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1
Fingas, Mervin F., Mark A. Bobra, and Ronald K. Velicogna. "LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL AND NATURAL DISPERSABILITY OF OIL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, no. 1 (April 1, 1987): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-241.
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ABSTRACT We have reviewed the laboratory testing of the chemical and natural dispersion of oil, noting the weaknesses of the Mackay test and comparing it to other methods. Results of both chemical and natural dispersion tests show that anomalous test results are produced in the Mackay apparatus at 0° C. This is attributed to preferential viscous shearing when the oil viscosity is 30 to 200 centistokes (cs). A new test uses a small swirling flask. Dispersant effectiveness results for ten oils from the Mackay, Labofina, and swirling flask tests were compared and the correlation found to be low. Results from the new swirling flask test correlate well with physical property data, especially viscosity. Each laboratory test produces somewhat unique results, and no way has yet been found to determine which test most accurately represents reality.
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Smith, C., and B. Lee. "The MacKay Phenomenon: Is it All Hand-Waving?" Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970340.
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When a table-tennis bat with a light-bulb in its centre is waved about by another person in a stroboscopically lit room, the light appears to float free from the bat, although it is physically fixed. A related phenomenon was reported originally by MacKay [1958 Nature (London)180 507 – 508)]. This illusion disappears in an active condition, where observers move the bat with their own hands, which suggests a proprioceptive basis for the illusion. In our implementation with a Power Macintosh computer, the illusion occurred in both conditions. Thus ‘hand-waving’ is not inherent to the illusion but may exert its effect indirectly by promoting predictive eye-tracking movements. To test the hypothesis that the perceived position of the bulb is extrapolated between a visual icon, tied to retinal coordinates, and its actual physical location thus causing the displace-ment illusion, we performed two experiments. From experiment 1 we found that for simple one-dimensional movement, the displacement illusion occurs only when there is a change in direction such that the bulb appears to ‘overshoot’ the bat. In experiment 2, using random two-dimensional movement, we manipulated the length of the dark (non-visible) period. The overshoot increased from around 30 min arc at 65 ms to around 60 min arc at 300 ms. For longer dark periods (up to 2000 ms), the illusion occurred providing the change in direction was within the 300 ms window after stimulus offset. These results show that during discontinuous illumination, perceived location is determined by extrapolation.
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Kariya, Shin, Mitsuhiro Okano, Takaya Higaki, Tomoyasu Tachibana, Toru Rikimaru, and Kazunori Nishizaki. "Lund–Mackay Computed Tomography Score Is Associated With Obstructive Pulmonary Function Changes in Chronic Cough Patients." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 33, no. 3 (January 18, 2019): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892418825094.
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Background A remarkable relationship between upper airway conditions and lung diseases has been reported. At the same time, sinonasal findings in chronic cough patients have not been fully examined. Objective The purpose of this study is to show paranasal sinus findings and lung function in chronic cough patients without asthma and chest X-ray abnormalities. Methods A total of 1412 patients with persistent cough were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 376 patients were evaluated for further examination, as the patients with asthma and/or chest X-ray abnormality were excluded from the study. Normal control subjects without any chronic respiratory symptoms were also recruited. Pulmonary function was examined by spirometry. A bronchial obstruction reversibility test was applied. The Lund–Mackay computed tomography (CT) score, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and immunoglobulin E concentration in serum samples were examined. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test was used to determine the severity of clinical symptoms. Results The patients with an abnormal soft tissue shadow in the paranasal sinus had significant obstructive lung function. The percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0) and the FEV1.0/forced vital capacity ratio negatively correlated with Lund–Mackay CT scores both before and after bronchodilator inhalation. There was a statistically significant correlation between pulmonary function and eosinophil count. Conclusion The patients with chronic cough frequently had paranasal sinus abnormalities. The Lund–Mackay CT score may be useful for assessing the condition of the lower airway in chronic cough patients. Upper airway examinations should play a part in the management of chronic cough.
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Dudvarski, Zoran, Ljiljana Janosevic, Ivica Pendjer, Vojko Djukic, Snezana Jesic, Milovan Dimitrijevic, and Nenad Arsovic. "Impact of rhinosinusal polyposis on CT score in patients with chronic rhinosinustis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 3 (2010): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1003209d.
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Background/Aim. Chronic sinusitis is a disease characterized with mucosal inflammatoion of nasal and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 weeks. In order to assess the extent and severity of inflammatory changes in paranasal sinuses CT score according to Lund-Mackay is the most commonly used. Recent studies show the possibility of existing different subtipes of chronic rhinosinusitis, pointing out the presence of nasal polyps and their influence on the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of sinonasal polyposis on the extensity of inflammatory changes on computerized tomography (CT), evaluated by the Lund-Mackay CT score. Methods. A prospective study compared the Lund-Mackay CT score values between the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis associated with nasal polyps and those without them. We determined mean values of the total CT score in both groups of the patients, as well as mean values of CT score for each group of sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes. Results. The study included 90 patients, 47 males and 43 females, 45-year old on average, diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis on the basis of diagnostic algorithm. The group with uncomplicated chronic rhinosinusitis (without nasal polyps) consisted of 30 patients and the group with complicated chronic rhinosinusitis (with nasal polyps) of 60 patients. Observing these two groups of patients revealed statistically highly important intergroup difference in CT score for each group of sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes. The mean value of total CT score in the group with uncomplicated chronic rhinosinusitis was 4.37 while in the group with complicated chronic rhinosinusitis it was 16.05 (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Chronic rhinosinusitis complicated by sinonasal polyposis is characterized with more extensive inflammatory changes on CT and, consequently, with higher CT score for each group of sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes, as well as higher total CT score.
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Milojevic, Michael. "Robert Mackay Fripp in the 1890s: Peripatetic Pacific Rim Architect." Architectural History Aotearoa 4 (October 31, 2007): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v4i0.6746.
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When the 30-year old English-born, Auckland-trained Robert Mackay Fripp (1858-1917) and his New Zealand bride left the port of Auckland in the late summer of 1888, they were headed for the bustling construction environment of post-fire Vancouver. Leaving his practice with C Paul, and his architectural design tutorship at the Auckland Society of the Arts, Fripp's was an astute career move. In the not quite eight years Fripp was based in Vancouver, he built and published almost 50 projects in British Columbia before he escaped the fast-approaching Vancouver recession and returned to Auckland in 1896. Attempting to put himself forward for more prestigious commissions in the Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island (which regularly went to Samuel Maclure), Fripp developed a national profile as an Arts and Crafts aesthete and designer with considerable international experience by publishing his drawings and reporting on the "West Coast scene" in the Toronto-based Canadian Architect and Builder (CAB). Among the local-interest articles there, which he consistently turned into a crabby proselytising for the Arts and Crafts, Fripp also placed both appreciative and critical articles and notes on Māori architecture and domestic design, and timber and construction in Auckland, and, even more surprisingly, he continued to do so throughout the 1890s, that is, long after he returned to New Zealand and set-up in partnership with GS Goldsboro' in Auckland. Meanwhile in the 33 months Fripp was back in Auckland from 1896 he realised a number of substantive and significant Auckland houses in Parnell, Grafton and Mount Eden. In these works I will show that he can be seen to have brought current "progressive" ideas from the West Coast about strongly-shaped shingled and half-timbered houses simply detailed with heavy timber to stand within the strong ocean coastal conditions. Fripp left for Victoria in 1899 and after some disappointing (losing the competition for Government House to Francis Rattenbury) months, during which he posted a scathing report in CAB about house design in Auckland, he moved to Los Angeles renting office space immediately adjacent to the Greene brothers executing and publishing a series of large (as yet undiscovered) houses in and around Santa Monica and Pasadena throughout 1900-5.
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Fingas, Merv. "A Review of Natural Dispersion Models." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 285471. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-285471.1.
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Natural dispersion occurs when fine droplets of oil are transferred into the water column by wave action or sea turbulence. Depending on oil conditions and the amount of sea energy available, natural dispersion can be insignificant or it can temporarily displace a portion of the oil. Current models predict the amount of oil entering the water column, but do not deal with their stability or how long these droplets stay in the water column. The most commonly-used model is by Delvigne, who carried out experiments in a flume. Delvigne measured the droplets entering the water column using a simplified procedure. These data were then converted to a model to predict the entry of droplets into the water column. Delvigne recommended procedures to calculate the resurfacing of the dispersed droplets but no models have implemented these. A review of the mathematics of this procedure show that the Delvigne model might be adjusted to be more unit consistent and to correctly incorporate oil viscosity. The other models used include the Audunson and Mackay models. These models are also reviewed. The Audunson model is simple and does not incorporate any inputs other than the wind speed. Further, the Audunson model predicts that most slicks will dissipate within a day or a few days. The Mackay model predicts little natural dispersion. Although the Mackay model incorporates a sea state function, the effect of this is not as great as in other models. Several issues have been noted about all natural dispersion models. These are: 1 In all cases natural dispersion models predicted the input of droplets into the water column and suggestions were made about predicting rise and resurfacing, but this important second part was never implemented by anyone,2 The natural dispersion predicted was measured as a temporary phenomenon - that is the instantaneous input of droplets into the water column. The persistence was not measured. The equation was designed to yield only the temporary transport in the water. Later workers assumed that the natural dispersion portion was permanently dispersed, and3 All models over-predict natural dispersion, especially in cases of low sea states.
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Francis, Gregory, and Stephen Grossberg. "Cortical Dynamics of Boundary Segmentation and Reset: Persistence, Afterimages, and Residual Traces." Perception 25, no. 5 (May 1996): 543–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250543.
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In previous work with a neural-network model of boundary segmentation and reset, the percept of persistence was linked to the duration of a boundary segmentation after stimulus offset. In particular, the model simulated the decrease of persistence duration with an increase in stimulus duration and luminance. Further evidence is revealed for the neural mechanisms involved in the theory. Simulations show that the model reset signals generate orientational afterimages, such as the MacKay effect, when the reset signals can be grouped by a subsequent boundary segmentation that generates illusory contours through them. Simulations also show that the same mechanisms explain properties of residual traces, which increase in duration with stimulus duration and luminance. The model hereby discloses previously unsuspected mechanistic links between data about persistence and afterimages, and helps to clarify the sometimes controversial issues surrounding distinctions between persistence, residual traces, and afterimages.
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Ruseckienė, Rasa. "That Rune Will Unlock Time’s Labyrinth…: Old Norse Themes and Motifs in George Mackay Brown’s Poetry." Scandinavistica Vilnensis, no. 14 (May 27, 2019): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/scandinavisticavilnensis.2019.6.
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George Mackay Brown (1921–1996), an Orcadian poet, author and dramatist, was undoubtedly one of the finest Scottish creative voices of the twentieth century. He was greatly influenced by Old Norse literature, and this is reflected in his writings in many ways. The present article aims to trace and discuss Old Norse themes and motifs in Brown’s poetry. His rune poems, translations of the twelfthcentury skaldic verse, experimentation with skaldic kennings, as well as choosing saga personalities, such as Saint Magnus, Earl Rognvald of Orkney and others, as protagonists of the poems show the poet’s in-depth interest in the historical and literary legacy of his native Orkney and Old Norse culture in general.
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Kalińczak-Górna, Paulina, Kamil Radajewski, and Paweł Burduk. "Relationship between the Severity of Inflammatory Changes in Chronic Sinusitis and the Level of Vitamin D before and after the FESS Procedure." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 2836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132836.
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There have been a few reports confirming that vitamin D (VD3) deficiency increases inflammation in the paranasal sinuses. The work brings new information that, despite the presence of inflammation before surgery, patients with higher vitamin D levels had less inflammation, and this has been proven on three levels. We show that vitamin D levels clearly correlate with the severity of the disease in chronic sinusitis. These results have been confirmed in imaging studies (Lund MacKay scale), endoscopy (Lund-Kennedy scale) and in the SNOT 20 questionnaire. 40 patients suffering from chronic sinusitis were divided into two equal groups: group 1: with less severe radiological changes (10 or less points on the Lund-Mackay scale), group 2: with a more advanced form (>10 points). The relationship between VD3 and the severity of the disease (clinical and nasal endoscopy) was assessed. The mean VD3 level in patients in group 2 before surgery was lower (23.01 ng/mL) than in group 1 (28.02 ng/mL) (p < 0.05). They presented a higher degree of advanced changes in all the above scales, i.e., before the SNOT 20 procedure, the mean was: group 1: 30.33, group 2: 31.80 (p < NS); Lund-Kennedy: group 1: 3.21, group 2: 6.30 (p < 0.05). After surgery an increase in VD3 levels was observed in both study groups: in group 1 to the value of 37.98 ng/mL (p < 0.002) and in group 2 to 27.67 ng/mL (p < 0.004). Lower VD3 levels were found in patients with a higher stage of the disease. Reduction of inflammation increases the level of VD3 and reduces subjective and objective symptoms of chronic inflammation.
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Taylor, Charles L., K. Michael Cline, William D. Page, and David P. Schwartz. "The Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake of October 28, 1983—Surface Faulting and Other Phenomena." Earthquake Spectra 2, no. 1 (November 1985): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585301.
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The Borah Peak Earthquake of October 28, 1983 occurred near MacKay, Idaho with about 42 km (26 mi) of complex normal-oblique-slip faulting on the Lost River fault. Associated with the surface faulting was strong ground shaking and dramatic cold-water geysers and hydrologic changes related to regional ground subsidence. Faulting occurred on pre-existing Quaternary-Holocene scarps as both single and en echelon traces with net vertical displacement of 2 to 3 m (6.6 to 9.8 ft) and up to 1 m (3 ft) of left lateral displacement. Although no earthquakes prior to 1983 are known to have been associated with this fault, there is abundant geomorphic evidence of late Quaternary activity. Other normal-slip faults in the basin and range of Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Nevada show similar geomorphic evidence of activity.
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Anta, Javier. "Make Information in Science Meaningful Again." Logos & Episteme 12, no. 3 (2021): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202112321.
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Although the everyday notion of information has clear semantic properties, the all-pervasive technical concept of Shannon information was defended being a non-semantic concept. In this paper I will show how this measure of information was implicitly ‘semantized’ in the early 1950s by many authors, such as Rothstein's or Brillouin's, in order to explain the knowledge dynamics underlying certain scientific practices such as measurement. On the other hand, I will argue that the main attempts in the literature to develop a quantitative measure of semantic information to clarify science and scientific measurements, such as Carnap-Bar-Hillel, or Dretske, will not successfully achieve this philosophical aim for several reasons. Finally, I will defend the use of a qualitative notion of semantic information within the information-theoretical framework MacKay to assess the informational dynamics underlying scientific practices, particularly measurements in statistical mechanics.
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Starks, Donna. "Distinct, but not too distinct." English World-Wide 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.21.2.06sta.
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This paper shows how a rapid taped survey is used to collect language samples from four New Zealand speech communities. It details the methodology in the study, and presents an analysis of one variable, (s) fronting. This variable is of special interest because, although phoneticians have noted that English speakers sometimes produce this sound in different ways (MacKay 1987: 98; Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996), the sociolinguistic literature does not mention (s) as a variable, apart from references to the homosexual community (Taylor 1998). The findings show that males and females in the majority New Zealand European community use different proportions of the fronted variant of (s), and that minority ethnic groups align themselves around these gender differences in various ways. The paper differs from most research on language and ethnicity in its focus on the similarities between the majority and minority groups, rather than on the differences.
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Taylor, B. A. "Predicting normalised monthly patterns of domestic external water demand using rainfall and temperature data." Water Supply 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.125.
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An Australian national approach is presented to predict monthly patterns of local domestic external water demand from climatic indices of daily rainfall and maximum temperature. The model, which can be rapidly applied to potentially any location in Australia, has been verified by measured monthly external water demand at Adelaide, Bundaberg, Emerald, Fraser Coast, Gold Coast, Mackay, Melbourne, Newcastle, Perth and Toowoomba. The survey data represents demands in periods prior to, during and after the millennium drought of 2001–2005 by discontinuously spanning 25 years from 1985 to 2010. The model avoids local calibration through a national regression of parameters. A demand index is produced that predicts daily proportions of annual demand. Results show that the model is capable of identifying 90% of the spatial and temporal variability in water demand, based on daily index summations by month. This research is useful for reliability estimates of intermittent water supplies, such as rainwater harvesting.
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Munday, Rodrick. "Similar fact evidence: Identity cases and striking similarity." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399361018.
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ENGLISH law sets out from the proposition that, lest it prejudice the tribunal, the prosecution in a criminal case may not adduce evidence that an accused has committed any wrongdoing other than the offence(s) actually charged. Although other misconduct evidence is still supposed only to be admitted if strongly relevant to the issues being tried, over the years the courts have steadily relaxed this self-denying ordinance. Most recently, in D.P.P. v. P [1992] 2 A.C. 447 Lord Mackay L.C. abandoned the view espoused by members of the House of Lords in D.P.P. v. Boardman [1975] A.C. 421 that other misconduct evidence may only be adduced if it displays a “striking similarity” to the misconduct charged. He declared that in determining its admissibility a judge had only to consider whether the probative force of the other misconduct was “sufficiently great to make it just to admit the evidence, notwithstanding that it is prejudicial to the accused in tending to show that he was guilty of another crime” (p. 460).
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A. Khuwaileh, Abdullah. "ESP after thirty years: an overview of the position of ESP in the 1990s." Linguistica 36, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.36.1.103-110.
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In the view of many ESP practitioners and thinkers, the year 1962 has increasingly been considered the year which marks the birth of ESP, the son of ELT (see.for example, Swales 1985: 1-3). The year 1992 could mark the thirtieth birthday of ESP which is a good opportunity to reconsider the sttus of ESP, which is arquably now. The article of Barber (1962) 'Some measurable characteristics of modern scientific prose? indicated clearly the birth of ESP. On the basis of these considerations, the principal aim of this paper is to take a fresh look at ESP and its status in terms of its current issues and recent drawbacks.Although there has been a common agreement among ESP practitioners, applied linguists, etc. that ESP should not be separated from ELT (Mackay and Mountford 1978 and Widdonwson 1983: 83, for instance), the real and actual conditions of ESP demonstrate that it has started to distant itself from ELT. In fact, the recent circum stances of ESP show celarly that there have been some general trends which are ESP bound and perhaps have nothing to do with ELT.
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Mackay, Alastair M., Alexandra M. Ainsztein, D. Mark Eckley, and William C. Earnshaw. "A Dominant Mutant of Inner Centromere Protein (INCENP), a Chromosomal Protein, Disrupts Prometaphase Congression and Cytokinesis." Journal of Cell Biology 140, no. 5 (March 9, 1998): 991–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.140.5.991.
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INCENP is a tightly bound chromosomal protein that transfers to the spindle midzone at the metaphase/anaphase transition. Here, we show that an INCENP truncation mutant (INCENP382–839) associates with microtubules but does not bind to chromosomes, and coats the entire spindle throughout mitosis. Furthermore, an INCENP truncation mutant (INCENP43–839) previously shown not to transfer to the spindle at anaphase (Mackay, A.M., D.M. Eckley, C. Chue, and W.C. Earnshaw. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:373–385), is shown here to bind chromosomes, but is unable to target to the centromere. Thus, association with the chromosomes, and specifically with centromeres, appears to be essential for INCENP targeting to the correct spindle subdomain at anaphase. An INCENP truncation mutant (INCENP1–405) that targets to centromeres but lacks the microtubule association region acquires strong dominant-negative characteristics. INCENP1–405 interferes with both prometaphase chromosome alignment and the completion of cytokinesis. INCENP1–405 apparently exerts its effect by displacing the endogenous protein from centromeres. These experiments provide evidence of an unexpected link between this chromosomal protein and cytokinesis, and suggest that one function of INCENP may be to integrate the chromosomal and cytoskeletal events of mitosis.
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Lawrence, Michael G., Stacy D. Jupiter, and Balz S. Kamber. "Aquatic geochemistry of the rare earth elements and yttrium in the Pioneer River catchment, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 7 (2006): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05229.
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The rare earth elements are strong provenance indicators in geological materials, yet the potential for tracing provinciality in surface freshwater samples has not been adequately tested. Rare earth element and yttrium concentrations were measured at 33 locations in the Pioneer River catchment, Mackay, central Queensland, Australia. The rare earth element patterns were compared on the basis of geological, topographical and land-use features in order to investigate the provenancing potential of these elements in a small freshwater system. The rare earth element patterns of streams draining single lithological units with minor land modification show strongly coherent normalised behaviour, with a loss of coherence in agricultural locations. Evidence is reported for an anthropogenic Gd anomaly that may provide a useful hydrological tracer in this region since the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging in 2003. Several samples display a superchondritic Y/Ho mass ratio (up to 44), which is not explainable within the constraints imposed by local geology. Instead, it is suggested that the additional Y is derived from a marine source, specifically marine phosphorites, which are a typical source of fertiliser phosphorus. The data indicate that, under some circumstances, scaled and normalised freshwater rare earth patterns behave conservatively.
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Wu, Pei-Wen, Chien-Chia Huang, Yun-Shien Lee, Yung-Chih Chou, Kang-Hsing Fan, Chien-Yu Lin, Bing-Shen Huang, et al. "Post-Irradiation Sinus Mucosa Disease in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated with Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy." Cancers 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010225.
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In the past decade, patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) have been deemed candidates for proton radiotherapy, due to the large and comprehensive target volumes and the necessity for the retention of the surrounding healthy tissues. In this study, we aimed to compare the incidence and severity of post-irradiation sinusitis by detecting sinus mucosa diseases (SMDs) via the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with NPC after intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). A total of 53 patients in the IMPT group and 54 patients in the VMAT group were enrolled in this study. There were significantly lower endoscopic scores and Lund–Mackay staging scores determined from MRI scans in the IMPT group during different follow-up periods. For the most vulnerable sinuses, the incidence and severity of SMD were the highest during the third post-radiotherapy month in both groups. These decreased steadily, and there was no significant increase in the incidence and severity of SMD during the second post-radiotherapy year in the IMPT group. Our data show that NPC patients with IMPT have a significantly lower incidence and decreased severity of SMD than those with VMAT. A better and faster recovery of sinonasal function after radiotherapy in the IMPT group was also observed.
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Savage, Jeni E., Margaret A. Bradshaw, and Kari N. Bassett. "Marginal marine depositional setting and correlation of the Devonian Sperm Bluff Formation (Taylor Group), southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 25, no. 6 (April 16, 2013): 767–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000205.
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AbstractAnalysis of conglomerates and sandstones of the Sperm Bluff Formation at the base of the Taylor Group (Devonian) between the Mackay Glacier and Bull Pass provides new insights into the nature of initial coarse-grained deposition on basement along the northern side of the McMurdo sedimentary basin. Six lithofacies are recognized in the Sperm Bluff Formation: conglomerate lithofacies, pebbly sandstone lithofacies, cross-bedded sandstone lithofacies, low-angle cross-stratified sandstone lithofacies, bioturbated sandstone lithofacies and interbedded siltstone/sandstone lithofacies. Sedimentary environments ranged from wave-dominated delta, estuary or lagoon to shoreface and inner shelf. The assemblage is thought to reflect changes in sea level. Rhyolite is the most abundant clast type in the coarse lithofacies, but is unknown in outcrop in southern Victoria Land. The rhyolites correlate in age and geochemistry with Cambrian granites in the basement. Coarse beds also contain numerous quartzite clasts, probably derived from the late Precambrian Skelton Group. Palaeocurrents on Mount Suess indicate a strong unimodal flow to the west, but other sites show polymodal palaeoflow. The Sperm Bluff Formation is correlated with Terra Cotta Siltstone, New Mountain Sandstone and Altar Mountain formations based on the lithology of sandstones and their ichnology. A northward onlap during the Early Devonian is indicated.
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Lewis, Alun, Per S. Daling, Tove Strøm-Kristiansen, Atle B. Nordvik, and Robert J. Fiocco. "WEATHERING AND CHEMICAL DISPERSION OF OIL AT SEA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-157.
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ABSTRACT Small-scale laboratory methods were used to simulate the weathering processes that occur when crude oil is spilled at sea. Changes caused by evaporation and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsification were studied separately. W/o emulsions were assessed for chemical dispersibility using the Institut Français du Petrole (IFP) and Mackay-Nadeau-Steel-man (MNS) methods. Larger scale experiments were performed in a meso-scale flume. Crude oil was weathered for three days and then sprayed with dispersant. The results show that emulsion breaking is an important part of the mechanism of chemical dispersion. IFP, MNS, and Warren Spring Laboratory (WSL) tests, conducted on w/o emulsions recovered from the flume, produced much lower levels of dispersion than did treatment in the flume. The standard test procedures do not permit emulsion breaking to proceed to the extent observed in the flume. A sea trial also was conducted. Preliminary evaluation of the results shows that dispersant application partially broke the w/o emulsion that had rapidly formed. Dispersion proceeded at a slow rate but the treated slick was removed from the surface more rapidly than the control slick. The degree of dispersion was difficult to quantify by visual observation due to the weather conditions. A combination of remote sensing, surface sampling, and subsurface fluorometry provided a more reliable estimate.
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Collier, John. "Kinds of Information in Scientific Use." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v9i2.278.
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There are many different mathematical definitions of information that have their various uses, but I will be concerned with notions of information used in applications in various branches of science that are distinguished by their topic, i.e., what they apply to. I describe the major uses information, and show their relations to each other. I will argue that the various uses form a nested hierarchy, in which each is a restriction on the previous, inheriting the properties of its predecessor, but adding in new features that make it a special case. The lowest level is physical information determined by distinctions and the highest is explicit representation in linguistic social communication. Is there anything common to information at all these levels? I will argue that there is, and that information in each case is what Donald MacKay (1969) called a distinction that makes a difference. What distinguishes the use of information at each level is what distinctions make a causal difference at that level. At each successive level distinctions that make a difference at a previous level make no difference at that level. In order to create this sort of filter new levels have to be formed by cohesion peculiar to the identifying characteristics at that level. A consequence of this view is that information must have causal powers, and that there is a tight connection between information and causation
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Collier, John. "Kinds of Information in Scientific Use." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol9iss2pp295-304.
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There are many different mathematical definitions of information that have their various uses, but I will be concerned with notions of information used in applications in various branches of science that are distinguished by their topic, i.e., what they apply to. I describe the major uses information, and show their relations to each other. I will argue that the various uses form a nested hierarchy, in which each is a restriction on the previous, inheriting the properties of its predecessor, but adding in new features that make it a special case. The lowest level is physical information determined by distinctions and the highest is explicit representation in linguistic social communication. Is there anything common to information at all these levels? I will argue that there is, and that information in each case is what Donald MacKay (1969) called a distinction that makes a difference. What distinguishes the use of information at each level is what distinctions make a causal difference at that level. At each successive level distinctions that make a difference at a previous level make no difference at that level. In order to create this sort of filter new levels have to be formed by cohesion peculiar to the identifying characteristics at that level. A consequence of this view is that information must have causal powers, and that there is a tight connection between information and causation
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Shang, Haojie, Lihua Cheng, Jixin Huang, Lixin Wang, and Yanshu Yin. "A Deep Learning Method for Facies Recognition from Core Images and Its Application: A Case Study of Mackay River Oil Sands Reservoir." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010465.
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There is a large amount of drilling core data in the Mackay River oil sands block in Canada, and the accurate identification of facies from the cores is important and necessary for the understanding of the subsurface reservoir. The traditional recognition method of facies from cores is by human work and is very time consuming. Furthermore, the results are different according to different geologists because of the subjective judgment criterion. An efficient and objective method is important to solve the above problem. In this paper, the deep learning image-recognition algorithm is used to automatically and intelligently recognize the facies type from the core image. Through a series of high-reliability preprocessing operations, such as cropping, segmentation, rotation transformation, and noise removal of the original core image, that have been manually identified, the key feature information in the images is extracted based on the ResNet50 convolutional neural network. On the dataset of about 200 core images from 13 facies, an intelligent identification system of facies from core images is constructed, which realizes automatic facies identification from core images. Comparing this method with traditional convolutional neural networks and support vector machines (SVM), the results show that the recognition accuracy of this model is as high as 91.12%, which is higher than the other two models. It is also shown that for a relatively special dataset, such as core images, it is necessary to rely on their global features in order to classify them, and, with a large similarity between some of the categories, it is extremely difficult to classify them. The selection of a suitable neural network model can have a great impact on the accuracy of recognition results. Then, the recognized facies are input as hard data to construct the three-dimensional facies model, which reveals the complex heterogeneity and distribution of the subsurface reservoir for further exploration and development.
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Espersen, Julia, Ursula Weber, Ariane Römer-Franz, Thomas Lenarz, Stefan R. O. Stolle, and Athanasia Warnecke. "Level of sex hormones and their association with acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and nasal polyposis." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): e0243732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243732.
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Background Chronic rhinosinusitis may be associated with nasal polyposis. Recurrence of disease is often observed and may be due to an intolerance of acetylsalicylic acid. Sex hormones are known to modulate allergic reactions and inflammation. Whether they may be involved in the development and progression of nasal polyposis has not been investigated yet. Aim Examine the relationship between levels of sex hormones and nasal polyposis. Methods Hormonal levels (estradiol, testosterone and progesterone) in patients with nasal polyposis (n = 26) with or without acetylsalicylic acid-intolerance were determined and compared to hormonal levels in patients with septal deviation (n = 35). Cone-beam computed tomography scans were analysed by using scores as defined by Lund and Mackay and by Kennedy. Results Our results show a 5 times greater odds (p = 0.01) for developing nasal polyposis in the presence of lowered estradiol plasma levels than in the presence of normal / elevated levels. When analyzing females and males separately, a 6 times greater odds for females to develop nasal polyposis in the presence of lowered estradiol plasma levels was calculated (p = 0.02). Thus, females are more likely to develop nasal polyposis when they have lowered estradiol levels than males. In addition, female patients showed an increased risk for developing ASA intolerance (p = 0.01). Conclusion Variation of sex hormones may be involved in nasal polyposis. Further studies including more patients to validate the presented results are required. Significance Retrospective clinical investigation suggesting a correlation between varying sex hormones and nasal polyposis.
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SOTIROPOULOS, FOTIS, YIANNIS VENTIKOS, and TAHIRIH C. LACKEY. "Chaotic advection in three-dimensional stationary vortex-breakdown bubbles: šil'nikov's chaos and the devil's staircase." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 444 (September 25, 2001): 257–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001005286.
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We study the motion of non-diffusive, passive particles within steady, three-dimensional vortex breakdown bubbles in a closed cylindrical container with a rotating bottom. The velocity fields are obtained by solving numerically the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. We clarify the relationship between the manifold structure of axisymmetric (ideal) vortex breakdown bubbles and those of the three-dimensional real-life (laboratory) flow fields, which exhibit chaotic particle paths. We show that the upstream and downstream fixed hyperbolic points in the former are transformed into spiral-out and spiral-in saddles, respectively, in the latter. Material elements passing repeatedly through the two saddle foci undergo intense stretching and folding, leading to the growth of infinitely many Smale horseshoes and sensitive dependence on initial conditions via the mechanism discovered by šil'nikov (1965). Chaotic šil'nikov orbits spiral upward (from the spiral-in to the spiral-out saddle) around the axis and then downward near the surface, wrapping around the toroidal region in the interior of the bubble. Poincaré maps reveal that the dynamics of this region is rich and consistent with what we would generically anticipate for a mildly perturbed, volume-preserving, three-dimensional dynamical system (MacKay 1994; Mezić & Wiggins 1994a). Nested KAM-tori, cantori, and periodic islands are found embedded within stochastic regions. We calculate residence times of upstream-originating non-diffusive particles and show that when mapped to initial release locations the resulting maps exhibit fractal properties. We argue that there exists a Cantor set of initial conditions that leads to arbitrarily long residence times within the breakdown region. We also show that the emptying of the bubble does not take place in a continuous manner but rather in a sequence of discrete bursting events during which clusters of particles exit the bubble at once. A remarkable finding in this regard is that the rate at which an initial population of particles exits the breakdown region is described by the devil's staircase distribution, a fractal curve that has been already shown to describe a number of other chaotic physical systems.
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Oliver, Jeremie D., Kaiser G. Lim, and Erin K. O’Brien. "Correlation of Exhaled Nasal Nitric Oxide With Sinus Computed Tomography and Sinonasal Outcome Test Scores: A Cross-sectional Pilot Study." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 32, no. 6 (September 21, 2018): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892418801389.
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Background Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses is the diagnostic reference standard for chronic rhinosinusitis and related inflammatory sinus pathology. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels have been investigated as a diagnostic tool in sinus disease because it decreases with sinus obstruction. Objective The primary aim of the study was to determine the correlation of passive (baseline) and dynamic (humming) nNO to CT findings of sinus inflammation and to sinonasal symptoms measured by the modified Sinonasal Outcome Test (26 items) (SNOT-26). Methods From June 2015 through January 2016, subjects had baseline and humming nNO levels measured with a chemiluminescence NO analyzer, and each subject underwent CT imaging and completed the SNOT-26 survey. CT images were scored using the Lund–Mackay (LM) system (LM scores >3 indicated sinus inflammation). Correlation was measured by linear and ordinal regression analysis that compared SNOT-26 scores, LM scores, and nNO measurements. Results Fourteen subjects were recruited. LM scores had a positive pairwise correlation with total SNOT-26 scores ( R2 = .1457; correlation = .3817) and nasal-specific SNOT-26 scores ( R2 = .4036; correlation = .6353). Baseline nasal nNO scores had a negative pairwise correlation with LM scores ( R2 = .1580; correlation = −.3582), total SNOT-26 scores ( R2 = .1515; correlation = −.3893), and nasal-specific SNOT-26 scores ( R2 = .0805; correlation = −.4343). Although baseline nNO levels correlated with LM and SNOT-26 scores, humming nNO levels did not show a similar correlation. Conclusion Baseline passive nNO may be a useful and inexpensive point-of-care screening test for sinonasal opacification.
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Sabokruhie, Pouya, Eric Akomeah, Tammy Rosner, and Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt. "Proof-of-Concept of a Quasi-2D Water-Quality Modelling Approach to Simulate Transverse Mixing in Rivers." Water 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213071.
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A quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) modelling approach is introduced to mimic transverse mixing of an inflow into a river from one of its banks, either an industrial outfall or a tributary. The concentrations of determinands in the inflow vary greatly from those in the river, leading to very long mixing lengths in the river downstream of the inflow location. Ideally, a two-dimensional (2D) model would be used on a small scale to capture the mixing of the two flow streams. However, for large-scale applications of several hundreds of kilometres of river length, such an approach demands too many computational resources and too much computational time, especially if the application will at some point require ensemble input from climate-change scenario data. However, a one-dimensional (1D) model with variables varying in the longitudinal flow direction but averaged across the cross-sections is too simple of an approach to capture the lateral mixing between different flow streams within the river. Hence, a quasi-2D method is proposed in which a simplified 1D solver is still applied but the discretisation of the model setup can be carried out in such a way as to enable a 2D representation of the model domain. The quasi-2D model setup also allows secondary channels and side lakes in floodplains to be incorporated into the discretisation. To show proof-of-concept, the approach has been tested on a stretch of the lower Athabasca River in Canada flowing through the oil sands region between Fort McMurray and Fort MacKay. A dye tracer and suspended sediments are the constituents modelled in this test case.
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Gestel, T. Van, J. A. K. Suykens, G. Lanckriet, A. Lambrechts, B. De Moor, and J. Vandewalle. "Bayesian Framework for Least-Squares Support Vector Machine Classifiers, Gaussian Processes, and Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis." Neural Computation 14, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 1115–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976602753633411.
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The Bayesian evidence framework has been successfully applied to the design of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) in the work of MacKay. Nevertheless, the training of MLPs suffers from drawbacks like the nonconvex optimization problem and the choice of the number of hidden units. In support vector machines (SVMs) for classification, as introduced by Vapnik, a nonlinear decision boundary is obtained by mapping the input vector first in a nonlinear way to a high-dimensional kernel-induced feature space in which a linear large margin classifier is constructed. Practical expressions are formulated in the dual space in terms of the related kernel function, and the solution follows from a (convex) quadratic programming (QP) problem. In least-squares SVMs (LS-SVMs), the SVM problem formulation is modified by introducing a least-squares cost function and equality instead of inequality constraints, and the solution follows from a linear system in the dual space. Implicitly, the least-squares formulation corresponds to a regression formulation and is also related to kernel Fisher discriminant analysis. The least-squares regression formulation has advantages for deriving analytic expressions in a Bayesian evidence framework, in contrast to the classification formulations used, for example, in gaussian processes (GPs). The LS-SVM formulation has clear primal-dual interpretations, and without the bias term, one explicitly constructs a model that yields the same expressions as have been obtained with GPs for regression. In this article, the Bayesian evidence frame-work is combined with the LS-SVM classifier formulation. Starting from the feature space formulation, analytic expressions are obtained in the dual space on the different levels of Bayesian inference, while posterior class probabilities are obtained by marginalizing over the model param-eters. Empirical results obtained on 10 public domain data sets show that the LS-SVM classifier designed within the Bayesian evidence framework consistently yields good generalization performances.
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NICHOLLS, DAVID P. "Spectral data for travelling water waves: singularities and stability." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 624 (April 10, 2009): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008005508.
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In this paper we take up the question of the spectral stability of travelling water waves from a new point of view, namely that the spectral data of the water-wave operator linearized about fully nonlinear Stokes waves is analytic as a function of a height parameter. This observation was recently made rigorous by the author using a boundary perturbation approach which is amenable to approximation by a stable high-order numerical method. Using this algorithm, we investigate, for both super- and sub-harmonic disturbances, the evolution of the spectrum, in particular the ‘first collision’ of eigenvalues and the ‘smallest singularity’ in the perturbation expansion. The former is studied in response to MacKay & Saffman's (1986) work on the water-wave problem which demonstrated that instability can only arise after the collision of two eigenvalues of opposite Krein signature. However, we present results which show, quite explicitly, that eigenvalue collision (even of opposite Krein signature) is insufficient to conclude instability. With this in mind, we have identified a new criterion for the loss of spectral stability, namely the appearance of a singularity in the expansion of the spectral data (as a function of the height parameter mentioned above). We give some heuristic reasons why this should be so, and then provide complete numerical spectral stability results for four representative depths, two above (h = ∞, 2) and two below (h = 1, 1/2) Benjamin's (1967) critical value, hc ≈ 1.363, above which the Benjamin–Feir instability emerges. We find that the strongest (two-dimensional) instability appears to be among the long waves, but we notice that there is a sharp difference between ‘shallow-water’ and ‘deep-water’ waves in that first eigenvalue collision and smallest expansion singularity are synonymous for shallow water, while this is not so in deep water where ‘windows of stability’ beyond the first eigenvalue collision exist.
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JAMES, GUILLAUME, BERNARDO SÁNCHEZ-REY, and JESÚS CUEVAS. "BREATHERS IN INHOMOGENEOUS NONLINEAR LATTICES: AN ANALYSIS VIA CENTER MANIFOLD REDUCTION." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 21, no. 01 (February 2009): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x09003578.
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We consider an infinite chain of particles linearly coupled to their nearest neighbors and subject to an anharmonic local potential. The chain is assumed weakly inhomogeneous, i.e. coupling constants, particle masses and on-site potentials can have small variations along the chain. We look for small amplitude and time-periodic solutions, and, in particular, spatially localized ones (discrete breathers). The problem is reformulated as a nonautonomous recurrence in a space of time-periodic functions, where the dynamics is considered along the discrete spatial coordinate. Generalizing to nonautonomous maps a center manifold theorem previously obtained for infinite-dimensional autonomous maps [44], we show that small amplitude oscillations are determined by finite-dimensional nonautonomous mappings, whose dimension depends on the solutions frequency. We consider the case of two-dimensional reduced mappings, which occur for frequencies close to the edges of the phonon band (computed for the unperturbed homogeneous chain). For an homogeneous chain, the reduced map is autonomous and reversible, and bifurcations of reversible homoclinic orbits or heteroclinic solutions are found for appropriate parameter values. These orbits correspond respectively to discrete breathers for the infinite chain, or "dark" breathers superposed on a spatially extended standing wave. Breather existence is shown in some cases for any value of the coupling constant, which generalizes (for small amplitude solutions) an existence result obtained by MacKay and Aubry at small coupling [57]. For an inhomogeneous chain, the study of the nonautonomous reduced map is in general far more involved. Here, the problem is considered when the chain presents a finite number of defects. For the principal part of the reduced recurrence, using the assumption of weak inhomogeneity, we show that homoclinics to 0 exist when the image of the unstable manifold under a linear transformation (depending on the defect sequence) intersects the stable manifold. This provides a geometrical understanding of tangent bifurcations of discrete breathers commonly observed in classes of systems with impurities as defect strengths are varied. The case of a mass impurity is studied in detail, and our geometrical analysis is successfully compared with direct numerical simulations. In addition, a class of homoclinic orbits is shown to persist for the full reduced mapping and yields a family of discrete breathers with maximal amplitude at the impurity site.
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Webb, Peter. "Stratifications and Mackey Functors II: Globally Defined Mackey Functors." Journal of K-Theory 6, no. 1 (February 2, 2010): 99–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/is009010011jkt095.
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AbstractWe describe structural properties of globally defined Mackey functors related to the stratification theory of algebras. We show that over a field of characteristic zero they form a highest weight category and we also determine precisely when this category is semisimple. This approach is used to show that the Cartan matrix is often symmetric and non-singular, and we are able to compute finite parts of it in some instances. We also develop a theory of vertices of globally defined Mackey functors in the spirit of group representation theory, as well as giving information about extensions between simple functors.
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Esmaeilnejad-Ganji, Seyed Mokhtar, Seyed Mohammad Reza Esmaeilnejad-Ganji, Mohammad Zamani, and Hesam Alitaleshi. "A Newly Modified Salter Osteotomy Technique for Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip That Is Associated with Decrease in Pressure on Femoral Head and Triradiate Cartilage." BioMed Research International 2019 (February 6, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6021271.
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Background and Purpose. The Salter innominate osteotomy has been an effective method to treat the developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) over the past decades; however, several postoperative complications and deficiencies were reported. In this study, we evaluated outcome of a newly modified Salter osteotomy in patients presenting with DDH. Methods. We reviewed retrospectively 76 patients (90 hips) with DDH aged ≥ 18 months, who underwent open reduction and a modified osteotomy by a single surgeon. The distal osteotomy segment of pelvis was shifted anterolaterally in the amount of osteotomy cross-section, but not downwards. The mean age at surgery was 2 years and 11 months (1.5 to 16 years). Femoral shortening was conducted when necessary. The duration of operation varied between 60 and 90 minutes. The mean follow-up was 4 years and one month (range 15 months to 7 years and 9 months). All patients were followed up both clinically (based on the modified MacKay criteria) and radiologically (based on the modified Severin criteria). Results. Clinically, 94.5% of hips had excellent and good results at final follow-up, and only 5.5% had a fair condition. Radiographically, at the final follow-up 77.8% of hips were grade IA (excellent), 12.2% were grade IB, 6.7% were grade II, and 3.3% were grade III (fair). The preoperative mean acetabular index was 47.85° (41° to 59), which decreased to 17.16° (13° to 22°) immediately after the surgery (p<0.0001) and progressed to 11.24° (7° to 19°) at the final follow-up (p<0.0001). The mean initial postoperative center-edge angle was 30.3° (25° to 42°) significantly improved to 39.1 (31° to 56°) at the final follow-up (p<0.0001). Avascular necrosis of femoral head occurred in 4.4% of hips (4 patients). Conclusion. The results show that our modified Salter osteotomy is safe and associated with significant benefit for the management of patients suffering from DDH.
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Garland, S., S. MacKay, and S. Tabrizi. "This letter was shown to Drs Garland, MacKay and Tabrizi and their reply follows." Journal of Hospital Infection 35, no. 3 (March 1997): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(97)90212-7.
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Han, Q., Z. Zheng, K. Zhang, Z. Yu, F. Yang, Q. Liang, P. Zhu, and X. Baraliakos. "THU0526 MEASUREMENT OF RADIOLOGICAL JOINT WIDTH IS THE KEY IN ASSESSING HIP INVOLVEMENT OF HIPS IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 502.1–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2798.
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Background:Hip involvement is one of the most disabling complications of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Frequently, arthroplasty is necessary by the time symptoms appear.Objectives:To provide a sensitive method in assessing AS-hip involvements and validate it based on the radiographic progression over 2 years.Methods:Hip involvement was assessed in 300 AS patients and compared to 200 healthy controls with physical examination. Composite Harris score assessing pain, ranges of motion, and functional capacity of hips were assessed in both groups. Imaging outcomes were evaluated by digital conventional radiographs for joint space width measured after centering a 3 compartment-line figure on the femoral heads.Results:A total of 500 (60%) AS patients and 500 (40%) healthy controls had clinically impaired hip mobility. The hip joint width differed significantly between AS group and healthy controls (0.93±0.54, range 5.41-0.35vs 4.83±0.74, range 6.72-3.56, P<0.0001). Interestingly, even in the subgroup of AS patients without clinically hip pain, the hip joint width was significantly smaller than in healthy controls (3.29±0.66, range 5.4-2.1 vs 4.83±0.74, range 6.72-3.56, P<0.0001). We then evaluated the MRI images of the same 300 subjects. First, we evaluated the 200 control subjects to establish a threshold. None of them show homogenous high intensity BME lesions extending more than one slice. we examine the MRI of the 300 AS patients. Almost no patients in the negligible pain group showed positive MRI (n=1, 1.2%). Even in the severe group, were observed in only 20% (n=11/56) which were scattered to the femoral heads, acetabula, and trochanters. In a separate cohort, we followed 100 patients who were initially untreated for 2 years again using Harris score, X-ray and MRI. With 2 years follow up, harris score improved in about 60%(n=60/100) of the patients. Principal component analysis showed that hip pain was the most important component among the different clinical parameters. Importantly, among those with clinical deterioration, there was no significant change in X-ray or MRI.Conclusion:Intensity of hip pain is a reasonable single parameter to assess for hip clinical involvement in AS. The higher the hip pain, the narrower the hip joint width. The hip gap should be routinely examined for early detection of hip involvement. Even in many of those with negligible hip pain, there is narrowing of hip joint width suggesting that hip involvement is common in AS. Hip disease progresses very slowly over 2 years.References:[1]KIRSTEN MACKAY, CHRISTOPHER MACK, SINEAD BKOPHY.et al. THE BATH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITTS RADIOLOGY INDEX (BASRI): A New, Validated Approach to Disease Assessment.[J] ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM. l998(41), pp 2263-2270.[2]MacKay K, Brophy S, Mack C, Doran M, Calin A.The development and validation of a radiographic grading system for the hip in ankylosing spondylitis: the bath ankylosing spondylitis radiology hip index. [J] J Rheumatol. 2000 Dec;27(12):2866-72.[3]Julie C, Baker-LePain, Nancy E. Lane.Relationship between joint shape and the development of osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. [J] 2010; 22(5): 538–543.[4]Zhen Guo, Huang, Xue Zhe, Zhang, Wen Hong. et al. The application of MR imaging in the detection of hip involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.[J] European journal of radiology. 2013;82(9):1487-1493.[5]M. Konsta & P. P. Sfikakis & V. K. Bournia.et al. Absence of radiographic progression of hip arthritis during infliximab treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. [J] Clin Rheumatol 2013; (32):1229–1232.[6]Hyemin Jeong, Yeong Hee Eun, In Young Kim.et al. Characteristics of hip involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in Korea [J] Korean J Intern Med 2017;32:158-164.Acknowledgments:Professor David YuDisclosure of Interests:Qing Han: None declared, Zhaohui Zheng: None declared, Kui Zhang: None declared, Zheng Yu: None declared, Fengfan Yang: None declared, Qiang Liang: None declared, Ping Zhu: None declared, Xenofon Baraliakos Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen
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Xiong, Hao, Shijun Huang, Deepak Devegowda, Hao Liu, Hao Li, and Zack Padgett. "Influence of Pressure Difference Between Reservoir and Production Well on Steam-Chamber Propagation and Reservoir-Production Performance." SPE Journal 24, no. 02 (February 6, 2019): 452–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/190107-pa.
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Summary Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is the most-effective thermal recovery method to exploit oil sand. The driving force of gravity is generally acknowledged as the most-significant driving mechanism in the SAGD process. However, an increasing number of field cases have shown that pressure difference might play an important role in the process. The objective of this paper is to simulate the effects of injector/producer-pressure difference on steam-chamber evolution and SAGD production performance. A series of 2D numerical simulations was conducted using the MacKay River and Dover reservoirs in western Canada to investigate the influence of pressure difference on SAGD recovery. Meanwhile, the effects of pressure difference on oil-production rate, stable production time, and steam-chamber development were studied in detail. Moreover, by combining Darcy's law and heat conduction along with a mass balance in the reservoir, a modified mathematical model considering the effects of pressure difference is established to predict the SAGD production performance. Finally, the proposed model is validated by comparing calculated cumulative oil production and oil-production rate with the results from numerical and experimental simulations. The results indicate that the oil production first increases rapidly and then slows down when a certain pressure difference is reached. The pressure difference has strong effects on steam-chamber-rising/expansion stages. However, at the expansion stage, lower pressure difference can achieve the same effect as high pressure difference. In addition, it is shown that the steam-chamber-expansion angle is a function of pressure difference. Using this finding, a new mathematical model is established considering the modification of the expansion angle, which (Butler 1991) treated as a constant. With the proposed model, production performance such as cumulative oil production and oil-production rate can be predicted. The steam-chamber shape is redefined at the rising stage, changing from a fan-like shape to a hexagonal shape, but not the single fan-like shape defined by (Butler 1991). This shape redefinition can clearly explain why the greatest oil-production rate does not occur when the steam chamber reaches the caprock. Literature surveys show few studies on how pressure difference influences steam-chamber development and SAGD recovery. The current paper provides a modified SAGD production model and an entirely new scope for SAGD enhanced oil recovery (EOR) that makes the pressure difference a new optimizable factor in the field.
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Ronglu, Li, and Wang Junming. "Invariants in abstract mapping pairs." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 76, no. 3 (June 2004): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700009927.
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AbstractIn a topological vector space, duality invariant is a very important property, some famous theorems, such as the Mackey-Arens theorem, the Mackey theorem, the Mazur theorem and the Orlicz-Pettis theorem, all show some duality invariants.In this paper we would like to show an important improvement of the invariant results, which are related to sequential evaluation convergence of function series. Especially, a very general invariant result is established for an abstract mapping pair (Φ, B(Φ, X)) consisting of a nonempty set Φ and B(Φ, X) = {f ∈ XΦ: f (Φ) is bounded}, where X is a locally convex space.
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Linckelmann, Markus. "The dominant dimension of cohomological Mackey functors." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 17, no. 12 (December 2018): 1850228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498818502286.
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We show that a separable equivalence between symmetric algebras preserves the dominant dimensions of certain endomorphism algebras of modules. We apply this to show that the dominant dimension of the category [Formula: see text] of cohomological Mackey functors of a [Formula: see text]-block [Formula: see text] of a finite group with a nontrivial defect group is [Formula: see text].
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Taylor, Jay. "On the Mackey formula for connected centre groups." Journal of Group Theory 21, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jgth-2018-0006.
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Abstract Let {\mathbf{G}} be a connected reductive algebraic group over {\overline{\mathbb{F}}_{p}} and let {F:\mathbf{G}\to\mathbf{G}} be a Frobenius endomorphism endowing {\mathbf{G}} with an {\mathbb{F}_{q}} -rational structure. Bonnafé–Michel have shown that the Mackey formula for Deligne–Lusztig induction and restriction holds for the pair {(\mathbf{G},F)} except in the case where {q=2} and {\mathbf{G}} has a quasi-simple component of type {\mathsf{E}_{6}} , {\mathsf{E}_{7}} , or {\mathsf{E}_{8}} . Using their techniques, we show that if {q=2} and {Z(\mathbf{G})} is connected then the Mackey formula holds unless {\mathbf{G}} has a quasi-simple component of type {\mathsf{E}_{8}} . This establishes the Mackey formula, for instance, in the case where {(\mathbf{G},F)} is of type {\mathsf{E}_{7}(2)} . Using this, together with work of Bonnafé–Michel, we can conclude that the Mackey formula holds on the space of unipotently supported class functions if {Z(\mathbf{G})} is connected.
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Rong, Wang, Ma Lina, and K. H. Kuo. "A Metastable Crystalline Phase Coexisted with the Decagonal Quasicrystals in Rapidly Solidified Al-Ir Al-Pd and Al-Pt Alloys." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 572–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100181622.
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Up to now, decagonal quasicrystals have been found in the alloys of whole Al-Pt group metals [1,2]. The present paper is concerned with the TEM study of a hitherto unreported hexagonal phase in rapidly solidified Al-Ir, Al-Pd and Al-Pt alloys.The ribbons of Al5Ir, Al5Pd and Al5Pt were obtained by spun-quenching. Specimens cut from the ribbons were ion thinned and examined in a JEM 100CX electron microscope. In both rapidly solidified Al5Ir and Al5Pd alloys, the decagonal quasicrystal, with rosette or dendritic morphologies can be easily identified by its electron diffraction patterns(EDPs). The EDPs of the decagonal phase for the two alloys are quite similar. However, the existance of decagonal quasicrystal in the Al-Pt alloy has not been verified by our TEM study. It is probably for the reason that the cooling rate is not great enough for the Al5Pt alloy to form the decagonal phase. During the TEM study, a metastable hexagonal phase has been observed in the Al5Ir, Al5Pd and Al5Pt alloys. The lattic parameters calculated from the X-ray powder data of this phase are a=1.229 and c=2.647nm(Al-Pd) and a=1.231 and c=2.623nm(Al-Ir). The composition of this phase was determined by EDS analysis as Al4(Ir, Pd or Pt). It coexists with the decagonal phase in the alloys and transformed to other stable crystalline phases on heating to high temperature. A comparison between the EDPs of the hexagonal and the decagonal phase are shown in Fig.l. Fig. 1(a) is the EDPs of the decagonal phase in various orientions and the EDPs of the hexagonal phase are shown in Fig.1(b), in a similar arrangement as Fig.1(a). It can be clearly seen that the EDPs of the hexagonal phase, especially the distribution of strong spots, are quite similar to their partners of the decagonal quasicrystal in Fig.1(a). All the angles, shown in Fig.l, between two corresponding EDPs are very close to each other. All of these seem strongly to point out that a close structural relationshipexists between these two phases:[110]//d10 [001]//d2(D) //d2 (P)The structure of α-AlFeSi is well known [3] and the 54-atom Mackay icosahedron with double icosahedral shells in the α-AlFeSi structure [4] have been used to model the icosahedral quasicrystal structure. Fig.2(a) and (b) show, respectively, the [110] and [001] projections of the crystal structure of α- AlFeSi, and decagon-pentagons can easily be identified in the former and hexagons in the latter. In addition, the optical transforms of these projections show clearly decagons and hexagons of strong spots, quite similar to those in [110] and [001] EDPs in Fig.1(b). This not only proves the Al(Ir, Pt, Pd) metastable phase being icostructural with the α-AlFeSi phase but also explains the orientation relationship mentioned above.
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Koletsos, N., K. Dipla, A. Triantafyllou, A. Lazaridis, N. Papadopoulos, A. Zafeiridis, S. Aslanidis, S. Douma, and E. Gkaliagkousi. "POS0738 BLUNTED CEREBRAL OXYGENATION DURING EXERCISE IN NON-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1867.
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Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs, including the central nervous system. Subclinical brain lesions have been reported in SLE patients, even without overt neuropsychiatric manifestations (non-NPSLE). Studies using PET/MRI, examining structural or functional brain abnormalities in SLE, have been previously performed, either at rest or during a mental task (1–3). Exercise can be used to identify early alterations in brain oxygenation that might not detectable during resting conditions (4).Objectives:Our study aimed to examine possible differences in cerebral oxygenation during a handgrip exercise test between SLE patients without neuropsychiatric manifestations and age-matched controls.Methods:Fifty-two participants (26 non-NPSLE and 26 controls), following evaluation of handgrip strength, underwent a protocol involving a seated rest (baseline), a 3-min handgrip exercise (at 30% of maximal strength), and a 3-min recovery. Continuous-near-infrared-spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to monitor changes in cerebral-oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb), de-oxygenated (HHb) and total-hemoglobin (tHb). Beat-by-beat blood pressure (Finapres) was continuously monitored.Results:There were no differences between the two groups in age, body mass index, blood pressure, and smoking status. Median SLE duration was 7.5 (3.0 – 16.0) years. During exercise, cerebral -O2Hb increased in both groups; however, non-NPSLE exhibited a significantly lower increase in O2Hb vs. controls (average response:1.20±0.89 vs. 2.33±1.61μM, respectively, p<0.005) and lower tHb responses (p<0.05), with no differences in HHb.Conclusion:Our data show, for the first time, that SLE patients even without overt neuropsychiatric manifestations exhibit a blunted increase in cerebral-O2Hb during a submaximal exercise stimulus compared to age-matched controls. Examining brain oxygenation during a simple exercise task may assist in identifying patients with early alterations in cerebral function.References:[1]Mak A, Ren T, Fu EH yun, Cheak AA cia, Ho RCM. A Prospective Functional MRI Study for Executive Function in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Without Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41(6):849–58.[2]Kozora E, Brown MS, Filley CM, Zhang L, Miller DE, West SG, et al. Memory impairment associated with neurometabolic abnormalities of the hippocampus in patients with non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2011;20(6):598–606.[3]Mackay M, Vo A, Tang CC, Small M, Anderson EW, Ploran EJ, et al. Metabolic and microstructural alterations in the SLE brain correlate with cognitive impairment. JCI Insight. 2019;4(1).[4]Triantafyllou GA, Dipla K, Triantafyllou A, Gkaliagkousi E, Douma S. Measurement and Changes in Cerebral Oxygenation and Blood Flow at Rest and During Exercise in Normotensive and Hypertensive Individuals. Vol. 22, Current Hypertension Reports. Springer; 2020.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Hanusch, Maximilian. "Differentiability of the evolution map and Mackey continuity." Forum Mathematicum 31, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 1139–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2018-0310.
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AbstractWe solve the differentiability problem for the evolution map in Milnor’s infinite-dimensional setting. We first show that the evolution map of each {C^{k}}-semiregular Lie group G (for {k\in\mathbb{N}\sqcup\{\mathrm{lip},\infty\}}) admits a particular kind of sequentially continuity – called Mackey k-continuity. We then prove that this continuity property is strong enough to ensure differentiability of the evolution map. In particular, this drops any continuity presumptions made in this context so far. Remarkably, Mackey k-continuity arises directly from the regularity problem itself, which makes it particular among the continuity conditions traditionally considered. As an application of the introduced notions, we discuss the strong Trotter property in the sequentially and the Mackey continuous context. We furthermore conclude that if the Lie algebra of G is a Fréchet space, then G is {C^{k}}-semiregular (for {k\in\mathbb{N}\sqcup\{\infty\}}) if and only if G is {C^{k}}-regular.
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Giżycki, Artur, and Leszek Pysiak. "Multiplicity formulas for representations of transformation groupoids." Demonstratio Mathematica 50, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dema-2017-0004.
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Abstract We study the representations of transitive transformation groupoids with the aim of generalizing the Mackey theory. Using the Mackey theory and a bijective correspondence between the imprimitivity systems and the representations of a transformation groupoid we derive the irreducibility theory. Then we derive the direct sum decomposition for representations of a groupoid together with the formula for the multiplicity of subrepresentations. We discuss a physical interpretation of this formula. Finally, we prove the claim analogous to the Peter-Weyl theorem for a noncompact transformation groupoid. We show that the representation theory of a transitive transformation groupoids is closely related to the representation theory of a compact groups.
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RICKA, NICOLAS. "EQUIVARIANT ANDERSON DUALITY AND MACKEY FUNCTOR DUALITY." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 58, no. 3 (July 21, 2015): 649–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089515000397.
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AbstractWe show that the$\mathbb{Z}$/2-equivariantnth integral MoravaK-theory with reality is self-dual with respect to equivariant Anderson duality. In particular, there is a universal coefficients exact sequence in integral Morava K-theory with reality, and we recover the self-duality of the spectrumKOas a corollary. The study of$\mathbb{Z}$/2-equivariant Anderson duality made in this paper gives a nice interpretation of some symmetries ofRO($\mathbb{Z}$/2)-graded (i.e. bigraded) equivariant cohomology groups in terms of Mackey functor duality.
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Zhao, Junsheng, Yongmin Li, Xingjiang Yu, and Xingfang Zhang. "Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm for Mackey-Glass Chaotic Time Series Prediction." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/193758.
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For decades, Mackey-Glass chaotic time series prediction has attracted more and more attention. When the multilayer perceptron is used to predict the Mackey-Glass chaotic time series, what we should do is to minimize the loss function. As is well known, the convergence speed of the loss function is rapid in the beginning of the learning process, while the convergence speed is very slow when the parameter is near to the minimum point. In order to overcome these problems, we introduce the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA). Firstly, a rough introduction is given to the multilayer perceptron, including the structure and the model approximation method. Secondly, we introduce the LMA and discuss how to implement the LMA. Lastly, an illustrative example is carried out to show the prediction efficiency of the LMA. Simulations show that the LMA can give more accurate prediction than the gradient descent method.
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Mackaay, Marco, and Pedro Vaz. "The Diagrammatic Soergel Category andsl(N)-Foams, forN≥4." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2010 (2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/468968.
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For eachN≥4, we define a monoidal functor from Elias and Khovanov's diagrammatic version of Soergel's category of bimodules to the category ofsl(N)foams defined by Mackaay, Stošić, and Vaz. We show that through these functors Soergel's category can be obtained from thesl(N)foams.
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Faranda, Davide, Jorge Milhazes Freitas, Pierre Guiraud, and Sandro Vaienti. "Extreme value theory for piecewise contracting maps with randomly applied stochastic perturbations." Stochastics and Dynamics 16, no. 03 (March 8, 2016): 1660015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493716600157.
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We consider globally invertible and piecewise contracting maps in higher dimensions and perturb them with a particular kind of noise introduced by Lasota and Mackey. We got random transformations which are given by a stationary process: in this framework we develop an extreme value theory for a few classes of observables and we show how to get the (usual) limiting distributions together with an extremal index depending on the strength of the noise.
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Tweddle, Ian, and S. A. Saxon. "BORNOLOGICAL COUNTABLE ENLARGEMENTS." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 46, no. 1 (January 27, 2003): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091501000591.
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AbstractWe show that for a non-flat bornological space there is always a bornological countable enlargement; moreover, when the space is non-flat and ultrabornological the countable enlargement may be chosen to be both bornological and barrelled. It is also shown that countable enlargements for barrelled or bornological spaces are always Mackey topologies, and every quasibarrelled space that is not barrelled has a quasibarrelled countable enlargement.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46A08; 46A20
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Sharina, Margarita, and Vladislav Shimansky. "Ages and chemical compositions of massive clusters in NGC147 and M31." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S316 (August 2015): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315006845.
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AbstractWe present estimates of ages, [Fe/H], helium content (Y) and abundances of C, N, Mg, Ca, and several other elements for the following globular clusters (GCs): GC7 in NGC147, and Mayall II, Mackey 1 and Mackey 6 in M31. Medium-resolution integrated-light spectra of the GCs were conducted with the 6m telescope. To derive the ages and abundances for the GCs we carried out their population synthesis using model stellar atmospheres, the Padova YZVAR isochrones and the Chabrier mass function. We compare the results with the corresponding data obtained using the same method for several massive Galactic GCs. We show that the differences in the light-element abundances between GCs with similar ages and metallicities may reach 0.5-0.6 dex. The corresponding differences for other elements are usually 2-3 times smaller. We suggest that at least partially the detected differences may be due to light-element abundance variations in the atmospheres of high-luminosity red giant branch stars as a consequence of the transportation of the produced elements to the surface layers.
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Nakamura, Fumihiko, Yushi Nakano, and Hisayoshi Toyokawa. "Mixing and observation for Markov operator cocycles*." Nonlinearity 35, no. 1 (November 17, 2021): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ac355f.
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Abstract We consider generalized definitions of mixing and exactness for random dynamical systems in terms of Markov operator cocycles. We first give six fundamental definitions of mixing for Markov operator cocycles in view of observations of the randomness in environments, and reduce them into two different groups. Secondly, we give the definition of exactness for Markov operator cocycles and show that Lin’s criterion for exactness can be naturally extended to the case of Markov operator cocycles. Finally, in the class of asymptotically periodic Markov operator cocycles, we show the Lasota–Mackey type equivalence between mixing, exactness and asymptotic stability.
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Candeal, J. C., E. Induráin, and G. B. Mehta. "Order preserving functions on ordered topological vector spaces." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 60, no. 1 (August 1999): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700033323.
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In this paper we prove the existence of continuous order preserving functions on ordered topological vector spaces in an infinite-dimensional setting. In a certain class of topological vector spaces we prove the existence of topologies for which every continuous total preorder has a continuous order preserving representation and show that the Mackey topology is the finest topology with this property. We also prove similar representation theorems for reflexive Banach spaces and for Banach spaces that may not have a pre-dual.