." TEKNIK 42, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v42i1.30978.

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The ship with the outboard engine is intended to make it easier for fishers to operate and maintain. However, the magnitude of the vibration due to the excitation of the engine during operation adversely affects the surrounding structures. It is evidenced by measuring the vibration amplitude of more than 0.02 mm at several points around the ship engine foundation. This study aims to reduce these vibrations by changing the canal's dimensions as a foundation and using damping rubber as the simplest solution. The analysis was carried out by calculating the vibration parameters of 2 types of machines, SR1110 and S1100. The numerical method is used to calculate the vibration's amplitude by varying the value of channel stiffness and rubber damping on the machine foundation. Supporting data is obtained by measuring the vibration amplitude at several points around the foundation. The magnitude of the previous vibration amplitude is 0.078 mm for the SR1110 type and 0.069 mm for the S1100 type, which exceeds the limit still. The amplitude is reduced by changing the foundation's dimensions and using a rubber damper (c). With the new foundation dimensions, the amplitude for the diesel engine type SR1110 becomes 0.0245 mm and type S1100 becomes 0.0238 mm. Increased stiffness and the addition of rubber succeeded in reducing the vibration amplitude by a significant value. The amplitude was reduced by 69% for the SR1110 engine type and 65% for the S1100 engine type within the allowable limit of less than 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm based on Barkan's observation results.

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Huang, Song He, Gao Jun Wei, and Jin Chun Feng. "An Damping Analysis on Local Vibration in Foundation of ‘four in one’ Nitric Acid Plant." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.661.

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‘four in one’ nitric acid plant is a key equipment to manufacture nitric acid. Its foundation is placed between the axial flow compressor and the expander, and has larger amplitude. Choosing the foundation of this machine as study subject, this paper analyses the biggest disturbance value of all vibration source in line with Code for design of dynamic machine foundation and by adding T-shaped kerfs on the box girder between the axial flow compressor and the expander. It also conducts harmonic response analysis on this foundation with the finite element method. By comparatively analyzing the displacement harmonic response figure of nodal points on the X, Y and Z axis in the foundation before and after adding the T-shaped kerfs, it indicates that T-shaped kerfs can dramatically mitigate the steady-state harmonic response amplitude.

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Zhu, Mingcheng, Shouqian Li, Xianglong Wei, and Peng Wang. "Prediction and Stability Assessment of Soft Foundation Settlement of the Fishbone-Shaped Dike Near the Estuary of the Yangtze River Using Machine Learning Methods." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 3744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073744.

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Fishbone-shaped dikes are always built on the soft soil submerged in the water, and the soft foundation settlement plays a key role in the stability of these dikes. In this paper, a novel and simple approach was proposed to predict the soft foundation settlement of fishbone dikes by using the extreme learning machine. The extreme learning machine is a single-hidden-layer feedforward network with high regression and classification prediction accuracy. The data-driven settlement prediction models were built based on a small training sample size with a fast learning speed. The simulation results showed that the proposed methods had good prediction performances by facilitating comparisons of the measured data and the predicted data. Furthermore, the final settlement of the dike was predicted by using the models, and the stability of the soft foundation of the fishbone-shaped dikes was assessed based on the simulation results of the proposed model. The findings in this paper suggested that the extreme learning machine method could be an effective tool for the soft foundation settlement prediction and assessment of the fishbone-shaped dikes.

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Liu, Qing, Wei Ding, Kai Kang, Xiao Han, and Bing Yu Wang. "A Prediction Method of Bearing Capacity of CFG Pile Composite Foundation Based on Support Vector Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1419.

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A prediction method of bearing capacity of CFG pile composite foundation was presented based on that support vector machine and corresponding prediction model was set up. To obtain the model coefficients, 18 groups of test data of CFG pile composite foundation were trained, the training value conforms well to the test value. Then the model was used to predict another 4 groups of test data. The result showed that the prediction value was close to the test value. The theoretical analysis and practical example indicated that the prediction method of bearing capacity of CFG pile composite foundation based on support vector machine is accurate and reliable.

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Fattah, Mohammed Y., Nahla M. Salim, and Rusul J. Haleel. "Liquefaction Potential of Sandy Soil from Small Laboratory Machine Foundation Model." International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE) 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irece.v9i1.13737.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Machine Foundation'

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