Relevant bibliographies by topics / Machine-tools Spindles (Machine-tools)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Machine-tools Spindles (Machine-tools)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Machine-tools Spindles (Machine-tools)"

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Yamazaki, Taku, Toshiyuki Muraki, Atsushi Matsubara, Mitsuho Aoki, Kenji Iwawaki, and Kazuyuki Kawashima. "Development of a High-Performance Spindle for Multitasking Machine Tools." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 4 (2009): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0378.

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In recent years, high-performance spindles are required for multi-tasking machine tools to enhance the productivity. Such spindles enable efficient rough cutting and fine finishing of a workpiece on one machine. In order to meet this requirement, a spindle unit must be highly stiff and operate at high rotational. Spindle specifications require a rotational number of 50,000min-1 and dN value of 3,000,000, a smaller motor was downsized and an electric loss restrained by reducing the thickness of laminate sheets composing the rotor core. A direct-injection type of ultra trace quantity lubrication and a preload switching system were used for ball bearings for high rotational speed and high stiffness. We discuss how these technical requirements were met and the results of basic experiments.
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Yagyu, Shinsuke, Shinji Shimizu, and Noboru Imai. "Mechanism of Thermal Deviation Characteristic in Spindle System of Machine Tools." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 3 (2008): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0191.

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Thermal deviation in machine tools often caused by spindle rotation, feed motion, or environment temperature change has been widely studied but most of these studies have concentrated on improving or compensating for thermal deviation. No study has covered generating mechanism of thermal deviation, however, and guidelines remain to be established for improving their design. We studied thermal deviation in the spindles of machine tools and propose a thermal deviation model in the spindle taking into consideration the generation mechanism, finding that: (1) The thermal time constant that differs between spindle speed-up and slow-down occurs due to a large difference in the heat capacity of each spindle component. (2) The thermal time constant that decreases with increasing spindle speed occurs due the effect of heat capacity or the heat transfer rate of spindle components.
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Tung, Pham Dinh, Sam Sang You, Nguyen Ngoc Nam, and Sang Do Lee. "Dynamical analysis for the motorised spindles of machine tools." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 22, no. 3/4 (2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmm.2020.10028414.

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Nam, Nguyen Ngoc, Sang Do Lee, Sam Sang You, and Pham Dinh Tung. "Dynamical analysis for the motorised spindles of machine tools." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 22, no. 3/4 (2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmm.2020.107055.

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Sawamura, Ryota, Shinya Ikenaga, and Atsushi Matsubara. "Development of Dynamic Loading Device for Rotating Spindle of Machine Tools." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.544.

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High performance milling spindles, which have high rigidity and high speed, are required for high productive machining. In order to evaluate the rigidity change of the spindle, authors has been developed a magnetic loading device. This device provides attractive force in radial direction to a dummy tool attached to a spindle. By using this device, the static stiffness of the rotating spindle has been successfully evaluated. However the loading rate could not be controlled due to the electric response lag caused by the magnetic field. To solve this problem, electric response of the coil-tool system with the air gap is analyzed and the dynamic response is estimated. The air-gap's influence on the load was also evaluated. Based on the analysis, a dynamic loading test is designed carried out for the measurement of the rigidity of a machine tool spindle.
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Brecher, C. Prof, S. Neus, H. M. Eckel, T. Motschke, and M. Fey. "Frequenzgangmessung an Spindeln unter Drehzahl*/FRF Measurement on rotating spindles." wt Werkstattstechnik online 107, no. 05 (2017): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2017-05-14.

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Das statische und dynamische Verhalten von Hauptspindelsystemen ist über Nachgiebigkeitsfrequenzgänge beschreibbar. Dabei beeinflussen Drehzahleffekte die dynamischen Nachgiebigkeiten des Systems Werkzeug – Werkzeugschnittstelle – Spindel maßgeblich. Dieser Fachartikel beschreibt eine Methodik zur messtechnischen Ermittlung von Nachgiebigkeitsfrequenzgängen an rotierenden Spindeln mit absoluter sowie relativer Kraftanregung in Verbindung mit berührungsloser Verlagerungsmessung.   The static and dynamic behavior of main spindles in machine tools can be described via Frequency Response Functions (FRFs). Dynamic compliances of the system tool-interface-spindle are decisively influenced by rotational speed effects. This technical article describes a methodology for FRF measurement of rotating spindles with absolute and relative force excitation in conjunction with non-contact displacement measurement.
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Shamine, D. M., S. W. Hong, and Y. C. Shin. "Experimental Identification of Dynamic Parameters of Rolling Element Bearings in Machine Tools." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 1 (1998): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482432.

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In-situ identification is essential for estimating bearing joint parameters involved in spindle systems because of the inherent interaction between the bearings and spindle. This paper presents in-situ identification results for rolling element bearing parameters involved in machine tools by using frequency response functions (FRF’s). An indirect estimation technique is used for the estimation of unmeasured FRF’s, which are required for identification of joint parameters but are not available. With the help of an index function, which is devised for indicating the quality of estimation or identification at a particular frequency, the frequency region appropriate for identification is selected. Experiments are conducted on two different machine tool spindles. Repeatable and accurate joint coefficients are obtained for both machine tool systems. [S0022-0434(00)02501-6]
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Chan, Tzu-Chi, Ze-Kai Jian, and Yu-Chuan Wang. "Study on the Digital Intelligent Diagnosis of Miniature Machine Tools." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188372.

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Several industries are currently focusing on smart technologies, high customization, and the integration of solutions. This study focuses on the intelligent diagnosis of digital small machine tools. Furthermore, the main technology processes and cases for smart manufacturing for machine tool applications are introduced. Owing to the requirements of automated processing to determine the quality of a process in advance, the health status of a machine should be monitored in real time, and machine abnormalities should be detected periodically. In this study, we captured the real-time signals of temperature, spindle current, and the vibration of three small five-axis machine tools. Moreover, we used a principal component analysis to diagnose and compare the health status of the spindles and machines. We developed a miniature machine tool health monitoring application to avoid time delays and loss from damage, and used the application to monitor the machine health online under an actual application. Therefore, the technology can also be used in an online diagnosis of machine tools through modeling technology, allowing the user to monitor trends in the machine health. This research provides a feasible method for monitoring machine health. We believe that the intelligent functions of machine tools will continue to increase in the future.
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Choi, Chi-Hyuk, and Choon-Man Lee. "A variable preload device using liquid pressure for machine tools spindles." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 13, no. 6 (2012): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-012-0131-2.

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Kondo, Ryo, Daisuke Kono, and Atsushi Matsubara. "Evaluation of Machine Tool Spindle Using Carbon Fiber Composite." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 2 (2020): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0294.

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Spindle is one of the most important component of machine tools because spindle’s performance including thermal property and dynamic property greatly influences the accuracy and productivity in machining process. This study investigates the effect of the application of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) to the spindle shaft on the performance of machine tool spindles. CFRP and steel spindle shafts with the same geometry were developed for fair comparison. Thermal and dynamic properties of the developed shaft and spindle unit were evaluated and compared. The experimental and simulation results showed that the CFRP spindle shaft improved the axial thermal displacement and dynamic stiffness. The axial thermal displacement was decreased to 1/3 of that of the steel spindle. The compliance was also decreased to 1/2. The design of the thermal displacement distribution around the bearing should be an important issue in the CFRP spindle for the thermal stability of the dynamic property.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Machine-tools Spindles (Machine-tools)"

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Hong, Cefu. "Error Calibration on Five-axis Machine Tools by Relative Displacement Measurement between Spindle and Work Table." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157572.

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Skládaný, Jakub. "Volba řezných nástrojů, podmínek a obráběcího stroje pro soustružení cívek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241670.

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The purpose of work is to provide a manufacturing processes, cutting and machine tools for machining of small parts. The proposals are designed for high volume production with a maximum productivity. The first half is largely nature of the search, which analyzes issue of tools and machines for production of rotary parts. Further proposals are developed manufacturing processes for different types of machines including multi-spindle lathes. The main result of this work is to determine appropriate type of machine for the production of specified parts.
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彭森榮. "The Study of the Development Strategy for the Industry of Precision Spindles for Machine Tools." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45403733670224162731.

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Govender, André. "Development of a condition monitoring philosophy for a pulverised fuel vertical spindle mill." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21156.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg 2016<br>The quantity and particle size distribution of pulverised coal supplied to combustion equipment downstream of coal pulverising plants are critical to achieving safe, reliable and efficient combustion. These two key performance indicators are largely dependent on the mechanical condition of the pulveriser. This study aimed to address the shortfalls associated with conventional time-based monitoring techniques by developing a comprehensive online pulveriser condition monitoring philosophy. A steady-state Mill Mass and Energy Balance (MMEB) model was developed from first principles for a commercial-scale coal pulveriser to predict the raw coal mass flow rate through the pulveriser. The MMEB model proved to be consistently accurate, predicting the coal mass flow rates to within 5 % of experimental data. The model proved to be dependent on several pulveriser process variables, some of which are not measured on a continuous basis. Therefore, the model can only function effectively on an industrial scale if it is supplemented with the necessary experiments to quantify unmeasured variables. Moreover, a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model based on the physical geometry of a coal pulveriser used in the power generation industry was developed to predict the static pressure drop across major internal components of the pulveriser as a function of the air flow through the pulveriser. Validation of the CFD model was assessed through the intensity of the correlation demonstrated between the experimentally determined and numerically calculated static pressure profiles. In this regard, an overall incongruity of less than 5 % was achieved. Candidate damage scenarios were simulated to assess the viability of employing the static pressure measurements as a means of detecting changes in mechanical pulveriser condition. Application of the validated pulveriser CFD model proved to be highly advantageous in identifying worn pulveriser components through statistical analysis of the static pressure drop measured across specific components, thereby demonstrating a significant benefit for industrial application.<br>MT2016
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Kuo, Chin-Hsiang, and 郭慶祥. "The Study of Dynamics Performance of High-speed Spindle of Machine Tools." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38551374146826476992.

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碩士<br>大葉大學<br>機械工程研究所<br>88<br>Abstract High-speed machining has become more and more important in recent year. In order to achieve this goal, the high-speed spindles are used. With the increasing rotational speed, the problems of temperature increase, reduced rotational accuracy, unsatisfactory static and dynamic stiffness have to be overcome. However, heat generating and dynamic loading caused by high speed operation have been the limiting factors for increasing the speed limit of many high speed ball bearing applications. Therefore, how to select proper locations, preload values and lubrication techniques for the bearings are major tasks to reduce heat generation effectively and to maintain the satisfactory stiffness. With the increasing rotational speed, new lubrication techniques are applied on the high-speed spindles instead of the conventional grease lubrication. Recently, oil-air lubrication has been used on high-speed ball bearing because of precise oil quantity control and high cooling efficiency. However, the fluctuation of oil supply resulted from the periodic oil feeding is unfavorable. The bearing preload is also the main factor to the dynamic performance of a spindle. The preload affects the spindle stiffness and induces the temperature increase. The temperature increase is going to change the preload again. All the related factors affect the dynamic rotational accuracy. The complicated relationships between these factors and the dynamic performance of the spindles are urgent topics to study. Most previous related studies were analyzed for the oil-air lubrication bearings or simple test spindles. Their results were not complete. In this study, a commercial oil-air lubrication spindle will be used to study its dynamic performance with variable operating parameters. The preload of the bearing is also varied to see its effect on the dynamic performance. Finite element method will also be applied to predict the static and dynamic stiffness, the temperature increase and the thermal expansion. The predicted and experimental results will be compared to ensure the accuracy. The developed technology will be helpful in spindle design for the industry. Keywords：high-speed machining, bearing preload, dynamic rotational accuracy, oil-air lubrication, temperature rise deformation , static stiffness, dynamic stiffness.
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Wu, Zhi-Zheng, and 吳智正. "Study of High Speed Copper-rotor Induction Machines in Machine Tools Spindle Applications." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vubk9z.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>動力機械工程學系<br>107<br>This thesis aims at high-speed induction motors applied to the machine tool spindles covering topics of basic motor design rules, motor design steps, selection of design parameters, and Computer-Aided Engineering simulation processes. Based on adjusting the winding and slot structure, magnetic field distribution in air gap and relavent radial electromagnetic forces on stator tooths are carefully reviewed. Throughout optimization, the optimal geometry, the slot numbers, diametric ratio of stator and rotor, and turns of winding are calculated; and, the ultimate goal is to reduce vibration and acoustic noises plus performance for spindle motors running at high speed. The study has been adopting a commercial software package copyrighted by ANSYS Inc., bundled with Electronics EM and Mechanical Workbench, for numerical simulation of physical quantities and electromagnetic field details. By preliminary correlation of results in magnetostatic and transient field analysis, electromagnetic and structural coupling analysis is cosimulated to give cross-coupling acoustic and vibrational results. Finally, verifications of the design parameters have been conducted for laboratory-scale copper rotor induction spindle motors to justify the accuracy and practicality of the motor design process.
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CHANG, MING-LUN, and 張明倫. "The Inverse Method for Estimating the Heat Source of Spindle in Machine Tools." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qyy5mj.

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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>機械與電腦輔助工程學系<br>107<br>More than 70% proportion of machining error results from heat. Temperature distribution in spindle change dramatically in contrast with other components in machine tools. In addition, spindles play a crucial role in machining quality. Thermal behavior of spindles thus becomes the ongoing issue researched by academic and industrial. Heat source, bearing, is usually used as the condition which makes Finite Element Method solved or the quality standard for products. However, a mass of parameters for bearing makes heat source approximated difficultly. And also, it is unable to measure heat source by sensors immediately. Therefore, an inverse method is adopted to estimate heat source in different rotating speed and time period in this paper. In numerical verification, it is proved that heat source could be solved with 99.6% accuracy in 3 iteration. Furthermore, it could tolerate with 0.3℃ of normal distribution standard error by two measurement. Measurement intensity is also an important consideration of inverse method. In actual experiment, not only the magnitude of two heat source in different rotating speed and time period is calculated by two measurement as well, but the variation of dynamic preload could be observed by the result of inverse method.
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CHUANG, REN-HAO, and 莊人豪. "The Application of AI for the Spindle Dynamic Balancing and Thermal Displacement in Machine Tools." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49z5zv.

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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>機械與電腦輔助工程學系<br>107<br>In this paper, the mechanical balance of artificial machine tool is used to predict and identify the dynamic balance of the machine tool spindle and predict the thermal displacement generated by the inner spindle of the simulated spindle. First of all, the dynamic balance first performs vibration measurement and explores its characteristic frequency through spectrum conversion, including the difference in the number of screws installed. Then through the measuring device and establish a database at different speeds and the number of screws, the impact on the accuracy can be explored through different pre-processing and learning networks. The final accuracy rate can reach 90% The second proposed to predict the thermal displacement of the inner spindle of the spindle to make up for the insufficiency of the traditional linear fitting. Using the characteristics of the neuron, the training error is much smaller than the linear fitting, and the least square of the thermal displacement under the fixed heat source and the variable heat source is predicted. The error is reduced to 2.16um and 1.96um respectively, which also breaks through the myth of the previous measurement point position. The closer to the measurement point of the heat source, the more accurate the training model is, and the temperature rise slope of the temperature point is used to model the neural network. As an important parameter, it helps to judge the correspondence between temperature and thermal displacement.
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Chan, Hui-Yuan, and 詹惠媛. "Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Machine Health Monitoring of Built-in High-speed Spindle and the Measurement of the Machine Tools." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jp8t8u.

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Yang, Neng-Jie, and 楊能傑. "Field Oriented Control and Experimental Verification of 30-krpm Ultra High Speed Spindle Motor for Machine Tools." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vh33z4.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>機械工程學研究所<br>106<br>This thesis investigates digital implementation issues on spindle machine drives at high speed. The machine operating speed is designed beyond 30krpm where the ratio of drive sample frequency fsample over rotor electrical frequency fe is less than 5. Because digital microcontrollers are used in variable frequency machine drives to realize the field-oriented control (FOC), the discretized effects must be considered to maintain the controller stability at high speed under low ratios of fsample/fe. In this thesis, the machine current controller based on three continuous controller design and approximation methods are compared at low fsample/fe. It is shown that the linear approximation might be able to maintain the controller stability if the voltage delay and inductance cross-coupling are perfectly compensated. However, the closed-loop drive performance strongly dependents on the overall controller bandwidth and machine parameters. An 8-pole interior PM machine with a maximum speed at 32-kprm where fsample/fe = 4.7 is experimentally tested to compare the high speed performance among three controllers. This thesis includes the design guideline of PM spindle machine drive for high speed operation based on the simulation comparison of different machine characteristics.
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Books on the topic "Machine-tools Spindles (Machine-tools)"

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Mayer, Anton. Erhöhung der Fertigungsgenauigkeit beim Einsatz von Schnellfrequenzfrässpindeln. C. Hanser, 1989.

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Klaffert, Thomas. Selbstoptimierende HSC-Motorspindel. Wissenschaftliche Scripten, 2007.

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Lee, Chan Hong. Statische und dynamische Optimierung von Spindel-Lager-Systemen. C. Hanser, 1991.

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Sandhu, Harprit S. Spindles: Comprehensive Guide to Making Light Milling or Grinding Spindles with a Small Lathe (Workshop Practice Series). Trans-Atlantic Publications, 1997.

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Inc, Cincinnati Milacron, ed. Parts and service manual for Cincinnati Milacron vertical 3-spindle 5-axis high performance rail type profiler with Acramatic CNC model 950-MC Release 3.0. Cincinnati Milacron, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Machine-tools Spindles (Machine-tools)"

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de Ciurana, Joaquim, Guillem Quintana, and Francisco Javier Campa. "Machine Tool Spindles." In Machine Tools for High Performance Machining. Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-380-4_3.

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Müller, Christopher, Benjamin Kirsch, and Jan C. Aurich. "Compact Air Bearing Spindles for Desktop Sized Machine Tools." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49269-8_2.

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Yan, H., X. Q. Huang, and C. H. Ku. "A Method of On-Line Measuring the Error Motion Of Rotating Spindle of Machine Tools — Theory and Application." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Machine Tool Design and Research Conference. Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07529-4_12.

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Xu, Xun. "CNC Machine Tools." In Integrating Advanced Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-714-0.ch008.

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The introduction of CNC machines has radically changed the manufacturing industry. Curves are as easy to cut as straight lines, complex 3-D structures are relatively easy to produce, and the number of machining steps that required human action has dramatically reduced. With the increased automation of manufacturing processes with CNC machining, considerable improvements in consistency and quality can be achieved. CNC automation reduced the frequency of errors and provided CNC operators with time to perform additional tasks. CNC automation also allows for more flexibility in the way parts are held in the manufacturing process and the time required to change the machine to produce different components. In a production environment, a series of CNC machines may be combined into one station, commonly called a “cell”, to progressively machine a part requiring several operations. CNC controller is the “brain” of a CNC machine, whereas the physical configuration of the machine tool is the “skeleton”. A thorough understanding of the physical configuration of a machine tool is always a priority for a CNC programmer as well as the CNC machine tool manufacturers. This chapter starts with a historical perspective of CNC machine tools. Two typical types of CNC machine tools (i.e. vertical and horizontal machining centres) are first discussed. Tooling systems for a CNC machine tool are integral part of a CNC system and are therefore elaborated. Also discussed are the four principal elements of a CNC machine tool. They are machine base, machine spindle, spindle drive, and slide drive. What letter should be assigned to a linear or rotary axis and what if a machine tool has two sets of linear axes? These questions are answered later in the chapter. In order for readers to better comprehend the axis and motion designations, a number of machine tool schematics are given.
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Tolouei-Rad, Majid, and Muhammad Aamir. "Analysis of the Performance of Drilling Operations for Improving Productivity." In Drilling Technology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96497.

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Drilling is a vital machining process for many industries. Automotive and aerospace industries are among those industries which produce millions of holes where productivity, quality, and precision of drilled holes plays a vital role in their success. Therefore, a proper selection of machine tools and equipment, cutting tools and parameters is detrimental in achieving the required dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. This subsequently helps industries achieving success and improving the service life of their products. This chapter provides an introduction to the drilling process in manufacturing industries which helps improve the quality and productivity of drilling operations on metallic materials. It explains the advantages of using multi-spindle heads to improve the productivity and quality of drilled holes. An analysis of the holes produced by a multi-spindle head on aluminum alloys Al2024, Al6061, and Al5083 is presented in comparison to traditional single shot drilling. Also the effects of using uncoated carbide and high speed steel tools for producing high-quality holes in the formation of built-up edges and burrs are investigated and discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Machine-tools Spindles (Machine-tools)"

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Hashemi, Seyed M., Hemachandran Sambandamurthy, and Hamid Ghaemi. "Vibration Analysis of Machine Tool Spindle Systems: A Calibrated Finite Element Model." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39547.

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The effects of spindles vibrational behavior on the stability lobes and the chatter behavior of machine tools have been established, and the service life has been observed to reduce the system natural frequencies. In this paper, a ‘calibrated’ FEM model of the spindle system, where the bearings are modeled as linear spring elements, is introduced. The numerical models of a sample spindle system are developed in ANSYS® software using BEAM188 and SOLID187 elements. COMBIN14 elements are used to model the bearings; by varying the spring constant value of these elements the spindle’s fundamental frequency is tuned to match the nominal value, also verified experimentally. The beam element-based model is observed to converge faster than the one based on solid elements. The uncalibrated frequencies resulting from latter model are also found to be lower than those obtained from the former one, which could be associated with the shear/rotary inertia effects present in the SOLID187 element.
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Weber, Juliane, Linart Shabi, and Jürgen Weber. "Thermal Impact of Different Cooling Sleeve’s Flow Geometries in Motorized High-Speed Spindles of Machine Tools." In 9th FPNI Ph.D. Symposium on Fluid Power. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpni2016-1517.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation and computer simulation of motor cooling sleeves in machine tools’ spindles in order to examine their thermo-energetic behavior. First of all, most typical designs of cooling sleeves are identified, e. g. the single helical and the double helical channel structure. The paper highlights the simulation of these different cooling sleeve designs by means of network models with lumped parameters and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). With the help of CFD analyses, which can also take the conjugate heat transfer (CHT) into account, a profound understanding of the flow effects and the complex thermo-energetic exchange processes between the body and the flowing inside can be achieved. Because these very exacting CFD models require lengthy computation times, they have to be reduced to time-saving calculation models like network models. This step is essential for the planned integration in the control of the machine tool in order to correct the tool center point (TCP) errors due to thermo-elastic deformations. Finally, the developed thermo-hydraulic models are validated against measurements on a developed test rig utilizing thermocouples and a thermographic camera to capture temperatures. The results demonstrate that the presented models allow a sufficiently accurate characterization of the thermo-energetic behavior of motor spindles’ cooling sleeves in order to achieve enhanced prediction of the temperature distribution as well as an increase in manufacturing accuracy. In conclusion, it is shown how the resulting network calculation models can be used within the project group by integrating them into the complete model of the virtual machine tool in order to predict and correct its thermo-elastic deformations that will be part of the ongoing investigations.
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Liu, Zheng, Yan-Feng Li, Yuan-Jian Yang, Jinhua Mi, and Hong-Zhong Huang. "Extensions of Bayesian Reliability Analysis by Using Imprecise Dirichlet Model." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47183.

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Bayesian approaches have been demonstrated as effective methods for reliability analysis of complex systems with small-amount data, which integrate prior information and sample data using Bayes’ theorem. However, there is an assumption that precise prior probability distributions are available for unknown parameters, yet these prior distributions are sometimes unavailable in practical engineering. A possible way to avoiding this assumption is to generalize Bayesian reliability analysis approach by using imprecise probability theory. In this paper, we adopt a set of imprecise Dirichlet distributions as priors to quantify uncertainty of unknown parameters and extend traditional Bayesian reliability analysis approach by introducing an imprecise Dirichlet model (IDM). When the prior information is rare, the result of imprecise Bayesian analysis method is too rough to support engineering decision-making, so we proposed an optimization model to reduce the imprecision of the new method. Spindles are crucial for machine tools and reliability data related to spindles of new-developed machine tools are often rare. We can then use the imprecise Bayesian reliability analysis method to assess its reliability. In this paper, we mainly investigate the reliability assessment of a motorized spindle to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Vyasa, Rupal, and Raghu Echempati. "Design and Analysis of an Example Lathe Spindle." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39665.

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This paper discusses the modeling and analysis of an example medium speed medium precision lathe spindle. This and few other similar topics have been assigned as term projects in an introductory senior undergraduate/graduate level finite element analysis course taught at Kettering University. The experiences and the general feedback from the students of the class show satisfactory organization of the course material that includes modeling and analysis of real life examples. With reference to the specific topic on design of machine tool spindles, it is not a new area, however, it is generally taught at the graduate and research levels. Use of modern computational tools to perform iterative design and analysis calculations of such spindles make the senior undergraduate and/or graduate master students aware of the implications of modeling a real life system using the 1D and 3D finite beam elements and to validate those results by a CAE tool. Final course projects such as this serve as a good learning tool to the graduating engineers. Sample results obtained from various CAE tools such as UG-NX 7.5 are presented in the paper and discussed.
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Landi, Luca, and Damiano Amici. "Steel Sheets Impact Simulation for Safety Guards Design: Problems and Perspectives." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65181.

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The growing need of design of safety guards for industrial workers led to the need for experimentation in the field of ballistics, typically used in the military research. In the last few years some international standards for the safety of machine tools have been developed, such as the ISO 23125: 2010, improving the ballistic protection of safety guards. But it is still possible to find in the market a large quantity of machine tools with doubtful real protective characteristics of guards. The uncontrolled projection of parts of work piece or tools can often cause very dangerous perforations of the safety guards. In such a way specific experimental tests like the ones conducted in EU, have assured the possibility to write appendices of ISO standards for safety guards design of machine tools. These tests are based on impact between a particular standardized projectile, which exemplifies an impacting fragment of variable size and energy, and a flat plate placed in the trajectory of the projectile. The penetration or buckling of the target determines the non-suitability of a particular material of a given thickness, for the design and production of safety guards. However these tests, have the following limitations: they are valid only for: a limited type of thickness and materials, a perpendicular impact with flat plates of about 500 mm × 500 mm and when the standardized penetrator is a cylinder with a prismatic head. Moreover another limitation arises for the design of real safety guards: difficulties in taking into account curved design of guards such as the ones typically used in the spindles of machine tools. Moreover it is very difficult to take into account innovative materials different from the ones provided by the standards and also it is impossible to consider projected objects whose geometry is not regular, for example fragmented parts of tools, broken as a result of a wrong manoeuvre of the machine user. The main focus of this paper is to test the applicability of numerical methods for the simulation of impacts on steel sheets of standardized penetrators for the numerical design and validation of industrial safety guards. Correlation between experimental penetration tests found in international papers and optimized numerical tests will be presented.
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Gopalakrishnan, Venkat, and Sridhar Kota. "A Parallely Actuated Work Support Module for Reconfigurable Machining Systems." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5959.

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Abstract In order to respond quickly to changes in market demands and the resulting product design changes, machine tool manufacturers must reduce the machine tool design lead time and machine set-up time. Reconfigurable Machine Tools (RMTs), assembled from machine modules such as spindles, slides and worktables are designed to be easily reconfigured to accommodate new machining requirements. The essential characteristics of RMTs are modularity, flexibility, convertibility and cost effectiveness. The goal of Reconfigurable Machining Systems (RMSs), composed of RMTs and other types of machines, is to provide exactly the capacity and functionality, exactly when needed. The scope of RMSs design includes mechanical hardware, control systems, process planning and tooling. One of the key challenges in the mechanical design of reconfigurable machine tools is to achieve the desired machining accuracy in all intended machine configurations. To meet this challenge we propose (a) to distribute the total number of degrees of freedom between the work-support and the tool and (b) employ parallely-actuated mechanisms for stiffness and ease of reconfigurability. In this paper we present a novel parallely-actuated work-support module as a part of an RMT. Following a brief summary of a few parallel mechanisms used in machine tool applications, this paper presents a three-degree-of-freedom work-support module designed to meet the machining requirements of specific features on a family of automotive cylinder heads. Inverse kinematics, dynamic and finite element analysis are performed to verify the performance criteria such as workspace envelope and rigidity. A prototype of the proposed module is also presented.
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Li, Guilong, Shichang Du, Delin Huang, Chen Zhao, and Yafei Deng. "Chatter Prediction for Face Milling Process of Workpieces With Variable Stiffness." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-3061.

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Abstract In face milling process, the cutting chatter induced by unsuitable processing parameters could lead to tremendous damage to machine tools and loss of machined surface quality. Therefore, as one of the most effective and efficient methods to avoid chatter, the stability lobe diagram (SLD) has received continuous concern from researchers. Since the dynamic cutting forces are definitely dependent on the tool path and the stiffness distribution of the workpiece, the exact interaction between the milling cutter and the workpiece should be taken into consideration for chatter prediction. However, most related researches have been focused on the dynamic modeling of the spindles and machine tools, regardless of the characteristics of workpieces. To overcome this limitation, an analytical method is proposed to predict the milling chatter for workpieces with variable stiffness. Firstly, a dynamic model for the general milling process is established. Secondly, the cutting insert engagement is determined based on the stiffness characteristic of the workpieces and the cutting path of the milling cutter. At last, the SLD applicable to workpieces with variable stiffness is constructed, and a case study of an engine block shows that the proposed method is valid.
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Rastegari, Ali, Andreas Archenti, and Mohammadsadegh Mobin. "Condition based maintenance of machine tools: Vibration monitoring of spindle units." In 2017 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ram.2017.7889683.

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Sodemann, Angela A., and Yogesh M. Chukewad. "Comparison of Cartesian and Polar Kinematic Arrangements for Compensation of Scale Effects in Micromilling." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65002.

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Many fields of active research such as biomedical engineering, electronics, and optics have need of small metallic parts less than 1mm in size, with features measured in hundreds or tens of microns, with tolerances as small as 0.1 micron. Such parts include devices for studying the processes in the human body, devices that can be implanted in the human body, small lenses, and other small components. Micromilling is a microscale manufacturing process that can be used to produce a wide range of small parts, including those that have complex 3-dimensional contours. Micromilling is a process that is, on the surface, similar to conventional-scale milling, except for the use of tools that are around two orders of magnitude smaller than conventional endmills, and spindle speeds that are one or two orders of magnitude faster than conventional milling spindles. However, the underlying physical processes which occur in micromilling are unique due to scale effects, which occur due to the unequal scaling of physical properties between the conventional and the micro scale. One of the more recently-uncovered scale effects in micromilling is the increased ratio of tool size to feature size [1]. This scale effect causes an exacerbation of a kind of geometric error known as chord error and places a fundamental limitation on achievable feedrates within allowable machining error constraints. In this research, we hypothesize that the increase of chord error in microscale milling can be alleviated by intelligent modification of the kinematic arrangement of the micromilling machine. Currently, all 3-axis micromilling machines are constructed with a Cartesian kinematic arrangement, in which three linear axes are mounted perpendicularly. In this paper, we propose an alternate kinematic arrangement consisting of two linear axes and one rotary axis, creating a Polar kinematic arrangement. Through numerical simulation, we show that there are distinct classes of curvilinear geometries in which the Polar kinematic arrangement is preferable, and allows significant gains in allowable feedrates and reduction in chord error, while other curvilinear geometries show reduced chord error with the Cartesian arrangement.
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Rivin, Eugene I. "Advanced 7/24 Taper Toolholder/Spindle Interfaces for High-Speed CNC Machine Tools." In Aerospace Manufacturing Technology Conference & Exposition. SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/981866.

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