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1

Delgado-Rodriguez, Sofia E., Andrew P. Ryan, and Matthew D. Daugherty. "Recurrent Loss of Macrodomain Activity in Host Immunity and Viral Proteins." Pathogens 12, no. 5 (2023): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050674.

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Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are an important battleground in the evolutionary arms races that are waged between the host innate immune system and viruses. One such PTM, ADP-ribosylation, has recently emerged as an important mediator of host antiviral immunity. Important for the host–virus conflict over this PTM is the addition of ADP-ribose by PARP proteins and removal of ADP-ribose by macrodomain-containing proteins. Interestingly, several host proteins, known as macroPARPs, contain macrodomains as well as a PARP domain, and these proteins are both important for the host a
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2

Haikarainen, Teemu, Mirko M. Maksimainen, Ezeogo Obaji, and Lari Lehtiö. "Development of an Inhibitor Screening Assay for Mono-ADP-Ribosyl Hydrolyzing Macrodomains Using AlphaScreen Technology." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 23, no. 3 (2017): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555217737006.

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Protein mono-ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification involved in the regulation of several cellular signaling pathways. Cellular ADP-ribosylation is regulated by ADP-ribose hydrolases via a hydrolysis of the protein-linked ADP-ribose. Most of the ADP-ribose hydrolases share a macrodomain fold. Macrodomains have been linked to several diseases, such as cancer, but their cellular roles are mostly unknown. Currently, there are no inhibitors available targeting the mono-ADP-ribose hydrolyzing macrodomains. We have developed a robust AlphaScreen assay for the screening of inhibitors ag
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3

Hammond, Robert G., Norbert Schormann, Robert Lyle McPherson, Anthony K. L. Leung, Champion C. S. Deivanayagam, and Margaret A. Johnson. "ADP-ribose and analogues bound to the deMARylating macrodomain from the bat coronavirus HKU4." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2021): e2004500118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004500118.

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Macrodomains are proteins that recognize and hydrolyze ADP ribose (ADPR) modifications of intracellular proteins. Macrodomains are implicated in viral genome replication and interference with host cell immune responses. They are important to the infectious cycle of Coronaviridae and Togaviridae viruses. We describe crystal structures of the conserved macrodomain from the bat coronavirus (CoV) HKU4 in complex with ligands. The structures reveal a binding cavity that accommodates ADPR and analogs via local structural changes within the pocket. Using a radioactive assay, we present evidence of mo
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4

Rack, Johannes Gregor Matthias, Valentina Zorzini, Zihan Zhu, Marion Schuller, Dragana Ahel, and Ivan Ahel. "Viral macrodomains: a structural and evolutionary assessment of the pharmacological potential." Open Biology 10, no. 11 (2020): 200237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200237.

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Viral macrodomains possess the ability to counteract host ADP-ribosylation, a post-translational modification implicated in the creation of an antiviral environment via immune response regulation. This brought them into focus as promising therapeutic targets, albeit the close homology to some of the human macrodomains raised concerns regarding potential cross-reactivity and adverse effects for the host. Here, we evaluate the structure and function of the macrodomain of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. We show that it can antagonize ADP-ribosylation by PARP14, a cellular (ADP-ribosy
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5

Ekblad, Torun, Patricia Verheugd, Anders E. Lindgren, Tomas Nyman, Mikael Elofsson, and Herwig Schüler. "Identification of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Macrodomain Inhibitors Using an AlphaScreen Protocol." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 23, no. 4 (2018): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555217750870.

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Macrodomains recognize intracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation resulting in either removal of the modification or a protein interaction event. Research into compounds that modulate macrodomain functions could make important contributions. We investigated the interactions of all seven individual macrodomains of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family members PARP9, PARP14, and PARP15 with five mono-ADP-ribosylated (automodified) ADP-ribosyltransferase domains using an AlphaScreen assay. Several mono-ADP-ribosylation-dependent interactions were identified, and they wer
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6

Kuri, Thomas, Klara K. Eriksson, Akos Putics, et al. "The ADP-ribose-1″-monophosphatase domains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E mediate resistance to antiviral interferon responses." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 8 (2011): 1899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.031856-0.

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Several plus-strand RNA viruses encode proteins containing macrodomains. These domains possess ADP-ribose-1″-phosphatase (ADRP) activity and/or bind poly(ADP-ribose), poly(A) or poly(G). The relevance of these activities in the viral life cycle has not yet been resolved. Here, we report that genetically engineered mutants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) expressing ADRP-deficient macrodomains displayed an increased sensitivity to the antiviral effect of alpha interferon compared with their wild-type counterparts. The data sugges
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7

Hussain, Irfan, Nashaiman Pervaiz, Abbas Khan, et al. "Evolutionary and structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 specific evasion of host immunity." Genes & Immunity 21, no. 6-8 (2020): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41435-020-00120-6.

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AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading fast worldwide. There is a pressing need to understand how the virus counteracts host innate immune responses. Deleterious clinical manifestations of coronaviruses have been associated with virus-induced direct dysregulation of innate immune responses occurring via viral macrodomains located within nonstructural protein-3 (Nsp3). However, no substantial information is available concerning the relationship of macrodomains to the unusually high pathogeni
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8

Leung, Anthony K. L., Diane E. Griffin, Jürgen Bosch, and Anthony R. Fehr. "The Conserved Macrodomain Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Coronaviruses and Alphaviruses." Pathogens 11, no. 1 (2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010094.

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Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases pose continuous public health threats, and effective control requires a combination of non-pharmacologic interventions, treatment with antivirals, and prevention with vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the world was least prepared to provide effective treatments. This lack of preparedness has been due, in large part, to a lack of investment in developing a diverse portfolio of antiviral agents, particularly those ready to combat viruses of pandemic potential. Here, we focus on a drug target called macrodomain that is critical for the r
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9

Zapata-Pérez, Rubén, Fernando Gil-Ortiz, Ana Belén Martínez-Moñino, Antonio Ginés García-Saura, Jordi Juanhuix, and Álvaro Sánchez-Ferrer. "Structural and functional analysis of Oceanobacillus iheyensis macrodomain reveals a network of waters involved in substrate binding and catalysis." Open Biology 7, no. 4 (2017): 160327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160327.

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Macrodomains are ubiquitous conserved domains that bind or transform ADP-ribose (ADPr) metabolites. In humans, they are involved in transcription, X-chromosome inactivation, neurodegeneration and modulating PARP1 signalling, making them potential targets for therapeutic agents. Unfortunately, some aspects related to the substrate binding and catalysis of MacroD-like macrodomains still remain unclear, since mutation of the proposed catalytic aspartate does not completely abolish enzyme activity. Here, we present a functional and structural characterization of a macrodomain from the extremely ha
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10

Alhammad, Yousef M. O., and Anthony R. Fehr. "The Viral Macrodomain Counters Host Antiviral ADP-Ribosylation." Viruses 12, no. 4 (2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040384.

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Macrodomains, enzymes that remove ADP-ribose from proteins, are encoded by several families of RNA viruses and have recently been shown to counter innate immune responses to virus infection. ADP-ribose is covalently attached to target proteins by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a substrate. This modification can have a wide variety of effects on proteins including alteration of enzyme activity, protein–protein interactions, and protein stability. Several PARPs are induced by interferon (IFN) and are known to have antiviral properties, impl
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11

McPherson, Robert Lyle, Rachy Abraham, Easwaran Sreekumar, et al. "ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity of Chikungunya virus macrodomain is critical for virus replication and virulence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 7 (2017): 1666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621485114.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an Old World alphavirus, is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes and causes acute rash and arthritis, occasionally complicated by neurologic disease and chronic arthritis. One determinant of alphavirus virulence is nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) that contains a highly conserved MacroD-type macrodomain at the N terminus, but the roles of nsP3 and the macrodomain in virulence have not been defined. Macrodomain is a conserved protein fold found in several plus-strand RNA viruses that binds to the small molecule ADP-ribose. Prototype MacroD-type macrodomains also
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12

Jia, Su-Jie, Si Jin, Fan Zhang, Fan Yi, William L. Dewey, and Pin-Lan Li. "Formation and function of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms with CD38 during M1-receptor stimulation in bovine coronary arterial myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 4 (2008): H1743—H1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00617.2008.

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CD38 contains an ADP ribosylcyclase domain that mediates intracellular Ca2+ signaling by the production of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), but the mechanisms by which the agonists activate this enzyme remain unclear. The present study tested a hypothesis that a special lipid-raft (LR) form, ceramide-enriched lipid platform, contributes to CD38 activation to produce cADPR in response to muscarinic type 1 (M1) receptor stimulation in bovine coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs). By confocal microscopic analysis, oxotremorine (Oxo), an M1 receptor agonist, was found to increase LR clustering on the membra
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13

Gamble, Matthew J. "Expanding the functional repertoire of macrodomains." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 20, no. 4 (2013): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2552.

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14

Xu, Guisheng, Haosu Luo, Zhenyi Qi, Haiqing Xu, and Zhiwen Yin. "Domain configurations in relaxor ferroelectric single crystals Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 4 (2001): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0132.

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The 90° macrodomains in tetragonal Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMNT) crystals take the shape of coarse and straight strips under optical microscopes and scanning electron acoustic microscopes. However, 71° or 109° domains in rhombohedral PMNT crystals are relatively poor in contrast and become clearer, coarser and straighter as their composition becomes closer to morphotropic phase boundaries, showing an evolution series of micro-to-macro domain transformation. Moreover, domain configurations are also dependent on the nucleation and growth rate of domains, the crystal defects, and the cooling rat
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15

Zhang, Sixue, Atefeh Garzan, Nicole Haese, et al. "Pyrimidone inhibitors targeting Chikungunya Virus nsP3 macrodomain by fragment-based drug design." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245013.

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The macrodomain of nsP3 (nsP3MD) is highly conserved among the alphaviruses and ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity of Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) nsP3MD is critical for CHIKV viral replication and virulence. No small molecule drugs targeting CHIKV nsP3 have been identified to date. Here we report small fragments that bind to nsP3MD which were discovered by virtually screening a fragment library and X-ray crystallography. These identified fragments share a similar scaffold, 2-pyrimidone-4-carboxylic acid, and are specifically bound to the ADP-ribose binding site of nsP3MD. Among the fragments, 2-oxo-5
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16

Rack, Johannes Gregor Matthias, Dragutin Perina, and Ivan Ahel. "Macrodomains: Structure, Function, Evolution, and Catalytic Activities." Annual Review of Biochemistry 85, no. 1 (2016): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014935.

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17

Iqbal, Saleem, and Sheng-Xiang Lin. "Deep Drug Discovery of Mac Domain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) Spike Inhibitors: Using Experimental ACE2 Inhibition TR-FRET Assay, Screening, Molecular Dynamic Simulations and Free Energy Calculations." Bioengineering 10, no. 8 (2023): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10080961.

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SARS-CoV-2 exploits the homotrimer transmembrane Spike glycoproteins (S protein) during host cell invasion. The Omicron XBB subvariant, delta, and prototype SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain show similar binding strength to hACE2 (human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2). Here we utilized multiligand virtual screening to identify small molecule inhibitors for their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus using QPLD, pseudovirus ACE2 Inhibition -Time Resolved Forster/Fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) Assay Screening, and Molecular Dynamics simulations (MDS). Three hundred and fifty thousand compo
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18

Wang, Xu-Ting, and Bin-Guang Ma. "Spatial Chromosome Organization and Adaptation of Escherichia coli under Heat Stress." Microorganisms 12, no. 6 (2024): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12061229.

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The spatial organization of bacterial chromosomes is crucial for cellular functions. It remains unclear how bacterial chromosomes adapt to high-temperature stress. This study delves into the 3D genome architecture and transcriptomic responses of Escherichia coli under heat-stress conditions to unravel the intricate interplay between the chromosome structure and environmental cues. By examining the role of macrodomains, chromosome interaction domains (CIDs), and nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), this work unveils the dynamic changes in chromosome conformation and gene expression patterns ind
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19

Wazir, Sarah, Mirko M. Maksimainen, Heli I. Alanen, Albert Galera-Prat, and Lari Lehtiö. "Activity-Based Screening Assay for Mono-ADP-Ribosylhydrolases." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 26, no. 1 (2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555220928911.

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ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in the regulation of many vital cellular processes. This posttranslational modification is carried out by ADP-ribosyltransferases converting β-NAD+ into nicotinamide and a protein-linked ADP-ribosyl group or a chain of PAR. The reverse reaction, release of ADP-ribose from the acceptor molecule, is catalyzed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases. Several hydrolases contain a macrodomain fold, and activities of human macrodomain protein modules vary from reading or erasing mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation. Macrodomains have been linked to diseases
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20

Hoch, Nicolas C. "Host ADP-ribosylation and the SARS-CoV-2 macrodomain." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 4 (2021): 1711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20201212.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted intense research efforts into elucidating mechanisms of coronavirus pathogenesis and to propose antiviral interventions. The interferon (IFN) response is the main antiviral component of human innate immunity and is actively suppressed by several non-structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins, allowing viral replication within human cells. Differences in IFN signalling efficiency and timing have emerged as central determinants of the variability of COVID-19 disease severity between patients, highlighting the need for an improved understanding of host–pathogen interactions
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21

Pardo, Lorena, Alvaro García, Klaus Brebøl, Elisa Mercadelli, and Carmen Galassi. "Characterization of Nanostructured Phases and Peculiar Phase Transitions in BNBT Lead-Free Piezoceramics." Advances in Science and Technology 90 (October 2014): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.90.12.

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Submicron-structured (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (BNBT6) dense ceramics, from nanometric powder synthesized by sol gel auto-combustion at 500°C and obtained by hot-pressing (800°C-2h) and subsequent recrystallization at moderate temperature (1000-1050°C-1h), have been studied. In-situ measurements at the shear mode of electromechanical resonance of non-standard thickness-poled shear plates as a function of the temperature show higher depolarization temperature than measurements at the radial mode of thin disks. Shear mode related material coefficients are measurable up to 160°C, being k15≈30% a
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22

Lee, Hyunmi, Jimmy A. Rotolo, Judith Mesicek, et al. "Mitochondrial Ceramide-Rich Macrodomains Functionalize Bax upon Irradiation." PLoS ONE 6, no. 6 (2011): e19783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019783.

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23

Garab, G., and L. Mustárdy. "Role of LHCII-containing macrodomains in the structure, function and dynamics of grana." Functional Plant Biology 26, no. 7 (1999): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99069.

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In higher plants and green algae two types of thylakoids are distinguished, granum (stacked) and stroma (unstacked) thylakoids. They form a three-dimensional (3D) network with large lateral heterogeneity: photosystem II (PSII) and the associated main chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex (LHCII) are found predominantly in the stacked region, while PSI and LHCI are located mainly in the unstacked region of the membrane. This picture emerged from the discovery of the physical separation of the two photosystems (Boardman and Anderson 1964). Granal chloroplasts possess significant flexibility,
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24

Garab, G., and L. Mustárdy. "Role of LHCII-containing macrodomains in the structure, function and dynamics of grana." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 7 (2000): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99069_c1.

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In higher plants and green algae two types of thylakoids are distinguished, granum (stacked) and stroma (unstacked) thylakoids. They form a three-dimensional (3D) network with large lateral heterogeneity: photosystem II (PSII) and the associated main chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex (LHCII) are found predominantly in the stacked region, while PSI and LHCI are located mainly in the unstacked region of the membrane. This picture emerged from the discovery of the physical separation of the two photosystems (Boardman and Anderson 1964). Granal chloroplasts possess significant flexibility,
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25

Garab, G., and L. Mustárdy. "Role of LHCII-containing macrodomains in the structure, function and dynamics of grana." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 3 (2000): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99069_co.

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In higher plants and green algae two types of thylakoids are distinguished, granum (stacked) and stroma (unstacked) thylakoids. They form a three-dimensional (3D) network with large lateral heterogeneity: photosystem II (PSII) and the associated main chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex (LHCII) are found predominantly in the stacked region, while PSI and LHCI are located mainly in the unstacked region of the membrane. This picture emerged from the discovery of the physical separation of the two photosystems (Boardman and Anderson 1964). Granal chloroplasts possess significant flexibility,
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26

Lee, Hyunmi, Jimmy A. Rotolo, Judith Mesicek, et al. "Correction: Mitochondrial Ceramide-Rich Macrodomains Functionalize Bax upon Irradiation." PLOS ONE 10, no. 12 (2015): e0146210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146210.

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27

Fehr, Anthony R., Gytis Jankevicius, Ivan Ahel, and Stanley Perlman. "Viral Macrodomains: Unique Mediators of Viral Replication and Pathogenesis." Trends in Microbiology 26, no. 7 (2018): 598–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2017.11.011.

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28

Lapaque, Nicolas, Frederique Forquet, Chantal de Chastellier, et al. "Characterization of Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide macrodomains as mega rafts." Cellular Microbiology 8, no. 2 (2006): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00609.x.

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29

Jiang, A. Q., Z. H. Chen, W. H. Song, and L. D. Zhang. "Imaging the collapse of macrodomains from coupling defect-dipole relaxation." Physical Review B 61, no. 9 (2000): 5835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.61.5835.

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30

Forst, Alexandra H., Tobias Karlberg, Nicolas Herzog, et al. "Recognition of Mono-ADP-Ribosylated ARTD10 Substrates by ARTD8 Macrodomains." Structure 21, no. 3 (2013): 462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2012.12.019.

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31

Huang, Yuwei, Ben Zucker, Shaojin Zhang, et al. "Migrasome formation is mediated by assembly of micron-scale tetraspanin macrodomains." Nature Cell Biology 21, no. 8 (2019): 991–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-019-0367-5.

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32

Solymosi, K., K. Lenti, B. Myśliwa‐Kurdziel, J. Fidy, K. Strzałka, and B. Böddi. "Hg2+Reacts with Different Components of the NADPH: Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase Macrodomains." Plant Biology 6, no. 3 (2004): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817893.

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33

Zuev, L. B. "Kinetics of Localized Plasticity Macrodomains at the Prefracture Stage in Metals." Technical Physics 50, no. 12 (2005): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.2148568.

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34

Mitra, Rishav, and James Fraser. "Role of conformational dynamics in the catalytic mechanism of viral macrodomains." Biophysical Journal 123, no. 3 (2024): 356a—357a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.2156.

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35

Lesterlin, Christian, Romain Mercier, Frédéric Boccard, François‐Xavier Barre, and François Cornet. "Roles for replichores and macrodomains in segregation of the Escherichia coli chromosome." EMBO reports 6, no. 6 (2005): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400428.

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36

Ivry, Yachin, Vera Lyahovitskaya, Ilya Zon, Igor Lubomirsky, Ellen Wachtel, and Alexander L. Roytburd. "Enhanced pyroelectric effect in self-supported films of BaTiO3 with polycrystalline macrodomains." Applied Physics Letters 90, no. 17 (2007): 172905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2730749.

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37

Akbas, Mehmet A., Ian M. Reaney, and William E. Lee. "Domain structure-property relations in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 9 (1996): 2293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0292.

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The domain structure and dielectric properties as a function of lanthanum concentration and Zr/Ti ratio have been investigated in rhombohedral and tetragonal lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that, with increasing lanthanum concentration and Zr/Ti ratio, the long-range-ordered domains (macrodomains) reduced in width, initially being fine scale (20 nm) striations, but eventually forming a “mottled” contrast (5 nm), characteristic of a relaxor. Relative permittivity measurements as a function of temperature revealed a correlation between
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38

Fijal, J., M. Zyla, and M. Tokarz. "Chemical, sorptive and morphological properties of montmorillonite treated with ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) solutions." Clay Minerals 20, no. 1 (1985): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1985.020.1.07.

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AbstractThe fluorination of montmorillonite by aqueous ammonium bifluoride solution (NH4HF2) has been investigated by chemical, sorptive, porosimetric and electron microscopic methods. Changes in the chemical composition of the montmorillonite during the fluorination were compared both in the crystal surface and in the bulk sample. The accumulation of fluorine was distinctly zonal, being present mainly in the surface layers. The electron microscope studies showed that the 300–400 nm thick macrodomains in the initial montmorillonite were cracked into small microdomains 20–30 nm in thickness, th
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39

Espéli, Olivier, and Frédéric Boccard. "Organization of the Escherichia coli chromosome into macrodomains and its possible functional implications." Journal of Structural Biology 156, no. 2 (2006): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2006.07.010.

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40

Huang, Yuwei, Ben Zucker, Shaojin Zhang, et al. "Publisher Correction: Migrasome formation is mediated by assembly of micron-scale tetraspanin macrodomains." Nature Cell Biology 21, no. 10 (2019): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-019-0389-z.

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41

Ghitescu, Lucian, Bruce S. Jacobson, and Philippe Crine. "A Novel, 85 KDA Endothelial Antigen Differentiates Plasma Membrane Macrodomains in Lung Alveolar Capillaries." Endothelium 6, no. 3 (1999): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10623329909053414.

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42

Tan, Jinzhi, Clemens Vonrhein, Oliver S. Smart, et al. "The SARS-unique domain of SARS-CoV contains two macrodomains that bind G-quadruplexes." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 65, a1 (2009): s143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767309097128.

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43

Yang, Hongyuan. "Abstract 1538 Phosphatidylserine regulates plasma membrane repair through the assembly of tetraspanin-enriched macrodomains." Journal of Biological Chemistry 300, no. 3 (2024): 106350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.106350.

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Enoki, Thais A., Haden L. Scott, Gerald W. Feigenson, and Frederick A. Heberle. "Inter- and Intra-Plane Interactions Control the Existence of Macrodomains in Asymmetric Giant Unilamellar Vesicles." Biophysical Journal 120, no. 3 (2021): 147a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1080.

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Dame, Remus T., Olga J. Kalmykowa, and David C. Grainger. "Chromosomal Macrodomains and Associated Proteins: Implications for DNA Organization and Replication in Gram Negative Bacteria." PLoS Genetics 7, no. 6 (2011): e1002123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002123.

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Tan, Jinzhi, Clemens Vonrhein, Oliver S. Smart, et al. "The SARS-Unique Domain (SUD) of SARS Coronavirus Contains Two Macrodomains That Bind G-Quadruplexes." PLoS Pathogens 5, no. 5 (2009): e1000428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000428.

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Karamyshev, Dmytro, Valentyn Suvorov, and Roman Sobol. "OVERCOMING SYSTEMIC VULNERABILITIES OF THE SPHERES OF INFLUENCE OF HYBRID THREATS IN ENSURING STABILITY AND COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." Public Administration and Regional Development, no. 24 (February 7, 2024): 628–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34132/pard2024.24.14.

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The article summarizes international experience and methodical approaches regarding the complex solution of tasks to overcome systemic vulnerabilities in the spheres of influence of hybrid threats and the formation of a national resilience ecosystem. Defines that the characteristic features of hybrid aggression are the use of a wide range of military, paramilitary and non-military means, which include tools of political, economic, and humanitarian influence of the enemy on the defining spheres of society's life. The asymmetry of hybrid aggression involves non-linearity and rhizomorphism, as we
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Pileni, M. P. "Control of the Size and Shape of Inorganic Nanocrystals at Various Scales from Nano to Macrodomains." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 26 (2007): 9019–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp070646e.

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Boekema, Egbert J., Jan F. L. van Breemen, Henny van Roon, and Jan P. Dekker. "Arrangement of photosystem II supercomplexes in crystalline macrodomains within the thylakoid membrane of green plant chloroplasts." Journal of Molecular Biology 301, no. 5 (2000): 1123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2000.4037.

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Spiliotis, Elias T., and Michael A. McMurray. "Masters of asymmetry – lessons and perspectives from 50 years of septins." Molecular Biology of the Cell 31, no. 21 (2020): 2289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0648.

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Septins are a unique family of GTPases, which were discovered 50 years ago as essential genes for the asymmetric cell shape and division of budding yeast. Septins assemble into filamentous nonpolar polymers, which associate with distinct membrane macrodomains and subpopulations of actin filaments and microtubules. While structurally a cytoskeleton-like element, septins function predominantly as spatial regulators of protein localization and interactions. Septin scaffolds and barriers have provided a long-standing paradigm for the generation and maintenance of asymmetry in cell membranes. Septi
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