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1
Gans, L. H. A., C. Trivedi, I. Iliev, and P. T. Storli. "An experimental and numerical study of a three-lobe pump for pumped hydro storage applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2629, no. 1 (2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2629/1/012010.
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Abstract Pumped hydro storage (PHS) plays an important role as a matured technology that accounts for the vast majority of global energy storage capacity, and its expansion is therefore desirable. The expansion of PHS in mid- and high-water heads is limited to topographic features, but there is an untapped potential in low-head applications. For most of the PHS applications, a Francis reversible pump-turbine (RPT) is regarded as the most common and cost-effective machine, but it is not a suitable option for water heads of less than 30m. In its place, positive displacement machines like lobe pumps could potentially work as RPT machines and unleash new possibilities for low-head pumped hydroelectric storage. In addition, unlike bladed pump-turbines, lobe pumps-turbines present a fish friendliness design, an important attribute to preserve the aquatic wildlife. This work will therefore present a three-lobe pump that could potentially be used in low-head PHS. An experimental model for a lobe machine will be presented, and its results will be used to validate the computational fluid dynamic simulations. Numerical investigations will address the characteristic curves regarding water-head, rotation speed and flow rate.
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Lin, Xiaoliang, Yueyang Li, Weihai Song, and Xin Liu. "Application and Key Research Technology of Angle Head." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2187, no. 1 (2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2187/1/012029.
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Abstract Angle head is a kind of machine tool accessory. After the angle head is installed on the machine tool, the rotation center line of the tool can be angled with the spindle rotation center line to process the workpiece. It has been widely used in various fields of machining such as aerospace, automobile, engineering machinery, etc. The use of an angle head can increase the processing range and adaptability of the machine tool, enable some processing that is difficult to complete with traditional methods, and reduce the repeated clamping of the workpiece, and improve the processing accuracy and efficiency. This paper briefly introduces the application occasions of angle heads and several classification methods, focusing on the characteristics of 90° angle heads, universal angle heads, specific angle output angle heads and non-standard customized angle heads. It also summarizes the current situation and key research technologies of the angle head, and finally looks forward to the application and development trend of the angle head.
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Van Thuy, Tran, and Huu Loc Nguyen. "Investigation on influence of cutting parameters on spindle vibration of CNC wood milling machine." MATEC Web of Conferences 213 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821301007.
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In machining operation, the cutting parameters greatly influences on the spindle vibration of a CNC wood milling machine. The paper presents the effect of the cutting parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle when machined on CNC milling machine using Box-Hunter method of experimentation. The lowest natural frequency of this machine is 250 Hz. Experimental results have established a second-order regression equation that demonstrates the effect of three parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle. From that base, determine the most reasonable cutting parameters when machining on CNC wood milling machines so that the spindle vibration amplitudes is minimal. In addition, The comparison results show that the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the bolt joint is larger than the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the weld joint.
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Kalluri, Ramadevi, and Prabha Selvaraj. "An image analysis technique for wheat head count detection using machine learning." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 5 (2024): 3515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i5.7255.
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Deep learning (DL) techniques have significantly enhanced the potential for wheat head detection in recent times. The different development phases of canopy, genotype, wheat heads, and wheat head orientation provide considerable obstacles. The overlapping density of wheat heads and wind- induced picture blurring complicate wheat head recognition. This study describes an effective wheat head detection and counting method. Due to its high throughput in agricultural field analysis, remote sensing phenotyping has grown in popularity. Applying DL methods for image processing and other technological advancements has increased the scope for the quantitative evaluation of various crop traits. The ability to detect and characterize wheat heads in the industry is an important part of the wheat breeding process for selecting high-yielding cultivars. The proposed method uses the Mask region-based convolutional neural network (RCNN) framework to detect and classify the wheat ears. The complete detection task is done in three steps: region proposal generation, region of interest alignment, and mask generation. The global wheat head detection (GWHD) dataset is used for the experimental analysis of the dataset. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 95.11% on the GWHD dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness in wheat head detection and classification tasks.
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Fong, Z. H., and Bill Chung-Biau Tsay. "A Study on the Tooth Geometry and Cutting Machine Mechanisms of Spiral Bevel Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 113, no. 3 (1991): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912788.
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The tooth geometry and cutting machine mechanisms of spiral bevel gears are investigated. Based on the kinematics of titled head cutter, machine cradle, sliding base and work head, the matrix presentation of spiral bevel gear’s tooth geometry are developed. The relations between the parameters of the proposed mathematical model and the machine settings of existing spiral bevel gear cutting machines are also investigated. The tilt of head cutter axis, motion of generation, helical motion of sliding base, and nongenerating cutting of spiral bevel gears are taken into consideration. An example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed mathematical model.
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Sergeev, Anton, Viktor Bokov, and Vitaly Shmelov. "Multi-Module Electroerosion Head for arc Dimensional Processing." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 1, no. 8(39) (2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2023.8(39).1.28-36.
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In modern conditions at repair plants and workshops, there is a need to process various parts from hard-to-machine materials, for example, from G13 steel, hardened steels and hard alloys. When implementing electropulse processing, the process is accompanied by mandatory pauses that negatively affect processing performance. A distinctive feature of the arc dimensional processing method, compared to electric pulse processing, is a significantly higher processing productivity (approximately by an order of magnitude or more), but stationary machines are massive, difficult to manufacture, occupy a large area and are very expensive. Therefore, only some of them are used for repair work. In addition, portable EDM machines and heads implementing the ROD process are used for repair work, but they have a narrow technological purpose. The purpose of the research is to expand the technological capabilities of the head without significantly increasing its cost due to the use of multi-module equipment. Conceptually, the problem is solved in a well-known electroerosion head of arc dimensional processing (module 1) with a working fluid station and a power source with technological current based on a desktop drilling machine due to the fact that the table for the machine is made in the form of a container in which one or two additional mobile modules are stored of another technological purpose, for example, module 2 for dimensional arc processing of bodies of rotation, which is installed on a lathe instead of a cutter, and module 3 for dimensional arc processing of holes in large-sized parts, which is made autonomously in the form of a portable EDM machine, and all modules are powered by one working fluid station and one power source with process current, but do not work simultaneously. The concept of the electroerosion multi-module head for dimensional processing of the arc, which includes the composition, general technical description and module connection diagrams, has been developed. It is shown that the use of an EDM head for dimensional processing with an arc with a working fluid station and a power source with a technological current based on a desktop drilling machine allows you to expand its technological capabilities due to the use of a multi-module processing principle without significantly increasing the cost of equipment.
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Md Salleh, Salihatun, Erween Abdul Rahim, Imran H. Ghazali, et al. "Hand-Arm Vibration Analysis of Palm Oil Fruit Harvester Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.621.
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The objective of this study is to determine the vibration value of Palm Oil Harvester Machine or CANTAS motorized cutter profile. The CANTAS machines have been divided into twelve nodes and hand arm vibration measurements are taken for idle and full throttle operation. Three cutting heads provided by MPOB have been measured for comparison purposes. The hand-arm vibration values for Type A Cutting head achieves (3.89±1.10) m/s2 for idle condition and (10.71±2.88) m/s2 for full throttle condition. Meanwhile Type B Cutting Head achieves (3.63±0.87) m/s2 for idle condition and (11.22±1.74) m/s2 for full throttle condition. Type C of Cutting Head yields (3.51±0.82) m/s2 for idle condition and (15.54±3.81) m/s2 for full throttle condition along the structure. The results also shows which points depicted highest vibration level during idle (no operation, ideally from tree to tree) and full throttle (overuse operation). These values present the maximum and minimum vibration levels that will be received by the user in daily usage of the machine. design in reducing vibration to the hand-arm of the user.
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Min, R., QL Zhang, and JY Qin. "Mechanical analysis of shield machine cutter head under multiple working conditions based on elastoplastic model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2181, no. 1 (2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2181/1/012026.
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Abstract The shield machine’s ability to simultaneously cut soft soil and hard rock makes it widely used in subway tunnels, diversion tunnels and other underground engineering constructions. As the core component of the composite shield machine, the shield cutter head has a decisive effect on the work efficiency of the shield machine. When the cutter head of the shield machine is working, the positive pressure of the cutter head directly affects the working performance of the shield machine. However, when the shield machine is working, the positive pressure of its cutter head has been influenced by many factors. Therefore, the problems of evaluating positive pressure of shield machine cutter head and optimizing structure of machine cutter heat are needed. In this study, the force balance equation has been used to derive the calculation formula of the positive pressure of the soil on the cutter head. This formula can analyze the positive pressure value of the cutter head under various working conditions under different friction coefficients. At the same time, this research uses Hypermesh software to integrate the cutter head body and the force transmission ring, and uses ANSYS statics simulation analysis method to perform mechanical calculations on the shield machine cutter head. The analysis of the cutter head is 1/6, 1/3, and 1/2 effect of soil on the cutter head when the rotor is locked, and the overall stress distribution of the cutter head is analyzed to optimize the structure design of the cutter head.
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Raval, Shreeom, Harshil Raval, Darshit Seta, and Rathour Anilkumar. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI SPINDLE DRILLING MACHINE." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering VII, no. VI (2020): 299–304. https://doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2020.v0706.003.
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This paper discusses the case study and comparison with productivity of component using traditional drilling machine to Multi spindle drilling machine. The growth of Indian manufacturing sector depends upon many factors, one of the major factors being manufacturing efficiency with which the operation /activities are carried out in the organization. Productivity can be improved by reducing the total machining time, combining the operations, etc. There are frequent needs of tightening and loosening screws, drilling, tapping, boring and grinding operational machines. Huge and complicated designed parts cannot be machined in ordinary machines. In a single machine all the above specified operations can be carried out after drilling operation by removing of drill head and using the required tools like grinding, tapping can etc. By this we can achieve our industrial requirements and production targets. Here we are going to develop a single multi spindle drilling machine which can useful for drilling multiholes and tapping operations in single setup of work piece.
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Karthi V, Arun G, Dinesh Kumar M, Eshwar M, and Ajith S. "Design & Fabrication of Quad Processing Machine." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 3 (2023): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.024.
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In this project, the quad processing machine for cutting, shaping, grinding and drilling machines is kept to be in same attachment. This eliminates the risk of material handling and to the machine table. This unit is driven by 0.25 H.P. three phase motor of 1440 rpm. This is linked with the cast-iron (CI) slider. This enables the slide to get the rotation movement into reciprocating motion having a stroke length of 75mm. The head of the slotting can be tilted to be getting the shaping machine at a desired angle. The head is welded to the slider at the bottom edge. In this machine there can be one operation will be done which is slotting or shaping operation. In the tool head, a slot & tapped holes are provided for holding the tool. According to the height of the job the head can be moved up or down by means of column and can be fixed using a clamp provided. If a table with a machine vice having longitudinal moment is attached to the machine, the setup can be used for machining slots and shaper in small jobs like pulleys etc. Instead of MS sheet, if CI is used for body and other parts it will have longer life, less friction, better lubrication and the production cost will also be low. This machine can also be used for production of small washers by punching if suitable dies and brake arrangement are fixed.
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Krauze, Krzysztof, Kamil Mucha, Tomasz Wydro, and Ryszard Klempka. "Assessment of the Structure of Cutting Heads with Regard to the Mining Machine Load Using Proprietary Software." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 6886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196886.
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The cutting heads currently used in longwall shearers, roadheaders, road milling machines and excavators are equipped with cutting tools called picks. The most commonly applied are conical picks, less frequently—radial picks or tangent picks. The picks are detachably mounted in holders installed on the body of the cutting head, to which they are usually welded (shearers) or, less frequently, form-connected (road milling machines). The arrangement of picks and holders (positioning) on the body of the cutting head, according to a previously designed diagram (pick arrangement), enables extraction of the mineral with a specific width (web) and diameter (height). Ideally, the pick arrangement should generate the lowest cutting resistance, which loads the cutting machine. The pick arrangement is characterized by design parameters (number of holders, pitch in the line and between the cutting lines) and kinematic parameters (rotational speed and advance speed). The values of these parameters result mainly from the properties of the mineral and the type of mining machine. Therefore, the correct positioning of the holders on the cutting head and their setting (cutting angles) are vitally important. This applies to both the design and implementation stages. For this purpose, the authors first developed models of pick arrangements and, next, the algorithm and software enabling the determination of cutting resistance, both in terms of the average value and its variation. Then, based on the performed calculations and the obtained results, it can be assessed whether the cutting head and the pick arrangement are properly designed. As a result of the performed calculations and analysis of the test results, the average values of the cutting resistance moment and the cutting machine advance forces were determined. It was found that the proposed pick arrangements are characterized by similar values of moments and forces. The greatest differences were found in the variability of these parameters, which translates into the dynamics of the cutting machine operation.
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Yeh, Fung Huei, Huoy Shyi Tsay, and Chung Chieh Yang. "Computer Aided Design of Auto-Location Head-Controlled Talking Machine for Visually Impaired People with Multiple Disabilities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.7.
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In this paper, the auto-location head-controlled talking machine has been carried out using computer aided design to solve the problem of communication with the outside world for the visually impaired people with multiple disabilities. The talking machine makes use of the infrared ray sensors to receive the signals launched by shaking the infrared ray emitter on their heads. The communication functions of Pinyin, associating Chinese character, debugging error are processed based on the single chip processor 89C52. Then the signals are transmitted into a personal computer through the RS-232 or USB interface. The pronounced software of head-controlled talking machine is created using text-to-speech system to achieve the communication with other people. This study also develops auto-location function by the CCD tracing module to adjust the infrared ray sensor and increase the accuracy of the head-controlled talking machine. The results of this study can improve the ability of communication for visually impaired people with multiple disabilities.
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Norbu, Kinga. "Analysis of Head Rice Recovery using Different Types of Rice Mills for Two Rice Varieties Grown in Two Extreme Rice Growing Altitudes." Bhutanese Journal of Agriculture 5, no. 1 (2022): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5112.
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There have been issues of increased broken rice when farmers finally sell their rice crop, especially in the higher altitudes, and this has always been attributed to the quality of milling machines used. In this study, the head rice recovery of two rice varieties grown in high and low altitudes in Bhutan was assessed in both pre-and post-milling through manually peeling and milling in four different types of rice milling machines, respectively. The head rice recoveries on manual peeling of high and low altitude rice varieties were 54.00±0.41% and 83.68± 0.45%, respectively, and were significantly different at P<0.05. Grain crack percentages were 29.44±0.45% and 5.37±0.45%, respectively, indicating that the climatic conditions had some influence on crack development and head recovery of rice. For machine milling, the rice head recoveries were statistically significant both between varieties and among the milling machines used. The head yield was higher in low attitude variety compared to that of the high altitude one. The friction type machine with 3.32 m/s peripheral velocity gave lower head yield compared to friction type of 1.2 m/s and rubber roller type I and II milling machines. This study recommends improving the drying method presently practised in high altitudes by not laying the paddy on the ground after harvest to avoid exposure of harvested paddy to extreme day and night temperature fluctuation. The use of lower peripheral speed rice milling machines and rubber rollers is recommended to increase head yield.
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Shlaev, K. "VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF THE ANGULAR MILLING HEAD FOR TECHNICAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 9, no. 6 (2024): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2024-9-6-106-113.
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To expand the technological capabilities of machine tools in manufacturing processes, additional equipment is used - angular milling heads. Such equipment enhances the efficiency of the machine tool but also influences its dynamic characteristics. The installation of additional equipment affects the reliability of the machine tool because another element is added to its structure, which has mass and flexibility and also contains joints between parts. Currently, the timing of technical maintenance is mainly determined based on the experience of specialists responsible for the condition of the equipment. An important task is the evaluation of methods that allow assessing the technical condition of angular heads. The paper examines the application of impulse excitation and vibration analysis methods for assessing the technical condition of the MultiTec3000AT angular milling head during its operation on the Multitec Vertical Bridge Mill. A comprehensive diagnostic methodology for angular heads is considered, allowing to plan the date of maintenance or repair based on their technical condition. The spectrum of vibration signals from accelerometers recorded during idle operation and cutting is obtained and analyzed. An assessment of the condition of the components of the angular head is carried out. The frequency response function of the head and vibration diagrams along two axes (XY diagrams) are constructed. A comparison of the spectrum of the angular head signal during cutting and idle operation is performed.
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Nakanishi, Kenichi, Manabu Sawada, and Jiro Sakamoto. "A Newly Developed Multi-Axis Controlled Turning Machine Equipped with a Swing Type Turret Head." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 6 (2015): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0707.
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In order to improve the productivity and flexibility of the conventional turning machines, multi-tasking turning machines are developed to simultaneously perform several machining operations. In this study, a multi-axis controlled turning machine equipped with a swing-type B-axis turret head is developed that allows multiple turning processes to be performed. In particular, the structural design of the turret head is discussed in detail.
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Dolgui, A., N. Guschinsky, and G. Levin. "A design of DSS for mass production machining systems." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 57, no. 3 (2009): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-010-0128-x.
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A design of DSS for mass production machining systemsIn this paper, we present a decision support tool (DSS) for preliminary design of transfer machines with rotary or mobile tables. In these transfer machines, the machining operations are executed on working positions equipped by standard multi-spindle heads. A part is sequentially machined onmworking positions and is moved from one position to the next using a rotary or a mobile table. The operations are grouped into blocks, where the operations of the same block are simultaneously performed by one multi-spindle head. At the preliminary design stage, the goal is to select the number of working positions and to decide which spindle heads will be installed minimizing the machine cost while respecting a given production rate. The paper presents the overall approach and depicts mathematical and decision-support methods developed and implemented in a software for the optimization of preliminary design (or reconfiguration) of such machining systems.
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Macura, Wiktor K. "n-Skip Turing Machines." Complex Systems 15, no. 3 (2005): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25088/complexsystems.15.3.237.
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A Turing Machine's head is limited to moving one cell in either direction on the tape for a given iteration. We investigate a form of Turing Machine where the head is allowed to move n cells in either direction. We find that such Turing Machines, named n-Skip Turing Machines, are capable of exhibiting complex behavior for simple initial conditions with two states and two colors.
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Li, Wei Min, Jian Huang, and Guang Liang Lu. "Structure and Design Research for 200L Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.721.
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On the basis of traditional hollow blow molding machine head, this paper researches the accumulating corner style machine head. This kind of machine head employs double layers and double spiral flow channels which solve the intensity problem of the large scale blow molding machine with single spiral flow channel on the fusion seam area. His paper researched the technological parameter and structure size based on the structural style.
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Yun, Hyeongu, Taegwan Kang, and Kyomin Jung. "Analyzing and Controlling Inter-Head Diversity in Multi-Head Attention." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041548.
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Multi-head attention, a powerful strategy for Transformer, is assumed to utilize information from diverse representation subspaces. However, measuring diversity between heads’ representations or exploiting the diversity has been rarely studied. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze inter-head diversity of multi-head attention by applying recently developed similarity measures between two deep representations: Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis (SVCCA) and Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA). By doing so, we empirically show that multi-head attention does diversify representation subspaces of each head as the number of heads increases. Based on our analysis, we hypothesize that there exists an optimal inter-head diversity with which a model can achieve better performance. To examine our hypothesis, we deeply inspect three techniques to control the inter-head diversity; (1) Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion regularizer among representation subspaces, (2) Orthogonality regularizer, and (3) Drophead as zero-outing each head randomly in every training step. In our experiments on various machine translation and language modeling tasks, we show that controlling inter-head diversity leads to the best performance among baselines.
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Chen, Shao Hsien, Chin Mou Hsu, Kuo Lin Chiu, and Chu Peng Chan. "Research on High Performance Direct-Driving Motor Applied to Swivel Spindle Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.874.
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Swivel spindle head is a key component used in five-axis machine tool of high performance and is of great importance in application and design. Nowadays, more and more components are manufactured by high performance multi-axis CNC machine tools, such as components of spaceflight, renewable energy and automobile, etc. Therefore, high performance machine tools of multiple axes are more and more urgently demanded, while Swivel spindle head is one of the most important components for a multi-axis machine tool. Hence, Swivel spindle head is one of the key to developers multi-axis machine tool . The study explores the highly responsive direct-driving motor able to drive the spindle head to rotate with multi-driving rotary technology. The dual-driving motor rotates via multi-driving units, generates torsion that magnifies and eliminates its clearance, and then drives the spindle head to rotate. Results of the test show that the completed machine tool can meet the standards of dual axis rotary head with high preformation in, no matter, speed, distance, positional accuracy, repeated accuracy or maximum torque, etc.
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Bielawski, Piotr. "Marine Propulsion System Vibration Sensor Heads." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (2018): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0092.
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Abstract Vibration symptoms are the main symptoms used for diagnosing machines. This applies mainly to vibrations of non-rotating machines. Symptoms of rotating element vibrations are used in a limited scope, while mostly used are the symptoms of radial vibrations of rotating shafts. Across industries, the use of technical vibration diagnosis varies. Marine propulsion systems are poorly equipped with diagnostic equipment of that type. One of the main reasons is lack of appropriate sensors. The study presents two solutions of sensor heads. One solution applies to a sensor head built into the free end of the crankshaft of a reciprocating machine. The shaft free end sensor allows measurement of torsional and longitudinal vibration accelerations of the free end as a function of shaft rotation. The other solution refers to a sensor head built into sealed slide bearing of a straight shaft. The slide bearing head enables measurement of the eccentricity to the journal relative to the shell. Sensor heads under consideration are particularly suitable to be built in the ship’s propulsion system and integrated with the ship’s maintenance system. Sensors of the ship’s maintenance system equipped with these heads will allow the operator to draw conclusions concerning the wear margins of the propulsion engine and that of the tail shaft.
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Rane, Mandar. "Audience Engagement Monitoring System Using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 4160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62154.
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Abstract: Effective communication in educational and presentation settings relies heavily on audience engagement. To address this, we propose a novel Real-Time Audience Engagement Monitoring System that leverages computer vision and real-time data analysis techniques. The system employs a multi-step process, beginning with face detection and facial landmark detection to identify audience members and analyze their head movements. Utilizing OpenCV and MediaPipe libraries, the system estimates the pose of audience members' heads, allowing for the calculation of attention scores based on head movements and facial orientation. These attention scores are then streamed in real-time using Socket.IO to a Node.js/Express.js server, which serves as a central hub for data distribution. The server disseminates the attention scores to multiple dashboard applications, where speakers and educators can monitor audience engagement throughout the session. This research presents a comprehensive approach to assessing and enhancing audience engagement in real-time, providing valuable insights for improving communication and learning outcomes.
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Stepanov, Mykhailo, Petro Litovchenko, Larysa Ivanova, and Maryna Ivanova. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF WORKING FLUID TEMPERATURE IN SPINDLE BEARINGS OF CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINES." Bulletin of the National technical university "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" Series: Techniques in a machine industry, no. 1 (July 28, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-004x.2022.1(5).04.
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Experimental studies of the temperature of the working fluid in the spindle bearings of the grinding head of circular grinding machines of different models have been performed. The conditions of the performed experimental researches are described. The influence of ambient temperature and design parameters of grinding head parts on the change of working fluid temperature in the front and rear spindle bearings is considered. It is experimentally proven that the difference in fluid temperatures in the front and rear bearings depends on the operating time of the machine. The time interval of machine operation when thermal equilibrium occurs is set.
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Li, Dongxing, and Zuying Luo. "An Improved Transformer-Based Neural Machine Translation Strategy: Interacting-Head Attention." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2998242.
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Transformer-based models have gained significant advances in neural machine translation (NMT). The main component of the transformer is the multihead attention layer. In theory, more heads enhance the expressive power of the NMT model. But this is not always the case in practice. On the one hand, the computations of each head attention are conducted in the same subspace, without considering the different subspaces of all the tokens. On the other hand, the low-rank bottleneck may occur, when the number of heads surpasses a threshold. To address the low-rank bottleneck, the two mainstream methods make the head size equal to the sequence length and complicate the distribution of self-attention heads. However, these methods are challenged by the variable sequence length in the corpus and the sheer number of parameters to be learned. Therefore, this paper proposes the interacting-head attention mechanism, which induces deeper and wider interactions across the attention heads by low-dimension computations in different subspaces of all the tokens, and chooses the appropriate number of heads to avoid low-rank bottleneck. The proposed model was tested on machine translation tasks of IWSLT2016 DE-EN, WMT17 EN-DE, and WMT17 EN-CS. Compared to the original multihead attention, our model improved the performance by 2.78 BLEU/0.85 WER/2.90 METEOR/2.65 ROUGE_L/0.29 CIDEr/2.97 YiSi and 2.43 BLEU/1.38 WER/3.05 METEOR/2.70 ROUGE_L/0.30 CIDEr/3.59 YiSi on the evaluation set and the test set, respectively, for IWSLT2016 DE-EN, 2.31 BLEU/5.94 WER/1.46 METEOR/1.35 ROUGE_L/0.07 CIDEr/0.33 YiSi and 1.62 BLEU/6.04 WER/1.39 METEOR/0.11 CIDEr/0.87 YiSi on the evaluation set and newstest2014, respectively, for WMT17 EN-DE, and 3.87 BLEU/3.05 WER/9.22 METEOR/3.81 ROUGE_L/0.36 CIDEr/4.14 YiSi and 4.62 BLEU/2.41 WER/9.82 METEOR/4.82 ROUGE_L/0.44 CIDEr/5.25 YiSi on the evaluation set and newstest2014, respectively, for WMT17 EN-CS.
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Robson, David. "The chaos machine in your head." New Scientist 202, no. 2714 (2009): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(09)61715-2.
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Chen, Shao Hsien, Chin Mou Hsu, Kuo Lin Chiu, and Chu Peng Chan. "The Impact of Different Direct-Driving Motor Design on Swivel Spindle Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.791.
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Swivel spindle head is a key component used in gantry type five-axis machine tool of high performance and is of great importance in its application and design. Nowadays, more and more components are manufactured by high precision CNC machine tools, such as components of spaceflight, renewable energy and automobile, etc. Therefore, high precision machine tools of multiple axes are more and more urgently demanded, while dual axis rotary head is one of the most important components for a multi-axis machine tool. Hence, it will be a key to develop dual axis spindle head that meets high precision needs. The study explores the highly responsive direct-driving motor able to drive the spindle head to rotate with multi-driving rotary technology. The dual-driving motor rotates via multi-driving units, generates torsion that magnifies and eliminates its clearance, and then drives the spindle head to rotate. Results of the test show that the completed machine tool can meet the standards of dual axis rotary head with high precision in, no matter, speed, distance, positional accuracy, repeated accuracy or maximum torque, etc.
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Yash, R. Ravande, N.Patil Vaibhav, D. Bedge Sachin, P. Dadibude Prathmesh, and J. Awati Kautuk. "Development of Multi Spindle Drilling Machine to Enhance the Productivity in Sonica Industries, Kagal." Journal of Recent Trends in Mechanics 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739101.
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The productivity and quality gives larger growth to Indian manufacturing sector at larger rate. The productivity of sector depends upon many factors. One of the major factors is efficiency of manufacturing where the operation and other activities are carried out in the organization. Reducing the total machining time, combining the different operations gives better productivity. In the organizations where mass production is carried out in which variety of jobs are less and quantity to be produced is huge it is essential to produce the jobs at faster rates. There is necessary to use special purpose machine rather than general purpose machine. Improving productivity with quality is done by use of special purpose machine. The designing of multi spindle head attachment gives better performance and usefulness to existing drilling machines. This paper deals with development and design of drilling head for cycle time optimization of product. The report gives study of comparison between conventional drilling machines and special purpose drilling machines in terms of time, number of jobs produced and number of operators required.
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Wei, Chen Lung, Hsin Yu Cheng, Chi Yuang Yu, and Yung Chou Kao. "Development of a Virtual Milling Machining Center Simulation System with Switchable Modular Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.343.
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The application of traditional three-axis milling machine center is very popular and the related application technology is also much matured resulting in mechanical components to be machined with good quality. Machine tool has therefore become an inevitable facility in precision manufacturing. Furthermore, the pursuit of higher precision machining has thus demanding five-axis machine tool to be adopted owing to its flexibility and capability in machining more precise mechanical components in shorter time. However, one of the key factors for the popularity in smooth introduction of five-axis machine tool would be based on a very user friendly learning and teaching environment. This is partly because two more rotational axes in a five-axis machine tool could generate very complex toolpath movement that is out of the imagination of a general operator. Furthermore, the price of an industrial five-axis machine tool is not normally affordable by an educational institute; to the worse, the maintenance cost is also very high. There is very high risk for a novice to collide during the learning process and this will generally cause big worry of a teacher. This paper aims for the development of a virtual machining center simulation system with switchable modular components to ease the learning process in getting acquainted with a five-axis machine tool. A five-axis machine tool consists generally of two modules: (1) CNC controller and Operation panel, and (2) machine tool hardware. The developed system will provide the novice with four CNC controller with operation human machine interface (HMI), and three typical types of five-axis machine tool, Head-Head (HH), Head-Table (HT), and Table-Table (TT), are also supported. The developed modularized and switchable machining center simulation system has been successfully developed and is very helpful to both learner and teacher
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Karibasavaraja, D., S. H. Saisumukh, P. Sumanth, R. Rahul, and Chandan S. "A Desing of Fuel Injection Pipe Head Forming Machine." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 1 (2023): 2142–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7635464.
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S ChandanHydraulics is a branch of engineering concerned mainly moving liquids. It is proven to be the most effective and economical system. Nowadays, the forming machine has lot of scope. This machine can do forming of materials with easy. In order to achieve the same, a hydraulic head forming machine is fabricated can extend highest benefits. Hydraulic head forming is a machine to produce compressive force by means of fluid. By using Pascal's law principle. Head forming is extensively employed in many of the fuel pipe industries. Head form working processes make use of large forces by head form tools for a short time interval which results in plastic deformation causes bulging in the head part of the pipe. Since, head forming does not involve heating of the parts, close tolerances and high surface finish can be obtained on the part. Hence in this project to overcome the disadvantage of exiting method such as "Screw Press" implemented and designed fabricated fuel injection pipe head forming machine which reduced production time, production cost, increased product accuracy and laborers work becomes more convenient and increase in the accuracy .there is higher initial cost involved we have tried to make the system cost effective and also add different enhancements to make the system more efficient.
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Dawood, Dr Amina Atiya, and Balasem Alawi Hussain. "Machine Learning for Single and Complex 3D Head Gestures: Classification in Human-Computer Interaction." Webology 19, no. 1 (2022): 1431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19095.
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This paper presents a new Hidden Markov Model based approach for fast and automatic detection and classification of head movements in real time dynamic videos. The model has been developed to utilize human-computer interaction applications by using only the laptop webcam. The proposed model has the ability to predict single head and combined simultaneously in fast responses. Other models paid more attention to classify head nod and shake only, but our model contribute the role of other head movements. The model proposed here doesn’t need any user intervention or previous knowledge of its environment. In addition, there is no limitation on illumination changes and occlusions, as well as no restrictions on head movements ranges. The model achieved significant results and efficient performances when tested on unseen data. As the model accuracies were 94%, 99%, 83%, 87%, 93%, 96% for all head gestures (rest, nod, turn, shake, tilt and tilting) respectively. On the other hand, the model accuracy was 99% and 88% for combined and single cues respectively. The aim of this model is to provide a fast application to infer and predict human emotions and affective states in real time through head gestures.
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Bouyam, Charoenporn, Nannaphat Siribunyaphat, Dollaporn Anopas, May Thu, and Yunyong Punsawad. "Hands-Free Human–Machine Interfaces Using Piezoelectric Sensors and Accelerometers for Simulated Wheelchair Control in Older Adults and People with Physical Disabilities." Sensors 25, no. 10 (2025): 3037. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103037.
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Human–machine interface (HMI) systems are increasingly utilized to develop assistive technologies for individuals with disabilities and older adults. This study proposes two HMI systems using piezoelectric sensors to detect facial muscle activations from eye and tongue movements, and accelerometers to monitor head movements. This system enables hands-free wheelchair control for those with physical disabilities and speech impairments. A prototype wearable sensing device was also designed and implemented. Four commands can be generated using each sensor to steer the wheelchair. We conducted tests in offline and real-time scenarios to assess efficiency and usability among older volunteers. The head–machine interface achieved greater efficiency than the face–machine interface. The simulated wheelchair control tests showed that the head–machine interface typically required twice the time of joystick control, whereas the face–machine interface took approximately four times longer. Participants noted that the head-mounted wearable device was flexible and comfortable. Both modalities can be used for wheelchair control, especially the head–machine interface for patients retaining head movement. In severe cases, the face–machine interface can be used. Moreover, hybrid control can be employed to satisfy specific requirements. Compared to current commercial devices, the proposed HMIs provide lower costs, easier fabrication, and greater adaptability for real-world applications. We will further verify and improve the proposed devices for controlling a powered wheelchair, ensuring practical usability for people with paralysis and speech impairments.
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Valente, Giuseppe, Brent Lanting, Steven MacDonald, Matthew G. Teeter, Douglas Van Citters, and James Howard. "Femoral head material loss at the head-neck junction in total hip arthroplasty: the effect of head size, stem material and stem offset." HIP International 29, no. 6 (2018): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700018814473.
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Introduction:Material loss at the head-neck junction in total hip arthroplasty may cause adverse clinical symptoms and implant failure. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the effects of head size, stem material and stem offset on material loss of the head-neck taper interface of a single trunnion design in retrieval implants of metal on polyethylene bearing surfaces.Methods:A retrieval study was performed to identify all 28-mm and 32-mm femoral heads from a single implant/taper design implanted for >2 years. This included n = 56 of the 28-mm heads and n = 23 of the 32-mm heads. The 28-mm femoral heads were matched to 32-mm femoral heads based on time in vivo and head length. A coordinate measuring machine was used to determine maximum linear corrosion depth (MLD). Differences in MLD for head diameter, stem material, and stem offset were determined.Results:There were no differences between groups for age, gender, BMI, or implantation time. There was no difference in MLD between 28 mm and 32 mm matched paired head diameters ( p = 0.59). There was also no difference in MLD between titanium or cobalt-chromium stems ( p = 0.79), and regular or high-offset stems ( p = 0.95).Conclusion:There is no statistical difference in femoral head MLD at the head-neck junction in THA between 28-mm and 32-mm matched paired femoral heads, similar or mixed alloy coupled femoral head stem constructs, and regular or high offset stems.
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Suwannata, N., D. Sompongse, P. Rakpongsiri, and Apirat Siritaratiwat. "ESD Affected GMR Head Detection by Using Machine Model: Wavelet Transform Technique Approach." Solid State Phenomena 152-153 (April 2009): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.152-153.443.
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This report proposes the wavelet transform technique using the 4th Daubechies order to detect glitches on a magnetic recording head signal in the time-domain. It is found that the glitch occurs when the electrostatic discharged (ESD) level of the machine model (MM) on giant magnetoresistive (GMR) heads is in the range of 6-9 V. The electrical test parameter and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of recording heads shows no change in reader sensor. However, the parameter and SEM results clearly show the visible GMR damage when the MM-ESD voltage (VESD) is 10 V. The glitch in magnetic response signal of the GMR head occurs when the VESD is increased. Therefore, the wavelet transform technique can be a novel instrument to forecast the GMR degradation due to the MM-ESD effect.
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Mei, Yu Tao, and Guang Zhen Cheng. "The Semi-Automatic Drilling Machine for Flange Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 345 (August 2013): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.345.543.
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This paper designed a semi-automatic drilling machine used in flange hole processing. The drilling machine consists of rotary power head, power head straight reciprocating device, rotary indexing table, positioning clamping device. Rotary power head is driven by the motor, and realize the rotary motion through the gear driving. Power head straight reciprocating device, rotary indexing table, positioning clamping device driven by the hydraulic cylinder, to achieve the semi-automatic of the flange hole processing cooperate with the PLC sequence control function. It has short design cycle, low investment, high efficiency and smooth hydraulic actuator with the generic parts of modular machine tool. Combined with programmable controller to realize the sequence control. And it will be easy to operate, operate reliable and with high efficiency.
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Li, Xinggao, Yi Yang, Xingchun Li, and Hongzhi Liu. "Criteria for Cutting Head Clogging Occurrence during Slurry Shield Tunneling." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031001.
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Cutting head clogging is more frequently encountered as more tunnels are being excavated by slurry shield machines. So establishing criteria for cutting head clogging occurrence based on the machine driving parameters is of great engineering significance. Three construction cases of the Beijing south-to-north water diversion auxiliary project, the Jinan Huanghe River Crossing tunnel construction, and the Wuhan Metro Line 8 Yangtze River Crossing tunnel construction, are introduced. Development of the main driving parameters in the construction cases, including the total thrust, the cutting head torque, the advance rate, and the cutting head rotation speed of the tunneling machines before, during, and after the cutting head clogging, are presented and analyzed. The fact is that the total thrust and the cutting head torque of tunneling machines will increase, or will not, once the cutting head clogging occurs. It is recommended to take two combined parameters of total thrust/penetration depth and cutting head torque/penetration depth into account to judge whether the cutting head clogging will occur or not. The maximum increases of the composite parameters by 2–6 times are found in the construction cases. But for the minimum increase, a 30–50% increase of the composite parameter should be noted. The findings can be of great help for similar projects.
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Liu, Yi, Qiang Fang, and Yinglin Ke. "Hybrid Position/Force Control for Dual-Machine Drilling and Riveting System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 24, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3493715.
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The deformation of riveting machine caused by riveting force during rivet formed makes the riveting tool out of positioning, which leads to gapping underneath the rivet manufactured head and insufficient rivet drive head. This paper proposes a hybrid position/force riveting control method for the dual-machine drilling and riveting system to eliminate the negative effects of machine deformation. The cooperative work of two-side machine tool is realized by a hybrid position/force control strategy, which compensates for the force-induced deformation error without an accurate stiffness model of the riveting system. The position of pressing foot relative to the machine which represents the deformation of skin-side machine is obtained for the compensation to the displacement of skin-side actuator. Simultaneously, the advanced force control is adopted for the stringer-side actuator. The dynamics model of the stringer-side actuator in consideration of the machine deformation is established and identified. The disturbance observer (DOB) and feedforward controller are introduced as the model-based control algorithm to achieve the high-performance force control. Also, contrast experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed riveting control method. The results show that the rivet manufactured head can be seated in the countersink during the forming process and the gapping under the head is eliminated. The driven head height tolerance of ±0.1 mm is achieved by accurate force control.
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David, Etienne, Simon Madec, Pouria Sadeghi-Tehran, et al. "Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) Dataset: A Large and Diverse Dataset of High-Resolution RGB-Labelled Images to Develop and Benchmark Wheat Head Detection Methods." Plant Phenomics 2020 (August 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/3521852.
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The detection of wheat heads in plant images is an important task for estimating pertinent wheat traits including head population density and head characteristics such as health, size, maturity stage, and the presence of awns. Several studies have developed methods for wheat head detection from high-resolution RGB imagery based on machine learning algorithms. However, these methods have generally been calibrated and validated on limited datasets. High variability in observational conditions, genotypic differences, development stages, and head orientation makes wheat head detection a challenge for computer vision. Further, possible blurring due to motion or wind and overlap between heads for dense populations make this task even more complex. Through a joint international collaborative effort, we have built a large, diverse, and well-labelled dataset of wheat images, called the Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) dataset. It contains 4700 high-resolution RGB images and 190000 labelled wheat heads collected from several countries around the world at different growth stages with a wide range of genotypes. Guidelines for image acquisition, associating minimum metadata to respect FAIR principles, and consistent head labelling methods are proposed when developing new head detection datasets. The GWHD dataset is publicly available at http://www.global-wheat.com/and aimed at developing and benchmarking methods for wheat head detection.
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Stephen, Christopher, Vivek Guguloth, Kumaraswamy Sivasailam, Yandong Gu, Richa Parmar, and Chandan Banerjee. "Prediction of cavitation using machine learning techniques on centrifugal pump." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2854, no. 1 (2024): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2854/1/012014.
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Abstract When the local static pressure drops below the fluid’s vapour pressure at that particular temperature, a dynamic process known as cavitation takes place in the liquid. Due to cavitation, the performance (total head and flow rate) of the pump will deteriorate, and hence the vibration and noise will develop. Both the performance and cavitation investigations are carried out for a low-specific-speed pump as per the testing standards. The results obtained during cavitation studies are extracted to train the machine learning algorithms. The flow rate, speed, torque, suction head, and delivery head are considered as input variables for machine learning, with total head, Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH), efficiency, and noise magnitude being output variables. The current studies employ four machine learning techniques: random forest, support vector machines, extreme gradient boosting, and linear regression. In the analysis, notable performance was observed for the random forest and extreme gradient boosting algorithms among others consistently demonstrated superior predictive capabilities for the output parameters of the pumps. For linear regression, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting, the coefficient correlation values are around one for all output parameters except for noise. Similar observation is depicted for coefficient of determination and normalized root mean squared error. These ensure the level of noise during cavitation is very dynamic. These findings will enable the pump user to incorporate AI techniques for the diagnosis of centrifugal pump operation with reference to the nominal flow rate (best efficiency flow). Through this technology, preventive and predictive maintenance of pumps can be adapted with less downtime in process industries, power plants, chemical industries, oil and gas refineries, and so on.
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Shaw, Dein, and Chun Wei Lai. "CAD/CAM for Five-Axis Printing Machine." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.201.
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In this study, CAD/CAM system for a 5-axis printing machine was developed. The configuration of 5-axis printing machine is based on the 5-axis CNC milling machine; the spindle of the 5-axis CNC milling machine was replaced by a commercial printer. CAD software was first used to develop a three dimensional model, after that a color figure which will be printed on a freeform surface was applied on the surface of that three dimensional model. Then the printing paths of the 5-axis printing machine were generated by using mapping transformation. Furthermore, the distance between the print head and the curved printing surface is an important factor which affects the printing quality. It is also noted that any two points on the surface of the print head have different distances with the curved surface, it is necessary to keep these distances in a certain range of acceptable printing quality. Therefore, the range of good printing quality distance was measured. The height and width of the region which the print head print at one printing step were limited by the good printing quality distance. If the curvature of surface is too large (the distance between print head and curved surface is depend on the curvature of the surface), only the region which had good printing quality was printed. The unprinted area was printed after the print head rotated and translated to a proper position.
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Fan, Jinwei, Changjun Wu, and Zhongsheng Li. "A novel geometric error identification methodology for the tilting head of five-axis machine tools based on double ball bar." MATEC Web of Conferences 221 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822104001.
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The paper proposes a novel geometric error identification methodology for the tilting head of five-axis machine tools using double ball bar(DBB).Firstly, based on the motion condition of the tilting head of five-axis machine tools, three measurement patterns in Y direction, X direction and Z direction are proposed respectively. Then, the relative displacement equations of two balls of DBB in three measurement patterns are established respectively on the basis of homogeneous transform matrix (HTM) and multi-body system (MBS) theory. Finally, the geometric error parameters of the tilting head are identified totally. The presented method is universal and provides a reference for the error identification for the tilting head of five-axis machine tools.
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Abdul Muchlis, Sandy Suryady, and Aprianto Nugroho. "Frame Head Production Process In Category 3 Frame Chassis At Pt. Prime Dual Core." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 5 (2021): 1780–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i5.357.
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The frame is the main component of the chassis that functions to withstand shock, pressure and vibration when operating on the road. The chassis frame is made of SS400 material which has a good level of strength to withstand static loads, the Frame Chassis formation process uses a cold working process. This writing aims to determine the production process of the Frame Head on the Frame Chassis category 3 as well as knowing the machines used in the Frame Head production process and knowing the total tonnage required for the 400 ton Stamping machine in the blanking and piercing process on the Crossmember 0101 part, from observations that have been made. it was done that to carry out the Frame Head production process on Frame Chassis category 3, through the process of forming material or forming with the blanking, piercing, and bending methods using a 300 ton to 500 ton stamping machine, then continued with the unification process using a GMAW welding machine ( Gas Metal Arc Welding), then continued with the painting process using powder coating with the dipping method for 2 minutes, and in the Crossmember 0101 forming part process using a 400 ton Stamping machine, the total tonnage of the blanking and piercing cutting force was obtained on the Crossmember 0101 part (added with backup/strippin style g force) is 470.069 Tons.
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Wang, Xiaoyu, and Dajun Yuan. "Research on the Interaction between the Pile and Shield Machine in the Process of Cutting a Reinforced Concrete Pile Foundation." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010245.
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As the urban underground space environment gets more complex, the cases of shield machines encountering and cutting through piles are becoming more common. The interaction between the cutter head and pile foundation directly affects the tunneling performance of the shield machine and the safety of the existing structure. To study the interaction between the pile and the shield machine, a calculation model of the interaction force is established. A field test of cutting two piles was conducted and the rationality of the model is verified by comparing the calculation results with field test data. The model is applied in the project of a shield machine cutting bridge piles in Harbin Metro Line 3, China. The shield operation parameters are predicted and compared with field test results. Besides, the impacts of cutting surface width and eccentric distance on interaction force are discussed. The study shows that there is a significant interaction between the cutter head and the piles when the shield machine cuts reinforced concrete piles, which causes obvious changes in the shield operation parameters and shield performance. The number of tools that are inside the cutting area has a significant effect on the additional torque. The additional torque fluctuates with the rotation of cutter head and increases with the increase of the number of tools. The number of these tools is determined by factors such as the layout of tools in the cutter head, cutting surface width and eccentric distance, which influence the position of each tool relative to the cutting area. As the cutting distance increase, the additional torque of the cutter head shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing and reaches the maximum value when the cutting distance reaches the radius of the pile. Besides, the additional force and additional moment of the cutter head increase with the increase of the cutting surface width. The impacts of eccentric distance on additional force and additional moment are complicated. The results in this paper can provide reference for similar engineering.
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Bielawski, Piotr Jan. "Diagnosing the Machine Set Rotor Using Its Relative Vibrations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115660.
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The efficiency and dependability of machine set depends on the quality of maintenance of functional units of the machine set rotor. Diagnosing the functional units of the machine set can significantly increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the maintenance of the machine set. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the separation of the machine set rotor and demonstrate the possibility of diagnosing such a functional unit using non-contact measurements of its relative vibrations. The measure of the wear margin of the machine set rotor was analyzed, and the symptoms of this measure were examined. Finally, the configuration of the relative vibration sensors of the machine set rotor was investigated. Three models of the relationship between the wear margin measures and the measures of the machine set rotor symptoms were developed for the machine set rotor with a crankshaft supported in slide bearings. One new sensors head (shaft position sensors head) of the relative vibration of the machine set rotor was designed. In each machine set, the rotor of the machine set can be distinguished. The developed models of relationships and designed sensors head can be used as parts of the diagnostic system of the supported slide bearings rotor of the machine set with the crankshaft.
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BRINKWORTH, B. J., L. S. SNELL, and M. J. SNELL. "HYDROMOTOR: A NOVEL LOW-HEAD HYDRAULIC MACHINE." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Maritime and Energy 130, no. 1 (1998): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iwtme.1998.30225.
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Donguy, Jacques. "Machine Head: Raoul Hausmann and the Optophone." Leonardo 34, no. 3 (2001): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409401750286967.
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Dadaist Raoul Hausmann, famous for his photomontages, is perhaps less well known as a pioneer of synaesthetic machines designed to transform sound into form and vice versa—not unlike primitive computers, in fact. The author has located the patent for one such invention, artist Peter Keene's realization of which accompanies this historical account
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Arelli, Ashritha. "Head Impact Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem49512.
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Abstract - The need of precisely identifying head impacts and putting in place efficient safety measures has been underlined by numerous research investigations.. This study addresses this critical need by leveraging Logistic Regression, a simpler yet highly effective data collected from piezoelectric sensors installed on a model of a simulated cranium using a machine learning technique. We process normalized sensor data using Logistic Regression in a methodical manner with the goal of precisely identifying impact sites. The model achieves an impressive accuracy of 90%, demonstrating its capability to perform well in real-time applications that require quick, interpretable, and computationally efficient predictions. Rigorous evaluation the model's performance is highlighted by employing k-fold cross-validation, while feature importance analysis identifies an optimal sensor placement strategy. This strategy may reduce model complexity, potentially leading to more efficient implementations without compromising predictive accuracy. The strong performance of Logistic Regression, coupled with its simplicity and interpretability, underscores its potential as an ideal solution for head impact detection in safety-critical environments .The results aid in the creation of intelligent safety systems, which combine machine learning and wearable technologies to boost safety and decision-making in both industrial and sporting settings. Key Words: Logistic Regression, piezoelectric sensor, k-fold cross-validation, Machine Learning, wearable technology
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Shi, Bo, Mei Fa Huang, Yong Chen, Ru Kai Hu, Wu Jun Yang, and Jian Sheng Tang. "Finite Element Static Stiffness Analysis of the A/C Axes Bi-Rotary Milling Head." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1195.
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A/C axes bi-rotary milling head is an important functional component in gantry type five-axis CNC machine tool. The static characteristics affect directly the machining accuracy of machine tool. The paper investigates the static stiffness of A/C axes bi-rotary milling head in gantry type five-axis CNC machine tool XK2320-5X developed by a domestic company. Because this product developed depend on the experience of designers, the machining accuracy of A/C axes bi-rotary milling head of primitive XK2320-5X type cannot meet the accuracy requirement under actual working conditions. On the basis of structure design, the static stiffness analysis of the milling head under two working conditions is carried out using finite element method. The deformations of the main mechanical parts in the milling head are obtained. The analysis results indicate that the static stiffness in direction X is the weakest of the milling head and the milling head shell is the most important factor of deformation. The work done provides foundation for further structure design and machining accuracy improvement of A/C axes bi-rotary milling head.
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Joko Susetyo, Kadek Wahyu Mahendra, Kartinasari Ayuhikmatin Sekarjati, and Risma Adelina Simanjuntak. "USULAN PERAWATAN MESIN PRODUKSI CAIRAN DALAM BERDASARKAN ANALISIS METODE RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE (RCM)." Jurnal Rekavasi 13, no. 1 (2025): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.34151/rekavasi.v13i1.5203.
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PT Aksamala Adi Andana is a startup company in the health sector, one of the products produced, namely Vitabumin. the product is produced in the internal liquid product department which uses several production machines with different functions. The machine often experiences damage to cause downtime, so this study aims to propose a maintenance schedule using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method. The results of this study obtained several components of the production machine that must be scheduled for replacement maintenance, including, label shrink steam machine on heating element components every 700 hours, safety valve 500 hours, flexible house 900 hours, steam exhaust 2043 hours, honey pump machine for bearing components every 800 hours, BB04 seal 700 hours, igear boxes 3091 hours. filling machine for nozzle components 800 hours, piston seal 800 hours, valve TG-23 3283 hours. On the capping machine on the spring component 1296 hours, chuks 672. The ink jet machine is in the filter component 2016 hours, and the print head 624 hours. Then for the estimated replacement maintenance costs for a period of one year based on the proposed interval time on the heating element component IDR 14,638,985, valve safety IDR 3,623,673, flexible house IDR 12,620,894, bearing IDR 271,287, seal BB04 IDR 1,877,927, nozzle IDR 13,520,445, and piston seal components IDR 37,828,337. spring IDR 40,000, chuks IDR 320,000, filter IDR 100,000, and print head components IDR 1,100,000.
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Serheiev, Anton, Viktor Bokov, and Vitaly Shmelov. "Improvement of the EDM Head for DIMENSIONAL Treatment of Rods with an Arc on the Basis of a Desktop Drilling Machine." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 54 (2024): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2024.54.47-54.
Full textAbstract:
Modern enterprises use various equipment for the production of rods, for example, hydraulic presses for direct extrusion and metal cutting machines. However, this equipment is not used for the production of rods from hard-to-process materials. In this regard, EDM machines are of some practical interest, as they are more universal and reliable. Electroerosion machines that can be used for the manufacture of rods include electric spark machines, electric pulse machines and machines for dimensional processing by electric arc (ROD - dimensional processing by arc). It is shown that the most productive machines are those implementing the ROD method. However, known machines for ROD rods have a high cost and occupy a large area, and therefore cannot be applied in repair factories and workshops. There are well-known electroerosion heads for dimensional treatment with an arc for metal-cutting equipment. They have a low cost and occupy a small area, but do not provide high-quality and accurate processing of rods. This is due to the fact that the working fluid together with erosion products moves in the end interelectrode gap in the direction from the periphery to the center of the electrode-tool - reverse pumping. As a result of this, the lateral interelectrode gap in the direction of the liquid flow continuously increases, the lateral surface of the rod is shaped like a cone, and its roughness increases. A well-known electroerosion head for dimensional processing with an arc based on a desktop drilling machine. When processing rods, it is adjusted from reverse to direct pumping, in which the working fluid in the end interelectrode gap moves in the direction from the center to the periphery of the electrode-tool. As a result of the fact that the erosion products do not fall into the lateral interelectrode gap, the rod is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the roughness of the treated side surface is noticeably reduced. However, during operation of the known EDM head, the erosion products are not removed from the sealed chamber, but accumulate in it. The latter is due to the fact that the level of intake of the working fluid together with the erosion products in the sealed chamber of the head is much higher than the level of the end interelectrode gap and the erosion products must move upwards. Since there is no hydrodynamic component of upward movement of the particle in the hermetic chamber, after processing each rod, the operator must clean the chamber from erosion products, which is very inconvenient and time-consuming. The purpose of the study is to improve the operational characteristics of the EDM head during ROD of rods due to the creation of conditions for the removal of erosion products from the processing zone. The proposed new EDM head for dimensional treatment of rod arcs on the basis of a table-top drilling machine is supplied with a backing plate through which the working fluid, together with the erosion products, are removed from the treatment zone. Under the influence of gravity, erosion products (metal powder) fall down, and through a channel in which the flow rate is sufficient, are completely removed from the head to the filter, and the purified working fluid is returned to the tank. It is shown that the use of such a head improves operational characteristics and allows the removal of erosion products from the processing area without the use of manual labor.
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Yakimov, Mihail, Aleksandr Denisenko, and Evgeny Lopatin. "IMPROVING THE MANUFACTURABILITY OF THE CARRIAGE OF A TURNING AND SCREW-CUTTING MACHINE WHILE ENSURING THE STABLE SPATIAL POSITION OF THE REVERSAL HEAD." Transport engineering 2025, no. 3 (2025): 4–11. https://doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2025-3-4-11.
Full textAbstract:
The phenomenon of spatial reorientation of the machine reversal head is considered, which introduces additional errors in the machining accuracy. The study objective is to evaluate the influence of some design features of a turning and screw-cutting machine carriage on its torsional stiffness while ensuring stable spatial position of the reversal head. A number of field experiments are carried out on turning machines of 16B16F3 and SAMAT-400SC "Vector" models, as well as numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of the reversal head carriage. Numerical experiments using QE modeling in ANSYS environment for three carriage design options: a basic design, a design with no stiffeners, and a design with no stiffeners and heel. The result analysis shows that the removal of stiffeners and heels from the basic carriage design in order to improve manufacturability leads to a slight decrease in the torsional stiffness of the carriage bridge and, as a result, to an increase in the error of reorientation of the reversal head. However, compared to the basic carriage design, this reduction is insignificant and the proposed improvement in the manufacturability of the carriage, while excluding stiffeners and heels from the design, can be implemented.