Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles'
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Hennebelle, François. "Détermination des incertitudes de mesures sur machines à mesurer tridimensionnelle : application aux engrenages." Paris, ENSAM, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003226.
Full textBecause measurands are perfectly defined in standards, Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) accreditation is possible for gears provided measurements uncertainties are assessed. In accordance with the Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), our work is mainly based on the Monte Carlo method and linear or circular error separation techniques to differentiate defaults and quantify associated measurements uncertainties. Analysis of the CMM geometry effect on a circular ring or gear measurement shows that it is impossible to characterize completely the CMM geometry with a part supposed to be perfect. However, we set up a concept of “Equivalent defaults” characterizing the CMM geometry for the theoretical definition of the studied part. The probing systems used were assessed in order to compensate the identifiable systematic defaults and quantify associated uncertainties. Based on the example of a cylindrical gear, three different approaches are compared: the analysis of the CMM metrological characteristics, by error separation method and by comparison. This contribution in term of uncertainties measurements has numerous applications; for example the study of penetration rates and wear volumes of explanted total hip prostheses
Pairel, Éric. "Métrologie fonctionnelle par calibre virtuel sur machine à mesurer tridimensionnelle." Chambéry, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CHAMS025.
Full textBourdet, Pierre. "Contribution à la mesure tridimensionnelle modèle d'identification géométrique des surfaces, métrologie fonctionnelle des pièces mécaniques, correction géométrique des machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603332j.
Full textCloitre, Gabriel. "Contribution à la connaissance et à la modélisation des paramètres influant sur la capabilité des procédés de mesure tridimensionnels." Toulon, 2000. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00740375.
Full textThree-dimensional measuring machines have come into general use in big firms and among subcontractors. The enforcement of ISO 9000 standards and the ensuing capability calculations require a thorough knowledge of measurement uncertainty. In measuring machines, global uncertainty and the standards used are generally indicated. The measurement uncertainty of these different machines is given in the following for JA+bLJ:-A representing an accuracy uncertainty and bL a position uncertainty related to the length. The geometry and environment of these machines being currently taken into account by application programs, there remains many unknown parameters connected to the sensor :its length, diameter, speed, type and the number of points of the measured element. We aim at presenting a method permitting to quickly obtain the measurement uncertainty and the index of capability according to the operator's selected criteria; and rapidly get an index of capability closer to reality. Chapter 1 describes the present situation of measuring machines towards the IS09000 standards and the state-of-art equipement of this type. In chapter 2 an experimental study is carried out in order to determine the size of samples used in our study-In chapter 3 we decribe the experimental study and the modelling of the qualification of the sensor. Chapter4 presents the experimental study and the modelling of the basic element : the point, the straight line, the plane, the circle and the sphere. Finally, in chapter 5 we propose a general model for the calculation of measurement uncertainties and capabilities. The annex comprises the 3D machine and software, the standards, the calibrator! certificates, the values of the piece and the specifically developed application programmes
Bluteau, Hélène. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité des mesures sur les machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles : surveillance, diagnostic et correction des défaillances." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0007.
Full textVaissière, Dimitri. "Métrologie tridimensionnelle des états de surface par microscopie confocale à champ étendu." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR3A001.
Full textBoivin, Guillaume. "Conception de l'axe principal d'une machine à mesurer les coordonnées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19473.
Full textMahmud, Mussa. "Outil d’aide au contrôle de spécifications géométriques de pièces mécaniques par la mesure 3D sans contact." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS066.
Full textWithin the framework of the Ph. D. GM- GC under title Computer aided inspection of geometrical specification of mechanical part without contact 3D Measurement, and within the team “metrology 3D” located in Auxerre, L. R. M. A. University of Burgundy. Within the framework of the three-dimensional measurement of mechanical part using without contact sensor, this work concerns the taking into account of the defects of the sensor in the strategy of measurement. Indeed, if technological projections in the field of the optical sensors make it possible to consider the dimensional check of the parts, their relative inaccuracy with respect to the sensors with contact requires optimizing the strategies of measurement compared to the specifications to be controlled. Thus, by developing a strategy of adequate digitalization taking of account the defects of the sensor, it is planned to minimize uncertainties of measurement and to approach the current performances of the sensors with contact. These defects can for example be associated at the distance sensor/piece-rates, with the orientation sensor/part and the work has consisted in the development, the writing and the implementation of an algorithm of simulation of trajectory compared to various parameters of the sensor and the geometrical specifications of the part. Lastly, they must lead to the automatic planning of trajectory of a transmitter without contact. The method that we implement is based on the notion of the visibility of the part. It consists in determining the directions for which all surfaces of the part are visible by the sensor. The approach consists of three successive phases. The first phase defines the visibility from the point of view of the laser. The second relates to the screening of the camera. And the third represents the total visibility of the sensor unit; i. E. Laser and camera associated. A chart of total visibility is built. From this one, positions and preferential orientations part are retained to carry out the inspection. This determination, under considerations within a metrological framework, must be done in the respect of the dimensional and geometrical specifications of the part while guaranteeing its complete digitalization. The developed approach which one thus seeks the complete automation of the planning of the trajectory. It represents a step of planning aid of the trajectory of digitalization under metrological considerations
Jalid, Abdelilah. "Contribution à l'évaluation des incertitudes liées aux résultats de mesure tridimensionnelle." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-29.pdf.
Full textCamboulives, Martin. "Étalonnage d'un espace de travail par multilatération." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN024/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing calibration procedures and methods for measuring tools such as coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and stereovision devices. This work is incorporated within the framework of a collaboration between the Laboratoire national de métrologie et d’essais (LNE) and the Automated Production Research Laboratory (LURPA). In the scope of this thesis, multilateration is qualified as sequential because it is carried out by a single tracking interferometer (Laser Tracer) that is placed in different positions during the calibration procedure. In order to assess the calibration uncertainties, the link to the length standards is obtained through the measured lengths provided by the interferometer. Each one of these measured lengths is linked to the kinematic chain parametric errors that cause the volumetric errors of the CMM or directly to the measured points coordinates. They are assessed thanks to the study of both the calibration procedure and the performance of each component that takes part in the calibration procedure.Performing multilateration to obtain the spatial coordinates of a point requires to know both the stand points from which the point is measured and the distances between the stand points and the measured point. Practically, the stand points are the Laser Tracer positions. The proposed method aims at identifying the Laser Tracer’s positions and dead-paths lengths first in order to build a reference measuring frame, then performing multilateration. Then, if the measuring device is a CMM, its kinematic chain parametric errors are identified. For this matter, we propose a specific procedure based on the LNE knowledge on CMM calibration carried out using hole-bars. The originality of the proposed method lies in the fact that the reference measuring frame and the measuring device errors are calculated independently from each other. Plus, when addressing the case of a CMM calibration, the kinematic chain parametric errors are extracted one by one when a global optimization algorithm is usually performed nowadays.We focus on the case of CMMs calibration and we propose a precise analysis of all the sources of errors. It includes factors which influence was not studied before. They appear to result from the fact that a single tracking interferometer is used to calibrate the CMM. A simulation module based on a Monte Carlo approach has been developed. It enables the study of the influence of each source of errors independently from the other ones. Hence, the relevance of a measuring strategy can be assessed beforehand. This module simulates the behaviour of both the CMM and the Laser Tracer to evaluate uncertainties. We propose two indicators to observe the relative influence of each uncertainty factor. The first one is linked to the reference frame that is built on the successive positions of the Laser Tracer. The second one represents the global uncertainty one the kinematic chain parametric errors. This uncertainty assessment module has been successfully used to highlight the importance of sources of errors which role used to not be studied.The calibration procedure and uncertainty assessment module we propose have been successfully applied to a 3-axis cartesian CMM in laboratory conditions. Plus, since the reference measuring frame and the kinematic chain parametric errors identification are performed separately, the method we propose can be applied to other measuring devices. We especially explain how to apply it in the case of a measuring device based on stereovision
Brandou, Vincent. "Stéréovision locale et reconstruction 3D/4D." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4093.
Full textThe aim of this study is to propose a complete 3-dimension reconstruction method of natural submarine objects improved by a new acquisition method for quantitative measures, which can be used in operational conditions. First, it was necessary to take into account the various problems connected with the deep sea environment ; the main constraint is that the system used to collect images must be manipulated at very important depths, up to 6000 meters by an underwater vehicle positioned on the sea floor. Thus, a method allowing the automatic acquisition of images was developed, adapted to any type of small-scale submarine object (approximately 1m 3). The image acquisition is performed with a stereovision system operated by a manipulator arm. The method that we propose enables us to know extrinsic camera parameters by following a specific trajectory defined by the geometry of a stereo rig. Indeed, the trajectory is generated by the displacement of one camera onto the position of the other one by visual servoing. With this method, we can register images at regular intervals directly linked to the geometry of the stereo rig. Then, the 3D model of the underwater object is calculated from the collected images and camera parameters. The final result is a dense 3D reconstruction with texture mapping that enables metric measures. Keywords: 3D metrology, computer vision, stereovision system, visual servoing, camera trajectory, 3D reconstruction
Bourdet, Pierre. "Contribution à la mesure tridimensionnelle : modèle d'identification géométrique des surfaces, métrologie fonctionnelle des pièces mécaniques, correction géométrique des machines à mesurer tridimentionnelles." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10041.
Full textFasogbon, Peter Oluwanisola. "Dimensional measurement of metallic object by 3D vision." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10105.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we have demonstrated through various studies and experiments the necessity of using 3D vision system to measure the cross-section area of metallic objects. The current methods are based on 2D vision approach, which do not allow the measurement of different geometry of these metallic objects. Therefore, we have proposed 3D vision system that consists of lasers and cameras that have been equipped with Scheimpflug optical devices. This non-conventional optical set-up increases the field of view of the camera. As we have to measure the metallic object using the laser-Scheimpflug device, we need to calibrate the system. We proposed a new calibration method that provides significant improvement compared to the state of art laser-camera triangulation system. Using the calibrated system, the cross-section of the metallic object is determined by the analysis of the profile that results from the laser line projected on the metallic object. We have validated the system capability on plug gauges
Lott, Martin. "Approche tri-dimensionnelle du comportement élastique non linéaire des roches et bétons." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0129/document.
Full textThe phenomena observed in the nonlinear elastic behavior of rocks and concretes are known to be closely related to their microstructure. The nonlinear signature of those materials is complex with temporary loss of elastic properties under dynamic loading as well as hysteresis and slow relaxation phenomena. Since the 1990s, numerous academic and industrial studies have demonstrated the value of nonlinear acoustics for non-destructive characterization with indicators whose sensitivities to damage is tenfold compared to those used up to now. However, the three-dimensional effects associated with the possible coupling of nonlinear phenomena are generally neglected in these studies, which limits the obtaining of quantitative parameters, which may even lead to erroneous conclusions. In this context, these theses work aims to develop a unified three-dimensional theoretical approach, adapted from the acousto-elasticity. The first chapter introduces the bibliographic support of this work. The second chapter presents a three-dimensional relaxation model coupled to the three-order elastic coefficients. It is validated experimentally on mortar and sandstone. It is shown that the temporary loss of elastic properties under dynamic loading is an induced anisotropic phenomenon.The third chapter applies the model to nonlinear resonance experiment. The forth chapter introduces the model to in situ nonlinear prospecting. The perspectives of this work are broad, covering fundamental domains (non-linear elasticity) or more practical (non-destructive testing and passive monitoring of buildings)
Olague, Gustavo. "Planification du placement de caméras pour des mesures 3D de précision." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004898.
Full textMehdi-Souzani, Charyar. "Numérisation 3D intelligente d'objets de formes inconnues basée sur des critères de qualité." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199739.
Full textValade, Charles. "Développement d'une méthodologie adaptée à l'industrie microélectronique pour la reconstruction topographique par imagerie SEM à faisceau inclinable." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT015.
Full textWith the advancement of microelectronics technologies, the architecture of electronic components is becoming increasingly complicated. However, knowledge of the dimensional characteristics of the structures is important in order to be able to understand and optimize the behavior of these components. This is why there is a need to develop rapid, non-destructive three-dimensional measurement methods.The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is widely used to carry out dimensional measurements because it responds to the problems of speed and non-destructivity. However, obtaining quantitative and precise three-dimensional information is a challenge.Thanks to an electron microscope whose electron beam can be tilted, it is possible to obtain images at different viewing angles. From the analysis of these images, the height and the sidewall angles of the observed pattern can be determined geometrically.However, since electronic imaging is the result of electron-matter interactions, it is important to understand the origin of the formation of SEM images, in order to be able to analyze them correctly. This is why a study was carried out using physical simulation software to observe and understand the impact of the topography of a pattern on the resulting SEM image.From these observations, metrics were created on the SEM images to analyze them quantitatively.A linear model was then created using physical simulations to estimate the topographic quantities from these metrics. It was then calibrated on real SEM measurements, by comparing them to three-dimensional reference measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM). This model was created for the reconstruction of “line” type patterns in etched silicon. Thanks to this model, reconstructions of real patterns were made. Finally, work was started on the creation of a model for "trench" and "dense" type patterns in etched silicon
Bouderbala, Kamélia. "Mise en oeuvre d'une régulation thermique sur une machine de mesure dimensionnelle de très haute exactitude. Utilisation d'un modèle d'ordre faible en boucle fermée." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0017/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the modelling and real-time regulation of the temperature inside an apparatus developed to validate the design principles of a cylindricity measurement machine at the Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie du Laboratoire national de métrologie et d’essais – Conservatoire national des arts et métiers. To study the effect of internal and external perturbations on the behaviour of the system, the apparatus is equipped with 19 platinum resistance thermometers calibrated with respect to the national standard. The effect of perturbations on the behaviour of capacitive displacement sensors has also been studied. The effect of internal perturbations generated by the mechanical guide rails was simulated using three film resistive heaters. Finite element modeling of the system temperature was carried out and the numerical results compared with experiment. The offsets about 0.1°C are too large for the model to be used for real-time temperature control. Subsequently, a reduced model wasdeveloped based on experimental data using the modal identification method (MIM). The residual obtained when its results are compared with experiment is 0.003°C. Finally, a temperature servo implemented using predictive control combined with a Kalman filter
Audfray, Nicolas. "Une approche globale pour la métrologie 3D automatique multi-systèmes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907272.
Full textBrèque, Cyril. "Développement et mise en oeuvre de méthodes optiques pour la mesure de relief et de champ de déformations en vue de la modélisation d'organes biologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008546.
Full textLeandry, Ismaëlle. "Adaptation de la méthode de projection de franges pour la mesure du relief de grands objets et pour la modélisation anthropométrique : application à l'étude de flotteurs sous pression et au suivi de pathologie de l'abdomen." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2288/document.
Full textThe proposed study deals with the adaptation of an optical method to themeasurement of large objects at a low working distance. The optical method used is thefringe projection technique allowing the study of large objects. At first, experimental trials hasbeen used to evaluate the accuracy of the actual development combining the phase shiftingmethod using a Fourier transform and the gray code technique.When the errors have been quantified and their origins determined, the developmentof a calibration procedure and new associated equations have been chosen. The newcalibration is based on polynomial interpolation of points defining a volume of largedimensions. A tested object was designed specifically for this calibration procedure. Toestimate the calibration error, a systematic study of polynomials cases is performed. Thehighest degree of those cases varies from 1 to 4. This approach allows the determination theoptimal polynomial degree to be used. In the best case, the estimation of the error allows theevaluation of the calibration accuracy of about 1 mm for an object of 2 m large, measured ata distance of 2 m.The method has been subsequently applied, in an industrial setting, to the study offloats and in a medical setting to the study of the relief of the abdominal wall. From a medicalpoint of view, this method gives a rapid and easy access to the topology of human body. Itallows a better follow-up of the patient pathology
Antri, Brahim. "Modèle d'information intégré pour l'inspection dimensionnelle et géométrique de pièces mécaniques par machine à mesurer tridimensionnelle." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2004. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/704/1/ANTRI_Brahim.pdf.
Full textAntri, Brahim. "Modèle d'information intégré pour l'inspection dimensionnelle et géométrique de pièces mécaniques par machine à mesurer tridimensionnelle /." Montréal : École de technologie supérieure, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/etsmtl/fullcit?pMQ96631.
Full text"Mémoire présenté à l'École de technologie supérieure comme exigence partielle à l'obtention de la maîtrise en génie mécanique". Bibliogr.: f. [117]-119. Également disponible en version électronique.
Bachmann, Jérôme. "Contribution à la propagation des incertitudes dans les gammes de mesure des machines à mesurer par coordonnées." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22090.
Full textThe statistical approach of the association of surfaces allows us today, at a given risk, to identify the parameters of usual surfaces. The moment of order 2 is a quality indicator of the estimated parameters and is homogeneous with a variance. This approach opens interesting prospects with regard to the propagation of uncertainties. We set up a method, which must apply to the whole of the specifications of the standard ISO 1101 without modifier. The law of propagation of the GUM was rewritten for vector quantities. The method of generalized propagation is applied to simple cases, which have the characteristic to highlight the complexity of the method. This one requires a matric assembly, which aims to retain only the functional parts of the covariance matrix and the jacobian matrices according to the geometrical operation carried out
Sadaoui, Sif Eddine. "Inspection dimensionnelle - Une approche multi-capteurs pour la vérification des spécifications géométriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN020/document.
Full textDimensional inspection, which consists in verifying the geometric conformity of parts in terms of specifications, is an essential step in the product life cycle. Recently, dimensional inspection has been increasingly based on multi-sensor measurement that allows a significant time saving. However, time saving is only meaningful if the quality of the results respects the metrological requirements. Indeed, the combined use of sensors of different technologies and characteristics generates issues that affect the measurement quality. In this work, an automatic inspection approach using a scanner combining a contact sensor with a laser-plane sensor mounted on a CMM is proposed. This approach aims to best use the abilities of each of the sensors, giving priority to measurement with the laser-plan sensor as soon as the required quality is obtained for time saving. The approach consists in defining a sequence of surface measurement operations that have specifications, called inspection features.Starting from a set of scanner orientations, the sequence of operations is established for each orientation by evaluating the ability of the laser sensor and then that of the probe to measure surfaces with the required quality. The inspection plan is completed by the optimal definition of the laser-plane sensor path and the probe path for each orientation. The final path executed on the CMM machine is obtained by transforming and assembling the two paths. At the end of the execution, the measurement with the two sensors leads to two heterogeneous point clouds that must be processed before the final evaluation of the specifications
Renaud, Pierre. "Apport de la vision pour l'identification géométrique de mécanismes parallèles." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21432.
Full textDaoudi, Bouchra. "Mesurer l'incidence des équipements électoraux : le vote électronique et ses usages sociaux et politiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH031.
Full textSince the Athenian agora, political societies have constantly tried to improve technical protocols around electoral competition. As a result of digital culture, this concern for performance gradually leads to the digitalisation of the electoral gesture. In France, it was in 2003 that the voting machines made their entry, discreetly, but officially in some polling stations. As a technical response to an order for speed and rentability, the electronic ballot box records, counts and scrutinizes the votes, thus satisfying the ideal of rationalized electoral procedures. Nevertheless this electoral instrument has generated some disavowals and rise of the anti-electronic voting movements. From there, this research work is based on a central hypothesis: the use of electronic voting generates a new electoral scenography in constant negotiation through partisan balance of power. In other words, the way the electoral ritual is staged is dependent of the technology chosen, but it is mainly the result of the competition between actors for the imposition of a normative electoral process
Rimpault, Lionel. "Contribution a l'etude des deformations des bases prothetiques apres polymerisation." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05M065.
Full textChassat, Fabrice. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de localisation en six dimensions pour la chirurgie assistée par ordinateur." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005276.
Full textHennebelle, François. "Détermination des incertitudes de mesures sur machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles : application aux engrenages." Phd thesis, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003226.
Full textEric, Pairel. "Métrologie fonctionnelle par Calibre virtuel sur Machine à mesurer tridimensionnelle." Phd thesis, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778258.
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