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Journal articles on the topic 'Macro rough'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Fang, Hongwei, Xu Han, Guojian He, and Subhasish Dey. "Influence of permeable beds on hydraulically macro-rough flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 847 (May 25, 2018): 552–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.314.

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In this study, macro-rough flows over beds with different permeability values are simulated using the large-eddy simulation, and the results are analysed by applying the double-averaging (DA) methodology. Spheres of different sizes and arrangements were used to form the beds, which are deemed to be permeable granular beds. The influence of bed permeability on the turbulence dynamics and structure is investigated. It was observed that the scales of the spanwise vortical structures over more permeable beds are larger than those over less permeable beds. This is attributed to large-scale spanwise

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2

Huang, Shiping, and Anil Misra. "Micro–Macro-Shear-Displacement Behavior of Contacting Rough Solids." Tribology Letters 51, no. 3 (2013): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0178-y.

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3

Erpicum, S��bastien, Tobias Meile, Benjamin J. Dewals, Michel Pirotton, and Anton J. Schleiss. "2D numerical flow modeling in a macro-rough channel." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 61, no. 11 (2009): 1227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2002.

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McLauchlin, Theodore. "Desertion, Terrain, and Control of the Home Front in Civil Wars." Journal of Conflict Resolution 58, no. 8 (2014): 1419–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002714547901.

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This article examines desertion in civil wars, focusing on the role of combatants’ hometowns in facilitating desertion. Analyzing data from the Spanish Civil War, the article demonstrates that combatants who come from hill country are considerably more likely to desert than combatants whose hometowns are on flat ground. This is because evasion is easier in rough terrain. The finding implies that the cohesion of armed groups depends on control, not just positive incentives, and that control of territory in civil wars goes beyond rebel–government contestation, and consists also of control behind

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5

Ghilardi, Tamara, Mário J. Franca, and Anton J. Schleiss. "Period and amplitude of bedload pulses in a macro-rough channel." Geomorphology 221 (September 2014): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.006.

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6

Sun, Qingchao, Xiaokai Mu, Bo Yuan, Jiawen Xu, and Wei Sun. "Characteristics extraction and numerical analysis of the rough surface macro-morphology." Engineering Computations 36, no. 3 (2019): 765–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2018-0347.

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PurposeThis paper aims to distinguish the relationship between the morphology characteristics of different scales and the contact performance of the mating surfaces. Also, an integrated method of the spectrum analysis and the wavelet transform is used to separate the morphology characteristics of the actual machined parts.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a three-dimensional (3D) surface profilometer is used to obtain the surface morphology data of the actual machined parts. Second, the morphology characteristics of different scales are realized by the wavelet analysis and the power spectral d

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7

Francisco, Arthur, and Noël Brunetière. "Full and Hybrid Multiscale Lubrication Modeling." Lubricants 10, no. 12 (2022): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10120329.

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The numerical solution for the lubrication of parallel rough surfaces cannot be obtained using the well-known flow factors of Patir and Cheng. Nor can it be determined using homogenization techniques. Is there an alternative, besides a purely long-term deterministic way of solving the problem? The present paper aims at proposing a multiscale approach in order to reduce the computing time, specific to deterministic resolutions, while maintaining good accuracy. The configuration is a parallel rough surface slider, with imposed hydrodynamic operating conditions. The domain consists of independent

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8

Bobji, M. S., and S. K. Biswas. "Deconvolution of hardness from data obtained from nanoindentation of rough surfaces." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 6 (1999): 2259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0302.

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Variation of hardness with penetration in nanoindentation of a rough surface is a compound effect of variation in asperity geometry with penetration, designated geometric effect, and genuine property gradients with depth as may exist in a near-surface zone. We simulate indentation of a rough surface numerically to elucidate the geometric effects and validate it by some model “macro” experiments. Finally, we formulate a general framework to deconvolute genuine property variation by normalizing the measured hardness with the geometric effect.

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MIGNOT, EMMANUEL, E. BARTHELEMY, and D. HURTHER. "Double-averaging analysis and local flow characterization of near-bed turbulence in gravel-bed channel flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 618 (January 10, 2009): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008004643.

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This investigation focuses on the characteristics of near-bed turbulence in fully rough gravel-bed open-channel flows. The analysis combines results obtained with the double-averaging methodology and local flow characterization, using velocity measurements provided by a high-resolution three-axis Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profiler (ADVP). As a result of the flow heterogeneity induced by the bed topography, the flow is not locally uniform in the near-bed region, and a double-averaging methodology is applied over a length scale much greater than the gravel size. In smooth- and rough-bed flow con

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10

Zha, Fusheng, Chen Chen, Wei Guo, Penglong Zheng, and Junyi Shi. "A free gait controller designed for a heavy load hexapod robot." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (2019): 168781401983836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019838369.

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As macroscopic rough terrains are time varying and full of local topographic mutations, stable locomotions of legged robots moving through such terrains in a fixed gait form can be hardly obtained. This problem becomes more severe as the size and weight of the robot increase. An ideal pre-planned gait changing method can also be hardly designed due to the same limitations. Aiming to solve the problem, a new kind of free gait controller applied to a large-scale hexapod robot with heavy load is developed. The controller consists of two parts, a free gait planner and a gait regulator. Based on th

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11

Beaudoin, Anthony, and Mohamad Farhat. "Impact of the fracture contact area on macro-dispersion in single rough fractures." Comptes Rendus. Mécanique 349, no. 2 (2021): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/crmeca.82.

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12

Dubois, G., J. Cesbron, H. P. Yin, and F. Anfosso-Lédée. "Macro-scale approach for rough frictionless multi-indentation on a viscoelastic half-space." Wear 272, no. 1 (2011): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.07.011.

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13

Kosoy, Boris. "Micro channels in macro thermal management solutions." Thermal Science 10, no. 1 (2006): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0601081k.

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Modern progress in electronics is associated with increase in computing ability and processing speed, as well as decrease in size. Future applications of electronic devices in aviation, aero space and high performance consumer products? industry demand on very stringent specifications concerning miniaturization, component density, power density and reliability. Excess heat produces stresses on internal components inside the electronic device, thus creating reliability problems. Thus, a problem of heat generation and its efficient removal arises and it has led to the development of advanced the

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14

Ai, Xiaolan, and Linqing Zheng. "A General Model for Microelastohydrodynamic Lubrication and Its Full Numerical Solution." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 4 (1989): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261979.

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A general transient model for microelastohydrodynamic lubrication with Eyring fluid was established in this paper to describe the basic processes involved in thin film lubrication with rough surfaces, namely the process of a single asperity when it passes through the macro-EHL contact with or without sliding, and the process for a pair of asperities when they collide under macro-EHL pressure ambient. The solution of this model was performed by a relaxation iteration method that had been found to be simple and effective. Results showed some physical features that were previously unknown, and pr

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15

Yan, Xiaoyu, Wei Wang, Xiaojun Liu, Jimin Xu, Lihong Zhu, and Bingxun Yang. "Using FEM to study the frictional instability induced by third-body particles confined in frictional interface." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 10 (2020): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-12-2019-0544.

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Purpose A finite element method (FEM) model of the frictional behavior of two rough surfaces with a group of third-body particles confined by the surface asperities is established. By monitoring the stress distribution, friction force and the displacement of the surfaces, how the frictional instability is induced by these particles is studied. This modeling job aims to explore the relation between the meso-scale behavior and the macro-scale frictional behavior of these particles. Design/methodology/approach By using FEM, a 2D model of two frictional rough surfaces with a group of elastic or el

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16

Ghilardi, T., M. J. Franca, and A. J. Schleiss. "Bulk velocity measurements by video analysis of dye tracer in a macro-rough channel." Measurement Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (2014): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/25/3/035003.

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17

Foko Foko, Flavien, Lukas Rüth, Oliver Koch, and Bernd Sauer. "Study of the Plastic Behavior of Rough Bearing Surfaces Using a Half-Space Contact Model and the Fatigue Life Estimation According to the Fatemi–Socie Model." Lubricants 11, no. 3 (2023): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11030133.

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A multiscale approach for the fatigue life estimation of rolling bearings is presented in this paper and applied to inner rings of cylindrical roller bearings of the type NU208. The forces acting in the rolling contact are determined from system-oriented modeling at the macro level. The microscale contact simulations are carried out in a half-space contact model. The stresses on the inner ring are determined and used in the local fatigue approach, according to Fatemi–Socie, for fatigue life estimation. Four surface variants were investigated, one ideally smooth surface and three real (rough) s

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18

Kuwata, Y., K. Suga, and Y. Kawaguchi. "An extension of the second moment closure model for turbulent flows over macro rough walls." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 77 (June 2019): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.04.003.

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19

Camargo, Chico Q., Jonathan Bright, and Scott A. Hale. "Diagnosing the performance of human mobility models at small spatial scales using volunteered geographical information." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 11 (2019): 191034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191034.

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Accurate modelling of local population movement patterns is a core, contemporary concern for urban policymakers, affecting both the short-term deployment of public transport resources and the longer-term planning of transport infrastructure. Yet, while macro-level population movement models (such as the gravity and radiation models) are well developed, micro-level alternatives are in much shorter supply, with most macro-models known to perform poorly at smaller geographical scales. In this paper, we take a first step to remedy this deficit, by leveraging two novel datasets to analyse where and

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20

Altunbas, Adlen, Behzad Soltanbeigi, and Ozer Cinicioglu. "DEM analysis of passive failure state behind a rigid retaining wall: effect of boundary conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 14012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199214012.

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Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) is a virtual testing method that enables multiscale studies on granular materials. DEM provides a well-controlled testing environment, which enables precise systematic evaluation of the factors influencing the bulk response. The current study focuses on the behaviour of cohesionless backfills while a passive state of stress is simulated (i.e. rigid retaining wall translates toward backfill). Though particle-scale properties (e.g. size, shape and cohesion) play an important role on the macro response, the main objective in this study is to highlight the extent b

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21

Mann, J. B., T. N. Farris, and S. Chandrasekar. "Effects of Friction on Contact of Transverse Ground Surfaces." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 3 (1994): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928858.

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The two-dimensional plane-strain sliding contact of a smooth rigid roller on a transverse ground rough surface is analyzed. The rough surface is idealized as an elastic half-space with periodic roughness modeled as cylindrical ridges oriented transverse to the sliding direction. The contact problem is solved using a numerical iterative method in which each asperity contact is treated as a micro-Hertz contact, and the exact treatment of asperity interaction is included. The subsurface stress field is calculated using Westergaard stress functions. The subsequent analysis compares the rough surfa

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22

Bahrami, M., J. R. Culham, M. M. Yananovich, and G. E. Schneider. "Review of Thermal Joint Resistance Models for Nonconforming Rough Surfaces." Applied Mechanics Reviews 59, no. 1 (2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2110231.

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The thermal contact resistance (TCR) in a vacuum is studied. The TCR problem is divided into three different parts: geometrical, mechanical, and thermal. Each problem includes a macro- and microscale subproblem; existing theories and models for each part are reviewed. Empirical correlations for microhardness, and the equivalent (sum) rough surface approximation, are discussed. Suggested correlations for estimating the mean absolute surface slope are summarized and compared with experimental data. The most common assumptions of existing thermal analyses are summarized. As basic elements of ther

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23

Yang, Sanqiang, Xiaoyu Zhou, Lusheng Qin, Na Liu, and Yongli Cai. "Experimental Study on Macro-Mesoscopic Components and Indexes of Buton Gilsonite-Modified Asphalt." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (December 10, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9170756.

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Gilsonite-modified asphalt is one of the hotspots of high-performance modified asphalt research. In this paper, the macroscopic composition and index of gilsonite-modified asphalt are analyzed; gilsonite, matrix asphalt, and modified asphalt with different gilsonite contents were analyzed by high- and low-temperature performance tests, antiaging performance test, four-component test, infrared spectral test, and SEM electroscope scanning test. The results showed that the content of aromatic fraction, colloid, and asphaltene in Buton gilsonite was 3.1%, 95.6%, and 32.9% higher than that of matri

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24

ISHIGAMI, Genya, Kenji TSUCHIYA, Hirotaka SUZUKI, Kota KATSUSHIMA, and Shingo OZAKI. "High-fidelity Simulator of Construction Robot using Macro-Microscopic Interaction Mechanics of Machines in Rough Terrain." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2019 (2019): 2P1—D08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2019.2p1-d08.

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25

Zhang, Li, Dong Hui Wen, Shi Ming Ji, Qiao Ling Yuan, and Zhen Hao Xu. "A Survey of the Machining Characteristics and Mechanical Polishing Technology of CVD Diamond Films." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.192.

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The rough surfaces and non-uniform thicknesses of chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond films and substrates affect their industrial application. In recent years, many polishing and planarization methods have been reported, but each method has its relative merits. This paper reviews the necessity for processing of the CVD diamond films first. Then the processing mechanism of micro-cracking and the characteristics of mechanical polishing of diamond films are discussed. The remove form of the material and surface characteristics are compared by three mechanical polishing method, including fre

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26

Fulton, Diane, Richard Fulton, and Thomas Garsombke. "The 3/2 Country Market Evaluation Model: Inclusive Emerging Market Paradigm." Journal of International Business Research and Marketing 6, no. 5 (2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.65.3002.

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The authors present a new country market selection model using a three filter/two phase approach to scanning: 1) a macro filter using mega aggregate country statistics (external environments) in the rough cut phase with “broad fit” company compatibilities (values, vision, goals, capabilities, management feel) and critical success factors (make or break issues); 2) anEM filter to consider and evaluate emerging country markets of potential, also in the rough cut phase, matching the EM factors “broad fit” with the critical success factors of the organization and 3) a micro filter using key succes

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27

Bahrami, M., J. R. Culham, and M. M. Yovanovich. "Modeling Thermal Contact Resistance: A Scale Analysis Approach." Journal of Heat Transfer 126, no. 6 (2004): 896–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1795238.

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A compact analytical model is developed for predicting thermal contact resistance (TCR) of nonconforming rough contacts of bare solids in a vacuum. Instead of using probability relationships to model the size and number of microcontacts of Gaussian surfaces, a novel approach is taken by employing the “scale analysis method.” It is demonstrated that the geometry of heat sources on a half-space for microcontacts is justifiable for an applicable range of contact pressure. It is shown that the surface curvature and contact pressure distribution have no effect on the effective microthermal resistan

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Zhang, Jian, Xianli Zhao, Canmian Liu, and Wei Wang. "Reliability Evolution of Elevators Based on the Rough Set and the Improved TOPSIS Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 18, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4784965.

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Focusing on reliability evaluation of elevator equipment operation, this paper builds a model for reliability evaluation of elevator equipment. First, we analyze the factors influencing the reliability of elevators and extract the initial evaluation indicators from four macro-perspectives: people, management, equipment, and environment, to build the index system for reliability evaluation of elevator equipment. And, we reduce the indicator set to remove the unnecessary indicators by using the rough set and weight the reduced indicators according to expert opinions. Finally, on this basis, we c

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Jiang, Xiaofei, D. Y. Hua, H. S. Cheng, Xiaolan Ai, and Si C. Lee. "A Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Model With Asperity Contact." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 3 (1999): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834093.

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Most machine elements, such as gears and bearings, are operated in the mixed lubrication region. To evaluate lubrication performance for these tribological components, a contact model in mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication is presented. This model deals with the EHL problem in the very thin film region where the film is not thick enough to separate the asperity contact of rough surface. The macro contact area is then divided into the lubricated area and the micro asperity contact areas by the contacted rough surfaces. In the case when asperity to asperity contact is present, Reynolds equation

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30

Szmukler-Moncler, Serge, Cornelio Blus, David Morales Schwarz, and Germano Orrù. "Characterization of a Macro- and Micro-Textured Titanium Grade 5 Alloy Surface Obtained by Etching Only without Sandblasting." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225074.

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Our purpose was to physically characterize the surface, and the subsurface, of a macro- and micro-textured titanium grade 5 dental implant surface obtained by etching only, without sandblasting. The topography, surface roughness, as well as the surface structure and subsurface distribution of elements, were determined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), non-contact profilometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a concentration profile performed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The hydrogen concentration in the implants was measured; the ability to generate nanostructures when stored in d

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31

Lee, John D., and Jennifer Morgan. "Identifying Clumsy Automation at the Macro Level: Development of a Tool to Estimate Ship Staffing Requirements." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 14 (1994): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801418.

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Automation promises increased operating efficiency and suggests the opportunity to reduce the number of people required to operate commercial ships safely; however, clumsy automation may degrade safety and performance, rather than enhance it. This paper distinguishes between clumsy automation at the macro level and clumsy automation at the micro level and discusses macro level issues. Specifically, macro level clumsy automation refers to the failure to consider the broad implications of automation induced crew reductions. Clumsy automation may reduce workload and facilitate crew reductions dur

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32

Zhu, Yue, and Ho Yin Kan. "Aviation and Airspace Management under Rough Set Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6736884.

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With the development of aviation industry, a series of problems have appeared in aviation and airspace, among which the most prominent problem is the congestion of aviation and airspace. Airspace congestion has become a major problem in the development of civil aviation in China. Especially in the central and eastern regions of China, airspace congestion is becoming more and more serious. To better solve the problem of airspace congestion, rough set theory and the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) model are first analyzed. By analyzing the temporal and spatial characteristics of traffic congestion in the co

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Chern, Shin Yuh, Jeng Haur Horng, Cheng Han Tsai, and Hung Jung Tsai. "The Micro-Temperatures of the Peaks and Valleys of Sliding Rough Surfaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 883 (July 2018): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.883.53.

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The surface micro-temperature of sliding, rough bodies is an important factor affecting contact properties, such as chemical reactions of automatic injectors for medicine and chemical processes and surface failure of micro-and macro-devices. In this work, the Finite Element Method is used to analyze the micro-temperature of the peaks and valleys of multiplying asperity sliding contact surfaces. The affecting parameters include pressure, roughness, sliding speed, Peclet number, and thermal conductivity of rough surfaces. Analysis results showed that the effects of the studied parameters are dif

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Song, Jin Long, Xin Liu, Yao Lu, Li Bo Wu, and Wen Ji Xu. "Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Aluminum Substrates via Electrochemical Etching and Re-Deposition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.351.

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Superhydrophobic surfaces on metal substrates are often prepared via roughing the surfaces and lowering their surface energy. The superhydrophobic aluminum surface with a water contact angle of 162.5° and rolling angle less than 6° was fabricated via electrochemical etching and re-deposition using the alkalic Na3PO4 electrolyte and then fluorination treating. The surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the surface consists of the micrometer-scale lumps and protrusi

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Zhang, Qingdong, Shuo Li, Rui Li, and Boyang Zhang. "Multiscale Comparison Study of Void Closure Law and Mechanism in the Bimetal Roll-Bonding Process." Metals 9, no. 3 (2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030343.

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The void closure mechanism during the roll-bonding process was investigated using a multiscale approach, which includes contact deformation at the macro-scale and atomic bonding at the micro-scale. The closure process of the voids was observed using roll-bonding tests of 304 stainless steel/Q235 carbon steel. A finite element model was built to simulate the macroscopic deformation process of 304/Q235 material, and a molecular dynamics model established to simulate the deformation process of the microscopic rough peaks. The closure law and mechanism of interface voids at the macro- and micro-sc

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Tjahjana, D. D. D. P., and Y. Waloyo. "Failure Analysis of Super Hard End Mill HSS-Co." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (2019): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0025.

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AbstractThe failure of tools will make a large impact to the productivity, so it must be investigated to avoid the next failure. In this case, the super hard end mill HSS-Co list 4SE code 6210 was broken when it was used for side milling processing of mild steel AISI A36 with rotation speed, cutting speed and cutting depth of 540 rpm, 0.10 m/min (4 ipm) and 16 mm respectively. Standard procedure of failure analysis was performed including macro-micro investigation using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) attachment, micro hardness test, and Finite Elem

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Pozdnуakova, Tatyana A., and Roman A. Bubenchikov. "The study of morphological and anatomical features of the herb astragalus glycyphyllus L." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 22, no. 1 (2022): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55531/2072-2354.2022.22.1.50-54.

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Aim to establish the morphological, anatomical and microdiagnostic features of the stem, leaf blade, calyx and corolla of Astragalus glycyphyllus in accordance with the regulatory documentation. Material and methods. The object of the study was the herb Astragalus glycyphyllus harvested in the Kursk region in 2021 during the period of mass flowering of the plant. The State Pharmacopoeia XIV standard was used for macro- and microscopic analysis. Results. The raw material of the licorice-leaved astragalus consists of non-woody leafy stems 20-25 cm long with flowers, whole and crushed

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38

Aboutalebi, Seyed Hamed, Zahra Gholamvand, and Mansoor Keyanpour-Rad. "ELECTROSPINNING OF CONTINUOUS CARBON NAONOFIBER-FILLED COMPOSITE FIBERS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 05 (January 2012): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512002450.

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In order to translate the superior properties of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to macro-scale structures, an electrospinning route capable of placing CNFs into a continuous nano-scale composite fibril is introduced. In this work, composite fibers were produced by electrospinning solution of polyacrylonitrile ( PAN ) with carbon nanofibers dispersed in dimethylformamide ( DMF ), which is an effective solvent for carbon nanofibers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated rough and globular surfaces on the CNF containing fibers. Raman spectra confirmed the pre

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Mu, Taopin, Xianyong Zhang, and Zhiwen Mo. "Double-Granule Conditional-Entropies Based on Three-Level Granular Structures." Entropy 21, no. 7 (2019): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21070657.

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Rough set theory is an important approach for data mining, and it refers to Shannon’s information measures for uncertainty measurements. The existing local conditional-entropies have both the second-order feature and application limitation. By improvements of hierarchical granulation, this paper establishes double-granule conditional-entropies based on three-level granular structures (i.e., micro-bottom, meso-middle, macro-top ), and then investigates the relevant properties. In terms of the decision table and its decision classification, double-granule conditional-entropies are proposed at mi

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Gu, Chunxing, Xianghui Meng, Di Zhang, and Youbai Xie. "A transient analysis of the textured journal bearing considering micro and macro cavitation during an engine cycle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 10 (2017): 1289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117692721.

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This paper presents a transient analysis of the textured journal bearing system. A mass-conserving model is developed to consider the combined effects of the inter-asperity cavitation and the macroscopic cavitation between two rough textured surfaces. In this model, the inter-asperity cavitation induced by the roughness is considered by the statistical approach (the classic flow factor methodology), while the deterministic approach is used to deal with the macroscopic cavitation induced by textures and macroscopic geometry. Moreover, the system of discretized equations for this model is uncons

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BARAKAT, NASSER A. M., M. S. A. SOLIMAN, and FATMA A. ZAHRAN. "Macro- and micro-morphometrical seed characters in seven species of Egyptian Datura and Nicotiana (Solanaceae)." Phytotaxa 413, no. 2 (2019): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.413.2.4.

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This work describes and compares the external macro- and micro-morphometrical features of the seed of seven species of Datura and Nicotiana belonging to two tribes of the Solanaceae. Fourteen unique characters were measured and described, the results of which reveal marked differences, both among and within genera. The species of Datura exhibited higher values than those of Nicotiana in all morphometrically measured parameters, such as seed weight, size, perimeter, and surface area, with no or little variation in roundness and eccentricity. For qualitative features, the notched outline, rough

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Badika, Menes, Bassel El Merabi, Sophie Capdevielle, Frederic Dufour, Dominique Saletti, and Matthieu Briffaut. "Influence of Concrete–Rock Bonds and Roughness on the Shear Behavior of Concrete–Rock Interfaces under Low Normal Loading, Experimental and Numerical Analysis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115643.

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Direct shear tests were performed to study the influence of concrete–rock bonds and roughness on the shear behavior of concrete–rock interfaces. The results of these tests show that the shear behavior of concrete–hardrock interfaces depends on the micro-roughness driving the formation of strong concrete–rock bonds and on the macro-roughness accounting for the influence of the surfaces interlocking. Based on this outcome and recent literature, a cohesive frictional model is used to simulate direct shear tests of bonded concrete–granite interfaces with the explicit representation of naturally ro

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Wei, De Qiang, Xin Dong, and Shan Qiu Li. "Failure Analysis of Stress Corrosion Crack of 1Cr18Ni9 Stainless Steel Cylinder Body." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1094–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1094.

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As a kind of corrosion resistant material, stainless steel is widely used in petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical. Stress corrosion cracking is a main reason that why the stainless steel became disabled. Therefore, it is very necessary to research and study the stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel .The failure analysis to the sample is conducted aiming at the stress corrosion of the stainless steel piston cylinder in a factory. The analysis includes macro analysis, metallographic observation, scanning electron microscopy analysis and XRD analysis. The results of the study show that it i

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Grün, Jeremias, Simon Feldmeth, and Frank Bauer. "The sealing mechanism of radial lip seals: A numerical study of the tangential distortion of the sealing edge." Tribology and Materials 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2022.001.

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The sealing behaviour of elastomeric radial lip seals is essentially affected by the sealing mechanism in the contact area between the sealing edge and the shaft surface. The relative motion between radial lip seal and shaft deforms the sealing edge tangentially in the circumferential direction. This mechanical deformation is considered essential for the sealing mechanism. In this study, a numerical approach is employed to simulate this deformation. A three-dimensional multiscale model serves this purpose. The radial lip seal geometry is described on the macro-scale. On the micro-scale, an art

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Belousov, M. V., A. Yu Chernyshov, I. V. Ignatev, et al. "Statistical Model Explaining the Fine Structure and Interface Reference of Localized Excitons in Type-II GaAs/AlAs Superlattices." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 07, no. 01 (1998): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021886359800003x.

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Raman scattering experiments have allowed the determination of the spatial distribution of the thicknesses of GaAs and AlAs layers in a gradient GaAs/AlAs superlattice. A statistical model is developed which is consistent with all the data and ways to improve interface quality are suggested. The fine structures of XΓ and ΓΓ excitons observed in photoluminescence and differential reflection are found to be governed by the fractional parts of the average thickness of the layer (in monolayers). We conclude that each structure has two scales of fluctuations which form the relief of the AlAs surfac

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Kwak, Myeong Ja, Jongkyu Lee, Sanghee Park, et al. "Understanding Particulate Matter Retention and Wash-Off during Rainfall in Relation to Leaf Traits of Urban Forest Tree Species." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (2023): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020165.

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Dynamic particulate matter (PM) behavior on leaves depends on rainfall events, leaf structural and physical properties, and individual tree crowns in urban forests. To address this dependency, we compared the observed relationships between PM wash-off ability and leaf traits on inner and outer crown-positioned leaves during rainfall events. Data showed significant differences in the PM wash-off ability between inner and outer crown-positioned leaves relative to rainfall events due to leaf macro- and micro-structure and geometric properties among tree species. Our results showed that PM wash-of

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Somov, Pavel A., Eugene S. Statnik, Yuliya Kan, et al. "FIB-DIC Residual Stress Evaluation in Shot Peened VT6 Alloy Validated by X-ray Diffraction and Laser Speckle Interferometry." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (2022): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071235.

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Ga-ion micro-ring-core FIB-DIC evaluation of residual stresses in shot peened VT6 (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy was carried out and cross-validated against other non-destructive and semi-destructive residual stresses evaluation techniques, namely, the conventional sin2ψ X-ray diffraction and mechanical hole drilling. The Korsunsky FIB-DIC method of Ga-ion beam micro-ring-core milling within FIB-SEM with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) deformation analysis delivered spatial resolution down to a few micrometers, while the mechanical drilling of circular holes of ~2 mm diameter with laser speckle interferome

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Baglin, K. P. "Some Aspects of the Micro-Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Rough Cylinders Finished with a Circumferential Lay." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 204, no. 3 (1990): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1990_204_091_02.

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Earlier work has shown that sinusoidal asperities with a circumferential lay give rise to transverse pressure ripples within the nominally smooth elastohydrodynamic pressure distribution. The ripples can become sufficiently large to cause elastic deformation of the generating asperities. This paper assumes that the deformed shape can be described using the Westergaard ‘dry contact’ analysis with the load (that, fraction of the total load contained within the pressure ripple) being unknown a priori. Solution of the Reynolds equation leads to the production of non-dimensional plots which give th

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Cao, Hui, Yu Tian, and Yonggang Meng. "A FRACTURE-INDUCED ADHESIVE WEAR CRITERION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE SIMULATION OF WEAR PROCESS OF THE POINT CONTACTS UNDER MIXED LUBRICATION CONDITION." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2021): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume210108021c.

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Adhesive wear is one of the four major wear mechanisms and very common in almost all macro-, micro- or nanotribosystems. In an adhesive wear process, tiny material fragments are pulled off from one sliding surface and adhered onto the counterpart. Later these fragments form loose particles or transfer between the contact surfaces. Because of the topographical and physicochemical property non-uniformity of engineering surfaces, adhesive wear happens heterogeneously on the loaded sliding surfaces, and it is also discontinuous during sliding or rolling motion owing to the damage accumulation and

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Arola, D., and M. Ramulu. "A Study of Kerf Characteristics in Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Graphite/Epoxy Composite." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 2 (1996): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804897.

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Kerf geometry, kerf wall features, and cutting front characteristics of an Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) machined Graphite/Epoxy (Gr/Ep) laminate were studied. A macroscopic analyses suggests that geometrical features associated with AWJ machining of Gr/Ep laminates are influenced by three macro regions along the cutting depth. The presence of these regions, including initial damage at jet entry, smooth cutting, and rough cutting near the jet exit, depends on the operating conditions. Design of experiments and analysis of variance were used to determine the effect of cutting parameters on kerf chara

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