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Journal articles on the topic 'Macrofaune'
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1
Liashenko, A., K. Zorina-Sakharova, Iu Volikov, V. Makovskyi, Iu Sytnyk, and N. Kolesnyk. "INVERTEBRATE MACROFAUNE OF THE TEREMKIVSKY-3 POND (NIVKA RIVER)." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni, no. 2(40) (June 28, 2017): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2017.02.003.
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Tamsire, Samb, Cissé Ababacar, and Ndiaye Abdoulaye Baïla. "Diversité De La Macrofaune Du Sol Dans Les Parcelles De Reboisement De La Grande Muraille Verte Au Sénégal." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 15 (2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n15p185.
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Objective: To assess the effect of vegetation cover on soil macrofauna, a study focused on the diversity of soil macrofauna inside and outside reforestation plots of the Great Green Wall in Senegal was carried out. Methodology: The sampling of macrofauna was performed according to the method recommended by the TSBF network (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility). It involves isolating 10 ground plots along a transect of 50 meters chosen at random in each plot and outside of each plot. The macrofauna was sampled between February and July 2016 during the dry season Results: The results show, in order of importance Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Coleoptera, the Spiders, the isopods and springtails are the taxonomic groups of the study area. The density of each of these taxa is larger inside and outside of the plots. The vertical distribution of macrofauna shows that the 0-10 cm layer is more densely populated than the deeper layers. Conclusion: This study showed a low diversity of soil macrofauna in the area. It also shows that the vegetation cover affects the density of the macrofauna.
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Michel, Patrick, Émilie Campmas, Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Roland Nespoulet, Mohammed Abdeljalil El Hajraoui, and Fethi Amani. "La macrofaune du Pléistocène supérieur d’El Harhoura 2 (Témara, Maroc) : données préliminaires." L'Anthropologie 113, no. 2 (2009): 283–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2009.04.003.
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Plint, Hilary A., and Peter H. von Bitter. "Windsor Group (Lower Carboniferous) conodont biostratigraphy and palaeoecology, Magdalen Islands, Quebec, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 4 (1986): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-048.
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The Taphrognathus transatlanticus, Clydagnathus windsorensis, and Gnathodus zones, initially defined in the Codroy Group of Newfoundland, were identified in the Havre-aux-Maisons Formation of the Windsor Group of the Magdalen Islands, Quebec, Canada. Recognition of these zones permits correlation within the islands and with Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. The Taphrognathus transatlanticus and Clydagnathus windsorensis zones correlate with the lower and upper macrofaunal B Subzone, respectively, whereas the Gnathodus Zone corresponds to the C, D, and E macrofaunal subzones.Tectonism and plastic movement of sulphates and chlorides have resulted in fragmentation and transport of parts of the Havre-aux-Maisons Formation. The conodont zonation complements the macrofaunal zonation permitting correlation of fragmented blocks. When macrofaunas are scarce or absent the conodont zonation provides an alternative to one based on macrofauna only. It has been used effectively in assessing previous zonal determinations based on macrofauna.Conodonts of the Magdalen Islands are dominated by Clydagnathus, Cavusgnathus, Mestognathus, and Taphrognathus, all asymmetric cavusgnathiform genera. This dominance, the total lack of Gnathodus, abundant sulphates and chlorides, as well as foraminiferal and algal evidence, suggest that Lower Carboniferous conodonts of the Magdalen Islands lived in shallow-water shelf environments under conditions of fluctuating salinity.
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Ouedraogo, Jean, Élisée Ouedraogo, and Hassan Bismarck Nacro. "La macrofaune du sol améliore l’efficience de l’utilisation de l’énergie par les microorganismes." Journal of Applied Biosciences 114, no. 1 (2017): 11345. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v114i1.8.
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Massé, Henri L. "Les carbonates associés à la macrofaune des sables fins littoraux en Méditerranée nord-occidentale." Oceanologica Acta 22, no. 4 (1999): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-1784(00)88724-1.
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Fiskal, Annika, Eva Anthamatten, Longhui Deng, et al. "Carbon sources of benthic fauna in temperate lakes across multiple trophic states." Biogeosciences 18, no. 14 (2021): 4369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4369-2021.
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Abstract. Previous studies have shown that microbially produced methane can be a dominant carbon source of lacustrine sedimentary macrofauna in eutrophic lakes, most likely through grazing on methane-oxidizing bacteria. Here we investigate the contributions of different carbon sources to macrofaunal biomass across five lakes in central Switzerland that range from oligotrophic to highly eutrophic. Macrofaunal communities change with trophic state, with chironomid larvae dominating oligotrophic and tubificid oligochaetes dominating eutrophic lake sediments. The 13C-isotopic data suggest that the average contribution of methane-derived carbon to the biomass of both macrofaunal groups is similar but consistently remains minor, ranging from only ∼1 % in the oligotrophic lake to at most 12 % in the eutrophic lakes. The remaining biomass can be explained by the assimilation of detritus-derived organic carbon. Low abundances of methane-cycling microorganisms in macrofaunal specimens, burrows, and surrounding sediment based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences and copy numbers of genes involved in anaerobic and aerobic methane cycling (mcrA, pmoA) support the interpretation of isotopic data. Notably, 16S rRNA gene sequences of macrofauna, including macrofaunal guts, are highly divergent from those in tubes or sediments. Many macrofaunal specimens are dominated by a single 16S rRNA phylotype of Fusobacteria, α-, β-, γ-, or ε-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, or Parcubacteria. This raises the question of whether dominant lake macrofauna live in so far uncharacterized relationships with detrital organic-matter-degrading bacterial endosymbionts.
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Kandler, Nora, Michael Wooster, Matthieu Leray, et al. "Hyperdiverse Macrofauna Communities Associated with a Common Sponge, Stylissa carteri, Shift across Ecological Gradients in the Central Red Sea." Diversity 11, no. 2 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11020018.
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Sponges act as important microhabitats in the marine environment and promote biodiversity by harboring a wide variety of macrofauna, but little is known about the magnitude and patterns of diversity of sponge-associated communities. This study uses DNA barcoding to examine the macrofaunal communities associated with Stylissa carteri in the central Saudi Arabian Red Sea, an understudied ecosystem with high biodiversity and endemism. In total, 146 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were distinguished from 938 successfully-sequenced macrofauna individuals from 99 sponges. A significant difference was found in the macrofaunal community composition of S. carteri along a cross-shelf gradient using OTU abundance (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index), with more amphipods associated with offshore sponges and more brittle stars and fishes associated with inshore sponges. The abundance of S. carteri also showed a gradient, increasing with proximity to shore. However, no significant differences in macrofaunal community composition or total macrofauna abundance were observed between exposed and sheltered sides of the reefs and there was no significant change in total macrofauna abundance along the inshore–offshore gradient. As climate change and ocean acidification continue to impact coral reef ecosystems, understanding the ecology of sponges and their role as microhabitats may become more important for understanding their full ramifications for biodiversity.
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Flach, Els, Jan Vanaverbeke, and Carlo Heip. "The meiofauna:macrofauna ratio across the continental slope of the Goban Spur (north-east Atlantic)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 2 (1999): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000265.
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Meio- and macrofauna density and biomass were estimated at the OMEX-transect across the continental slope of the Goban Spur at water depths ranging from 208 to 4460 m in the north-east Atlantic. A linear increase in the ratio between meio- and macrofauna densities with increasing water depth was found. At the continental shelf meiofauna densities were ∼50 times higher than macrofauna densities, whereas in the abyss meiofauna densities were more than 1000 times higher. This change in ratio was due to a significant decrease in macrofauna densities with increasing water depth, whereas the meiofauna densities stayed more or less at the same level. The ratio in biomass between meio- and macrofauna showed a dip at ∼1000 m. At this depth macrofauna biomass was ∼55 times higher than meiofauna biomass, whereas at ∼4500 m macrofauna biomass was only about three times higher. Macrofauna biomass was high at ∼1000 m, due to the high mean individual weight of the macrofauna, whereas meiofauna biomass and mean individual weight were low at this depth.Meiofauna consisted of ∼90% nematodes. Within the macrofaunal fraction (>0.5 mm) a linear increase in the ratio between nematodes and macrofauna sensu stricto with depth was found. At the deepest station ∼20% of the macrofaunal fraction were nematodes, at the shallowest station only ∼2%. Thus, large nematodes became relatively more important with increasing water depth. Within the macrofauna a decrease in the abundance of filter- and surface deposit-feeders relative to the subsurface deposit-feeders with increasing water depth was observed, which may be related to a change in food input. As no decrease in mean individual weight with increasing water depth within either group could be observed, the change in meio:macrofauna ratios along the OMEX-transect merely reflects a change in taxonomic (functional) composition, rather than a change in size.
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Diop, A., AB Ndiaye, and CT Ba. "Décompositions de la bouse de bovin sèche et macrofaune associée en zone sahélienne semi-aride (Matam, Sénégal)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 7, no. 1 (2013): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v7i1.12.
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Coutinho, Mariane Silva, and Angelo Fraga Bernardino. "Spatial and seasonal changes in benthic macrofauna from two dissipative sandy beaches in eastern Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 65, no. 4 (2017): 666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592017115806504.
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Abstract Sandy beaches are dynamic ecosystems with strong interaction of sediments, waves and tidal energy, with marked effects on benthic assemblages. Although there are numerous efforts in understanding spatial-temporal variation of benthic macrofauna on sandy beaches along the southern and southeastern Marine Ecoregions in Brazil, there is poor sampling along beaches of the Eastern Marine Ecoregion (EME). Here we examined spatial and temporal scales of variability in benthic macrofauna (> 500 µm) through a hierarchical sampling of two dissipative sandy beaches within the EME between two seasons (winter 2011 and summer 2012). We tested the hypothesis that spatial changes (i.e., meters to hundreds of meters scales) in the structure of benthic assemblages will be more pronounced compared to the weak seasonal fluctuations at this tropical region. We found weak temporal and spatial changes in sediment grain size and beach slope, but differences in macrofaunal assemblages were evident. Contrary to our hypothesis, hierarchical sampling indicated significant changes in macrofaunal composition and density at multiple local scales (meters to hundreds of meters) and on seasonal scales. The macrofauna density and composition was directly related to changes on the sediment organic matter and grain size.
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COULIS, Mathieu. "Effets de la macrofaune du sol et de la sécheresse sur la décomposition des feuilles mortes d’arbustes méditerranéens." Revue Forestière Française, no. 4 (2014): Fr.], ISSN 0035. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/56572.
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Aubert, Michaël, Mickaël Hedde, Thibaud Decaëns, Pierre Margerie, Didier Alard, and Fabrice Bureau. "Facteurs contrôlant la variabilité spatiale de la macrofaune du sol dans une hêtraie pure et une hêtraie–charmaie." Comptes Rendus Biologies 328, no. 1 (2005): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2004.10.008.
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Kelaher, B. P., M. G. Chapman, and A. J. Underwood. "Spatial patterns of diverse macrofaunal assemblages in coralline turf and their associations with environmental variables." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 6 (2001): 917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004842.
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Mats of articulated coralline algal turf are common on many rocky intertidal shores. The dense fronds provide a habitat for extremely diverse and abundant macrofaunal assemblages. Despite a large contribution to faunal biodiversity of rocky shores, little has been published about these assemblages. This study describes patterns of distribution and abundance of macrofauna in coralline turf on rocky shores around Sydney. In addition, the potential of environmental variables (sediment, epiphytes, length and density of coralline fronds) for determining these patterns was also investigated. Relatively consistent differences were found between macrofauna in low- and mid-shore areas at all times of sampling and on all shores. Although there was some variation among shores, there was generally significant variation in macrofauna between sites separated by tens of metres. Generally, a relatively small number of taxa were responsible for the great majority of dissimilarity between assemblages. Apart for the small bivalve Lasaea australis, however, these taxa varied between heights on the shore, among times of sampling and among shores. These data illustrate the important contribution that coralline turf has for biodiversity of faunal assemblages on rocky shores around Sydney. They also provide a basis for investigating biological processes and physical factors responsible for structuring patterns of biodiversity of macrofaunal assemblage in coralline turf.
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Costa, Leonardo Lopes, Phillipe Mota Machado, and Ilana Rosental Zalmon. "Do natural disturbances have significant effects on sandy beach macrofauna of Southeastern Brazil?" Zoologia 36 (July 31, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e29814.
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The role of morphodynamic features such as grain size, swash climate and wave action on the macrofauna of beaches are well-known. However, few studies have investigated natural disturbances as potential drivers of temporal community variations. In southeastern Brazil, we sampled the intertidal macrofauna of two sandy beaches to test whether seasonal disturbances as the frequency of storm wave events (SWE) and rainfall have significant influence on their composition and abundance. The macrofauna assemblage differed significantly between the rainy and the dry seasons, but rainfall was not the main driver of community changes, although both beaches are in the vicinity of extensive river plumes. Actually, SWE explained most macrofauna richness overtime, with positive effects. Our results point to the importance of learning more about the effects of poorly studied disturbances on macrofaunal communities, and based on them we strongly recommend including these seasonal phenomena when monitoring sandy beaches.
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Ferreira, Giulianne Sampaio, Danilo Augusto Almeida dos Santos, and Edson Varga Lopes. "Richness, abundance and microhabitat use by Ardeidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) during one seasonal cycle in the floodplain lakesof the lower Amazon River." Zoologia 36 (July 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30475.
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The role of morphodynamic features such as grain size, swash climate and wave action on the macrofauna of beaches are well-known. However, few studies have investigated natural disturbances as potential drivers of temporal community variations. In southeastern Brazil, we sampled the intertidal macrofauna of two sandy beaches to test whether seasonal disturbances as the frequency of storm wave events (SWE) and rainfall have significant influence on their composition and abundance. The macrofauna assemblage differed significantly between the rainy and the dry seasons, but rainfall was not the main driver of community changes, although both beaches are in the vicinity of extensive river plumes. Actually, SWE explained most macrofauna richness overtime, with positive effects. Our results point to the importance of learning more about the effects of poorly studied disturbances on macrofaunal communities, and based on them we strongly recommend including these seasonal phenomena when monitoring sandy beaches.
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Dutertre, Mickaël, Dominique Hamon, Claire Chevalier, and Axel Ehrhold. "The use of the relationships between environmental factors and benthic macrofaunal distribution in the establishment of a baseline for coastal management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 2 (2012): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss170.
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Abstract Dutertre, M., Hamon D., Chevalier C., and Ehrhold, A. 2013. The use of the relationships between environmental factors and benthic macrofaunal distribution in the establishment of a baseline for coastal management – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 294–308. Relationships between benthic macrofauna and natural abiotic factors were studied along the coastal fringe of South Brittany, situated north of the Gulf of Biscay on the French Atlantic continental shelf. Within the framework of the REBENT network, sediment characteristics, depth, and macrofaunal abundance were determined for 95 stations spread over five subtidal sectors, using a combination of seabed acoustic remote sensing systems and grab sampling. The physico-chemical properties of the water column and the hydrodynamic conditions were generated by validated three-dimensional environmental models which take into account variations over shorter temporal scales. Multivariate analyses ranked 16 natural abiotic variables according to the significance of their influence on the macrofauna. Together these variables explained 51% of spatial variation in the macrofauna, with morpho-sedimentological and hydrological factors contributing 22% and 26%, respectively. The outputs from validated three-dimensional environmental models appear to be useful interpretational tools for benthic ecology studies, especially in estuarine and coastal ecosystems with high environmental variability due to regular freshwater inputs. Ten major species assemblages were identified using biological and physical characteristics. The results provide important baseline knowledge for future ecosystem and resource management.
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Fiskal, Annika, Aixala Gaillard, Sebastien Giroud, et al. "Effects of Macrofaunal Recolonization on Biogeochemical Processes and Microbiota—A Mesocosm Study." Water 13, no. 11 (2021): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111599.
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Macroinvertebrates are widespread in lake sediments and alter sedimentary properties through their activity (bioturbation). Understanding the interactions between bioturbation and sediment properties is important given that lakes are important sinks and sources of carbon and nutrients. We studied the biogeochemical impact of macrofauna on surface sediments in 3-month-long mesocosm experiments conducted using sediment cores from a hypoxic, macrofauna-free lake basin. Experimental units consisted of hypoxic controls, oxic treatments, and oxic treatments that were experimentally colonized with chironomid larvae or tubificid worms. Overall, the presence of O2 in bottom water had the strongest geochemical effect and led to oxidation of sediments down to 2 cm depth. Relative to macrofauna-free oxic treatments, chironomid larvae increased sediment pore water concentrations of nitrate and sulfate and lowered porewater concentrations of reduced metals (Fe2+, Mn2+), presumably by burrow ventilation, whereas tubificid worms increased the redox potential, possibly through sediment reworking. Microbial communities were very similar across oxic treatments; however, the fractions of α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria and Sphingobacteriia increased, whereas those of Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Omnitrophica decreased compared to hypoxic controls. Sediment microbial communities were, moreover, distinct from those of macrofaunal tubes or feces. We suggest that, under the conditions studied, bottom water oxygenation has a stronger biogeochemical impact on lacustrine surface sediments than macrofaunal bioturbation.
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Riera, Rodrigo, Fernando Tuya, Óscar Pérez, Eva Ramos, Myriam Rodríguez, and Óscar Monterroso. "Effects of proximity to offshore fish farms over soft-bottom macrofauna." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 2 (2014): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414001386.
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Sea-cage fish farms impact the seabed within their immediate vicinity, potentially affecting recipient communities. We assessed whether proximity to three sea-cage fish farms at the Canary Islands altered patterns in the abundance, assemblage structure and richness of soft-bottom macrofauna. We related among-farm variability in dissimilarities in macrofaunal assemblage structure between seabeds beneath cages and controls to differences in hydrodynamics, production and seabed topography. Contrasting patterns of species abundances with varying proximity to fish farms were observed: some species decreased while other species increased their abundances with increasing distance at some farms. Although faunal assemblages at 0 m (i.e. beneath the cages) were different, in terms of assemblage structure, from those found at controls, pairwise differences in assemblage structure among distances away varied among the studied fish farms. Species richness showed inconsistent patterns with proximity to cages among fish farms. In summary, inconsistent patterns of macrofaunal assemblages with varying proximity to aquaculture facilities preclude confident predictions on the way offshore aquaculture alters macrofauna in the study region.
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Bhadja, Poonam, Paresh Poriya, and Rahul Kundu. "Community Structure and Distribution Pattern of Intertidal Invertebrate Macrofauna at Some Anthropogenically Influenced Coasts of Kathiawar Peninsula (India)." Advances in Ecology 2014 (August 6, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/547395.
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Present communication reports the community structure and distribution pattern of intertidal invertebrate macrofauna at four shores of the Kathiawar peninsular coastline off the Arabian Sea (India). The selected shores have different levels of human activities. Present report tests three hypotheses; that is, (i) distribution of invertebrate macrofauna in these shores is influenced by space and time, (ii) abiotic factors have a profound influence on the distribution pattern of intertidal macrofaunal assemblages, and (iii) human activities influence the community structure of the intertidal invertebrate macrofauna at these shores. To test these hypotheses, spatiotemporal variations in different ecological indices were studied. A total of 60 species from six phyla were considered for the study. High species diversity was recorded during winter and monsoon seasons in almost all the shores studied. It was also evident that a few environmental factors had a cumulative influence on the distribution pattern of intertidal macrofauna. Significant spatial variations in the species diversity and evenness were also observed. Though the shores studied have similar coast characteristics and climatic conditions, they face different levels of human activities. Therefore, the observed variations in the intertidal faunal assemblage were possibly caused by anthropogenic stress.
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Tulande-M, Esteban, Jose Ignacio Barrera-Cataño, Carlos Eduardo Alonso-Malaver, and Sofia Basto. "Soil macrofauna in areas with different ages after Pinus patula clearcutting." Universitas Scientiarum 23, no. 3 (2018): 383–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc23-3.smia.
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In Andean high montane areas, the establishment of exotic tree forests changes the soil dynamics and its biodiversity. Soil macrofauna act as indicators of ecosystem successional processes, and may have an important role in ecological restoration processes after clear cutting exotic tree plantations. The aim of the present study was to understand how soil macrofaunal assemblies change in areas with different ages post clear cutting of Pinus patula, and to identify the soil physico-chemical variables that better explain these variations. The macrofauna in a high montane forest was evaluated along with that of three areas with different ages post clearcutting: 0, 2.5, and 5 years after clearcutting (Yac). The effect of soil physico chemical variables on macrofauna abundance was also evaluated. Macrofauna composition changed after clearcutting. Macrofauna abundance, richness, and diversity were lower in the 0 Yac area than in the other areas. Moreover, the macrofuna similarity to the reference forest did not increase with the years after clearcutting. This is due to the changes in soil characteristics, triggered by clearcutting. Slope, temperature, bulk density, real density, loam, pH, P, Na and K were the soil variales with a positive effect on the macrofauna abundance. These physico-chemical variables should be considered when designing restoration plans for Andean forest ecosystems. Moreover, Diplopoda, Coleoptera and Chilopoda might be useful to monitor and evaluate restoration processes after Pinus spp. clearcutting, because of their high abundance, diversity and relationship with environmental conditions.
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Andrade, Jennifer T. M., Natália Barros Palhano, Claudia Helena Tagliaro, and Colin Robert Beasley. "Spatial and temporal variation in the abundance and taxonomic composition of estuarine and terrestrial macrofauna associated with mangrove logs." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 1 (2013): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413001215.
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Brazilian mangroves have ecological and economic importance, with molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes being diverse and common faunal groups. The present study characterizes the macrofauna associated with logs from two mangrove forests in Pará State, northern Brazil, sampled in September, January and April, between 2008 and 2010, at three different distances from a tidal channel (2, 10, 20 m). In each forest, five logs (diameter/length: 10/40 cm) were randomly selected at each distance, totalling 15 logs per sampling date. The macrofauna was removed, counted and identified. Three-way analysis of variance was used to compare mean numbers of individuals, numbers of taxa and Berger–Parker dominance per log, between forests and among sampling dates and distances from the tidal channel. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analyses of variance were used to investigate macrofaunal structure in relation to the three factors. A total of 5437 individuals from both estuarine and terrestrial faunas was found in both forests, with 85 taxa distributed among Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda and Nemertea. Abundance increased from September through January to April in both mangrove forests. The most dominant species was Neoteredo reynei, representing 48% of total abundance. No significant difference in any variable was found among the two forests and between the three distances. Logs may represent a stable microhabitat for the macrofauna, with little variation in humidity, salinity or temperature, despite different distances from the tidal channel. However, macrofaunal structure varied significantly between forests and among sampling dates, probably due to seasonal differences in precipitation and salinity between both locations.
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Hunter, W. R., L. A. Levin, H. Kitazato, and U. Witte. "Macrobenthic assemblage structure and organismal stoichiometry control faunal processing of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in oxygen minimum zone sediments." Biogeosciences 9, no. 3 (2012): 993–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-993-2012.
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Abstract. The Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) impinges on the western Indian continental margin between 150 and 1500 m, causing gradients in oxygen availability and sediment geochemistry at the sea floor. Oxygen availability and sediment geochemistry are important factors structuring macrofaunal assemblages in marine sediments. However, relationships between macrofaunal assemblage structure and sea-floor carbon and nitrogen cycling are poorly understood. We conducted in situ 13C:15N tracer experiments in the OMZ core (540 m [O2] = 0.35 μmol l–1) and lower OMZ boundary (800–1100 m, [O2] = 2.2–15.0 μmol l–1) to investigate how macrofaunal assemblage structure, affected by different oxygen levels, and C:N coupling influence the fate of particulate organic matter. No macrofauna were present in the OMZ core. Within the OMZ boundary, relatively high abundance and biomass resulted in the highest macrofaunal assimilation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) at the lower oxygen 800 m stations ([O2] = 2.2–2.36 μmol l–1). At these stations the numerically dominant cirratulid polychaetes exhibited greatest POC and PON uptake. By contrast, at the higher oxygen 1100 m station ([O2] = 15.0 μmol l–1) macrofaunal C and N assimilation was lower, with POC assimilation dominated by one large solitary ascidian. Macrofaunal POC and PON assimilation were influenced by changes in oxygen availability, and significantly correlated to differences in macrofaunal assemblage structure between stations. However, macrofaunal feeding responses were ultimately characterised by preferential organic nitrogen assimilation, relative to their internal C:N budgets.
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Whomersley, P., M. Huxham, M. Schratzberger, and S. Bolam. "Differential response of meio- and macrofauna to in situ burial." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 6 (2009): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409000344.
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Benthic nematode and macrofaunal communities are regularly utilized in impact studies. However, very few studies are carried out utilizing both communities. A literature search using the search engine Scopus (www.Scopus.com) covering the last twenty years, using the keywords ‘Macrofauna’ and ‘Disturbance’ then ‘Meiofauna’ and ‘Disturbance’ and finally ‘Macrofauna and Meiofauna’ and ‘Disturbance’, gave 210, 115 and 36 hits respectively. To assess the differential response of meio- and macrofauna to in situ burial a replicated random block designed field experiment was carried out over a 9-month period on an intertidal mud flat. In situ burial was achieved by spreading 4 cm of anoxic mud on top of each treatment plot at two different intensities. Differences in the response of the two faunal communities over time were assessed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Clear differences in community behaviour over time and in response to the different intensities of disturbance were observed. Overall macrofauna were found to be more sensitive to physical disturbance than meiofaunal nematodes, although, attributes of meiofaunal nematode communities were more sensitive to the initial impacts of disturbance. The observed community-specific responses and sensitivities of meiofauna and macrofauna to the physical disturbance associated with in situ burial highlights the importance of using both faunal types in the assessment of the effects of seabed disturbance in the marine environment.
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Woulds, Clare, James B. Bell, Adrian G. Glover, Steven Bouillon, and Louise S. Brown. "Carbon processing by the benthic ecosystem and benthic C fixation in methane-rich sediments on the South Georgia margin." Antarctic Science 31, no. 2 (2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102018000548.
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AbstractAs bottom water warms, destabilisation of gas hydrates may increase the extent of methane-rich sediments. The authors present an assessment of organic carbon processing by the benthic community in methane-rich sediments, including one of the first investigations of inorganic C fixation in a non-hydrothermal vent setting. This topic was previously poorly studied, and there is much need to fill the gaps in knowledge of such ecosystems. The authors hypothesized that benthic C fixation would occur, and that a high biomass macrofaunal community would play a substantial role in organic C cycling. Experiments were conducted at a 257 m deep site off South Georgia. Sediment cores were amended with13C and15N labelled algal detritus, or13C labelled bicarbonate solution. In the bicarbonate experiment, labelling of bacteria-specific phospholipid fatty acids provided direct evidence of benthic C fixation, with transfer of fixed C to macrofauna and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In the algae experiment, macrofauna played an active role in organic carbon cycling. Compared to similar experiments, low temperature supressed the rates of community respiration and macrofaunal C uptake. While benthic C fixation occurred, the biological processing of organic carbon was dominantly controlled by low temperature and high photic zone productivity.
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Sivadas, S. K., B. S. Ingole, and C. E. G. Fernandes. "Environmental Gradient Favours Functionally Diverse Macrobenthic Community in a Placer Rich Tropical Bay." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/750580.
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The present paper examines the functional diversity-environment relation in a placer rich tropical bay. Understanding the environmental variables that determine the biodiversity pattern will help in the effective conservation plans of coastal habitat. However, few studies have been carried out on the biodiversity-environment relation from the diverse tropical coastal ecosystem. The geographic location of Kalbadevi Bay along the west coast of India provides an opportunity to study the functional diversity pattern of macrofauna along an environmental gradient. Additionally, the area is also a potential placer mining site. Seasonal sampling was carried out for macrofauna and environmental variables. Macrofaunal functional diversity showed significant temporal variation related to the environmental parameters. The most important environmental variables were organic matter and sediment texture. Filter feeders dominated during postmonsoon which is a period when the water column is enriched with sinking detritus. The deposit feeders which rapidly ingest the settled detritus and also transport it to deeper sediment for the subsurface deposit feeders dominated during premonsoon. Abundance of carnivores was high during premonsoon, a response to increase in food in terms of deposit feeders. The result thus indicates that the temporal environmental variation influenced the macrofaunal functional diversity pattern in the Kalbadevi Bay.
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Gourdine, Jean-Luc, Jean-Christophe Bambou, Mario Giorgi, Gladys Loranger-Merciris, and Harry Archimède. "Performance of growing pigs reared indoors or outdoors in sweet-potato fields." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 71, no. 1-2 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31347.
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L’étude a été menée afin d’évaluer l’effet du type génétique (Large White [LW] vs Créole [CR]) et la conduite alimentaire (en bâtiment avec du concentré [BC], en plein air sur parcelles de patates douces [PPD], en bâtiment avec une ration identique au plein air [BPD]) sur 54 porcs en croissance. Les animaux PPD ont eu une vitesse de croissance de 240 grammes par jour, comparée à 360 et 580 g/j respectivement pour les porcs BPD et BC (p < 0,001). En plein air, les LW ont eu une activité physique plus importante que les CR (respectivement 15 % du temps aux activités exploratrices vs 10 %, p < 0,01). Les distances parcourues pendant 24 heures ont été de 90 mètres chez les CR et de 150 mètres chez les LW (p < 0,01). Les profils sanguins ont suggéré une réponse adaptative hématologique plus rapide des CR au changement de système (du bâtiment au plein air). L’étude de la macrofaune du sol après passage des animaux a montré une augmentation des macro-invertébrés décomposeurs (notamment Oligochaeta, Dermaptera) sur les parcelles pâturées. Cette étude suggère que les élevages alternatifs, quoique moins performants, pourraient convenir aux paysans recherchant un gain économique sur une production animale, en utilisant les résidus agricoles ou en minimisant l’intervention humaine.
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Clough, Lisa M., Paul E. Renaud, and William G. Ambrose Jr. "Impacts of water depth, sediment pigment concentration, and benthic macrofaunal biomass on sediment oxygen demand in the western Arctic Ocean." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 8 (2005): 1756–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-102.
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We investigated the impacts of water depth, sediment pigment concentration, and benthic macrofaunal biomass on sediment oxygen demand (SOD) during three cruises to the western Arctic Ocean. SOD values were similar to those of most studies from the Arctic and ranged from a high of 20.68 mmol O2·m2·day1 at a shallow shelf station to a low of 0.29 mmol O2·m2·day1 at the deepest basin station (3648 m). SOD was significantly greater at shallow sites (<500 m; mean = 7.39 mmol O2·m2·day1; standard deviation (SD) = ±5.38) than at deep sites (>500 m; mean = 1.39 mmol O2·m2·day1; SD = ±0.96). As hypothesized, SOD was negatively correlated with water depth and positively correlated with both surface-sediment pigment concentration and macrofaunal biomass, with macrofaunal biomass explaining approximately 74% of the variability in SOD. We propose that higher macrofauna-normalized respiration rates (i.e., SOD divided by macrofaunal biomass) in deep water indicate that microbialmeiofaunal respiration predominates in deep versus shallow water. Finally, deeper stations associated with Barrow Canyon had SODs, benthic macrofaunal biomass, and surface-sediment pigment concentrations that were similar to those of shallower shelf locations, suggesting down-canyon transport of organic material.
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Hunter, W. R., L. A. Levin, H. Kitazato, and U. Witte. "Macrobenthic assemblage structure and organismal stoichiometry control faunal processing of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in oxygen minimum zone sediments." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (2011): 10725–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-10725-2011.
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Abstract. The Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) impinges on the western Indian continental margin between 150 and 1500 m, causing gradients in oxygen availability and sediment geochemistry at the sea floor. Oxygen availability and sediment geochemistry are important factors structuring macrofaunal assemblages in marine sediments. However, relationships between macrofaunal assemblage structure and sea-floor carbon and nitrogen cycling are poorly understood. We conducted in situ 13C:15N tracer experiments in the OMZ core (540 m [O2] = 0.35 μmol l−1) and lower OMZ boundary (800–1100 m, [O2] = 2.2–15.0 μmol l−1) to investigate how macrofaunal assemblage structure, affected by different oxygen levels, and C:N coupling influence the fate of particulate organic matter. No fauna were present in the OMZ core. Within the OMZ boundary, relatively high abundance and biomass resulted in the highest macrofaunal assimilation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) at the lower oxygen 800 m stations ([O2] = 2.2–2.65 μmol l−1). At these stations the numerically dominant cirratulid polychaetes exhibited greatest POC and PON uptake. By contrast, at the higher oxygen 1100 m station ([O2] = 15.0 μmol l−1) macrofaunal C and N assimilation was lower, with POC assimilation dominated by one large solitary ascidian. Macrofaunal POC and PON assimilation were influenced by changes in oxygen availability, and significantly correlated to differences in macrofaunal assemblage structure between stations. POC and PON assimilation was characterised by carbon accumulation within the macrofauna, suggesting the importance of anaerobic metabolism at all stations. However, macrofaunal feeding responses were ultimately characterised by preferential organic nitrogen assimilation, relative to their internal C:N budgets.
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Stelzer, Patricia Sarcinelli, Ana Carolina A. Mazzuco, Luiz Eduardo Gomes, João Martins, Sergio Netto, and Angelo F. Bernardino. "Taxonomic and functional diversity of benthic macrofauna associated with rhodolith beds in SE Brazil." PeerJ 9 (July 29, 2021): e11903. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11903.
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Rhodoliths are free-living and morphologically diverse marine calcareous algae commonly distributed over the continental shelf seafloor. They increase the seabed structural complexity and are of potential value as feeding and reproductive grounds for a myriad of marine fauna. The higher structural seabed complexity within rhodolith beds may also increase benthic diversity by creating microhabitats, but this relationship has been rarely explored within rhodolith beds worldwide. Here we compared benthic macrofaunal (>500 µm) structure on rhodolith beds (nodule epifauna) and within unconsolidated sediments (sediment infauna) under high and low-density beds to test whether rhodolith bed density and nodule morphology influenced macrofaunal assemblages. We observed that macrofaunal density on nodules (2538 ± 288.7 ind·m−2) was 15-fold higher when compared to sediments under those beds (166 ± 38.8 ind·m−2). Rhodolith bed density was positively related to macrofaunal density, composition, and functional diversity on the rhodoliths. Low-density beds (61 ± 27.1 nodules·m−2) with discoid-shape nodules were dominated by peracarid crustaceans whereas high-density beds (204 ± 18.7 nodules·m−2) with spheroidal nodules were dominated by Annelid polychaetes. The sediment macrofauna was also positively influenced by the density of rhodolith nodules, which increased sediment carbonate and organic quality (protein and lipids) under high-density beds. Macrofaunal functional diversity was generally higher on rhodoliths, with low similarity (low nestedness) and high taxa turnover between macrofaunal assemblages of rhodoliths and sediments. These findings indicate that rhodolith beds provide an unique habitat for benthic macrofaunal communities, with exclusive functional and taxonomic richness that are likely not typical in the unconsolidated sediment below these beds in SE Brazil. This study highlights the importance of protecting rhodolith beds from multiple sources of anthropogenic disturbance and exploration on continental shelves.
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Freitas, RF, and PR Pagliosa. "Mangrove benthic macrofauna: drivers of community structure and functional traits at multiple spatial scales." Marine Ecology Progress Series 638 (March 19, 2020): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13260.
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Environmental processes acting at multiple spatial scales influence the structure and function of macrofaunal communities in marine habitats. However, the relative contributions of small- and large-scale factors in shaping faunal communities are still poorly understood. We investigated the relative contributions of climate, geophysical and soil properties, and forest structure on structural and functional characteristics of Brazilian coastal mangrove macrofauna. We found that macrofaunal community structure is mainly driven by large-scale factors, such as minimum air temperature and runoff, which significantly differed among the coastal settings investigated. Conversely, annelid assemblage functional traits were correlated with small-scale factors such as aboveground biomass, subsurface root biomass, soil bulk density, and soil phosphorus. Annelids with diversified and more complex functional traits (e.g. with respect to appendages, segments, parapodia) preferentially inhabited sites with low subsurface root biomass, while annelids with a slender body plan were more common at sites with dense root mats. Thus, while climate and geophysical conditions drive benthic macrofaunal community structure at larger spatial scales (i.e. coastal setting) in this system, vegetation and soil factors at smaller spatial scales (i.e. site) were more related to annelid functional characteristics.
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Beauger, Aude. "Impact de la capture d’un chenal fluviatile par une ancienne gravière sur la distribution des macroinvertébrés benthiques." Revue des sciences de l'eau 21, no. 1 (2008): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017933ar.
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Résumé L’objectif de cette étude concerne l’influence d’une ancienne gravière de l’Allier, qui a capturé ce cours d’eau en 1989, sur la distribution longitudinale de la macrofaune benthique. Trois seuils successifs, situés l’un en amont et les deux autres en aval de la gravière, ont été étudiés sur 900 m. Des données sur la granulométrie du substrat, sur les faciès et les variables hydrauliques, ainsi que sur les macroinvertébrés benthiques ont été recueillies à deux saisons successives. La granulométrie des seuils est marquée par une diminution significative de la taille médiane des particules, qui passe de 28 mm en amont à 20 mm en aval, cette ancienne gravière agissant comme un piège sur la charge de fond. Du point de vue faunistique, la diminution amont – aval de la richesse et de la densité en macroinvertébrés (particulièrement sensible pour l’ensemble Ephémèroptères, Plécoptères, Trichoptères), est moins marquée au niveau du troisième seuil. Les différences taxonomiques observées au printemps entre l’amont et l’aval de la zone de capture, s’estompent en été. Aux deux saisons, du seuil 1 au seuil 2, il y a passage d’un état mésotrophe ‑ ß‑mésosaprobe à un état oligotrophe – oligosaprobe, le troisième seuil étant intermédiaire. Les macroinvertébrés collectés en amont sont majoritairement des mangeurs de sédiments fins, des filtreurs et prédateurs, ceux de l’aval étant surtout des racleurs, brouteurs et broyeurs. La rupture du continuum de la rivière s’est atténuée en aval éloigné, révélant le caractère résilient de ces organismes.
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Ouedraogo, J., HB Nacro, E. Ouedraogo, S. Youl, and MP Sedogo. "Amélioration de la disponibilité du phosphore par la gestion de la macrofaune du sol : cas d’un lixisol en zone semi-aride du Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 8, no. 4 (2015): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i4.41.
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Hunter, W. R., A. Jamieson, V. A. I. Huvenne, and U. Witte. "Sediment community responses to marine vs. terrigenous organic matter in a submarine canyon." Biogeosciences 10, no. 1 (2013): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-67-2013.
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Abstract. The Whittard Canyon is a branching submarine canyon on the Celtic continental margin, which may act as a conduit for sediment and organic matter (OM) transport from the European continental slope to the abyssal sea floor. In situ stable-isotope labelling experiments were conducted in the eastern and western branches of the Whittard Canyon, testing short-term (3–7 days) responses of sediment communities to deposition of nitrogen-rich marine (Thalassiosira weissflogii) and nitrogen-poor terrigenous (Triticum aestivum) phytodetritus. 13C and 15N labels were traced into faunal biomass and bulk sediments, and the 13C label traced into bacterial polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Isotopic labels penetrated to 5 cm sediment depth, with no differences between stations or experimental treatments (substrate or time). Macrofaunal assemblage structure differed between the eastern and western canyon branches. Following deposition of marine phytodetritus, no changes in macrofaunal feeding activity were observed between the eastern and western branches, with little change between 3 and 7 days. Macrofaunal C and N uptake was substantially lower following deposition of terrigenous phytodetritus with feeding activity governed by a strong N demand. Bacterial C uptake was greatest in the western branch of the Whittard Canyon, but feeding activity decreased between 3 and 7 days. Bacterial processing of marine and terrigenous OM were similar to the macrofauna in surficial (0–1 cm) sediments. However, in deeper sediments bacteria utilised greater proportions of terrigenous OM. Bacterial biomass decreased following phytodetritus deposition and was negatively correlated to macrofaunal feeding activity. Consequently, this study suggests that macrofaunal–bacterial interactions influence benthic C cycling in the Whittard Canyon, resulting in differential fates for marine and terrigenous OM.
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Hunter, W. R., A. Jamieson, V. A. I. Huvenne, and U. Witte. "Food quality determines sediment community responses to marine vs. terrigenous organic matter in a submarine canyon." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (2012): 11331–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-11331-2012.
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Abstract. The Whittard canyon is a branching submarine canyon on the Celtic continental margin, which may act as a conduit for sediment and organic matter (OM) transport from the European continental slope to the abyssal sea floor. In situ stable-isotope labelling experiments were conducted in the eastern and western branches of the Whittard canyon testing short term (3–7 day) responses of sediment communities to deposition of nitrogen-rich marine (Thallassiosira weissflogii) and nitrogen-poor terrigenous (Triticum aestivum) phytodetritus. 13C and 15N labels were traced into faunal biomass and bulk sediments, and the 13C label traced into bacterial polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Isotopic labels penetrated to 5 cm sediment depth, with no differences between stations or experimental treatments (substrate or time). Macrofaunal assemblage structure differed between the eastern and western canyon branches. Following deposition of marine phytodetritus, no changes in macrofaunal feeding activity were observed between the eastern and western branches, with little change between 3 and 7 days. Macrofaunal C and N uptake was substantially lower following deposition of terrigenous phytodetritus with feeding activity governed by a strong N demand. Bacterial C uptake was greatest, in the western branch of the Whittard canyon, but feeding activity decreased between 3 and 7 days. Bacterial processing of marine and terrigenous OM were similar to the macrofauna in surficial (0–1 cm) sediments. However, in deeper sediments bacteria utilised greater proportions of terrigenous OM. Bacterial biomass decreased following phytodetritus deposition and was negatively correlated to macrofaunal feeding activity. Consequently, this study suggests that macrofaunal-bacterial interactions influence benthic C cycling in the Whittard canyon, resulting in differential fates for marine and terrigenous OM.
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Díaz Asencio, Lisbet, Yusmila Helguera, Raúl Fernández-Garcés, et al. "Two-year temporal response of benthic macrofauna and sediments to hypoxia in a tropical semi-enclosed bay (Cienfuegos, Cuba)." Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 1 (2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.18519.
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Hypoxia is the depletion of dissolved oxygen below 2 mg O2/L. Relatively few studies on hypoxia and its effects on benthic macrofauna have been done in tropical marine ecosystems. This study describes the temporal response of the water column, sediments and macrofauna to seasonal hypoxia in a semi-enclosed bay (Cienfuegos, Caribbean Sea). The Calisito site was sampled monthly from June 2010 until February 2012, yielding 21 sampling times. At each sampling event water and sediment samples were collected for measuring the abiotic variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, redox potential discontinuity, silt/clay and organic matter content) and macrofauna (abundance and species richness). Temperature and surface salinity followed a typical temporal pattern during the summer/rainy and the winter/dry periods. Salinity stratification occurred in the rainy period, lasting three months in 2010 and six months in 2011. The bottom water dissolved oxygen indicated hypoxic and anoxic events during the wet periods of 2010 and 2011 associated with salinity stratification, low hydrodynamics and oxidation of the accumulated organic matter. Over the study period, 817 individuals were collected and identified. Polychaetes were the dominant group in terms of abundance (57 % of total) followed by mollusks (41%). Hypoxia (and occasionally anoxia) caused strong deleterious effects on the abundance and species richness of macrofaunal communities in the study site. The most abundant polychaetes were opportunistic species with high tolerance to hypoxic conditions: Prionospio steenstrupi, Polydora sp.and Paraprionospio pinnata. Most of them colonized relatively fast once hypoxia ended. Persistent species such as Caecum pulchellum and Parvanachis obesa were present during hypoxia with fluctuating densities and apparently recover to higher abundances when normoxic conditions are re-established. Macoma tenta and Tellina consobrina colonized approximately 1-2 months later than the first polychaete peak during normoxia. Probably, the deleterious effects of hypoxia on the macrofauna were intensified by negative interspecific relationships such as competition by suitable space and predation. The recolonization of macrofauna depended possibly on local transport by currents within the bay because the connection with the Caribbean Sea is relatively limited. In summary, seasonal hypoxia in Cienfuegos Bay influences the water and sediment geochemistry and reduces both the abundance and diversity of macrofauna.
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Montaudouin, X. de, and P. G. Sauriau. "The proliferating Gastropoda Crepidula fornicata may stimulate macrozoobenthic diversity." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 6 (1999): 1069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001319.
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Since the late 19th century, the accidentally introduced Gastropoda Crepidula fornicata has been invading sheltered coastal waters of western Europe. The consequences of this proliferation on macrozoobenthic communities were studied in the Bay of Marennes-Oléron, France. Crepidula fornicata was found in a wide range of sediment grain sizes and depths, with however, a predilection for shallow muddy areas where abundance and biomass reached 4770 ind m−2 and 354 g DW m−2, respectively. Soft-sediment macrofaunal assemblages were compared in similar habitats, in the presence and absence of C. fornicata. In muddy and medium sand areas, abundance, biomass and species richness of macrofauna were generally greater in presence of C. fornicata, with Annelida dominating, although the differences were significant (P<0.05) only in one location out of five. The species composition was moderately different in the presence of C. fornicata. In coarse sand, the abundance of C. fornicata was low and did not affect abundance, biomass and species richness of the macrofauna. However, species composition differed where C. fornicata was absent, with a higher proportion of mobile Crustaceana. The effect of C. fornicata on benthic communities differs in relation to the habitat they colonize: in muddy sediments, the presence of C. fornicata apparently stimulates zoobenthic community diversity and abundance (mostly deposit-feeders), whereas in coarser sediments, macrofauna community is different (more suspension-feeders) from the community associated with C. fornicata.
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GUERRINI, Xavier, Vincent FREYCON, Alexandre De HALDAT du LYS, and Éric, André NICOLINI. "Dynamique contrastée de la compaction d’un ferralsol après une défriche mécanisée alternative en Guyane française." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 348 (July 6, 2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.348.a36751.
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Le changement d’usage des terres et l’impact de l’anthropisation sur les milieux forestiers tropicaux sont en progression constante sous les tropiques et en Guyane française. Ces changements sont souvent accompagnés de défriches mécanisées qui favorisent la compaction du sol. Notre objectif était de suivre l’évolution de la compaction du sol d’une parcelle de forêt naturelle exploitée (7 ha) soumise à une défriche mécanisée alternative (itinéraire « chop and mulch », couvert herbacé de Stylosanthes guianensis), puis replantée de quatre espèces forestières commerciales. Sur cet espace présentant finalement diverses couvertures de sol (sol nu, mulch, couvert herbacé), nous avons mesuré la densité apparente jusqu’à 30 cm de profondeur et effectué le test d’infiltration simplifié de Beerkan lors de trois campagnes : avant, juste après et neuf mois après la défriche. Avant la défriche, les sols avaient une très bonne capacité d’infiltration (111 cm/h), étaient peu denses à 0-5 cm de profondeur (0,88) et denses à 5-30 cm (1,19 à 1,40). Juste après la défriche, les sols avaient une capacité d’infiltration très réduite (2 cm/h) et leur couche de surface avait été fortement compactée (1,28) contrairement aux couches plus profondes (1,41 à 1,49). Neuf mois après la défriche, les sols avaient retrouvé une très bonne capacité d’infiltration (149 cm/h), particulièrement sous le couvert herbacé de S. guianensis, et leur couche de surface avait retrouvé une densité proche de l’état initial (1,01), contrairement aux couches plus profondes (1,46 à 1,58). De futures recherches sont nécessaires pour expliquer le retour rapide à l’état initial de la couche de surface et estimer la contribution relative de la macrofaune du sol, des racines et de la fissuration.
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Grzelak, Katarzyna, and Piotr Kuklinski. "Benthic assemblages associated with rocks in a brackish environment of the southern Baltic Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 1 (2010): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409991378.
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Sandy bottoms, with local patches of rocks, dominate the southern Baltic Sea coast. These rock patches create three-dimensional habitats with additional niches that can support diverse assemblages of organisms. In this study we investigated macrofaunal assemblages associated with the boulder field in the brackish Gulf of Gdansk. Of the 30 recorded taxa three animal species (Mytilus trossulus, Balanus improvisus and Electra crustulenta) together with five species of algae were directly attached to rocks. These engineering organisms provided habitats for a further 22 taxa. Among the fauna directly associated with rocks, barnacles (76%) were the most abundant while among indirectly associated biota, oligochaetes were the dominant group (45%). Rock size and algal biomass explained most variance in macrofaunal structure of the assemblages investigated. There were statistical differences in assemblage structure between two separate localities within the rocky patch, despite environmental homogeneity (salinity, water temperature and structure of sea bottom). These differences in assemblage structure were mostly due to differences in dominance of particular species rather than in species composition. Our results show that rocky patches in an otherwise soft sediment habitat provide additional living space for macrofauna leading to an increase in local biodiversity and organismal abundance.
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Cartes, J. E., T. Brey, J. C. Sorbe, and F. Maynou. "Comparing productionbiomass ratios of benthos and suprabenthos in macrofaunal marine crustaceans." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 10 (2002): 1616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-130.
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Using available data from the literature, we compared the productionbiomass ratios (P/B) between the suprabenthic (= hyperbenthic) and the benthic (infaunaepifauna) species within the group of the macrofaunal marine crustaceans. This data set consists of 91 P/B estimates (26 for suprabenthos and 65 for infaunaepifauna) for 49 different species. Suprabenthic crustacean P/B was significantly higher than P/B of benthic crustacean (post-hoc Scheffé test; one-way analysis of covariance, ANCOVA; p < 103) and also of other (noncrustacean) benthic invertebrate (p < 104). Predictive multilinear regression (MLR) analysis for macrofaunal marine crustaceans showed P/B to depend significantly on mean annual temperature (T) and mean individual weight (W) (R2 = 0.367). Adding the variable swimming capacity increased goodness-of-fit to R2 = 0.528. The higher P/B of suprabenthic (= swimming) macrofauna in comparison with that of the benthic compartment seems to be related to the most apparent feature of the suprabenthos, its swimming capacity. The high P/Bs reported for suprabenthic species indicate how a nontrivial part of benthic production can be ignored if suprabenthos is not well sampled, therefore biasing the models of energy flow generated for trophic webs.
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Sofo, Adriano, Alba Nicoletta Mininni, and Patrizia Ricciuti. "Soil Macrofauna: A key Factor for Increasing Soil Fertility and Promoting Sustainable Soil Use in Fruit Orchard Agrosystems." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (2020): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040456.
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Soils and crops in orchard agrosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental stresses. In many orchard soils, soil biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides are under threat from a range of natural and manmade drivers. In this scenario, sustainable soil use aimed at increasing soil organic matter (SOM) and SOM-related benefits, in terms of soil quality and fertility, plays a crucial role. The role of soil macrofaunal organisms as colonizers, comminutors and engineers within soils, together with their interactions with microorganisms, can contribute to the long-term sustainability of orchard soils. Indeed, the continuous physical and chemical action of soil fauna significantly affects SOM levels. This review paper is focused on the most advanced and updated research on this argument. The analysis of the literature highlighted that a significant part of soil quality and fertility in sustainably-managed fruit orchard agrosystems is due to the action of soil macrofauna, together with its interaction with decomposing microorganisms. From the general analysis of the data obtained, it emerged that the role of soil macrofauna in orchards agrosystems should be seriously taken into account in land management strategies, focusing not exclusively on fruit yield and quality, but also on soil fertility restoration.
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Wildish, D. J., A. J. Wilson, and B. Frost. "Benthic Macrofaunal Production of Browns Bank, Northwest Atlantic." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 4 (1989): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-075.
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Benthic macrofauna of the coarse sediments of Browns Bank, off southwest Nova Scotia, Canada were sampled with a modified 0.5-m2 Van Veen grab; 29 stations from 1983 to 1985. Production was estimated from alcohol-stored biomass by multiplying by the annual turnover ratio, P:B, of each species. The latter was determined from an empirically derived relationship using known or estimated lifespans. Benthic macrofaunal production averaged 64 g wet weight∙m−2∙yr−1 on Browns Bank, markedly lower than the 193 g wet weight∙m−2∙yr−1 in the mixed and finer sediments of the Bay of Fundy. Other community characteristics, such as the number of polychaete and amphipod species for the two areas were similar, which we attribute to the similar geological ages of the sediments. Prey consumed by juvenile age 0 haddock (Melannogrammus aeglefinus) consist mostly of deposit-feeding macroinfauna which produce ~1.8 × 104 t wet biomass per year, representing ~8% of the total production of Browns Bank. Two linked hypotheses are proposed to account for the suitability of Banks as juvenile gadid feeding grounds: rapid rates of suspension of macrofauna by strong tidal currents; and drifting animals are of a suitable size and kind for juvenile haddock feeding.
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Dyson, Kirstie E., Mark T. Bulling, Martin Solan, et al. "Influence of macrofaunal assemblages and environmental heterogeneity on microphytobenthic production in experimental systems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1625 (2007): 2547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0922.
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Despite the complexity of natural systems, heterogeneity caused by the fragmentation of habitats has seldom been considered when investigating ecosystem processes. Empirical approaches that have included the influence of heterogeneity tend to be biased towards terrestrial habitats; yet marine systems offer opportunities by virtue of their relative ease of manipulation, rapid response times and the well-understood effects of macrofauna on sediment processes. Here, the influence of heterogeneity on microphytobenthic production in synthetic estuarine assemblages is examined. Heterogeneity was created by enriching patches of sediment with detrital algae ( Enteromorpha intestinalis ) to provide a source of allochthonous organic matter. A gradient of species density for four numerically dominant intertidal macrofauna ( Hediste diversicolor , Hydrobia ulvae , Corophium volutator , Macoma balthica ) was constructed, and microphytobenthic biomass at the sediment surface was measured. Statistical analysis using generalized least squares regression indicated that heterogeneity within our system was a significant driving factor that interacted with macrofaunal density and species identity. Microphytobenthic biomass was highest in enriched patches, suggesting that nutrients were obtained locally from the sediment–water interface and not from the water column. Our findings demonstrate that organic enrichment can cause the development of heterogeneity which influences infaunal bioturbation and consequent nutrient generation, a driver of microphytobenthic production.
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Foulquier, Clémence, Julien Baills, Alison Arraud, et al. "Hydrodynamic Conditions Effects on Soft-Bottom Subtidal Nearshore Benthic Community Structure and Distribution." Journal of Marine Sciences 2020 (January 30, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4674580.
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This study assesses the impacts of wave action and freshwater outflow on soft-bottom benthic macrofauna spatial distribution and temporal stability along the highly exposed French Basque coast. Sediment characteristics and macrofauna abundance have been seasonally investigated during two years for nine stations located at the same (6 m) depth and spread over three subtidal sites showing distinct exposure levels. Wave climate has been determined through an operational numerical model. A total of 121 taxa were recorded, gathered in three main faunal assemblages, as revealed by classification and ordination methods. Non-parametric multivariate multiple regression (distance-based linear model) showed that the variations in macrofaunal distribution can be explained by hydrodynamic conditions. Wave exposure strongly linked to estuarine inputs were the most relevant abiotic factors influencing distributional patterns and functional structure as described by biological traits analysis. Despite the influence of these abiotic variables affecting sedimentary dynamics, seasonal stability was observed in macrobenthic assemblages composition suggesting an ability to recover from natural disturbances such as (e.g.) winter storms. In this way, these results provide baseline knowledge for future ecosystem and resource management in shallow subtidal areas strongly exposed to swell and freshwater outflow where soft-bottom macrozoobenthic communities are less frequently studied.
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Savadogo, Paul W., Yacouba Zi, Abdoul K. Sanou, Hassan B. Nacro, François Lompo, and Michel P. Sedogo. "Effets combinés du compost, du Paraquat et de la Lambdacyhalothrine sur la macrofaune du sol sous culture pluviale de sésame (Sesamum indicum L.) au Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 11, no. 6 (2018): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i6.9.
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Ouedraogo, J., E. Ouedraogo, and HB Nacro. "Effet de l’interaction entre des modes de gestion de fertilité et la macrofaune sur la productivité du niébé et du sorgho en zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 8, no. 1 (2014): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i1.10.
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Traore, Mamoudou, Awa Barro, Ali Garane, and Nacro Hassan Bismarck. "Etude de la dynamique de la macrofaune du sol sous culture de deux variétés de patate douce (Ipomea batatas) avec utilisation de différents modes de désherbage." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 9, no. 5 (2016): 2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v9i5.7.
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Mestdagh, Sebastiaan, Leila Bagaço, Ulrike Braeckman, et al. "Functional trait responses to sediment deposition reduce macrofauna-mediated ecosystem functioning in an estuarine mudflat." Biogeosciences 15, no. 9 (2018): 2587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2587-2018.
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Abstract. Human activities, among which dredging and land use change in river basins, are altering estuarine ecosystems. These activities may result in changes in sedimentary processes, affecting biodiversity of sediment macrofauna. As macrofauna controls sediment chemistry and fluxes of energy and matter between water column and sediment, changes in the structure of macrobenthic communities could affect the functioning of an entire ecosystem. We assessed the impact of sediment deposition on intertidal macrobenthic communities and on rates of an important ecosystem function, i.e. sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC). An experiment was performed with undisturbed sediment samples from the Scheldt river estuary (SW Netherlands). The samples were subjected to four sedimentation regimes: one control and three with a deposited sediment layer of 1, 2 or 5 cm. Oxygen consumption was measured during incubation at ambient temperature. Luminophores applied at the surface, and a seawater–bromide mixture, served as tracers for bioturbation and bio-irrigation, respectively. After incubation, the macrofauna was extracted, identified, and counted and then classified into functional groups based on motility and sediment reworking capacity. Total macrofaunal densities dropped already under the thinnest deposits. The most affected fauna were surficial and low-motility animals, occurring at high densities in the control. Their mortality resulted in a drop in SCOC, which decreased steadily with increasing deposit thickness, while bio-irrigation and bioturbation activity showed increases in the lower sediment deposition regimes but decreases in the more extreme treatments. The initial increased activity likely counteracted the effects of the drop in low-motility, surficial fauna densities, resulting in a steady rather than sudden fall in oxygen consumption. We conclude that the functional identity in terms of motility and sediment reworking can be crucial in our understanding of the regulation of ecosystem functioning and the impact of habitat alterations such as sediment deposition.
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Afghan, Afghan, Carlo Cerrano, Giorgia Luzi, et al. "Main Anthropogenic Impacts on Benthic Macrofauna of Sandy Beaches: A Review." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 6 (2020): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060405.
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Sandy beaches provide several ecosystem services such as coastal protection and resilience, water filtration and nutrient mineralization. Beaches also represent a hub for social, cultural and economic relationships as well as educational activities. Increasing urbanization, recreational activities and mechanical beach cleaning represent major anthropogenic disturbances on sandy beaches leading to loss of biodiversity as well as good and services. Information about the impacts of anthropogenic pressures on benthic macrofaunal communities could be useful to assess the environmental status of sandy beaches and to promote a sustainable use of beach ecosystem. Here, scientific articles about three major anthropogenic impacts on sandy beach macrofauna were reviewed to provide the state of knowledge about these impacts, to highlight gaps, to supply considerations about the methodologies and the used indicators and to give insights for future studies. The stressors considered in our review are: 1) trampling, 2) breakwater barriers, 3) mechanical beach cleaning. This review underlined that there are few studies regarding individual human disturbances on sandy beach macrofauna and specifically, there is a lack of sufficient indicator species for the assessment of such stressors. Similarly, the researches have covered specific regions, highlighting the need for such studies in other parts of the world. In particular, the impacts of breakwater barriers on surrounding communities has been found to be given less attention in the literature and there is enough that could be explored.
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Chícharo, L., A. Chícharo, M. Gaspar, F. Alves, and J. Regala. "Ecological characterization of dredged and non-dredged bivalve fishing areas off south Portugal." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 1 (2002): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005167.
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Macro and meiobenthic communities of two fishing areas (Vilamoura and Lagos) in the western part of south Portugal (Algarve coast) were analysed. Both locations had been under severe dredge-fishing impact until four years previously. Vilamoura has since continued to be dredged, while fishing activity in Lagos was stopped in 1995 as a response to overfishing. For each location, three replicate areas were analysed at depths of 7–9 m. In each of these areas, 18 quadrats for macrofauna and 12 cores for meiofauna were randomly sampled by SCUBA divers during September 1999. The Shannon–Weiner diversity index was higher for meiofauna in the fished area, whereas macrofauna diversity was higher in the recently non-fished area. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity between the two areas was 87·82%. Major differences were found between Ampeliscidea, Amphiura mediterranea, Spisula solida, Haustoriidae, Nemertinea and Diogenes pugilator populations at the two sites. There was higher abundance but lower biomass of potential macrofaunal scavengers in the fished area, and carnivore biomass was also higher in this area. Deposit-feeders dominated meiofauna abundance in both study areas. The community structure of the continuously fished area was dominated by small, opportunistic, short-lived species while the community structure of the recently non-fished area was dominated by more fragile and long-living sessile organisms.