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Journal articles on the topic 'MacLuhan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Fanini, Angela Maria Rubel. "A linguagem poética na comunidade virtual: uma outra voz como alternativa para a linguagem e o pensar técnicos." Revista de Humanidades 31, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5020/23180714.2016.31.1.175-192.

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Neste artigo, trazemos alguns discursos já canônicos sobre as relações entre tecnologia e sociedade (Heidegger, Marcuse, Leroi-Gourhan, MacLuhan, Habermas, Jonas e Feenberg), apresentando as visões determinista, funcional, neutra, substancialista e histórico-crítica da técnica. Focamos a atenção mais pormenorizadamente nas ideias de Heidegger e Feenberg para propor a inserção da linguagem poética, meditativa e reflexiva na ágora virtual, a fim de reforçar um pensar menos técnico, imediatista, superficial e pouco engajado que impera nas redes sociais. Apostamos na figura dos educadores para incentivar uma discussão e uma problematização sobre tecnologia, linguagem e sociedade, com o objetivo de criar e expandir uma comunidade virtual mais democrática e plural, em que múltiplas vozes possam emergir.

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2

Σοφός, Αλιβίζος. "Καταστασιακά περιβάλλοντα για την ηλεκτρονική μάθηση." Ανοικτή Εκπαίδευση: το περιοδικό για την Ανοικτή και εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση και την Εκπαιδευτική Τεχνολογία 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jode.9802.

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Στο άρθρο αυτό παρουσιάζεται η έννοια του μαθησιακού περιβάλλοντος στο πλαίσιο της καταστασιακής προσέγγισης (situiert) σε σχέση με τα ηλεκτρονικά Μέσα που στηρίζουν την εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. H εργασία είναι δομημένη σε τέσσερα μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος προσεγγίζονται εννοιολογικά οι Τεχνολογίες Πληροφορικής και Επικοινωνιών (ΤΠΕ) και συζητείται η κατάταξή τους στα τεταρτογενή Μέσα. Στο δεύτερο μέρος προσδιορίζεται η έννοια «Περιβάλλον Μάθησης» και τα ηλεκτρονικά Μέσα οριοθετούνται ως «πλαίσιο μαθησιακών ευκαιριών και δυνατοτήτων διάδρασης». Στο τρίτο μέρος διατυπώνονται τα χαρακτηριστικά που διέπουν τα καταστασιακά περιβάλλοντα μάθησης. Τέλος, το άρθρο ολοκληρώνεται με το εξής συμπέρασμα: στο πλαίσιο διαμόρφωσης ηλεκτρονικών περιβαλλόντων, κεντρικό σημείο αναφοράς αποτελεί ο παιδαγωγικός και διδακτικός μετασχηματισμός του περιεχομένου. Η θέση αυτή τεκμηριώνεται με βάση τις προσεγγίσεις του MacLuhan και προτείνεται ένα μοντέλο ολιστικής προσέγγισης σε 6 άξονες για κάθε εκπαιδευτικό που σχεδιάζει ηλεκτρονικά περιβάλλοντα.

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3

Abrams, Terry. "The Feasibility of Prehospital Medical Response Teams for Foreign Disaster Assistance." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 5, no. 3 (September 1990): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00026893.

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Disasters are defined as events caused either by natural or technological occurrences, that overwhelm the resources that are immediately available to manage or mitigate the impact of the event. Disasters, by their very nature, are newsmakers. With the improvement in telecommunications, the barriers of distance are reduced to the extent that the people of the world all are members of what Marshall MacLuhan called the “global village.” It now is a common practice to watch the effects of a disaster on the other side of the world, from the safety and comfort of the living room, live on television. The capacity to empathize with the victims, and to feel almost a part of the incident, results in tremendous public attention and an urging of governments, not directly affected by the event, to get involved and “do something!”

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4

Morency, Jean. "Gérald Leblanc, écrivain du village planétaire." Revue de l'Université de Moncton 38, no. 1 (July 9, 2008): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018406ar.

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Résumé Ce texte propose une lecture de l’oeuvre poétique de Gérald Leblanc à la lumière du concept de village planétaire forgé par Marshall MacLuhan. En observant le mouvement de dérive qui conduit le poète de la ville imaginée jusqu’au village globalisé, via ses déambulations dans les rues de Moncton et ses méditations dans les espaces du quotidien, l’auteur en arrive au constat que la polyphonie des poèmes de Leblanc est liée avant tout à la situation du poète dans l’espace communicationnel nord-américain. Moncton cesse ainsi de s’offrir comme un pur espace urbain pour devenir une réalité concrète, un chapelet de lieux et de visages familiers. Véritable réceptacle des pratiques issues de la contre-culture, l’oeuvre de Leblanc s’avère symptomatique de la condition postmoderne, qui a modifié sensiblement les paramètres régissant la position de l’écrivain dans le champ culturel. Dans cette perspective, il est possible de relire cette oeuvre comme étant l’expression de la mise en place d’une gigantesque machine cybernétique, carburant à la musique, à la voix et aux images visuelles.

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5

Su, Zushang, Ping Wang, Wei Yuan, Greg Grant, and Shiyou Li. "Phenolics from the Fruits of Maclura pomifera." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 11 (November 2017): 1934578X1701201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701201122.

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Two new compounds, maclurin A (1) and maclurin B (2), and six known ones, ononin (3), pterofuran (4), osajin (5), pomiferin (6), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (7), and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid (8) were isolated from the fruit of Maclura pomifera. Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from the genus for the first time. Structure elucidation was achieved by spectroscopic measurements and by comparison with literature data. Compounds 2-4 exhibited activities against the cancer cell lines A549 and Panc-28 with GI50 values from 18.1 to 32.2, and 20.6 to 43.5 μM, respectively. Compounds 2 and 4 also showed cytotoxicity against HCT 116 with GI50 values of 47.2 and 24.4 μM, respectively.

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6

Jacinto Escola, Joaquim José. "Aplicações das TIC no Ensino da Educação Física (Applications ICT in Teaching Physical Education)." Retos, no. 34 (June 6, 2018): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i34.65918.

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Resumo. O acelerado desenvolvimento tecnocientífico tem trazido consigo profundas transformações na sociedades avançadas e que se fazem sentir de modo particular no ensino em todas as áreas disciplinares. A presença massiva de meios e recursos de ensino saídos do desenvolvimento da tecnologia informática são paulatinamente integrados nas práticas de ensino, como atesta a história da Tecnologia Educativa no seu estádio de desenvolvimento recente. Constamos aí como os vários materiais de ensino foram sendo concebidos, servindo-se de dispositivos tecnológicos, e como os professores os integraram curricularmente na sua prática. À imagem da Galáxia Gutenberg e da Galáxia Marconi, consagrada por MacLuhan, a Galáxia Internet, aclamada por Castells, recorda-nos de modo claro a relação entre o desenvolvimento tecnológico e as transformações societais, culturais e educativas. Os materiais e recursos didáticos tradicionais continuam a ocupar um lugar incontornável no ensino, no entanto, os progressos tecnológicos mais recentes desafiam-nos, como professores e investigadores explorar melhor a sua utilização e integração pelo que novo trazem como promotores de melhores aprendizagens. Neste artigo pretendemos identificar um conjunto de possibilidades de integração curricular das TIC no ensino da educação física, explorando as potencialidades da tecnologia vídeo, do quadro interativo (pizarra digital), das aplicações da Web 2.0 que abrem um leque muito vasto e pleno de possibilidades para o ensino da educação física.Abstract. The accelerated techno-scientific development has brought with it profound changes in advanced societies that are particularly felt in teaching in all disciplinary areas. The massive presence of educational resources derived from the development of information technology is gradually integrated into teaching practices, as evidenced by the history of Educational Technology at its stage of recent development. We see how the various teaching materials were conceived, using technological devices, and how teachers integrated them in their practice. Similar to the Gutenberg Galaxy and Marconi Galaxy, consecrated by McLuhan, the Internet Galaxy, acclaimed by Castells reminds us clearly the relationship between technological development and societal, cultural and educational changes. Traditional teaching materials and resources continue to play a key role in teaching, however, the latest technological developments challenge us as teachers and researchers better exploit their use and integration through what they bring as new promoters of better learning. This article aims to identify a set of curricular integration possibilities of ICT in physical education teaching, exploring the potential of video technology, interactive whiteboard (digital blackboard), the Web 2.0 applications that open a very wide range and full of possibilities for teaching physical education.

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7

Hwang, Young Sun, Sae Woong Oh, See-Hyoung Park, Jienny Lee, Ju Ah Yoo, Kitae Kwon, Se Jung Park, et al. "Melanogenic Effects of Maclurin Are Mediated through the Activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB and p38 MAPK/CREB Signaling Pathways." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (December 23, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9827519.

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Melanogenesis is the biological process which the skin pigment melanin is synthesized to protect the skin against ultraviolet irradiation and other external stresses. Abnormal biology of melanocytes is closely associated with depigmented skin disorders such as vitiligo. In this study, we examined the effects of maclurin on melanogenesis and cytoprotection. Maclurin enhanced cellular tyrosinase activity as well as cellular melanin levels. We found that maclurin treatment increased the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase-related protein- (TRP-) 1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase. Mechanistically, maclurin promoted melanogenesis through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding (CREB) protein-dependent upregulation of MITF. CREB activation was found to be mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. In addition, maclurin-induced CREB phosphorylation was mediated through the activation of both the cAMP/PKA and the p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Maclurin-induced suppression of p44/42 MAPK activation also contributed to its melanogenic activity. Furthermore, maclurin showed protective effects against H2O2 treatment and UVB irradiation in human melanocytes. These findings indicate that the melanogenic effects of maclurin depend on increased MITF gene expression, which is mediated by the activation of both p38 MAPK/CREB and cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling. Our results thus suggest that maclurin could be useful as a protective agent against hypopigmented skin disorders.

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8

Kim, Jangsoon, See-Hyoung Park, Seyoung Yang, Sae Woong Oh, Kitae Kwon, Se Jung Park, Eunbi Yu, et al. "Protective Effects of Maclurin against Benzo[a]pyrene via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Targeting." Antioxidants 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081189.

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Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter, has harmful effects. Therefore, much research is ongoing to develop agents that can mitigate the effects of B[a]P. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of maclurin, one component of the branches of Morus alba L., on the B[a]P-induced effects in HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line. Maclurin treatment inhibited aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling as evidenced by reduced xenobiotic response element (XRE) reporter activity, decreased expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and reduced nuclear translocation of AHR. The B[a]P-induced dissociation of AHR from AHR-interacting protein (AIP) was suppressed by maclurin. Maclurin also inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by B[a]P. In addition, the antioxidant property of maclurin itself was demonstrated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, maclurin activated antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling through enhancement of ARE luciferase reporter activity and the expression of ARE-dependent genes including nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Nrf2 activation and its nuclear translocation were promoted by maclurin through p38 MAPK activation. These data indicate that maclurin had antagonistic activity against B[a]P effects through activation of Nrf2-mediated signaling and inhibition of AHR signaling and, suggesting its potential in protecting from harmful B[a]P-containing pollutants.

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9

Dörken, Veit Martin, and Annette Höggemeier. "Osagedorn, Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid." Der Palmengarten 73, no. 2 (December 30, 2009): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/palmengarten.99.

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Osagedorn (Maclura pomifera = M. aurantiaca) ist ein kleiner Baum aus den südlichen USA. Die kugeligen Früchte erinnern an ein Gehirn. Der Bau liefert ein wertvolles Holz für verschiedene Verwendungen. Maclura ist außerdem eine traditionelle Färbepflanze.

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10

El-Sohly, H. N., A. Joshi, X. C. Li, and S. A. Ross. "Flavonoids from Maclura tinctoria." Phytochemistry 52, no. 1 (September 1999): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00126-0.

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11

Filip, Snežana, Zoltan Djarmati, Kiril Lisichkov, Janos Csanadi, and Ratko M. Jankov. "Isolation and characterization of Maclura (Maclura pomifera) extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction." Industrial Crops and Products 76 (December 2015): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.066.

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12

Lee, Sang-Jun, Angela R. Wood, Camelia G. A. Maier, Richard A. Dixon, and Tom J. Mabry. "Prenylated flavonoids from Maclura pomifera." Phytochemistry 49, no. 8 (December 1998): 2573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00380-x.

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13

ElSohly, H. N., A. S. Joshi, A. C. Nimrod, L. A. Walker, and A. M. Clark. "Antifungal Chalcones from Maclura tinctoria." Planta Medica 67, no. 1 (2001): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-10621.

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14

Вітенко, Д. В., В. П. Шлапак, В. А. Вітенко, and О. М. Баюра. "Екологічна пластичність Мaclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneid в умовах України." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 30, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36930/40300112.

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Виявлено обмежену кількість садивного матеріалу Maclura pomifera (Rafіn.) Scheid на території нашої країни, що пов'язано з малою обізнаністю фахівців із ефективними способами розмноження Мaclura pomifera та недостатнім вивченням адаптивного потенціалу в умовах районів інтродукції. Досліджено біолого-екологічні особливості росту та розвитку цієї рослини, а саме: морозо- та зимостійкість, відношення до вологості ґрунту. На підставі літературних джерел і власних досліджень відзначено, що Maclura pomifera є цінною плодовою, лікарською та декоративною рослиною для використання в різних ґрунтово-кліматичних зонах України. Вивчено особливості насіннєвого розмноження Maclura pomifera в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України. Враховуючи невеликий період проростання насіння, Мaclura pomifera віднесено до групи рослин, насіння яких не має глибокого періоду спокою. Визначено, що залежно від варіантів схожість насіння цієї рослини в лабораторних умовах становить від 42 до 73 %. Експериментально підтверджено, що перед весняним посівом замість стратифікації насіння потрібно промити проточною водою впродовж декількох годин та обробити його відповідним стимулятором росту. Доведено, що оптимальна схожість в умовах відкритого ґрунту (близько 86 %) наявна в разі висіву насіння Мaclura pomifera навесні завглибшки 1-2 см. Встановлено середній приріст сіянців цієї рослини впродовж вегетаційного періоду.

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Oyama, Sayuri de Oliveira, Luiz Antonio de Souza, Debora Cristina Baldoqui, Maria Helena Sarragiotto, and Adriano Antônio Silva. "Prenylated flavonoids from maclura tinctoria fruits." Química Nova 36, no. 6 (2013): 800–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40422013000600010.

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Djapic, Nina, Zoltan Djarmati, Snezana Filip, and Ratko Jankov. "A stilbene from the heartwood of Maclura pomifera: Note." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 68, no. 3 (2003): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0303235d.

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Guardia, Marina Crestana, and Edmir Vicente Lamarca. "Germinação de sementes de Maclura tinctoria (Moraceae) sob diferentes regimes térmicos influenciados pela luz." Hoehnea 40, no. 2 (June 2013): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2236-89062013000200008.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a germinação de sementes de Maclura tinctoria sob diferentes regimes térmicos e alterações decorrentes da presença e ausência de luz. As sementes foram obtidas em Rio Claro, Ajapi, Itirapina e Serra Negra, SP. Os resultados demonstraram que na presença de luz as sementes germinam em ampla faixa térmica (15 a 35 ºC) e apresentam melhor desempenho entre 20 e 30 ºC, sendo 30 ºC a temperatura ideal para a germinação. Na ausência de luz a germinação decresceu à medida que a temperatura diminuiu e a faixa térmica germinativa se estreitou, alterando também a temperatura ideal para a germinação, mostrando que as sementes de Maclura tinctoria necessitam de luz para expressar a taxa máxima de germinação.

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Hiep, Nguyen Tuan, Jaeyoung Kwon, Dong-Woo Kim, Sungeun Hong, Yuanqiang Guo, Bang Yeon Hwang, Nahyun Kim, Woongchon Mar, and Dongho Lee. "Neuroprotective constituents from the fruits of Maclura tricuspidata." Tetrahedron 73, no. 19 (May 2017): 2747–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.064.

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Allen, P. Z. "Interaction of Salmonella telaviv with Maclura pomifera lectin." Infection and Immunity 47, no. 1 (1985): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.47.1.90-93.1985.

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20

Tian, Li, Jack W. Blount, and Richard A. Dixon. "Phenylpropanoid glycosyltransferases from osage orange (Maclura pomifera) fruit." FEBS Letters 580, no. 30 (December 4, 2006): 6915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2006.11.056.

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Bitadze, M. A., Ts M. Dalakishvili, É. P. Kemertelidze, M. D. Gedevanishvili, I. S. Sikharulidze, N. M. Gogitadze, and V. G. Tsitsishvili. "Lipids of Maclura pomifera and their biological activity." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 27, no. 7 (July 1993): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00780199.

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Gomes, Guilherme Augusto Canella, Renato Paiva, Rairys Cravo Herrera, and Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva. "Micropropagation of Maclura tinctoria L.: an endangered woody species." Revista Árvore 34, no. 1 (February 2010): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622010000100003.

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Some native species produce seeds with low germination percentage and in most cases with dormancy, which makes the appearance of new individuals by sexual propagation difficult. The Maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to the indiscriminate use of its wood and low rate of seed germination. In this context, the objective of the present study was to establish an in vitropropagation methodology for this species. Combinations of NAA + BAP, different concentrations of GA3 and combinations IBA + activated charcoal were evaluated for shoot induction, shoot growth and root formation, respectively. The results indicated that the maximum shoot formation was obtained when 5.37 µM NAA + 4.45 µM BAP was used. The use of 5.48 µM GA3 promoted shoot growth. Root formation was observed on explants inoculated in WPM with a pH adjusted to 7.0 and supplemented with 23.62 µM IBA + 4.7 g L-1 activated charcoal. The use of a 70% light screen for 7 days followed by the use of 50 and 30% light screens also for 7 days each provided 97% plantlet survival.

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Tsao, Rong, Raymond Yang, and J. Christopher Young. "Antioxidant Isoflavones in Osage Orange,Maclura pomifera(Raf.) Schneid." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 22 (October 2003): 6445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0342369.

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Bunyapraphatsara, N., S. Dechsree, C. Yoosook, A. Herunsalee, and Y. Panpisutchai. "Anti-herpes simplex virus component isolated from Maclura cochinchinensis." Phytomedicine 6, no. 6 (January 2000): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80069-0.

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Nakamura, M., H. Akita, I. Mizoguchi, and M. Kagayama. "A histochemical localization on Maclura pomifera lectin during osteogenesis." Histochemistry 92, no. 3 (1989): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00500922.

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Kavtaradze, N. Sh, M. D. Alaniya, and K. G. Shalashvili. "Flavonoids from seeds of Maclura aurantiaca growing in Georgia." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 45, no. 1 (January 2009): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9243-z.

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FREITAS, DANILO LEÃO DE, DOUGLAS EDSON CARVALHO, CLÓVIS ROBERTO HASELEIN, CRISTIANI PEDRAZZI, RODRIGO COLDEBELLA, HENRIQUE WEBER DALLA COSTA, and SABRINA FINATTO MACHADO. "Biodeterioração e propriedades colorimétricas da madeira de Maclura tinctoria." Advances in Forestry Science 7, no. 3 (November 3, 2020): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34062/afs.v7i3.10325.

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Os fungos apodrecedores são agentes bióticos que, além da alteração de cor, causam deterioração e estão entre os maiores desvalorizadores de produtos à base de madeira. Nesse contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a perda de massa e a alteração da cor do cerne e do alburno da madeira de Maclura tinctoria (Tajuva), submetida a ensaio acelerado com os fungos Gloeophyllum trabeum (podridão parda) e Pycnoporus sanguineus (podridão branca). As amostras foram avaliadas quanto à resistência natural via análise da perda de massa após exposição a fungos apodrecedores. Com um colorímetro, através do sistema de medições Cielab, obteve-se as variáveis: luminosidade (L), coordenadas cromáticas (a* e b*), saturação (C), ângulo de tinta (h*) e calculado a variação total da cor (∆E*). O cerne de Maclura tinctoria apresentou elevada resistência aos fungos apodrecedores com perdas de massa de 1,52% para Pycnoporus sanguineus e de 0,96% para Gloeophyllum trabeum. O fungo Pycnoporus sanguineus deteriorou a madeira de alburno e cerne com maior intensidade e alterou a cor natural de branco-acinzentado/ amarelo para amarelo-claro. A variação total na cor da madeira foi considerável e com maior representatividade para o cerne.

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Machado, Paulo Fernando Dos Santos, Anelise Marta Siegloch, Talita Baldin, Rodrigo Coldebella, Cristiane Pedrazzi, and José Newton Cardoso Marchiori. "Anatomia do lenho de Maclura Tinctoria D. Don ex Steud." Balduinia, no. 49 (August 24, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2358198019218.

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O lenho de Maclura tinctoria é anatomicamente descrito e ilustrado com fotomicrografias, com base em material procedente de Porto Mauá, RS, Brasil. Na estrutura da madeira destacam-se: poros solitários, em sua maioria; placas de perfuração simples; elementos vasculares de comprimento médio; pontoações intervasculares alternas e ornamentadas; parênquima axial predominantemente vasicêntrico; raios homogêneos; fibras libriformes; tubos laticíferos; e cristais prismáticos.

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29

ter Welle, B. J. H., J. Koek-Noorman, and S. M. C. Topper. "The Systematic Wood Anatomy Of The Moraceae (Urticales) IV. Genera of the Tribe Moreae With Urticaceous Stamens." IAWA Journal 7, no. 2 (1986): 91–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000971.

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The wood anatomy of the genera of the tribe Moreae with urticaceous stamens, viz. Broussonetia, Maclura s.l. (inc1uding Cardiogyne, Chlorophora, and Cudrania), Malaisia, Milicia, Morus, Olmedia, Pachytrophe, Plecospermum, Sloetiopsis, Streblus s.1. (inc1uding Paratrophis, Phyllochlamys, Pseudostreblus, and Sloetia), and Trophis s.1. (inc1uding Calpidochlamys and Maillardia), is described in detail. Separate descriptions have been made for sections and/or subgenera to facilitate the discussion about the generic delimitations made by several taxonomists. The following generic combinations previously proposed by taxonomists are supported by wood anatomical features: Broussonetia + Allaeanthus; Maclura + Chlorophora + Cardiogyne + Cudrania + Plecospermum. The segregation of the African species of Chlorophora in a separate genus Milicia is supported by wood anatomical evidence. The broad genus concept of Streblus and Trophis is not supported by wood anatomy. Several seetions of these genera should be reinstated as genera. The correlations between wood anatomy, latitude, habit and habitat are discussed as far as allowed by the material studied. Characters useful for the delimitation of the genera proved to be the size of the intervascular pits, the parenchyma distribution, and the lengths of fibres and vessel elements. Rhombic crystals, vitreous silica and radial latex tubes usually are useful additional characters.

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Orazbekov, Yerkebulan, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Serjan Mombekov, Radhakrishnan Srivedavyasasri, Ubaidilla Datkhayev, Bauyrzhan Makhatov, Narayan D. Chaurasiya, Babu L. Tekwani, and Samir A. Ross. "Isolation and Biological Evaluation of Prenylated Flavonoids from Maclura pomifera." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1370368.

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Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of Maclura pomifera fruits yielded four new compounds (I–IV) along with eleven known compounds (V–XV). The crude extract exhibited significant activity towards cannabinoid receptors (CB1: 103.4% displacement; CB2: 68.8% displacement) and possibly allosteric interaction with δ and μ opioid receptors (−49.7 and −53.8% displacement, resp.). Compound I was found to be possibly allosteric for κ and μ opioid receptors (−88.4 and −27.2% displacement, resp.) and showed moderate activity (60.5% displacement) towards CB1 receptor. Compound II exhibited moderate activity towards cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 (47.9 and 42.3% displacement, resp.). The known compounds (V–VIII) exhibited prominent activity towards cannabinoid receptors: pomiferin (V) (IC50 of 2.110 and 1.318 μM for CB1 and CB2, resp.), auriculasin (VI) (IC50 of 8.923 μM for CB1), warangalone (VII) (IC50 of 1.670 and 4.438 μM for CB1 and CB2, resp.), and osajin (VIII) (IC50 of 3.859 and 7.646 μM for CB1 and CB2, resp.). The isolated compounds were also tested for inhibition of human monoamine oxidase-A and monoamine oxidase-B enzymes activities, where all the tested compounds showed fewer inhibitory effects on MAO-A compared to MAO-B activities: auriculasin (VI) (IC50 of 1.91 and 45.98 μM for MAO-B and MAO-A, resp.).

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Artamonova, N. A., G. I. Krotova, G. K. Nikonov, and V. V. Kiseleva. "Neutral lipids of bark of the roots of Maclura aurantica." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 25, no. 5 (September 1989): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00598089.

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Polbuppha, Isaraporn, Virayu Suthiphasilp, Tharakorn Maneerat, Rawiwan Charoensup, Thunwadee Limtharakul, Sarot Cheenpracha, Stephen G. Pyne, and Surat Laphookhieo. "Macluracochinones A-E, antimicrobial flavonoids from Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner." Phytochemistry 187 (July 2021): 112773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112773.

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Murphy, Serena, Virginia Mitchell, Jessa Thurman, Charli N. Davis, Matthew D. Moran, Jessica Bonumwezi, Sophie Katz, and Jennifer L. Penner. "Seed Dispersal in Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera) by Squirrels (Sciurus spp.)." American Midland Naturalist 180, no. 2 (October 2018): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-180.2.312.

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34

Battaloğlu, Rifat, and Emine Müge Pekacar. "Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange) Meyve Özütünden Elektroeğirme Yöntemiyle Üretilen Membranların Karakterizasyonu." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i4.447-451.1741.

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In this study, electrospinning method which is a common method of obtaining nanofibers is used. Nanolif was synthesized with chitosan-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid / polyvinylalcohol (CS-EDTA / PVA) polymers using macula pomifera fruit extract. To obtain the nanofibers, 3% macula pomifera extract was added to the CS-EDTA / PVA solution. The structure and diameters of the resulting nanofibers were visualized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chemical binding properties were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Mass change due to nanofiber temperature was performed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). At the end of the study, the total phenolic content of the extract and nanofiber was determined. The time dependent changes in the total phenolic content of nanolife have been investigated. The results obtained show that the nanofiber is loaded with the extract. It turns out that nanolipine is a temperature resistant structure. In addition, the phenolic compounds transfer to the nanofiber structure in a small amount of the extract. However, it has been determined that there is no significant change in the total amount of phenolic substances after nanofiber formation.

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Monache, Giuliano Delle, Rosalba Scurria, Alberto Vitali, Bruno Botta, Barbara Monacelli, Gabriella Pasqua, Cleofe Palocci, and Enrico Cernia. "Two isoflavones and a flavone from the fruits of Maclura pomifera." Phytochemistry 37, no. 3 (November 1994): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)90379-0.

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36

Gonzales, Howell B., John Tatarko, Mark E. Casada, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, Lawrence J. Hagen, and Charles J. Barden. "Dust Reduction Efficiency of a Single-Row Vegetative Barrier (Maclura pomifera)." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 6 (2018): 1907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12879.

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Little is known about the dust removal efficiency of common vegetative barriers. This study of blowing dust reduction was conducted on one of the most common vegetative barriers used for wind erosion control in Kansas and the U.S. Great Plains, the deciduous tree species (Osage orange). A dust generator and distributor were fabricated to generate dust particles for determining the dust removal efficiency of a single-row Osage orange barrier. Simultaneous upwind and downwind dust concentrations were measured using mini-vol samplers for total suspended particulates (TSP) at heights of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 m above the ground. Measurements were made using two towers located at upwind and downwind distances equal to the height of the barrier. Particle size distribution (PSD) analysis of the initial generated dust showed that most particles were large (GMD = 102.8 µm), while about 5% of the dust was particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and 15% was less than 10 µm (PM10). Laser diffraction analysis of particles from the sample filters was used to determine the dust reduction efficiency of the barrier. Results showed that dust reduction was significantly related to reduction in wind speed at lower heights, causing an overall decrease in dust concentration as particles passed through the barrier. Concentrations of larger particles (~100 µm) were also reduced relative to smaller particles when dust passed through the barrier. The data also showed that 4.5 m above the ground, near the crown of the canopy, was most efficient at removing the PM2.5 (15% to 54%) and PM10 (23% to 65%) fractions of the generated dust. Keywords: Generated dust, Osage orange, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, Wind erosion.

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Lazza, C., S. Trejo, W. Obregon, L. Pistaccio, N. Caffini, and L. Lopez. "A Novel Trypsin and α-Chymotrypsin Inhibitor from Maclura pomifera Seeds." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 7, no. 4 (May 1, 2010): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157018010790945832.

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38

Oyama, Sayuri de Oliveira, and Luiz Antonio de Souza. "Morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of Maclura tinctoria, Moraceae." Brazilian Journal of Botany 34, no. 2 (June 2011): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84042011000200006.

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39

Young, N. Martin, Rosemary A. Z. Johnston, and David C. Watson. "The amino acid sequences of jacalin and the Maclura pomifera agglutinin." FEBS Letters 282, no. 2 (May 6, 1991): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(91)80518-8.

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40

Artamonova, N. A., G. K. Nikonov, and V. V. Kiseleva. "Chemical composition of the bark of roots of Maclura aurantiaca. Xanthones." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 25, no. 3 (1989): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00597727.

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41

Son, Il Hong, Ill-Min Chung, Sung Ik Lee, Hyun Duk Yang, and Hyung-In Moon. "Pomiferin, histone deacetylase inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Maclura pomifera." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 17, no. 17 (September 2007): 4753–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.060.

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42

Coldebella, Rodrigo, Marina Gentil, Camila Berger, Henrique W. Dalla Costa, Cristiane Pedrazzi, Jalel Labidi, Rafael A. Delucis, and André L. Missio. "Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Aerogels Functionalized with Tajuva (Maclura tinctoria) Heartwood Extract." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060908.

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Aerogels are 3-D nanostructures of non-fluid colloidal interconnected porous networks consisting of loosely packed bonded particles that are expanded throughout their volume by gas and exhibit ultra-low density and high specific surface area. Cellulose-based aerogels can be obtained from hydrogels through a drying process, replacing the solvent (water) with air and keeping the pristine three-dimensional arrangement. In this work, hybrid cellulose-based aerogels were produced and their potential for use as dressings was assessed. Nanofibrilated cellulose (NFC) hydrogels were produced by a co-grinding process in a stone micronizer using a kraft cellulosic pulp and a phenolic extract from Maclura tinctoria (Tajuva) heartwood. NFC-based aerogels were produced by freeze followed by lyophilization, in a way that the Tajuva extract acted as a functionalizing agent. The obtained aerogels showed high porosity (ranging from 97% to 99%) and low density (ranging from 0.025 to 0.040 g·cm−3), as well a typical network and sheet-like structure with 100 to 300 μm pores, which yielded compressive strengths ranging from 60 to 340 kPa. The reached antibacterial and antioxidant activities, percentage of inhibitions and water uptakes suggest that the aerogels can be used as fluid absorbers. Additionally, the immobilization of the Tajuva extract indicates the potential for dentistry applications.

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43

Berndt, Reinhard. "Chaconia hennenii, a new holomorph species for Uredo maclurae and Uredo celtidis (Uredinales)." Mycoscience 49, no. 5 (October 2008): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-008-0426-4.

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44

Pasqua, G., B. Monacelli, A. Cuteri, O. Finocchiaro, B. Botta, A. Vitali, and G. Delle Monache. "Cell Suspension Cultures of Maclura pomifera: Optimization of Growth and Metabolite Production." Journal of Plant Physiology 139, no. 2 (December 1991): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80618-8.

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45

Gonzales, Howell B., Mark E. Casada, Lawrence J. Hagen, John Tatarko, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, and Charles J. Barden. "Porosity and Drag Determination of a Single-Row Vegetative Barrier (Maclura pomifera)." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 2 (2018): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12338.

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Abstract. Deciduous trees of the species (Osage orange) are commonly established as vegetative barriers for wind erosion control throughout the U.S. Great Plains. Because there is no previous research on the aerodynamic effectiveness of these vegetative barriers during different seasons (leaf-on and leaf-off conditions), this study focused on determining the porosity and drag characteristics of this tree species. Digital image analyses were used to determine optical porosities that were then correlated with barrier drag coefficients. Images were taken in the field during calm wind conditions when the sunlight was suitable for digital imaging. Wind speeds were measured at different heights for a single-row Osage orange barrier using cup anemometers. Two anemometer towers were positioned relative to the barrier. One was located windward at 10H distance from the barrier; the other was located leeward and was movable to distances of 1H, 2H, 4H, 7H, 10H, 12H, 15H, and 20H from the barrier, where H is the average barrier height. The wind speeds measured in the field ranged from 4 to 7 m s-1, with lower wind speeds encountered during the leaf-off condition. As expected, wind speed reductions were greater for the leaf-on condition and ranged from 40% to 80% at 1H from the barrier, while the reduction was 20% to 38% for the leaf-off condition. The crown portion of the barrier was found to be responsible for much of the reduction. Mean values of the drag coefficient were 1.3 for the leaf-on condition, decreasing to 0.9 for the leaf-off condition of the Osage orange barrier, which corresponded to mean optical porosities of 20% and 61%, respectively Keywords: Drag coefficient, Image analysis, Osage orange, Porosity, Vegetative barrier, Wind erosion.

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Autran, P. "Note de botanique : à propos de l'Oranger des Osages (Maclura auriantiaca Nutt.)." Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique 26, no. 4 (October 1986): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0335-7457(86)80036-3.

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47

Gomes, Guilherme Augusto Canella, Renato Paiva, Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, and Edson José Artiaga Santiago. "Plant regeneration from callus cultures of Maclura tinctoria, an endangered woody species." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 39, no. 3 (May 2003): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ivp2002401.

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48

Nikolaeva, S., J. J. Saavedra-Arias, G. Sáenz-Arce, R. Salas, J. Vega Baudrit, G. Rodríguez, and P. Pantyukhov. "Polymeric compounds materials with polyethylene ( LDPE) and fibers Maclura tinctoria tree ( Moraceae )." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i2.1147.

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Costa Rica has extensive areas of tropical forests that, managed with care and knowledge, can provide renewable raw materials and conserve biodiversity. Here we characterize the branches, leaves and bark of the “Mora Tree”, Maclura tinctoria. We manufactured composite polymeric materials and applied infrared spectrometry, liquid chromatography, optical microscopy, and the analysis of thermal and mechanical properties. We found polyphenols in all parts of the tree. The natural substrate increases crystallization temperature and reduces the crystallinity of low density polyethylene (LDPE). The elasticity modulus is higher for the composite material than for the LDPE. The fibers of this species are a promissing alternative for new products and to reduce the environmental impact of traditional polymeric materials.

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Kim, Dae-Woon, Da-Ham Kim, Jong-Kuk Kim, Soo-Hwan Yeo, Han-Suk Choi, Young-Hoi Kim, and Myung-Kon Kim. "Comparison of volatile compounds in Maclura tricuspidata fruit vinegar and commercial vinegars." Korean Journal of Food Preservation 27, no. 1 (February 2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2020.27.1.85.

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Azemi-Ardakani, Mohammad, Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani, Abdolkarim Zarei, and Somayeh Soltani-Gerdfaramarzi. "Influence of different soil amendments on drought stress tolerance of Maclura pomifera." Plant Physiology Reports 25, no. 3 (June 12, 2020): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40502-020-00524-6.

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