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Journal articles on the topic 'Macro- and microphysics properties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Yuan, Tianle, and Zhanqing Li. "General Macro- and Microphysical Properties of Deep Convective Clouds as Observed by MODIS." Journal of Climate 23, no. 13 (2010): 3457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3136.1.

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Abstract Deep convective clouds (DCCs) are an important player in the climate system. In this paper the authors use remote sensing data mainly from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud product to investigate a few general cloud macro- and microphysical properties of DCCs. This investigation concentrates on the tallest convective clouds and associated thick anvils that are labeled “deep convective clouds.” General geographical patterns of DCCs from MODIS data are consistent with previous studies. By examining statistics of optical properties of DCCs over different loc

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2

Loewer, Barry. "The emergence of time's arrows and special science laws from physics." Interface Focus 2, no. 1 (2011): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2011.0072.

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In this paper, I will argue that there is an important connection between two questions concerning how certain features of the macro world emerge from the laws and processes of fundamental microphysics and suggest an approach to answering these questions. The approach involves a kind of emergence but quite different from ‘top-down’ emergence discussed at the conference, for which an earlier version of this paper was written. The two questions are (i) How do ‘the arrows of time’ emerge from microphysics? (ii) How do macroscopic special science laws and causation emerge from microphysics? Answer

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Chen, Guoxing, Wei-Chyung Wang, and Jen-Ping Chen. "Aerosol–Stratocumulus–Radiation Interactions over the Southeast Pacific." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 7 (2015): 2612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0319.1.

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Atmosphere–ocean general circulation models tend to underestimate the solar radiative forcing by stratocumulus over the southeast Pacific, contributing to a warm sea surface temperature (SST) bias. The underestimation may be caused by biases in either macro- or micro- (or both) physical properties of clouds. This study used the WRF Model (incorporated with a physics-based two-moment cloud microphysical scheme) together with the 2008 Variability of the American Monsoon Systems Ocean–Cloud–Atmosphere–Land Study (VOCALS) field observations to investigate the effects of anthropogenic aerosols on t

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Yan, Hongru, Zhanqing Li, Jianping Huang, Maureen Cribb, and Jianjun Liu. "Long-term aerosol-mediated changes in cloud radiative forcing of deep clouds at the top and bottom of the atmosphere over the Southern Great Plains." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 14 (2014): 7113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7113-2014.

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Abstract. Aerosols can alter the macro- and micro-physical properties of deep convective clouds (DCCs) and their radiative forcing (CRF). This study presents what is arguably the first long-term estimate of the aerosol-mediated changes in CRF (AMCRF) for deep cloud systems derived from decade-long continuous ground-based and satellite observations, model simulations, and reanalysis data. Measurements were made at the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. Satellite retrievals are from the Geostationary Operational Environmental S

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Yan, Hongru, Zhanqing Li, Jianping Huang, Maureen Cribb, and Jianjun Liu. "Long-term aerosol-mediated changes in cloud radiative forcing of deep clouds at the top and bottom of the atmosphere over the Southern Great Plains." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 4 (2014): 4599–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-4599-2014.

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Abstract. Aerosols can alter the macro- and micro-physical properties of deep convective clouds (DCC) and their radiative forcing (CRF). This study presents what is arguably the first long-term estimate of the aerosol-mediated changes in CRF (AMCRF) for deep cloud systems derived from decade-long continuous ground-based and satellite observations, model simulations and reanalysis data. Measurements were made at the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. Satellite retrievals are from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Sat

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Wang, Yingjue, Jiafeng Zheng, Zhigang Cheng, and Bingyun Wang. "Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution on the Eastern Slope of the Tibetan Plateau in Summer." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060562.

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Precipitation microphysics over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remain insufficiently understood, due to the lack of observations and studies. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) for rainfall that happened on the eastern slope of TP in summer. DSD differences between different rain types and under different rain rates are investigated. Confidential empirical relationships between the gamma shape and slope parameters, and between reflectivity and rain rate are proposed. DSD properties in this area are also compared with those in other areas. The re

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de Boer, Gijs, Edwin W. Eloranta, and Matthew D. Shupe. "Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratiform Cloud Properties from Multiple Years of Surface-Based Measurements at Two High-Latitude Locations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 9 (2009): 2874–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3029.1.

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Abstract Macro- and microphysical properties of single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds are derived from multiple years of lidar, radar, and radiosonde observations. Measurements were made as part of the Mixed-Phase Arctic Clouds Experiment (MPACE) and the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) in Barrow, Alaska, and Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, respectively. Single-layer mixed-phase clouds occurred between 4% and 26% of the total time observed, varying with season and location. They had mean cloud-base heights between ∼700 and 2100 m and thicknesses between ∼200 and 700 m. Seasonal mean

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Yang, Q., W. I. Gustafson, J. D. Fast, et al. "Impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on stratocumulus and precipitation in the Southeast Pacific: a regional modelling study using WRF-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 6 (2012): 14623–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-14623-2012.

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Abstract. Cloud-system resolving simulations with the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model are used to quantify the relative impacts of regional anthropogenic and oceanic emissions on changes in aerosol properties, cloud macro- and microphysics, and cloud radiative forcing over the Southeast Pacific (SEP) during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) (15 October–16 November 2008). Two distinct regions are identified. The near-coast polluted region is characterized by the strong suppression of non-sea-salt particle acti

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Yang, Q., W. I. Gustafson, J. D. Fast, et al. "Impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on stratocumulus and precipitation in the Southeast Pacific: a regional modelling study using WRF-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 18 (2012): 8777–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8777-2012.

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Abstract. Cloud-system resolving simulations with the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model are used to quantify the relative impacts of regional anthropogenic and oceanic emissions on changes in aerosol properties, cloud macro- and microphysics, and cloud radiative forcing over the Southeast Pacific (SEP) during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) (15 October–16 November 2008). Two distinct regions are identified. The near-coast polluted region is characterized by low surface precipitation rates, the strong suppress

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Fromm, C. M., Z. Younsi, A. Baczko, et al. "Using evolutionary algorithms to model relativistic jets." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (August 22, 2019): A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834724.

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Context. High-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of NGC 1052 show a two sided jet with several regions of enhanced emission and a clear emission gap between the two jets. This gap shrinks with increasing frequency and vanishes around ν ∼ 43 GHz. The observed structures are due to both the macroscopic fluid dynamics interacting with the surrounding ambient medium including an obscuring torus and the radiation microphysics. In order to model the observations of NGC 1052 via state-of-the art numerical simulations both the fluid-dynamical and emission processes have t

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11

Wu, Chenglai, Xiaohong Liu, Minghui Diao, et al. "Direct comparisons of ice cloud macro- and microphysical properties simulated by the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 with HIPPO aircraft observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 7 (2017): 4731–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4731-2017.

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Abstract. In this study we evaluate cloud properties simulated by the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) using in situ measurements from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign for the period of 2009 to 2011. The modeled wind and temperature are nudged towards reanalysis. Model results collocated with HIPPO flight tracks are directly compared with the observations, and model sensitivities to the representations of ice nucleation and growth are also examined. Generally, CAM5 is able to capture specific cloud systems in terms of vertical configuration and horizontal extens

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12

Huo, Juan, and Daren Lu. "Physical Properties of High-Level Cloud over Land and Ocean from CloudSat–CALIPSO Data." Journal of Climate 27, no. 23 (2014): 8966–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00329.1.

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Abstract Unlike other cloud types, high-level clouds play an important role, often imposing a warming effect, in the earth–atmosphere radiative energy budget. In this paper, macro- and microphysical characteristics of cirrus clouds, such as their occurrence frequency, geometric scale, water content, and particle size, over northern China (land area, herein called the L area) and the Pacific Ocean (ocean area, herein the O area) are analyzed and compared based on CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) products from 1 January 2007 to 31 December

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Saponaro, Giulia, Pekka Kolmonen, Larisa Sogacheva, Edith Rodriguez, Timo Virtanen, and Gerrit de Leeuw. "Estimates of the aerosol indirect effect over the Baltic Sea region derived from 12 years of MODIS observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 4 (2017): 3133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3133-2017.

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Abstract. Retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on-board the Aqua satellite, 12 years (2003–2014) of aerosol and cloud properties were used to statistically quantify aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) over the Baltic Sea region, including the relatively clean Fennoscandia and the more polluted central–eastern Europe. These areas allowed us to study the effects of different aerosol types and concentrations on macro- and microphysical properties of clouds: cloud effective radius (CER), cloud fraction (CF), cloud optical thickness (COT), cloud liquid water path (LW

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Shupe, Matthew D., Sergey Y. Matrosov, and Taneil Uttal. "Arctic Mixed-Phase Cloud Properties Derived from Surface-Based Sensors at SHEBA." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 2 (2006): 697–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3659.1.

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Abstract Arctic mixed-phase cloud macro- and microphysical properties are derived from a year of radar, lidar, microwave radiometer, and radiosonde observations made as part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) Program in the Beaufort Sea in 1997–98. Mixed-phase clouds occurred 41% of the time and were most frequent in the spring and fall transition seasons. These clouds often consisted of a shallow, cloud-top liquid layer from which ice particles formed and fell, although deep, multilayered mixed-phase cloud scenes were also observed. On average, individual cloud layers pers

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15

Huang, Yi, Steven T. Siems, Michael J. Manton, and Gregory Thompson. "An Evaluation of WRF Simulations of Clouds over the Southern Ocean with A-Train Observations." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 2 (2014): 647–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00128.1.

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Abstract The representation of the marine boundary layer (BL) clouds remains a formidable challenge for state-of-the-art simulations. A recent study by Bodas-Salcedo et al. using the Met Office Unified Model highlights that the underprediction of the low/midlevel postfrontal clouds contributes to the largest bias of the surface downwelling shortwave radiation over the Southern Ocean (SO). A-Train observations and limited in situ measurements have been used to evaluate the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, version 3.3.1 (WRFV3.3.1), in simulating the postfrontal clouds over Tasmania and t

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16

Pirazzini, R., P. Räisänen, T. Vihma, M. Johansson, and E. M. Tastula. "Measurements and modelling of snow particle size and shortwave infrared albedo over a melting Antarctic ice sheet." Cryosphere 9, no. 6 (2015): 2357–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2357-2015.

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Abstract. The albedo of a snowpack depends on the single-scattering properties of individual snow crystals, which have a variety of shapes and sizes, and are often bounded in clusters. From the point of view of optical modelling, it is essential to identify the geometric dimensions of the population of snow particles that synthesize the scattering properties of the snowpack surface. This involves challenges related to the complexity of modelling the radiative transfer in such an irregular medium, and to the difficulty of measuring microphysical snow properties. In this paper, we illustrate a m

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Pirazzini, R., P. Räisänen, T. Vihma, M. Johansson, and E. M. Tastula. "Measurements and modelling of snow particle size and shortwave infrared albedo over a melting Antarctic ice sheet." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 3 (2015): 3405–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-3405-2015.

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Abstract. The albedo of a snowpack depends on the single-scattering properties of individual snow crystals, which have a variety of shapes and sizes, and are often bounded in clusters. From the point of view of optical modelling, it is essential to identify the geometric dimensions of the population of snow particles that synthetize the scattering properties of the snowpack surface. This involves challenges related to the complexity of modelling the radiative transfer in such an irregular medium, and to the difficulty of measuring microphysical snow properties. In this paper, we illustrate a m

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18

Živković, L. J. M. "Electrotechnical materials: Microphysics structure properties." Microelectronics Journal 26, no. 5 (1995): xxi—xxii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2692(95)90053-5.

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19

Kärcher, B., B. Mayer, K. Gierens, U. Burkhardt, H. Mannstein, and R. Chatterjee. "Aerodynamic Contrails: Microphysics and Optical Properties." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 2 (2009): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2768.1.

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Abstract Aerodynamic contrails form when air flows across the wings of subsonic aircraft in cruise. During a short adiabatic expansion phase, high supersaturations trigger burstlike homogeneous ice formation on ambient liquid aerosol particles within a wing depth. Small particles freeze first because they equilibrate most rapidly. Ambient temperature is the key determinant of nascent aerodynamic contrail properties. Only above ∼232 K do they become visible (but optically thin). These temperatures are at the high end of those prevailing at tropical upper tropospheric flight levels of subsonic a

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20

Horiuchi, R., M. Den, T. Tanaka, H. Ohatni, and S. Usami. "Macro- and microphysics of magnetic reconnection in a multi-hierarchy open system." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 55, no. 1 (2012): 014008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/55/1/014008.

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21

Sarangi, Chandan, Yun Qian, Karl Rittger, et al. "Impact of light-absorbing particles on snow albedo darkening and associated radiative forcing over high-mountain Asia: high-resolution WRF-Chem modeling and new satellite observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 10 (2019): 7105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7105-2019.

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Abstract. Light-absorbing particles (LAPs), mainly dust and black carbon, can significantly impact snowmelt and regional water availability over high-mountain Asia (HMA). In this study, for the first time, online aerosol–snow interactions are enabled and a fully coupled chemistry Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) regional model is used to simulate LAP-induced radiative forcing on snow surfaces in HMA at relatively high spatial resolution (12 km, WRF-HR) compared with previous studies. Simulated macro- and microphysical properties of the snowpack and LAP-induced snow darkening are eva

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Miltenberger, Annette K., and Paul R. Field. "Sensitivity of mixed-phase moderately deep convective clouds to parameterizations of ice formation – an ensemble perspective." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 5 (2021): 3627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3627-2021.

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Abstract. The formation of ice in clouds is an important processes in mixed-phase and ice-phase clouds. Yet, the representation of ice formation in numerical models is highly uncertain. In the last decade, several new parameterizations for heterogeneous freezing have been proposed. However, it is currently unclear what the effect of choosing one parameterization over another is in the context of numerical weather prediction. We conducted high-resolution simulations (Δx=250 m) of moderately deep convective clouds (cloud top ∼-18 ∘C) over the southwestern United Kingdom using several formulation

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Dilmi, Mohamed Djallel, Cécile Mallet, Laurent Barthes, and Aymeric Chazottes. "Data-driven clustering of rain events: microphysics information derived from macro-scale observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 4 (2017): 1557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1557-2017.

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Abstract. Rain time series records are generally studied using rainfall rate or accumulation parameters, which are estimated for a fixed duration (typically 1 min, 1 h or 1 day). In this study we use the concept of rain events. The aim of the first part of this paper is to establish a parsimonious characterization of rain events, using a minimal set of variables selected among those normally used for the characterization of these events. A methodology is proposed, based on the combined use of a genetic algorithm (GA) and self-organizing maps (SOMs). It can be advantageous to use an SOM, since

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Atlas, David, Zhien Wang, and David P. Duda. "Contrails to Cirrus—Morphology, Microphysics, and Radiative Properties." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 45, no. 1 (2006): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2325.1.

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Abstract This work is two pronged, discussing 1) the morphology of contrails and their transition to cirrus uncinus, and 2) their microphysical and radiative properties. It is based upon the fortuitous occurrence of an unusual set of essentially parallel contrails and the unanticipated availability of nearly simultaneous observations by photography, satellite, automated ground-based lidar, and a newly available database of aircraft flight tracks. The contrails, oriented from the northeast to southwest, are carried to the southeast with a component of the wind so that they are spread from the n

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Barahona, D., A. Molod, J. Bacmeister, et al. "Development of two-moment cloud microphysics for liquid and ice within the NASA Goddard earth observing system model (GEOS-5)." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 4 (2013): 5289–373. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-5289-2013.

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Abstract. This work presents the development of a two-moment cloud microphysics scheme within the version 5 of the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5). The scheme includes the implementation of a comprehensive stratiform microphysics module, a new cloud coverage scheme that allows ice supersaturation and a new microphysics module embedded within the moist convection parameterization of GEOS-5. Comprehensive physically-based descriptions of ice nucleation, including homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing, and liquid droplet activation are implemented to describe the formation of cloud

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Otkin, Jason A., and Thomas J. Greenwald. "Comparison of WRF Model-Simulated and MODIS-Derived Cloud Data." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 6 (2008): 1957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2293.1.

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Abstract In this study, the ability of different combinations of bulk cloud microphysics and planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to realistically simulate the wide variety of cloud types associated with an extratropical cyclone is examined. An ensemble of high-resolution model simulations was constructed for this case using four microphysics and two PBL schemes characterized by different levels of complexity. Simulated cloud properties, including cloud optical thickness, cloud water path, cloud-top pressure, and radi

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Cox, Christopher J., David D. Turner, Penny M. Rowe, Matthew D. Shupe, and Von P. Walden. "Cloud Microphysical Properties Retrieved from Downwelling Infrared Radiance Measurements Made at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (2006–09)." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 3 (2014): 772–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0113.1.

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AbstractThe radiative properties of clouds are related to cloud microphysical and optical properties, including water path, optical depth, particle size, and thermodynamic phase. Ground-based observations from remote sensors provide high-quality, long-term, continuous measurements that can be used to obtain these properties. In the Arctic, a more comprehensive understanding of cloud microphysics is important because of the sensitivity of the Arctic climate to changes in radiation. Eureka, Nunavut (80°N, 86°25′W, 10 m), Canada, is a research station located on Ellesmere Island. A large suite of

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Barahona, D., A. Molod, J. Bacmeister, et al. "Development of two-moment cloud microphysics for liquid and ice within the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS-5)." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 4 (2014): 1733–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1733-2014.

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Abstract. This work presents the development of a two-moment cloud microphysics scheme within version 5 of the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5). The scheme includes the implementation of a comprehensive stratiform microphysics module, a new cloud coverage scheme that allows ice supersaturation, and a new microphysics module embedded within the moist convection parameterization of GEOS-5. Comprehensive physically based descriptions of ice nucleation, including homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing, and liquid droplet activation are implemented to describe the formation of cloud par

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Baek, Sunghye, and Soo Ya Bae. "New Optical Properties of Ice Crystals for Multiclass Cloud Microphysics." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 10, no. 11 (2018): 2971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001398.

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Liu, Xiaoli, and Shengjie Niu. "Numerical simulation of macro- and micro-structures of intense convective clouds with a spectral bin microphysics model." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 27, no. 5 (2010): 1078–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-8088-5.

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Sato, Kaori, Hajime Okamoto, Shuichiro Katagiri, Masataka Shiobara, Masanori Yabuki, and Toshiaki Takano. "Active sensor synergy for arctic cloud microphysics." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817608004.

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In this study, we focus on the retrieval of liquid and ice-phase cloud microphysics from spaceborne and ground-based lidar-cloud radar synergy. As an application of the cloud retrieval algorithm developed for the EarthCARE satellite mission (JAXA-ESA) [1], the derived statistics of cloud microphysical properties in high latitudes and their relation to the Arctic climate are investigated.

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Kim, Ju-Hye, Dong-Bin Shin, and Christian Kummerow. "Impacts of A Priori Databases Using Six WRF Microphysics Schemes on Passive Microwave Rainfall Retrievals." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 10 (2013): 2367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00261.1.

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Abstract Physically based rainfall retrievals from passive microwave sensors often make use of cloud-resolving models (CRMs) to build a priori databases of potential rain structures. Each CRM, however, has its own cloud microphysics assumptions. Hence, approximated microphysics may cause uncertainties in the a priori information resulting in inaccurate rainfall estimates. This study first builds a priori databases by combining the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) observations and simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with six diffe

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Grabowski, Wojciech W. "Comparison of Eulerian Bin and Lagrangian Particle-Based Microphysics in Simulations of Nonprecipitating Cumulus." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 11 (2020): 3951–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0100.1.

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AbstractA single nonprecipitating cumulus congestus setup is applied to compare droplet spectra grown by the diffusion of water vapor in Eulerian bin and particle-based Lagrangian microphysics schemes. Bin microphysics represent droplet spectral evolution applying the spectral density function. In the Lagrangian microphysics, computational particles referred to as superdroplets are followed in time and space with each superdroplet representing a multiplicity of natural cloud droplets. The same cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation and identical representation of the droplet diffusional gr

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Ohji, T., and M. Fukushima. "Macro-porous ceramics: processing and properties." International Materials Reviews 57, no. 2 (2012): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743280411y.0000000006.

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Mikowski, A., P. Soares, F. Wypych, J. E. F. C. Gardolinski, and CM Lepienski. "Mechanical properties of kaolinite ‘macro-crystals’." Philosophical Magazine 87, no. 29 (2007): 4445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430701550394.

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Sinha, Rajesh Kumar. "Macro disagreement and analyst forecast properties." Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics 17, no. 1 (2021): 100235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2020.100235.

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Zhang, Xiaolin, and Mao Mao. "Radiative properties of coated black carbon aerosols impacted by their microphysics." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 241 (January 2020): 106718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106718.

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Ulbrich, Carlton W., and David Atlas. "Rainfall Microphysics and Radar Properties: Analysis Methods for Drop Size Spectra." Journal of Applied Meteorology 37, no. 9 (1998): 912–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0912:rmarpa>2.0.co;2.

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Khvorostyanov, Vitaly I., and Kenneth Sassen. "Cirrus Cloud Simulation Using Explicit Microphysics and Radiation. Part II: Microphysics, Vapor and Ice Mass Budgets, and Optical and Radiative Properties." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 55, no. 10 (1998): 1822–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<1822:ccsuem>2.0.co;2.

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Morrison, Hugh, and Jason A. Milbrandt. "Parameterization of Cloud Microphysics Based on the Prediction of Bulk Ice Particle Properties. Part I: Scheme Description and Idealized Tests." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 1 (2015): 287–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0065.1.

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Abstract A method for the parameterization of ice-phase microphysics is proposed and used to develop a new bulk microphysics scheme. All ice-phase particles are represented by several physical properties that evolve freely in time and space. The scheme prognoses four ice mixing ratio variables, total mass, rime mass, rime volume, and number, allowing 4 degrees of freedom for representing the particle properties using a single category. This approach represents a significant departure from traditional microphysics schemes in which ice-phase hydrometeors are partitioned into various predefined c

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Xue, Lulin, Jiwen Fan, Zachary J. Lebo, et al. "Idealized Simulations of a Squall Line from the MC3E Field Campaign Applying Three Bin Microphysics Schemes: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Structure." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 12 (2017): 4789–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0385.1.

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The squall-line event on 20 May 2011, during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds (MC3E) field campaign has been simulated by three bin (spectral) microphysics schemes coupled into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Semi-idealized three-dimensional simulations driven by temperature and moisture profiles acquired by a radiosonde released in the preconvection environment at 1200 UTC in Morris, Oklahoma, show that each scheme produced a squall line with features broadly consistent with the observed storm characteristics. However, substantial differences in the details of t

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Jouan, Caroline, Jason A. Milbrandt, Paul A. Vaillancourt, Frédérick Chosson, and Hugh Morrison. "Adaptation of the Predicted Particles Properties (P3) Microphysics Scheme for Large-Scale Numerical Weather Prediction." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 6 (2020): 2541–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-20-0111.1.

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AbstractA parameterization for the subgrid-scale cloud and precipitation fractions has been incorporated into the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme for use in atmospheric models with relatively coarse horizontal resolution. The modified scheme was tested in a simple 1D kinematic model and in the Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model using an operational global NWP configuration with a 25-km grid spacing. A series of 5-day forecast simulations was run using P3 and the much simpler operational Sundqvist condensation scheme as a benchmark for comparison. The ef

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Derksen, J. W. B., G. J. H. Roelofs, and T. Röckmann. "Influence of entrainment of CCN on microphysical properties of warm cumulus." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 16 (2009): 6005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6005-2009.

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Abstract. We use a 1-D cloud model with explicit microphysics and a binned representation of the aerosol size distribution to investigate the influence of entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) on the microphysical development of warm cumulus clouds. For a more realistic representation of cloud drop spectral width, the model separates droplets that grow on aerosol that is initially present in the cloud from droplets growing on entrained aerosol. Model results are compared with observations of trade wind cumulus microphysics from the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean experiment (RICO, 2004

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Derksen, J. W. B., G. J. H. Roelofs, and T. Röckmann. "Influence of entrainment of CCN on microphysical properties of warm cumulus." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (2009): 8791–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-8791-2009.

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Abstract. We use a 1-D cloud model with explicit microphysics and a binned representation of the aerosol size distribution to investigate the influence of entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) on the microphysical development of warm cumulus clouds. For a more realistic representation of cloud drop spectral width, the model separates droplets that grow on aerosol that is initially present in the cloud from droplets growing on entrained aerosol. Model results are compared with observations of trade wind cumulus microphysics from the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean experiment (RICO, 2004

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Baran, Anthony J., Peter Hill, David Walters, et al. "The Impact of Two Coupled Cirrus Microphysics–Radiation Parameterizations on the Temperature and Specific Humidity Biases in the Tropical Tropopause Layer in a Climate Model." Journal of Climate 29, no. 14 (2016): 5299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0821.1.

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Abstract The impact of two different coupled cirrus microphysics–radiation parameterizations on the zonally averaged temperature and humidity biases in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) of a Met Office climate model configuration is assessed. One parameterization is based on a linear coupling between a model prognostic variable, the ice mass mixing ratio qi, and the integral optical properties. The second is based on the integral optical properties being parameterized as functions of qi and temperature, Tc, where the mass coefficients (i.e., scattering and extinction) are parameterized as no

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Planche, Céline, Frédéric Tridon, Sandra Banson, et al. "On the Realism of the Rain Microphysics Representation of a Squall Line in the WRF Model. Part II: Sensitivity Studies on the Rain Drop Size Distributions." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 8 (2019): 2811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0019.1.

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Abstract A comparison between retrieved properties of the rain drop size distributions (DSDs) from multifrequency cloud radar observations and WRF Model results using either the Morrison or the Thompson bulk microphysics scheme is performed in order to evaluate the model’s ability to predict the rain microphysics. This comparison reveals discrepancies in the vertical profile of the rain DSDs for the stratiform region of the squall-line system observed on 12 June 2011 over Oklahoma. Based on numerical sensitivity analyses, this study addresses the bias at the top of the rain layer and the verti

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Cheng, Chao-Tzuen, Wei-Chyung Wang, and Jen-Ping Chen. "A modelling study of aerosol impacts on cloud microphysics and radiative properties." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 133, no. 623 (2007): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.25.

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Choularton, T. W., K. N. Bower, and M. W. Gallagher. "The effect of sulphur chemistry on the scattering properties of particles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1350 (1997): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0016.

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A model has been developed of the interaction of aerosol with shallow layer clouds. The model includes aqueous phase chemical processes, particularly the oxidation of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) occurring in droplets formed on cloud condensation nuclei of known chemical composition. The cloud microphysics as a function of height above cloud base is predicted along with changes to the aerosol size distribution and hygroscopic properties after a single cycle through cloud. The predictions of the model are compared with observations from a hill cap cloud experiment for a single cloud pass. A stratocu

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Arteaga, Diana, Céline Planche, Christina Kagkara, et al. "Evaluation of Two Cloud-Resolving Models Using Bin or Bulk Microphysics Representation for the HyMeX-IOP7a Heavy Precipitation Event." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (2020): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111177.

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The Mediterranean region is frequently affected in autumn by heavy precipitation that causes flash-floods or landslides leading to important material damage and casualties. Within the framework of the international HyMeX program (HYdrological cycle in Mediterranean EXperiment), this study aims to evaluate the capabilities of two models, WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and DESCAM (DEtailed SCAvenging Model), which use two different representations of the microphysics to reproduce the observed atmospheric properties (thermodynamics, wind fields, radar reflectivities and precipitation feat

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Duft, Denis, Mario Nachbar, and Thomas Leisner. "Unravelling the microphysics of polar mesospheric cloud formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 5 (2019): 2871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2871-2019.

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Abstract. Polar mesospheric clouds are the highest water ice clouds occurring in the terrestrial atmosphere. They form in the polar summer mesopause, the coldest region in the atmosphere. It has long been assumed that these clouds form by heterogeneous nucleation on meteoric smoke particles which are the remnants of material ablated from meteoroids in the upper atmosphere. However, until now little was known about the properties of these nanometre-sized particles and application of the classical theory for heterogeneous ice nucleation was impacted by large uncertainties. In this work, we perfo

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