Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Machines agricoles – Matériaux – Fatigue'
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Abo, Al-Kheer Abd Al-Kareem. "Intégration des concepts d’optimisation et de fiabilité dans la conception des machines agricoles." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAM0024/document.
Full textAgricultural machines should be designed to be optimal, reliable and have thecapacity to resist failure by fatigue. Although, the deterministic design approach does not guarantee these requirements, it is traditionally applied in the design of agricultural machines. This is due to the difficulties to model the stochastic nature of the forces acting on agricultural machines, especially the forces acting on tillage machines which work in irregular environment and under varying conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this dissertation is to develop a general framework for the design of agricultural machines by integrating the optimization, the reliability and the fatigue tools. We aim to provide an alternative to the traditional deterministic design one. First, this dissertation proposes methods and models for modeling the variability in tillage forces considering both thevariability in tillage system parameters and the soil failure. Second, based on the available methods in reliability-based design optimization and fatigue analysis approaches, itproposes methodologies for the design of agricultural machines. Throughout the dissertation, the developed approaches are applied to the design of the shack of a chisel plough
Marines, Garcia Israël. "Exploration de la fatigue des métaux au-delà du milliard de cycles." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0480.
Full textMechanical components, particularly those used in the automotive industry, reach 108 – 1010 cycles during all their lifetime under cyclic loads (gigacycle fatigue), whereas the present designs are based on the results obtained experimentally up to 107 cycles, (megacycle fatigue), which are obtained with the conventional experimental techniques (hydraulic and/or electromagnetic fatigue machines). This implies the use of factors of safety relatively important to take into account the uncertainty from this extrapolation. The present study has allowed the set up of a resonance fatigue technique on traction - compression at 20 and 30 kHz, in order to reach experimentally 108 - 1010 cycles in less than one week and 1011 cycles in around 40 days, respectively. The reliability of the experimental equipment was carried out, in a beginning thanks to the calculation of components key on resonance like; the amplifier of displacement (sonotrode) and specimens. In a second stage the reliability was attained through the test equipment calibration. Accurate automatic control of stress and number of cycles during test. Verification of the absence of other ways of vibration which can generate wrong loads (flexion, torsion, etc. . . . ). In addition a control of temperature during fatigue test was carried out using an equipment of infrared in the zone of maximal stress, where an air jet is applied to limit the temperature a maximum of between 15 and 25°C. Finally, a verification of the mechanical properties (hardness) and microstructure was carried out in the zone of rupture, with the purpose of comparing to original state. The experimental method has been validated verifying the coherence of results obtained with this new method, and classic methods in the common zone within the curves S-N (~107 cycles). This study has also generated information on the gigacycle fatigue of the main alternative materials used in the manufacture of mechanical parts (steel, cast-iron, aluminium), allowing to establish a data base for a better design of these as well as general a scientific point of view on the gigacycle fatigue. The results obtained in gigacycle fatigue show that, in most of the cases it does not exist a fatigue limits at 107 cycles, like, it is postulated in the international standards, which will should reviewed based on these new results. An interpretation of the results in terms of the sensitivity of the material to the defects (inclusions, porosities) and to the heterogeneity and/or size of the microstructure (martensite, bainite, perlite, ferrite, austenite), has been proposed, to help the understanding of related results. In the case of the aluminium alloy, a discussion of the international norm [ASTM 2003/E468-90(1998)] is proposed in order to design components using this alloy based on the mechanisms of crack initiation: (surface and internal). On the other hand, an analysis of the diagram of Kitagawa has been implemented to define the critical size of the defect in the crack initiation on very high cycle fatigue. The model developed by Paul C. Paris concerning the prediction of crack growth life portion from crack initiation until specimen fail “fish-eye” was also used in this study; also the model of Murakami consisting to the prediction the fatigue strength was employed on very high cycle fatigue. On the other hand, an application of the index of Ashby appears to classify the materials in terms of their performance. Finally, a new vibratory fatigue prototype in torsion at 20 kHz has been design, obtaining the first results of fatigue in torsion between 106 and 1010 cycles on a bi-phase steel (50% ferrite - 50% perlite)
Latourte, Felix. "Identification des paramètres d'une loi élastoplastique de Prager et calcul de champs de contrainte dans des matériaux hétérogènes." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20240.
Full textHouari, Hacène. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement du béton renforce de fibres métalliques soumis à l'action des charges maintenues et cycliques." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0080.
Full textThis experimental study deals with metallic fibres reinforced cementa matrix (mortar), and particularly with rheological behaviour of hardened composite. So, after the material mechanical characterization, shrinkage, creep and fatigue are successively examined. Notice that fatigue tests add creep and shrinkage effects, and no shield prevents the samples desiccation. Two matrix reinforcement methods (1% fibres), very different, are compared : on one hand fibres which are well anchored on ends, on the other hand fibres with low unit volume which disperse in large number in the material. The performances of several fibre lengths are compared. Test results showed that, the matrix creep is reduced by the fibres reinforced ; furthermore the drying kinetic is modified. Two predicting models are compared to test data. If creep deformations under uniaxial efforts are slightly reduced the observed flexural creep deflection with some fibres is twice smaller, with reference to the matrix. A phenomenological explanation is proposed. Shrinkage, creep and material cracking interaction favourable to fibres concrete exhibited by prediction. At last, fibres improved the matrix flexural fatigue. These effects are quantified (S-N curves) correlated with the static test by the deflection analysis
Abo, Al-Kheer Abd Al-Kareem. "Intégration des concepts d'optimisation et de fiabilité dans la conception des machines agricoles." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563690.
Full textFogue, Médard. "Critère de fatigue à longue durée de vie des états multi axiaux de contraintes sinusoïdales en phase et hors phase." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0030.
Full textFracture of mechanical parts in operation are induced mainly by fatigue ( 90%). The stress state are generally multiaxial but surprisingly,criteria which permit safety evaluation are few and not well based in theory and not well suited for practice. The multiaxial fatigue criterion proposed in this report is based on quadratic average of the intensity of tangential and normal stress. This criterion satisfies theoretical requirements and all practical consequences as diagrams of HAIGH in traction and torsion are deduced from it. The validity domain in τ(-1)/σ(-1) is between 0,577 and 0,866. A general program of calculation has been developed. The criterion has been validated by tests found in the technical literature following an original method of statistical validation applied to the comparison of the equivalent stress and of fatigue limit σ(-1). The criterion is qualified for 70 to 80 % of studied tests
Luong, Viet Dung. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation numérique des phénomènes d’endommagement par fatigue des emballages." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS012.
Full textIn this thesis, we have experimentally characterized compact and corrugated cardboard packaging using specific tests that reproduce transport conditions. After carrying out tensile tests to characterize the orthotropic behavior of papers and cardboard, we determined by static compression tests the box compressive strength (BCT) of the cardboard and corrugated cardboard boxes. For the dynamic analysis, we conducted random vibration and shock experiments on these packages. We then implemented an orthotropic elastoplastic behavior model (IPE) for papers and cardboard in Abaqus software using the VUMAT user program. We also proposed a homogenization of the IPE model for corrugated cardboard, which we implemented in the Abaqus software using the UGENS user program. We have shown that the IPE elastoplastic model allows a very satisfactory description of the static and dynamic behavior of cardboard boxes.The use of the homogenized IPE model allowed, on the one hand, the easy design of the geometry, and on the other hand, the significant reduction in computation times. The results obtained with the homogenized model compared verywell with those obtained with the full 3D model and the experimental results in statics and dynamics. Finally, for the simulation of the fatigue tests, we carried out simulations of successive impact tests until the box was damaged, and we used a fatigue model in the Fe-Safe software to determine the fatigue life of the boxes. The results of the simulations obtained show that our model makes it possible to well reproduce the experimental results for the three endurance zones of the damage boundary curves
Nguyen, Thi Thu Huyen. "Effet des hétérogénéités microstructurales sur le comportement en fatigue multiaxiale à grand nombre de cycles : application à l'usinage assisté laser." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004274.
Full textDjebili, Omar. "Contribution à la maintenance prédictive par analyse vibratoire des composants mécaniques tournants. Application aux butées à billes soumises à la fatigue de contact de roulement." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS030/document.
Full textThe bearing is one of the most important components of rotating machines. Nevertheless, in normal conditions of use, it is subject to fatigue which creates a defect called a rolling fatigue spalling. In this work, we present a follow-up of the thrust bearing fatigue on a test bench. Vibration analysis is a method used to characterize the defect. In order to obtain the fatigue curve more adjusted, we have studied the vibration level according to statistical indicators: the Root Mean Square value (RMS value), which is one of the best indicators to show the evolution of the bearing degradation. The approach follows the working of the bearing until the degradation with an on line acquisition of vibration statements in form of time signals. With the signal treatment, we obtain the values of the vibration amplitudes which characterize the vibration state of the bearing. Consequently, these values allow us to plot the fatigue curves. During our experimental work, this operation is applied for a batch of thrust bearings for which we have obtained similar fatigue curves where the evolution trend follows a mathematical model from the detection of the onset of the first spall. The result of this work will contribute to predict the working residual time before failure
Mesmacque, Alexandre. "Étude de l'endommagement des polymères en transport pneumatique." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-326.pdf.
Full textToumi, Mohamed Yessine. "Étude de l'endommagement des composants mécaniques soumis à de la fatigue de roulement dans le cadre d'une maintenance prédictive : cas des butées à billes." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS033.
Full textThe bearing is an essential element in the design of rotating machines. In an industrial context, bearing failure can have extremely costly consequences. Predictive maintenance minimizes the intervention costs and warns about the state of fatigue of the mechanical component. In this frame, we propose a study of the rolling contact fatigue damage applied to thrust ball bearings. This study is twofold: numerical and experimental. The first axis consists in establishing a dynamic three-dimensional numerical model of the cyclic shift of a ball on a running surface in the presence of an indent, using the finite element method. An estimation of the size evolution of a surface initiated spall depending on loading cycles is also performed. These results are consistent with laboratory tests executed in the same conditions using a fatigue test rig dedicated to ball bearings. The second axis consists in determining a vibratory indicator using modal analysis to estimate the on-line structural damage level of the ball bearing in the presence of an indent. The technique developed in this work enables monitoring the evolution of the modal damping values based on the life cycles determined from tests in static and dynamic modes. This study will contribute to estimate the residual life of the mechanical component after onset of a spall using the finite element method and accounting for the structural damage state
Delaux, David. "L'ingénierie de fiabilité dans le cycle de vie des systèmes mécatroniques automobiles Synthesis and validation of accelerated vibration durability tests Validation de la fiabilité des modules de refroidissement moteur par une personnalisation des essais vibratoire, choc thermique et pression cyclée Highly accelerated testing." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR10.
Full textThis research proposes new tools for designers of automotive mechatronic systems. These new methods are linked with the Product Life Cycle which can be described by: Predictive Reliability, Experimental Reliability and Operational Reliability. Three problematics are exposed : 1. How can we judge the severity of a failure observed in aggraved test HALT? An equivalent fatigue damage approach is used and realized on concrete case of converter/inverter. 2. How can we take into account the variability of the material and the environment in the Arrhenius’ model ? Three statistical models are built and used on a mechatronic sensor in climatic test. 3. Thanks Financial data of warranty cost, how can we estimate the system reliability performance ? Two new probabilistic models are introduced and applied on concrete warranty returns
Degeilh, Robin. "Développement expérimental et modélisation d’un essai de fatigue avec gradient thermique de paroi pour application aube de turbine monocristalline." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0019/document.
Full textMonocrystalline high pressure turbine blades are booth cooled by an internal channel network and side-wall crossing holes. As they undergo complex thermo-mechanical cycles they suffer fatigue, creep and oxidation damages. In order to validate lifetime prediction chain under real conditions of use, the study of technological test configurations reproducing turbine cycle conditions was necessary. For that, a thermal gradient mechanical fatigue facility is developed. Thermal gradient is generated through an external surface heating and an internal air cooling. As a result, tests could be conducted following a growing complexity on smooth and multi-perforated tubular specimens going from isothermal test up to thermo-mechanical complex cycle. The need of in-depth analysis of these tests led to the study of two measurement methods. The electrical potential drop method for crack detection and crack following applied to complex shapes and digital image correlation which use was extended to high temperatures. Simulation key issue is the thermal field estimation. Measurement complexity led us to numerically determine it by various methods including aero-thermal coupled calculations. Finally lifetime prediction chain including non-local coverage was confronted with experimental measurements in terms of mechanical response, damage localisation and crack initiation lifetime
Marnier, Gaël. "Etude des effets de mémoire de pré-écrouissage affectant le comportement mécanique cyclique de matériaux métalliques présentant différents modes de glissement des dislocations." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0018/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the effect of a pre-hardening, either monotonic or cyclic, on the cyclic behavior and the fatigue life during tension-compression tests at room temperature. Materials used are a nickel-chromium alloy (80-20%), a 316L austenitic stainless steel and OFHC pure copper. They present an increasing ease to the cross-slip : a deformation mechanism identified as a key parameter to understand the distinct memory effect sensibilities existing between materials.Cyclic stress-strain curves obtained from sequential loadings on prestrained samples are compared to the ones of virgin materials. Such comparison allows plotting memory effect maps. According to these memory plots, different pre-hardening effects exist and their origins are discussed through a stress-partition analysis. Finally, fatigue tests are carried out for each domain of the prestrain memory and their consequences on fatigue life are discussed
Roukieh, Samir. "Contribution des commandes optimale, à structure variable, et par logique floue à la synthèse des suspensions automobile." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0043.
Full textGautier, Guillaume. "Diagnostic vibratoire des systèmes mécaniques par subspace fitting." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4026/document.
Full textIn this thesis, a subspace fitting (SF) method is presented for the identification of mechanical parameters and assessment of the health condition of vibrating structures. The SF method attempts to extract, from subspace identification methods (4SID), a system observability matrix of the system and correlate them with a theoretical observability matrix. The originality of this work is to obtain the theoretical observability matrix from a finite element model (EF) of the structure. By adjusting unknown parameters of the FE model, the mechanical properties of the vibrating structure are identified. Computational costs of such a procedure are reduced by considering a model reduction method based on the excitations and sensors location. The method is evaluated for the identification of natural frequencies of a vibrating structure. Numerical and experimental applications are assessed to show the relevance of such an approach. In particular, it is highlighted that the SF method can accurately identify the natural frequencies of a structure to high noise levels