Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Macronutrients'
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Otero, Pujol Lilliam Herminia [UNESP]. "Interferência de plantas daninhas na produtividade e nutrição do pimentão cultivar dahra." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144972.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar as principais plantas daninhas, determinar os períodos de interferência e os efeitos da comunidade infestante no acúmulo de macronutrientes na cultura do pimentão cultivar ‘Dahra’. Os estudos foram conduzidos no município de Jaboticabal, SP, em dois anos de cultivo (2014/2015 e 2015/2016). Os tratamentos consistiram de 11 períodos crescentes de controle e de convivência com as plantas daninhas a partir do transplantio: (0-14, 0-28, 0-42, 0-56, 0-70, 0-84, 0-98, 0-112, 0-126, 0-140 e 0-154). Nestes foram realizados os estudos fitossociológicos e avaliação da produtividade para determinar os períodos de interferência. Também foram implantados dois tratamentos nos quais se avaliou o acúmulo de massa seca e macronutrientes durante o ciclo da cultura com e sem convivência com as plantas daninhas. As principais plantas daninhas responsáveis pela interferência na cultura do pimentão foram Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Digitaria nuda Schumach e Nicandra physaloides L. Pers. por apresentar alta biomassa e densidade relativa. A interferência das plantas daninhas provocou perdas na produtividade de frutos de 85,22% (2014/2015) e 86,2% (2015/2016). Constatou-se que para os anos agrícolas 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, o período anterior à interferência (PAI) aconteceu aos 0 a 17 e 0 a 11 DAT, e o período total de prevenção à interferência (PTPI) aos 71 e 89 DAT, respectivamente. A presença das plantas daninhas causou redução no acúmulo de massa seca da ordem de 84,35% e 81,68% para 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, respectivamente. Foram observados reduções dos acúmulos de macronutrientes na ordem de 70,13±4,85% no cultivvo de 2014/2015 e 82,91±6,23% no de 2015/2016. A ordem de acúmulos de nutrientes pelas plantas de pimentão foi K> N> Ca> Mg> S> P para ambos os anos de cultivo. As espécies Eleusine indica, Nicandra physaloides e Digitaria nuda apresentaram maior potencial de interferência, reduzindo a produtividade, massa seca e acúmulo de nutrientes do pimentão cultivar Dahra em percentuais superiores a 50%.
The aim of this study was to identify the main weeds, determine the periods of interference and the effects of the weed community in the accumulation of macronutrients in sweet pepper cultivar 'Dahra'. The studies were carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, in two crop years (2014/2015 and 2015/2016). Treatments consisted of 11 increasing periods of control and interaction with the weeds from transplanting: (0-14, 0-28, 0-42, 0-56, 0-70, 0-84, 0-98, 0 -112, 0-126, 0-140 and 0- 154). These were carried out the phytosociological studies and evaluation of productivity to determine the periods of interference. They were also deployed two treatments that evaluated the dry mass and macronutrients during the crop cycle with and without interaction with the weeds. The main weeds responsible for interference in sweet pepper were Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Digitaria nuda Schumach and Nicandra physaloides L. Pers. due to high biomass and relative density. The weed interference caused losses in fruit yield of 85.22% (2014/2015) and 86.2% (2015/2016). It was found that for the agricultural years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, the period before interference (PAI) happened to 0-17 and 0-11 DAT, and the total period of interference prevention (TPIC) after 71 and 89 DAT, respectively. Weeds caused a reduction in dry mass of approximately 84.35% and 81.68% for 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. The accumulation of macronutrients reductions were observed in the order of 70.13 ± 4.85% in cultivvo 2014/2015 and 82.91 ± 6.23% in 2015/2016. The accumulation of nutrients of chili plants was K> N> Ca> Mg> S> P for both crop years. The species Eleusine indica, Nicandra physaloides and Digitaria nuda showed the greatest potential for interference, reducing productivity, dry matter accumulation and nutrients in sweet pepper cultivar Dahra with percentage higher than 50%.
PEC-PG: 14774-12-7
Paschoal, Thiago Stock. "Genótipos de cártamo: produtividade de grãos, teor de óleo e acúmulo de nutrientes no oeste do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/813.
Full textThe increase of energy consumption in Brazil and worldwide generates a need to search alternative renewable and non-polluting energy such as biofuels. The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a plant with large oil production capacity, with the potential for biodiesel production. It has high productivity and easy climate adaptation. It can be an economical option in crop rotation cultivation practiced by farmers. The objective of this study was to evaluate eighteen genotypes of safflower and its nutrients absorption in an experiment carried out in the western region of State of Parana. The experimental area is located at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná, in Santa Tereza do Oeste - PR. There were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications. There were evaluated the cycle, plant height, dry matter yield of straw, grain yield, accumulation of nutrients in the area and the grain and oil content in grain and oil yield. The data will be submitted to analysis of variance and the averages compared by Scott-Knott test at 5 %. The average values observed were 152 day cycle, production 9134.2 kg/ha, 4531.8 kg / ha of grain and 26 % oil content. The nutrient uptake followed the order N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S. Since the export order was N > P > K > Mg > S > Ca. The nutrients mobility extracted for grains was low for K and Ca, Mg and S for average and high for N and P. The genotypes with higher yields on average were less efficient in the use of nutrients.
O aumento do consumo de energia no Brasil e no mundo gera uma necessidade de se buscar alternativas renováveis e não poluidoras de energia, como os biocombustíveis. O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) é uma planta com grande capacidade de produção de óleo, com potencial para produção de biodiesel. Apresenta alta produtividade e fácil adaptação climática. Pode ser uma opção de cultura econômica na rotação de culturas praticada pelos agricultores. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar dezoito genótipos de cártamo e sua absorção de nutrientes em um experimento conduzido na região oeste do estado do Paraná. A área experimental está localizada na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, no município de Santa Tereza do Oeste - PR. Foram avaliados, em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o ciclo, altura das plantas, produção de massa seca da palhada, produtividade de grãos, acúmulo de nutrientes na parte área e nos grãos, e teor de óleo nos grãos e produtividade de óleo. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott a 5 %. Os valores médios encontrados foram ciclo de 152 dias, produção de palhada de 34,2 kg/ha, 4531,8 kg/ha de grãos e teor de óleo de 26 %. A extração de nutrientes apresentou a seguinte ordem N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S. Já a ordem exportada foi N > P > K > Mg > S > Ca. A mobilidade dos nutrientes extraídos para os grãos foi baixa para o K e Ca, média para Mg e S e alta para o N e P. Os genótipos com maiores produtividades, em média, foram menos eficientes na utilização dos nutrientes.
Podlesak, David William. "Metabolic routing of macronutrients in migratory songbirds : effects of diet quality and macronutrient composition revealed using stable isotopes /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3160036.
Full textMudge, Jane L. "The role of macronutrients in appetite regulation /." Title page, abstract and introduction only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbm944.pdf.
Full textStubbs, R. James. "Macronutrients, appetite and energy balance in humans." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260378.
Full textTrevisan, Nicole Patricia Odenheimer. "Avaliação de duas estratégias de acompanhamento nutricional e seu impacto na composição da dieta de pacientes com diabetes mellitus gestacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-23092015-111821/.
Full textObjective: The current study aimed the comparison of two strategies of nutrition monitoring of patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus compared to the diet composition of these patients. Method: From July 2012 to February, 2014, 55 pregnant women were monitored at the Endocrinopathy and Pregnancy Sector of the Obstetrics Clinic at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). The inclusion criterion was: GDM diagnosed and gestational age under 35 weeks at the first nutrition assessment. Pregnant women who attend the pre-established appointments (Group 1: two assessments; Group 2: four assessments) were removed. The patients were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (initial review and final review) and Group 2 (initial review, individual guidance in two appointments with a seven to fifteen day interval and final review). In order to assess the ideal initial and final consumption of nutrients, as well as to direct the individual guidance (Group 2), the 24h alimentary record was used, followed by the assessment on the Nutrilife 8.0® program. At the initial review, both groups received the standard nutritional guidance. In order to compare the two groups, a Chi-Square analysis, Fishers exact test and a Mann-Whitney U. test were performed. Results: the two groups were similar regarding the Macro and Micronutrients at the initial review. At the final review, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups with regards to the consumption of carbohydrates, lipids and sodium. In Group 2, there was a higher consumption of carbohydrates and the consumption of sodium and lipids was lower than in Group 1. Conclusions: The individual guidance, even if assessed in a short period of time, was capable of promoting changes in the alimentation behavior of the pregnant women with regards to the consumption of carbohydrates, lipids and sodium
Pickard, Claire. "Fetal programming of appetite for macronutrients and obesity." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323801.
Full textOliveira, Silvana Ruella de [UNESP]. "Avaliação da espectrometria de absorção atômica com fonte contínua e de alta resolução no desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para diagnóstico foliar de cana-de-açucar e laranjeira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102332.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A diagnose foliar é uma ferramenta para avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas, corrigir deficiências ou excessos de nutrientes, otimizar a produção e avaliar os requerimentos de fertilizantes. Desenvolver novas metodologias analíticas para determinações multielementares de macro (Ca, K, Mg, P e S) e micronutrientes (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn) em folhas de cana-de-açúcar e de laranjeira por espectrometria de absorção atômica com fonte contínua e de alta resolução (HR-CS FAAS) foi o objetivo deste trabalho. A determinação multielementar de Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg e K em folhas de cana-de-açúcar por HR-CS FAAS foi feita após digestão das folhas em forno de micro-ondas. Usando linhas atômicas principais para Cu (324,754 nm), Fe (248,327 nm), Mn (279,482 nm) e Zn (213,857 nm), linhas secundárias para Ca (239,856 nm) e K (404,414 nm) e linha adjacente (202,588 nm) a linha secundária (202,582 nm) para Mg, curvas analiticas nos intervalos 0,1–0,5 mg L−1 Cu, 0,5–4,0 mg L−1 Fe, 0,5–4,0 mg L−1 Mn, 0,2–1,0 mg L−1 Zn, 10,0–100,0 mg L−1 Ca, 5,0–40,0 mg L−1 Mg e 50,0–250,0 mg L−1 K foram obtidas. A interferência espectral causada pela molécula de NO na linha principal do Zn (213,857 nm) foi removida com correção pelo algoritmo dos mínimos quadrados (LSBC). Exatidão e precisão foram avaliadas pela análise de 5 materiais de referência certificados e os resultados foram concordantes ao nível de 95% de confiança. Folhas de cana-de-açúcar foram analisadas e os resultados foram próximos dos obtidos por LS FAAS. As recuperações variaram de 84-114% para todos os analitos. Os limites de detecção foram 0,6 mg L-1 Ca, 0,4 mg L-1 Mg, 0,4 mg L-1 K, 7,7 μg L-1 Cu, 7,7 μg L-1 Fe, 1,5 μg L-1 Mn e 5,9 μg L-1 Zn. Um preparo de amostras alternativo foi proposto para determinar B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S e Zn por HR-CS FAAS...
Foliar diagnosis is a tool for evaluating nutritional state of plants, correcting nutrient deficiencies or excesses, optimizing crop production and evaluating fertilizer requirements. The goal of this work was to develop new methodologies for multielement determination of macro (Ca, K, Mg, P and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) in sugarcane and orange leaves by high resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS). The multielement determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg and K in sugarcane leaves by HR-CS FAAS was carried out after microwave-assisted sample digestion. Using main lines for Cu (324.754 nm), Fe (248.327 nm), Mn (279.482 nm) and Zn (213.857 nm), secondary lines for Ca (239.856 nm) and K (404.414 nm), and side line (202.588 nm) at wing of secondary line (202.582 nm) for Mg, analytical curves in the 0.1–0.5 mg L−1 Cu, 0.5- 4.0 mg L−1 Fe, 0.5-4.0 mg L−1 Mn, 0.2-1.0 mg L−1 Zn, 10.0-100.0 mg L−1 Ca, 5.0-40.0 mg L−1 Mg e 50.0-250.0 mg L−1 K intervals were obtained. Spectral interference caused by NO molecule on the main line for Zn (213.857 nm) was removed with least squares background correction (LSBC). Accuracy and precision were evaluated by analysis of 5 certified reference materials and the results were in agreement at 95% confidence level. Sugarcane leaves were analyzed and the results were close to those obtained by LS FAAS. Recoveries varied from 84 to 114% for all analytes. The limits of detection were 0.6 mg L-1 Ca, 0.4 mg L-1 Mg, 0.4 mg L-1 K, 7.7 μg L-1 Cu, 7.7 μg L-1 Fe, 1.5 μg L-1 Mn and 5.9 μg L-1 Zn. An alternative sample preparation was proposed for determining B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S and Zn by HR-CS FAAS. Sugarcane and orange leaves were submitted to dry ashing and solubilized in hydrochloric acid. This digest was divided in 3: one for B, P and S determination; other for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Barretto, Vitor Corrêa de Mattos [UNESP]. "Resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel na fertilidade do solo e no desenvolvimento de eucalipto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105180.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Foram conduzidos experimentos em casa de vegetação e em condições de campo, com os seguintes objetivos: a) avaliar o efeito de doses de composto de resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel na fertilidade do solo, no desenvolvimento, na produção de matéria seca e na concentração e acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla; b) avaliar os efeitos da aplicação em diferentes épocas de dois resíduos da indústria de celulose e papel (lodo ativado e não decomposto e dregs + grits), no desenvolvimento das árvores, produção de madeira e acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As principais conclusões foram: a) A aplicação de composto de resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel (CRICP) propiciou ganhos em altura aos 60 dias após o plantio em colunas de PVC, em diâmetro do coleto e em produção de biomassa das plantas de eucalipto aos 120 dias. O CRICP resultou em aumento no valor de pH e nos teores de Ca e Mg do solo. Também elevou os teores de P, K e Na no solo. A concentração nas folhas e o acúmulo de P, K, Ca e S aumentaram com a aplicação do composto; b) Os resíduos da fábrica de celulose e papel são eficientes corretivos da acidez do solo. A aplicação de 8 t ha-1 de dregs + grits no plantio proporcionou maior crescimento em diâmetro e produção de madeira de eucalipto do que a aplicação de 15 t ha-1 de lodo ativado não decomposto. Essa dose e elevou os teores de Ca e Mg e a porcentagem de saturação por bases de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico para valores adequados para uma produtividade de madeira de 40 m3 ha-1 ano-1, aos 6,5 anos, quando aplicados no plantio ou três meses após o mesmo.
Experiments in greenhouse and field were carried out with the objectives: a) to evaluate the effect of industrial residues from pulp and paper mill compost rates on soil fertility, on development, on dry matter production and nutrient contents and accumulation in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone; b) to evaluate the application effects in different times of two industrial residues from pulp and paper mill (cellulose sludge and dregs + grits) on tree development, wood production and nutrient accumulation in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone. The main conclusions were: a) the industrial residues from pulp and paper mill compost (IRPPMC) application promoted increases on height at 60 days after planting, on stem diameter and on biomass production of eucalypt plants at 120 days. The IRPPMC increase the pH value and Ca and Mg soil content. The P, K, and Na soil content also increased. The P, K, Ca e S contents and accumulation in the leaves were increased with compost application; b) industrial residues from pulp and paper mill are efficient in the liming of soil acidity. The application of 8 Mg ha-1 of dregs + grits promoted major growth on diameter and on wood production of eucalypt that 15 Mg ha-1 of activated sludge in combination with chemical fertilizer application. This dose increased Ca and Mg and the base saturation of Red Latosol (Oxisol) to adequate values to reached 40 m3 ha-1 ano-1 wood productivity, at 6,5 years, when application was in the plantation or three months later.
Maeda, Alexandra Sanae [UNESP]. "Adubação nitrogenada e potássica em socas de cana-de-açúcar com e sem queima em solos de cerrado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106182.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A adubação representa cerca de 20% dos custos de produção da cana-de-açúcar e entre os nutrientes utilizados, o potássio constitui o elemento mais exigido pela cultura, juntamente com o nitrogênio. O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos de doses de nitrogênio e de potássio na produtividade e qualidade das socas de cana-de-açúcar no 3º e 4º ciclos e no 4º ciclo em áreas com palhada (CCP) e sem palhada (CSP) sobre o solo. Os experimentos com os 3º e 4º ciclos foram conduzidos nos anos de 2006 a 2008 com a variedade RB 83-5486 na fazenda Vale da Pecuária, município de Selvíria-MS, e os experimentos com 4º ciclo da cana- de-açúcar em áreas com e sem palhada sobre o solo foram conduzidos nos anos de 2007 a 2008 com variedade RB 86-7515 nas fazendas A Raimundo e Retiro II, respectivamente, no município de Aparecida do Taboado-MS. Todos os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em áreas administradas pela Usina Alcoolvale S/A com quatro doses de nitrogênio (40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de N), na forma de uréia, e quatro doses de potássio (40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de K2O), na forma de cloreto de potássio, em um esquema fatorial 4x4, totalizando 16 tratamentos dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os teores foliares de macronutrientes nas folhas e nos colmos, açúcares redutores do caldo e da cana, pol do caldo e da cana, pureza do caldo, brix, fibra, produtividade agroindustrial, produção de matéria-seca e produtividade de colmos. Para os experimentos 3º e 4º ciclos da cana-de- açúcar com a variedade RB 83-5486 as doses de N e de K aumentaram os teores de macronutrientes na folha e no colmo. Para os indicadores de qualidade da cana-de-açúcar, houve apenas efeito das doses de N no teor de brix no 3º ciclo, evidenciando que a matéria- prima estava com boa qualidade tecnológica e dentro...
The fertilization represents around 20% of the production cost of sugar-cane crop and potassium constitutes its most demanded nutrient, together with nitrogen. The study had the objective of evaluating the effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on 3th and subsequent 4th cycle of sugar-cane crop (ratoon), and on 4th cycle of this crop in areas with or without cane trash burning, on its productivity and quality. The experiments of 3th and 4th cycles were conducted from 2006 to 2008 with the RB 83-5486 variety at Vale da Pecuária farm, Selvíria- MS, and the experiments with 4th cycle of the sugar-cane in areas managed with (+TB) or without (-TB) cane trash burning were conducted from 2007 to 2008 with variety RB 86-7515 at A Raimundo and Retiro II, respectively, in Aparecida do Taboado-MS. All experiments were carried out in areas administered by Usina Alcoolvale S/A, in a randomized block design using a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four rates of nitrogen (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1), as urea and four of potassium (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O), as potassium chloride, totalizing 16 treatments with four replicates. The macro and micronutrients content in leaf and stem, reducing sugars, pol, purity, Brix, fiber content, tillering number in 10 meters, agro industrial productivity, dry matter and cane productivity were evaluated. For the experiments of 3th and 4th cycles N and K rates increased the leaf and stem macro and micronutrients contents. For the quality indicators, there was effect of N rates only on Brix in the 3th cycle, observing that the raw material had good technological quality and within the adequate patterns. The K rates increased the agro industrial productivity, dry matter and cane productivity only for the 4th cycle. The cane yield increased linearly with K rates. For the experiments of 4th cycle with RB 86-7515, the N and K rates increased... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Araujo, João Paulo Campos de. "Crescimento e marcha de absorção de nutrientes de bananeira (Musa sp. AAA), 'Grande Naine' no primeiro ciclo de produção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-15072008-141025/.
Full textThis work consisted of the determination of the macro and micronutrients absorption march for the banana tree (Muse spp), cultivar Grande Naine during the first production cycle. Samples of rhizomes, pseudostem, leafs and later inflorescence, were taken monthly during the cycle of the culture, the cycle in the conditions of the study takes sixteen months. The rhizomes dimensions (diameter and length) had been evaluated, the plants height, leaf number, determination the fresh and dry masses of these parties. After the eighth month of start had the necessity of getting sub-samples of the analyzed parts, this operation carried manually, because the volume of the samples exceeded the capacity of the drying greenhouse. The samples had been taken for greenhouse until reaching constant masses. The macro and micronutrients analyses were made by Sarruge ; Haag (1974) method. The plants had presented initially slow accumulation of dry mass, growing accented from the tenth month after the transplantation. The decreasing order of the extraction of macronutrients was K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and the extraction reason was 89K: 17N: 10Ca: 6Mg: 2P: 1S. The decreasing order of the extraction of micronutrients was Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>B and the extraction reason was 41 Fe: 10Mn: 3Cu: 2Zn: 1B. The regression equations that if had more adjusted for rhizomes, pseudostem, and leafs had been the exponentials, for the inflorescence, the model that adjusted was the third degree polynomial equation. The nutrients recycling, from an adequate handling of agencies, as well as its exportation with the harvest, must be taken in consideration in any program of fertilization of the banana tree.
Bleil, Rozane Aparecida Toso. "Disponibilidade de energia e nutrientes nos domicilios de famílias das regiões metropolitanas de Curitiba e Porto Alegre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-23112004-161323/.
Full textThe food consumption is influenced, among other factors, by the process of urbanization, agricultural policies, food availability, income distribution, adequate processing, feeding habits and marketing. In the course of this interaction, negative consequences may be observed in the state of health, such as malnutrition, obesity and chronic illnesses. The present study was accomplished using the Family Budgetary Survey (FBS-1995/1996) data base, related to the metropolitan areas of Curitiba and Porto Alegre southern Brazil. The objectives were to analyze the families accessibility to energy and the participation of macronutrients in the Total Calorie Value-TCV available in the domicile; to differentiate the protein origin (animal or vegetal); to estimate the amounts of dietary fiber, cholesterol, vitamins, and minerals at the households disposal in the referred population; to determine the food accessibility according to the extent of transformation (manufactured or in natura) and also, the participation of each food group at the families disposal, according to the daily TCV. The software Virtual Nutri (Phillippi, 1996) was used to calculate nutrient availability. Energy, macro and micronutrient recommendations by the National Academy of Sciences (2001) were adopted as parameters. The results showed that the energy and macronutrients at the disposal of these population groups may be considered adequate. On the other hand, the study revealed elevated participation of animal protein for the totality of families. Cholesterol, however, appeared to be present at amounts lower than recommended, notwithstanding the fact that this research did not take into account the food consumed outside the domicile. Considering the dietary fiber at the disposal of these families, we can infer it was insufficient. In relation to micronutrients, we observed a low availability, especially for folic acid, niacin, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium and selenium. In relation to the food groups, the participation of legumes, especially beans, on the TCV of the household of the poorest families was outstanding. On the other hand, we observed an increase in the access to meat and poultry, and milk and milk products, concordant with the rising of income, which reinforces the influence of income on food acquisition. The participation of potherbs greens did not present any meaningful difference when the income stratum and metropolitan area were considered. The participation of fruits appeared with an increasing tendency, in relation to income. There was yet the predominance of manufactured food products on the TCV for the totality of families surveyed. It may be concluded that both income and cultural habits seem to exert decisive influence on the food habits of this population. Thus, it is fundamental to search for alternatives in order to improve the habits and consumption patterns of the referred population, independent of their socioeconomical or cultural backgrounds.
Barreto, Ivan. "Fósforo e potássio associados a enxofre, boro e zinco na adubação de formação de capim-marandu." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157175.
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A pecuária no Brasil está baseada no potencial de produção de forragens, sendo a pastagem a fonte de alimento mais usada e econômica. No entanto, aumentar os índices de produção de forragem consiste no manejo adequado da pastagem, especialmente com adubação equilibrada de macro e micronutrientes. Com o objetivo de avaliar fósforo e potássio associados a enxofre, boro e zinco na adubação de formação de pastagem de Urochloa brizantha cultivar Marandu, foi conduzido um experimento em Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico, na área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena. O delineamento experimental foi em bloco casualizados, com quatro repetições. Em todos os tratamentos foram aplicados 120 kg ha-1 de N, na forma de nitrato de amônio, a qual foi dividida em quatro doses iguais, na semeadura e após os três cortes subsequentes. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1) Controle - sem adubação, exceto N; T2) PK via fosfato monoamônio (MAP) e cloreto de potássio (KCl); T3) PKS via superfosfato simples (SS) e KCl; T4) PKS via S15 e KCl; T5) PKSB via S15 e KB; T6) PKSZn via SZ e KCl; T7) PKSBZn via SZ e KB; T8) PKSBZn via SZ, KB e Oxisulfato Zn. Nos tratamentos com PK foi aplicada a dose de 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 50 kg ha-1 de K2O, respectivamente. As doses de enxofre, boro e zinco foram proporcionais a concentração na formulação de cada fertilizante, exceto o tratamento oito no qual foi acrescido o oxisulfato de Zn para fornecer o dobro do micronutriente em relação ao tratamento sete. MAP: (11%N, 52%P2O5); KCl: (60%K2O); SS (21%P2O5, 12%S); S15: (13% N, 33%P2O5, 15%S); KB: (58%K2O, 0,5%B); SZ: (12%N, 32%P2O5, 15%S, 1%Zn). Os resultados evidenciaram menor produção de massa verde e de massa seca de capim-marandu na ausência da aplicação de fósforo, potássio, enxofre, boro e zinco. A aplicação de fósforo e potássio na presença de enxofre mais boro ou enxofre mais zinco aumentou 24% a produção de massa seca acumulada em relação ao controle. A produção de folhas do capim-marandu variou no primeiro corte com as maiores médias no T3 e T5 e nos demais cortes não foi observado efeito significativo. Os teores de fibras insolúveis em detergente neutro e fibras insolúveis em detergente ácido da forragem de capim-marandu não variaram em função da adubação, enquanto o teor de proteína bruta diferiu somente no período seco, com as menores médias nos tratamentos T1 e T4. Na camada de 0-0,2 m do solo foi possível constatar o incremento na disponibilidade de fósforo, enxofre, boro e zinco, após um ano da aplicação dos nutrientes via fertilizante mineral. Na camada de 0,2-0,4 m do solo o boro e zinco apresentaram aumento na disponibilidade, após um ano de aplicação dos nutrientes via fertilizantes minerais. No período das águas, a menor concentração de fósforo na parte aérea do capim-marandu foi observada no tratamento controle, enquanto os demais nutrientes não diferiram.
Livestock production in Brazil is based on the potential of forage production, with pasture being the most used and economical source of food. However, increasing forage yield indexes is adequate management of pasture, especially with balanced fertilization of macro and micronutrients. In order to evaluate phosphorus and potassium associated with sulfur, boron and zinc in the cultivation of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, an experiment was carried out in a dystrophic Ultisol in the experimental area of the Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences, UNESP, Campus of Dracena. The experimental design was randomized block, with four replicates. In all treatments, 120 kg ha-1 of N, as ammonium nitrate, was applied, which was divided into four equal doses at sowing and after three subsequent cuts. The treatments were as follows: T1) Control - without fertilization, except N; T2) PK via monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and potassium chloride (KCl); T3) PKS via single superphosphate (SS) and KCl; T4) PKS via S15 and KCl; T5) PKSB via S15 and KB; T6) PKSZn via SZ and KCl; T7) PKSBZn via SZ and KB; T8) PKSBZn via SZ, KB and Oxisulfate Zn. In the treatments with PK the dose of 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 50 kg ha-1 of K2O was applied, respectively. The sulfur, boron and zinc doses were proportional to the concentration in the formulation of each fertilizer, except treatment eight in which Zn oxysulphate was added to provide twice the micronutrient over treatment seven. MAP: (11% N, 52% P2O5); KCl: (60% K2O); SS (21%P2O5, 12%S); S15: (13%N, 33%P2O5, 15%S); KB: (58%K2O, 0.5%B); SZ: (12%N, 32%P2O5, 15%S, 1%Zn). The results showed lower production of green mass and dry mass of marandu grass in the absence of the application of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron and zinc. The application of phosphorus and potassium in the presence of sulfur plus boron or sulfur plus zinc increased 24% the accumulated dry mass production in relation to the control. The production of leaves of the marandu grass varied in the first cut with the highest means in T3 and T5 and in the other cuts no significant effect was observed. The neutral detergent insoluble fiber content and acid detergent insoluble fiber of the fodder of the marandu grass did not vary according to the fertilization, while the crude protein content differed only in the dry period, with the lowest averages in the treatments T1 and T4.In the 0-0.2 m depth of the soil, it was possible to verify the increase in the availability of phosphorus, sulfur, boron and zinc, after one year of nutrient application via mineral fertilizer. In the 0.2-0.4 m soil depth, boron and zinc showed an increase in availability after one year of nutrient application via mineral fertilizers. During the water period, the lowest phosphorus concentration in the aerial part of the marandu grass was observed in the control treatment, while the other nutrients did not differ.
Neto, Osvaldo Nogueira de Sousa. "Limites de umidade e concentrações de potássio na solução do solo no cultivo do lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) fertirrigado em ambiente protegido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-19052017-111115/.
Full textLisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) has had attracting great interest by the beauty of the flowers colors, firmness of stems and post-harvest durability. However, knowledge of irrigation and fertigation of lisiathus, high impact factors in the production and quality of stems and flower buds, have had based it generally on empiricism or recommendations from other countries, resulting in insufficient or excessive application of water and fertilizer. This study aimed to establish parameters for the appropriated management of lisianthus fertigation (var. Casablanca and var. Excalibur) under protected environment by determining the best soil moisture lower boundary associated with the optimum concentration of potassium which have be maintained in the soil solution. The research was conduct in two greenhouses, located in the experimental area of the Department of Biosystems Engineering from Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", University of São Paulo (ESALQ / USP). The treatments were compose of five soil moisture limits to start fertigation (T1 = 0.20, T2 = 0.15, T3 = 0.13, T4 = 0.11 and T5 = 0.09 cm3 cm-3) and five concentrations of potassium in the soil solution (K1 = 50, K2 = 100, K3 = 150, K4 = 200 and K5 = 250 mg dm-3). The plots were arrange in completely randomized block design and factorial scheme of 5 x 5 (five moisture limits and five concentrations of potassium in the soil solution), with four repetitions, totaling 100 plots. During the growth and production phases of lisianthus, the soil solution was monitoring by measuring of potassium concentration (K+) and electrical conductivity (EC) at 0.15 to 0.30 m of depth through soil solution extractors and TDR100 Reflectometer (Campbell Scientific, Logan, Utah). In the first cycle (autumn-winter), average scheduling irrigation equivalent to 6, 10, 12, 12 and 12 days were obtained for soil moisture limits equal to 0.20, 0.15, 0.13, 0, 11 and 0.09 cm3 cm-3 respectively. And the second cycle (summer-spring) the limits of moisture studied resulted in intervals between fertigations (average scheduling irrigation) of approximately 7, 11, 14, 17 and 23 days. Cultivation of lisianthus under the lower soil moisture limit of 0.20 cm3 cm-3 resulted in the application of irrigation depth of up to 16% (first cycle) and 26% (second cycle) higher than the average irrigation depth of the others limits of soil moisture. At the beginning of the cycle, after obtaining a good approximation between the expected and observed values of the potassium (K+) and the electrical conductivity of the soil solution, it was possible the maintenance of the concentrations of K+ and CEs at levels close to those established by the treatments through the use of porous capsule extractors and TDR, guaranteeing the parallelism of the profiles over the time. The nutrients order predominance in the lisianthus plants harvested at the end of the second cycle was K> N> S> Mg> Ca> P, for the macros and Fe> Mn> B> Zn> Cu for micronutrients. It was also observed that, the different concentrations of potassium in the soil solution did not result in significant differences in contents of that nutrient in the plants. The main growth and yield characteristics of the lisianthus crop showed a linear decreasing response as a function of the reduction of the soil moisture values considered as limits for the beginning of irrigation. The use of porous capsules extractors associated with soil moisture monitoring with TDR and the mass balance equation enabled satisfactory management of potassium and electrical conductivity concentrations of the soil solution in the grown crop of lisianthus. Furthermore, the best results were obtain when lisianthus was subject to higher frequencies of fertigation for all variables of commercial interest and total yield. The yield and quality characteristics of the flower stems were not influenced by the potassium concentrations in the soil solution.
VILLA, Ester Bullich. "Aspectos silviculturais e ecol?gicos em ?rea de restaura??o florestal com diferentes espa?amentos de plantio." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1518.
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CAPES
Planting spacing in mixed stands interferes in the competition for environment elements, in the control of unwanted species and in forest succession facilitation. Therefore among other variables, it will affect species growth, as well as vegetation nutrients cycling and consequently litter deposition. On a restoration planting, in Serop?dica (RJ), were employed different spacing, 1 m x 1 m; 1.5 m x 1.5 m; 2 m x 2 m and 3 m x 2 m, and six species were studied as to its growth during six years after planting. The variables evaluated were total height (m) and diameter at ground level (DGL), in order to and canopy area, those were used to compare average growth in two periods, the third and sixth year after plantation. The species behaviors in all characteristics were different, at three and six years old, where, 1 m x 1 m spacing provided smaller values. Deciduous material was studied during two years. In 1 m x 1 m spacing was observed the largest litter deposition, and no differences between the units of the other spacing. The fraction leaves showed in all spacing greater supply (77%). Upper litter intakes and leaf fraction were observed in the dry season (March to September) in the 1 m x 1 m spacing, being the average value contributed of litter, in the range of two years, equal to 7.48 Mg.ha-1.year-1. The material contributed in the dry season, after four years of planting, showed that the amount of macronutrients (g.kg-1) N, K and Mg were little influenced by the spacing. The highest nutrient content was observed in 1 m x 1 m spacing. In General, it was found the following order as the nutrient content of litter, N > Ca > K > Mg > P. The species were assessed of macronutrient quantity in the compartments of biomass. With regard to the presence of macronutrients quantity (N; P; K; Ca; Mg) at compartments noteworthy are at leaves (2.41; 0.21; 1.29; 1.12; 0.41 g nutrient.kg sample); secondly bark; thirdly branches; fourthly root and fifth wood. It is concluded that there are differences in nutrient quantity of biomass among the six species studied, being more demanding Chorisia speciosa on nutrients, and Schinus terebinthifolius and Schizolobium parahyb less demanding. Also that the nutrient quantity followed the order leaf > bark > branch > root > wood. The macronutrient content presented the order N > K > Ca > Mg > P.
O espa?amento de plantio nos povoamentos mistos interfere nas rela??es de competi??o pelos recursos do ambiente, no controle de esp?cies indesejadas e na facilita??o da sucess?o florestal. Portanto, entre outras vari?veis, afetar? o crescimento das esp?cies, al?m da ciclagem de nutrientes na vegeta??o e consequentemente a deposi??o de serapilheira. Num plantio de restaura??o florestal, em Serop?dica, RJ foram empregados os espa?amentos 1 m x 1 m; 1,5 m x 1,5 m; 2 m x 2 m e 3 m x 2 m e seis esp?cies foram estudadas quanto ao seu crescimento durante seis anos ap?s plantio. As caracter?sticas avaliadas foram altura total (m) e di?metro ao n?vel do solo (DNS) e a ?rea de copa, visando comparar o crescimento das plantas, aos tr?s e seis anos de idade. O comportamento das esp?cies nas tr?s caracter?sticas foram diferentes, aos tr?s e seis anos, onde em geral, o espa?amento 1 m x 1m forneceu menores valores. Nos espa?amentos o aporte de material dec?duo foi estudado durante dois anos. No espa?amento 1 m x 1 m foi observada a maior deposi??o de serapilheira, n?o havendo diferen?as entre as unidades dos demais espa?amentos. A fra??o folha mostrou, em todos os espa?amentos, maior aporte de serapilheira (77%). Maiores valores de aporte de serapilheira e da fra??o folha foram observados na ?poca da seca (mar?o a setembro) no espa?amento 1 m x 1 m, sendo o valor m?dio aportado no intervalo de dois anos, igual a 7,48 Mg ha-1 . ano-1. No material aportado na ?poca da seca, ap?s quatro anos de plantio, verificaram-se os maiores teores de nutrientes N, K e Mg, sendo esse padr?o pouco influenciado pelo espa?amento. O maior conte?do de nutrientes foi observado no espa?amento 1 m x 1 m. Em geral, constatou-se a seguinte ordem quanto o conte?do de nutrientes da serapilheira, N > Ca > K > Mg > P. As esp?cies foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de macronutrientes nos compartimentos da biomassa arb?rea. Quanto aos teores dos macronutrientes por compartimentos cabe destacar os valores da fra??o foliar (24,1; 2,1; 12,9; 11,2; 4,1 g nutriente.kg-1amostra); em segundo lugar a casca; galho em terceiro lugar; em quarto lugar a raiz e em quinto a madeira. Conclui-se que existem diferen?as no teor de nutrientes da biomassa entre as seis esp?cies estudadas, sendo a paineira a mais exigente em nutrientes, e aroeira e guapuruvu, as menos exigentes. Tamb?m que o teor de nutrientes, nos compartimentos, seguiu a ordem folha > casca > galho > raiz > madeira. O teor de macronutrientes apresentou a ordem N > K > Ca > Mg > P.
Baseggio, Mônica Helena. "Avaliação do consumo alimentar de gestantes portadoras de diabetes pré-gestacional pelo método do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-11052012-131635/.
Full textObjective: The objective of this study was to analyze the dietary intake of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes, estimating the prevalence of deficiency or excess of macronutrients and micronutrients in the diet. Method: Thirty-nine pregnant women with pregestational diabetes were evaluated in the first prenatal care assessment in Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). Inclusion criteria were: literate pregnant women with pregestational diabetes, single pregnancy, gestational age less than or equal to 24 weeks. Pregnant women who present inability to understand or Record the nutritional guidance would be exclused. The women were interviewed with the application of a 24-hour recall (24 Hr) recording dietary intake information from three non-consecutive days, including one Day of the weekend. In the first prenatal assessment, we determined the nutritional status by body mass index before pregnancy, and then obtained the calculation of energy recommendations for further distribution of macronutrients in the diet of the pregnant women. The evaluation of the chemical composition of food was calculated providing data of the total energy (VET), macronutrients and micronutrients, wich were compared with dietary recommendations. Results: On the 39 pregnant women studied, there was an energy consumption lower than recommended, representing only 89% of the estimate. There was a greater distribution of daily energy intake from protein and lipid than expected and lower distribution of VET in relation to carbohydrates. There was inadequate intake of micronutrients with higher proportions of deficit of calcium, iron, copper, magnesium, selenium, potassium, vitamin B1, B5, C and folic acid. An excess of the following micronutrients was identified: phosphorus, sodium, iodine and vitamin B12. There was inadequacy of micronutrient with variable distribution between deficit and excess of manganese, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin D.Conclusions: There was a high frequency of inadequate diet in pregestational diabetic patients in terms of both total energy and the distribution of macronutrients and micronutrients
Ayyaf, Abeer H. M. "Socioeconomic differences in the intake of macronutrients in Nova Scotia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24953.pdf.
Full textGazola, Rodolfo de Niro. "Adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica na produtividade, ciclagem de nutrientes e no balanço nutricional do eucalipto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152502.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As áreas de cultivo do eucalipto têm ocupado novas regiões do Brasil, sendo que o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul lidera esta expansão. Nessas novas áreas, a condição edafoclimática é um fator limitante ao desenvolvimento dessa cultura, pois os solos do bioma Cerrado apresentam baixa fertilidade natural, com pouca disponibilidade de fósforo (P) e potássio (K), e baixo teor de matéria orgânica (M.O.), além disso, o clima é caracterizado pela presença de déficit hídrico acentuado e frequente. Portanto, a carência de nutrientes no solo aliado às condições climáticas influenciam no desenvolvimento da cultura. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica dado à importância desses nutrientes na cultura do eucalipto, e a suas limitações no solo em estudo. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Renascença, fundo agrícola administrado pela Cargill Agrícola S/A, localizado no município de Três Lagoas/MS, de setembro de 2011 a julho de 2017, em um NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de doses de nitrogênio (N) (0, 70, 105 e 140 kg ha-1), de P (0, 40, 70 e 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e de K (0, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1 de K2O). Cada parcela foi composta por 56 plantas, distribuídas em sete linhas de oito plantas cada, totalizando 420 m2. Nas linhas de plantio, as mudas do clone I144 (Eucalyptus urophylla) foram espaçadas em 2,5 m e nas entrelinhas em 3,0 m. Foram avaliados: a produtividade de madeira; as concentrações de nutrientes nas folhas; a produtividade de folhedos, as concentrações e a transferência de nutrientes de folhedos; a disponibilidade dos macronutrientes no solo; o balanço dos nutrientes nas folhas e no solo (relação log isométrica); a produção, concentrações de nutrientes e seu acúmulo na biomassa e a eficiência no uso dos nutrientes. A adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica aumentaram a produção de biomassa, volume de madeira e estoque de nutrientes na biomassa. As doses de N influenciaram nas concentrações de N na folha e no folhedo, nos balanços foliares de [N | P], [K | Ca, Mg] e [Ca | Mg] e na ciclagem de K e não interferiram na produtividade de folhedo, nos teores de P, K, Ca, Mg e S no solo e na eficiência da utilização dos nutrientes. As doses de P influenciaram positivamente na transferência de P e K para solo, no balanço foliares de [N | P], nos teores de P solo e não interferiram na produtividade de folhedo, nos teores de K, Ca, Mg e S no solo e na eficiência da utilização dos nutrientes. As doses de K influenciaram positivamente nas concentrações de K e negativamente nas de Mg na folha e no folhedo, na transferência de K e Mg para o solo, nos balanços foliares de [K | Ca, Mg] e [Ca | Mg] e do solo de [K, Ca, Mg | H+Al] e [K | Ca, Mg], na eficiência da utilização do N e não interferiram na produtividade de folhedo e nos teores de P, Ca, Mg e S no solo.
The areas of eucalyptus cultivation have occupied new regions of Brazil, being that the state of Mato Grosso do Sul leads this expansion. In these new areas, the soil and soil conditions of the Cerrado biome have low natural fertility, with low availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and low organic matter (OM), in addition, the climate is characterized by the presence of accentuated and frequent water deficit. Therefore, the lack of nutrients in the soil combined with climatic conditions influence the development of the crop. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization given to the importance of these nutrients in the eucalyptus crop and its limitations in the soil under study. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Renascença, an agricultural fund managed by Cargill Agrícola S / A, located in the municipality of Três Lagoas / MS, from September 2011 to July 2017, in a Entisols. A randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were composed rates of nitrogen (N) (0, 70, 105 and 140 kg ha-1), P (0, 40, 70 and 100 kg ha-1 P2O5) and K (0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1 K2O). Each plot was composed of 56 plants, distributed in seven lines of eight plants each, totaling 420 m2. In the planting lines, the seedlings of clone I144 (Eucalyptus urophylla) were spaced at 2.5 m and in between lines at 3.0 m. The following were evaluated: wood productivity; nutrient concentrations in leaves; foliar productivity, nutrient concentrations and transfer of foliage; the availability of macronutrients in soil; nutrient balance in leaves and soil (isometric log ratio); production, nutrient concentrations and their accumulation in the biomass and the efficiency in the use of the nutrients. Nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization increased biomass production, wood volume and nutrient stock in biomass. N rates influenced leaf and leaf N concentrations in leaf balances of [N | P], [K | Ca, Mg] and [Ca | Mg and K cycling and did not interfere in leaf productivity, P, K, Ca, Mg and S contents in the soil and nutrient utilization efficiency. The P rates influenced positively the transfer of P and K to soil, in the leaf balance of [N | P] levels in soil P and did not interfere with leaf productivity, soil K, Ca, Mg and S contents and nutrient utilization efficiency. The K rates influenced positively K concentrations and negatively Mg concentrations in leaf and leaf, K and Mg transfer to soil, in the leaf swings of [K | Ca, Mg] and [Ca | Mg] and the soil of [K, Ca, Mg | H + Al] and [K | Ca, Mg] in the efficiency of N utilization and did not interfere in leaf productivity and soil P, Ca, Mg and S contents.
FAPESP: 2014/02641-6
Gabrielli, Giuliano. "Reúso de efluente de esgoto sanitário anaeróbio e nitrificado em irrigação de roseiras." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258253.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Efluentes de estações de tratamento de esgotos com nível de tratamento secundário podem ainda conter nutrientes em quantidades prejudicais ao ambiente. O lançamento desses efluentes podem causar eutrofização dos corpos d'água, tornando a água inapropriada para usos previstos, como abastecimento para consumo humano, atividades de lazer, etc. Além do problema da eutrofização, há a dificuldade de se atender a resolução 357 de 2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente - CONAMA 357 -, que estabelece padrões de qualidade dos corpos d'água com relação a concentração de nitrogênio e fósforo. Assim, uma das maneiras de diminuir o afluxo de nutrientes para os corpos d'água seria pelo reúso agrícola, que ainda leva a economia no uso de fertilizantes. Porém o reúso de esgoto tratado em irrigação pode trazer alguns problemas, entre os quais salinização e sodificação do solo e excesso de nitrato na solução do solo. Por isso é necessário que haja monitoramento das características químicas do solo da área irrigada. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade de irrigação de rosas por gotejamento com efluente de esgoto anaeróbio e nitrificado, analisando o grau de salinização e de sodificação do solo, do teor de nitrato e potássio da solução do solo e da produtividade da cultura e parâmetros das hastes florais em comparação com o cultivo tradicional com uso de fertilizantes e irrigação com água. A maior produção foi obtida no tratamento com efluente nitrificado, de 15.000 dz ha-1. Não houve diferença estatística dos parâmetros das hastes (comprimento e diâmetro da haste; comprimento e diâmetro do botão floral; e massa fresca do botão) entre os tratamentos. A condutividade elétrica no extrato de saturação do solo foi maior no tratamento com efluente anaeróbio mais adubação chegando a 0,69 dS m-1. A RAS máxima foi de 5,65 mmolc L-1 no tratamento com efluente nitrificado. A concentração de N-NO3-1 nos tratamentos com efluentes ficou em torno de 20 mg L-1. A aplicação de efluentes tratados em roseiras se mostrou viável
Abstract: Wastewater secondary treatment plants effluent may contain, yet, nutrients in amounts harmful to the environment. These effluents discharging can cause eutrophication in receiving waters, making it unsuitable for intended uses, such as provision for human consumption, leisure activities, etc. Besides the problem of eutrophication, there is the difficulty to make it appropriate to patterns recommended by resolution nº 357, 2005 from National Council on the Environment - CONAMA - which establish the quality standards for receiving waters about nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. Thus, a way to decrease the influx of nutrients to receiving waters would be agricultural reuse, which still leads savings in fertilizer use. But treated wastewater reuse in irrigation can bring some problems, including salinity and sodicity in soil and nitrate excess in soil solution. Therefore, it is necessary soil chemical characteristics monitoring of the irrigated area. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of drip irrigation of roses with anaerobic and nitrified wastewater effluents, analyzing the degree of salinity and sodicity of the soil, content of nitrate and potassium in the soil solution, yield of the crop and parameters of the flowers in comparison to traditional cultivation with fertilizer and freshwater irrigation. The highest production was in the nitrified effluent treatmen, that was 15,000 dozen ha-1. There was no statistical difference among treatment in flowers'parameters (stem diameter and length, bud length and diameter, fresh button mass). Electrical conductivity in saturation extract of soil was 0.69 dS m-1 in anaerobic effluent with fertilization treatment. Maximum SAR was 5.65 (mmolc L-1) in nitrified effluent treatment. Concentration of NO3-N in all treatments was around 20 mg L-1. The application of treated effluent in roses is shown to be viable
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Sartori, Raul Henrique. "Eficiência de uso de nitrogênio e enxofre pela cana-de-açúcar (primeira e segunda rebrota) em sistema conservacionista (sem queima)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-29072011-093124/.
Full textThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the responses of a first ratoon of sugar cane to fertilization with nitrogen and sulfur related to the dose of N applied at planting of the crop and the effect of these combinations of N and S on the productivity of the subsequent ratoon (residual effect); and evaluate the use and redistribution of N and S in the first and second ratoon, using the stable isotopes 15N and 34S. The experiment was installed in the field in a commercial area with the cultivar SP81 3250, in a Arenic Kandiustults of medium texture. The experimental design in the cane-plant agricultural cycle was randomized blocks, with four replications, with the following treatments having been established: control (without nitrogen fertilization) and the N dose of 80 kg ha-1 from urea (U). In the first ratoon, the cane-plant plots were subdivided into four subplots, with each one receiving doses of ammonium sulfate (SA): 236, 471 and 707 kg ha-1, as well as the control without application of SA. The doses of SA correspond to 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N and 57, 114 and 171 kg ha-1 of S respectively. In the first ratoon cycle, in the treatments with 236 and 471 kg ha-1 of SA, microplots were installed with the application of enriched ammonium sulfate with 2.96 and 2.15% atoms of 15N and 8.0 and 10.5% atoms of 34S respectively. In these microplots, the contribution of the N and S of the fertilizer in the total accumulation of N and S by the sugar cane throughout the first ratoon cycle was estimated. Harvest of the first ratoon occurred 12 months after the cutting of the cane-plant. In the second ratoon (SC) agricultural cycle, nitrogen fertilization was maintained with the application of ammonium nitrate at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N, in the treatments corresponding to the doses of N, with the control remaining without fertilization with N, and the microplots preserved in which the contribution of the N fertilizer and of the S fertilizer in the total accumulation of N and S by the sugar cane at the end of this cycle was also estimated. For the first ratoon, the following were evaluated: stalk productivity per hectare (TCH), the technological attributes, the dry matter of the above ground part, the use of the 15N/34S of the SA and the effect of the cane-plant treatments on the use of nitrogen and sulfur by the first ratoon. In the third cutting (second ratoon), the following were evaluated: stalk productivity per hectare (TCH), the technological attributes and the residual effect of the 15N/34S of the SA. The greatest percentages of N and S arising from the SA were verified in the initial growth stages of the crop, with decreases at harvest. The nitrogen fertilization at planting provided for na increase in stalk production of the first ratoon. The recovery (kg ha-1) of the N and S of the fertilizer increased with the dose of SA; however, the use efficiency was the same. The utilization evaluated in the above ground part of the sugar cane was 37 kg ha-1 (50%) for N fertilizer and 2.6 kg ha-1 (3%) for the S fertilizer. Of the N and S fertilizer applied on the first ratoon and second ratoon, 3.8 kg ha-1 (5%) and 1.2 kg ha-1 (1.4%) was used respectively, on average
Oliveira, Silvana Ruella de. "Avaliação da espectrometria de absorção atômica com fonte contínua e de alta resolução no desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para diagnóstico foliar de cana-de-açucar e laranjeira /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102332.
Full textBanca: Joaquim de Araújo Nobrega
Banca : Ana Rita de Araújo Nogueira
Banca : Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
Banca : Cassiana Seimi Nomura
Resumo: A diagnose foliar é uma ferramenta para avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas, corrigir deficiências ou excessos de nutrientes, otimizar a produção e avaliar os requerimentos de fertilizantes. Desenvolver novas metodologias analíticas para determinações multielementares de macro (Ca, K, Mg, P e S) e micronutrientes (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn) em folhas de cana-de-açúcar e de laranjeira por espectrometria de absorção atômica com fonte contínua e de alta resolução (HR-CS FAAS) foi o objetivo deste trabalho. A determinação multielementar de Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg e K em folhas de cana-de-açúcar por HR-CS FAAS foi feita após digestão das folhas em forno de micro-ondas. Usando linhas atômicas principais para Cu (324,754 nm), Fe (248,327 nm), Mn (279,482 nm) e Zn (213,857 nm), linhas secundárias para Ca (239,856 nm) e K (404,414 nm) e linha adjacente (202,588 nm) a linha secundária (202,582 nm) para Mg, curvas analiticas nos intervalos 0,1-0,5 mg L−1 Cu, 0,5-4,0 mg L−1 Fe, 0,5-4,0 mg L−1 Mn, 0,2-1,0 mg L−1 Zn, 10,0-100,0 mg L−1 Ca, 5,0-40,0 mg L−1 Mg e 50,0-250,0 mg L−1 K foram obtidas. A interferência espectral causada pela molécula de NO na linha principal do Zn (213,857 nm) foi removida com correção pelo algoritmo dos mínimos quadrados (LSBC). Exatidão e precisão foram avaliadas pela análise de 5 materiais de referência certificados e os resultados foram concordantes ao nível de 95% de confiança. Folhas de cana-de-açúcar foram analisadas e os resultados foram próximos dos obtidos por LS FAAS. As recuperações variaram de 84-114% para todos os analitos. Os limites de detecção foram 0,6 mg L-1 Ca, 0,4 mg L-1 Mg, 0,4 mg L-1 K, 7,7 μg L-1 Cu, 7,7 μg L-1 Fe, 1,5 μg L-1 Mn e 5,9 μg L-1 Zn. Um preparo de amostras alternativo foi proposto para determinar B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S e Zn por HR-CS FAAS... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Foliar diagnosis is a tool for evaluating nutritional state of plants, correcting nutrient deficiencies or excesses, optimizing crop production and evaluating fertilizer requirements. The goal of this work was to develop new methodologies for multielement determination of macro (Ca, K, Mg, P and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) in sugarcane and orange leaves by high resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS). The multielement determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg and K in sugarcane leaves by HR-CS FAAS was carried out after microwave-assisted sample digestion. Using main lines for Cu (324.754 nm), Fe (248.327 nm), Mn (279.482 nm) and Zn (213.857 nm), secondary lines for Ca (239.856 nm) and K (404.414 nm), and side line (202.588 nm) at wing of secondary line (202.582 nm) for Mg, analytical curves in the 0.1-0.5 mg L−1 Cu, 0.5- 4.0 mg L−1 Fe, 0.5-4.0 mg L−1 Mn, 0.2-1.0 mg L−1 Zn, 10.0-100.0 mg L−1 Ca, 5.0-40.0 mg L−1 Mg e 50.0-250.0 mg L−1 K intervals were obtained. Spectral interference caused by NO molecule on the main line for Zn (213.857 nm) was removed with least squares background correction (LSBC). Accuracy and precision were evaluated by analysis of 5 certified reference materials and the results were in agreement at 95% confidence level. Sugarcane leaves were analyzed and the results were close to those obtained by LS FAAS. Recoveries varied from 84 to 114% for all analytes. The limits of detection were 0.6 mg L-1 Ca, 0.4 mg L-1 Mg, 0.4 mg L-1 K, 7.7 μg L-1 Cu, 7.7 μg L-1 Fe, 1.5 μg L-1 Mn and 5.9 μg L-1 Zn. An alternative sample preparation was proposed for determining B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S and Zn by HR-CS FAAS. Sugarcane and orange leaves were submitted to dry ashing and solubilized in hydrochloric acid. This digest was divided in 3: one for B, P and S determination; other for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Kim, Hak Jin. "Ion-selective electrodes for simultaneous real-time analysis for soil macronutrients." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4471.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Bachega, Ligia Pecoriello Saes [UNESP]. "Estudo fitossociológico e interferência das plantas daninhas na nutrição e produtividade do quiabeiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96855.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de se determinar os períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do quiabo cv. “Santa Cruz 47” e seus efeitos no acúmulo de macronutrientes da cultura. Os tratamentos consistiram em períodos crescentes de convivência e controle das plantas daninhas: aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 63, 77, 91 e 105 dias após a emergência (DAE), totalizando vinte e dois tratamentos, dispostos em blocos casualizados, com três repetições cada. As principais espécies de plantas daninhas responsáveis pela interferência na cultura foram Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica e Nicandra physaloide. A convivência do quiabeiro com as plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo de cultivo reduziu a produtividade da cultura em 95%. O período anterior à interferência foi de 57 DAE, enquanto o período total de prevenção à interferência foi de 14 DAE. Não houve período crítico de prevenção à interferência, sendo que um único controle das plantas daninhas entre 14 e 57 DAE é suficiente para prevenir a interferência na cultura do quiabo. A competição com plantas daninhas reduziu drasticamente o acúmulo de matéria seca pela cultura, assim como o acúmulo de macronutrientes
The experiment was carried out to determine the critical periods of interference of the weeds on the okra crop cv. “Santa Cruz 47” and the effects on macronutrients uptake. The treatments were weedy and weed-free increased weekly periods: at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 63, 77, 91 and 105 days after emergence (DAE), totaling twenty two treatments, arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications. The main weed species responsible for interference in culture were Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica and Nicandra physaloides. Coexistence of okra crop and weeds throughout the season reduced crop yield by 95%. Period before interference was 57 DAE, while total period of interference prevention was 14 DAE. There was no critical period of interference prevention, so that a single weed control between 14 and 57 DAE is sufficient for interference prevention in okra crop. The competition with weeds reduced the dry matter accumulation in culture, as well as the accumulation of nutrients
Stocco, Ana Paula. "ANÁLISE QUÍMICA DO LIXIVIADO DA ÁGUA DE XISTO EM UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO ESCURO DISTRÓFICO." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2009. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2076.
Full textIndustrial processes generate a series of products, often without applicability becomes waste that contribute to pollution of soil, air and water. Some products may be reused and / or processed into raw materials for other processes. In this context, analyzed the water of oil shale (a byproduct of the process of obtaining the oil shale) using an Instrumental techniques (UV / VIS; of Flame Photometry, Atomic Absorption, potentiometry) and Analytical (Permanganometria, complexometry with EDTA, Total Nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method). In water of shale it was found significant levels of some nutrients in the form elements available to the plant as the phosphate and sulfate, and total nitrogen content and high concentration of organic matter. The basic character of water in shale could assist in the correction of soil acidity. After testing of a column leaching in Oxisol in three different depths, the leachate was subjected to the same analysis for the water of oil shale. Data from atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed the shale of low water levels of calcium and magnesium, and concentrations of micronutrients such as zinc, manganese and iron, and low levels of lead, cadmium and chromium. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the form available to the plant were not detected. The analysis of the leachate showed that variation of pH was slightly acid, besides the reduction in the concentration of nitrogen, phosphate and sulfate and organic matter. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the form available to the plant that had not been detected before the percolation, the traditional methods of analysis, appear in the analysis of the leachate, indicating that the soil was removed during the process. Data of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy indicate significant withdrawal of calcium, magnesium and potassium for the three soil depths, and the most superficial layer was the one with a greater quantity of calcium and magnesium. Another element that has undergone leaching and the iron concentration was high, with the layer deeper water by the leaching of shale occurred with greater intensity. The manganese was leached soil at all depths, and the deepest layer presented the highest content. The zinc was leached in greater proportion in the most superficial layer. Lead, cadmium and chromium in the leachate remained virtually the same concentrations in the water of oil shale, indicating that they were not incorporated into the soil. The copper remained constant in its concentration compared to leachate water from shale In general, all soil cations were leached by ground water from shale.
Os processos industriais geram uma série de subprodutos, que muitas vezes sem aplicabilidade se tornam resíduos que contribuem na poluição do solo, do ar e da água. Alguns subprodutos podem ser reaproveitados e/ou transformados em matéria prima para outros processos. Nesse contexto, analisou-se a água de xisto (um subproduto do processo da obtenção do óleo de xisto) utilizando-se Técnicas Instrumentais (UV/VIS; Fotometria de Chama; Absorção Atômica; Potenciometria) e Analíticas (Permanganometria, Complexometria com EDTA, Nitrogênio Total pelo método de Kjeldahl). Na água de xisto verificou-se teores significativos de alguns elementos macronutrientes na forma disponível para a planta como o fosfato e o sulfato, além de teores de nitrogênio total e alta concentração de matéria orgânica. O caráter básico da água de xisto poderia auxiliar na correção da acidez do solo. Após ensaio de lixiviação em coluna de um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico em três profundidades diferentes, o percolado foi submetido às mesmas análises feitas para a água de xisto. Os dados de Espectroscopia de Absorção Atômica revelaram na água de xisto baixos teores de cálcio e magnésio, e concentrações de micronutrientes como zinco, manganês e ferro, além de baixos teores de chumbo, cádmio e cromo. Concentrações de cálcio, magnésio e potássio na forma disponível para a planta não foram detectadas na água de xisto. A análise do percolado demonstrou variação de pH que ficou ligeiramente ácido, além da redução na concentração de nitrogênio, sulfato e fosfato e matéria orgânica. Concentrações de cálcio, magnésio e potássio na forma disponível para a planta que não haviam sido detectadas antes da percolação, pelos métodos clássicos de análises, aparecem nas análises do percolado, indicando que foram retirados do solo durante o processo. Dados de Espectroscopia de Absorção Atômica indicam a retirada significativa de cálcio, magnésio e potássio do solo para as três profundidades, sendo que a camada mais superficial foi a que apresentou uma maior quantidade de cálcio e magnésio. Outro elemento que sofreu lixiviação e em alta concentração foi o ferro, sendo que na camada mais profunda a lixiviação pela água de xisto ocorreu com maior intensidade. O Manganês também foi lixiviado do solo em todas as profundidades, sendo que a camada mais profunda foi a que apresentou o teor mais elevado. O zinco foi lixiviado em maior proporção na camada mais superficial. Chumbo, cádmio e cromo se mantiveram no percolado praticamente nas mesmas concentrações que na água de xisto, indicando que os mesmos não foram incorporados ao solo. O cobre manteve sua concentração constante no percolado comparado à água de xisto de modo geral, todos os cátions do solo foram lixiviados do solo pela água de xisto. Palavras chave: espécies metálicas, macronutrientes, micronutrientes.
Terra, Juliana. "Potencialidade da aliança da espectroscopia de raios x e quimiometria na determinação de valor energetico e teores de alguns macronutrientes em amostras de farinhas para consumo humano." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248805.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: O valor energético (VE) é uma das informações obrigatórias que devem ser fornecidas no rótulo dos alimentos pré-embalados. O VE que aparece nos rótulos corresponde a uma relação dos teores de alguns macronutrientes (proteínas, gorduras e carboidratos) presentes na amostra. A determinação destes parâmetros é oficialmente feita a partir de procedimentos analíticos distintos e todos são laboriosos, lentos e geradores de resíduos. Em geral, envolvem o uso de reagentes (alguns tóxicos), além de provocarem a destruição da amostra. Esse trabalho apresenta modelos de calibração e validação para determinar o valor energético (calorias) e o teor de carboidratos e proteínas em amostras de extratos e farinhas de vegetais para consumo humano. A modelagem foi obtida através dos métodos PCA (análise por componentes principais) e PLS (regressão por quadrados mínimos parciais) para espectros de fluorescência de raios X de amostras com parâmetros conhecidos, determinados através de métodos convencionais. Amostras originadas do milho, mandioca, leite, trigo e soja, adquiridas em supermercados brasileiros, foram avaliadas. O método proposto não gera resíduos e não necessita de qualquer tipo de solvente ou reagente, atendendo às exigências da chamada ¿química verde¿. Além disso, a sua aplicação requer 0,2% do tempo necessário para a aplicação dos métodos convencionais. Os bons resultados da validação (erros menores que 14%) indicam que se trata de uma alternativa aos métodos analíticos convencionais, sendo muito atraente para análises de rotina, obedecendo à legislação vigente (portaria 42, resolução RDC 360, ANVISA), que permite erro máximo de 20%
Abstract: The energetic value (EV) is a quantitative information required on the labels of prepackaged foods. The EV appearing on the label corresponds to the sum of the energetic contributions from food macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats). The determinations of these parameters are based on distinct analytical procedures, each one being time-consuming, laborious and producing residues. In general, these methods involve the use of reagents (some toxic) besides destroying the samples. This work presents multivariate calibration and validation models to determine the energetic value, protein and carbohydrate contents of industrialized dried foods for human consumption. The modeling was obtained by using PCA (principal component analysis) and PLS (partial least squares regression) for X-ray fluorescence spectra of samples with known parameters, determined through conventional methods. Samples from corn, casava, milk, wheat and soy, purchased in Brazilian supermarkets, were investigated. The proposed method does not generate wastes and does not require any solvent or reagent, given the demands of the "green chemistry¿. Moreover, its application requires only 0.2% of the time necessary for the application of conventional methods. The good results of the validation process (errors less than 14%) indicate that this is an alternative to conventional analytical methods and is very attractive for routine analysis, according to current legislation (Executive Order 42, DRC resolution 360, ANVISA), which allows maximum errors of 20%
Doutorado
Quimica Analitica
Doutor em Ciências
Corcioli, Graciella. "Indução de deficiências nutricionais em mudas de mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3236.
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The african mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) is a high value forest essence in the international trade and of great potential to replace the Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), which is one of the most valuable commercial species in the world, but presents serious difficulties in its cultivation. Currently, little is known about the nutritional requirements of the african mahogany. In this sense, this study aimed to characterize and induce the symptoms of the deficiencies of macro nutriens (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur) and micro nutrients (iron, boron, copper, manganese, molybdenum and zinc) based on the diagnosis by the visual method and by means of chemical analysis on seedlings of african mahogany. In order to do that, two experiments were conducted with a nutritive solution with the following treatments: T1-Complete Solution; T2-Complete solution, with the omission of nitrogen; T3-complete solution, with the omission of phosphorus; T4-complete solution, with the omission of potassium, T5-complete solution, with the omission of calcium; T6-complete solution, with the omission of magnesium-T7 complete solution, with the omission of sulfur; T8-complete solution, with the omission of iron; T9-complete solution, with the omission of boron, T10-complete solution, with the omission of copper; T11-complete solution, with the omission of manganese; T12-complete solution, with the omission of zinc; T13-complete solution, with the omission of molybdenum and T14-Witness (deionized water). In Experiment 1 the evaluations were carried from the emergence of seedlings obtained by seed that were put to germinate in coarse washed sand and irrigated with deionized water until sixty days after sowing, starting then to receive daily 200 ml of nutrient solution. The experimental design used was completely randomized with fourteen treatments and ten replications. The dendrological data and the visual symptoms were described and photographed every fifteen days from the initial stage until they became well defined at 210 days. In Experiment 2 the evaluations were carried from commercial seedlings ready for the field planting, which were removed from the 180 cm3 tubes and transferred to the plastic tubes with capacity for 4.8 L, containing coarse washed sand as substrate. These seedlings remained in the greenhouse for fifteen days, just being irrigated with deionized water. After this period the process of rustification of the seedlings was begun to subsequently start up the daily irrigation with 200 ml of nutrient solution, described in the Experiment 1. The experimental design used was completely randomized with fourteen treatments and ten replications. The dendrological data and the visual symptoms were described and photographed every fifteen days from the initial stage until they became well defined, at 220 days. At forty days after the start of the irrigation with nutrient solutions,the first visual symptoms begin to revel, with easy visualization and characterization. In Experiment 1 isolated omissions of macronutrients and micronutrients respective induces deficiency symptoms associated with smaller contents (except Cu and Mg), but only the absence of N, P, Fe, Cu and B significantly affect plant development. In Experiment 2 the plants from seedlings ready for planting the development is affected only by the omission of N in the nutrient solution, showing deficiency symptoms and smaller contents of the element. The omissions of the other nutrients reaches their induce mild symptoms of nutritional deficiency typical and lower foliar Ca and Fe only.
O mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis) é uma essência florestal de alto valor no comércio internacional e de grande potencial para substituir o mogno brasileiro (Swietenia macrophylla), que é uma das espécies de maior valor comercial do mundo, mas apresenta sérias dificuldades em seu cultivo. Atualmente, pouco se conhece a respeito das exigências nutricionais do mogno africano. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de induzir e caracterizar os sintomas de deficiências de macronutrientes (nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e enxofre) e micronutrientes (ferro, boro, cobre manganês, zinco e molibdênio), através do diagnóstico pelo método visual e por meio de análise química em mudas de mogno africano. Para isso, realizaram-se dois experimentos com solução nutritiva, com os seguintes tratamentos: T1-Solução completa; T2-Solução completa, com omissão de nitrogênio; T3-Solução completa, com omissão de fósforo; T4-Solução completa, com omissão de potássio; T5-Solução completa, com omissão de cálcio; T6-Solução completa, com omissão de magnésio; T7-Solução completa, com omissão de enxofre; T8-Solução completa, com omissão de ferro; T9-Solução completa, com omissão de boro; T10-Solução completa, com omissão de cobre; T11-Solução completa, com omissão de manganês; T12-Solução completa, com omissão de zinco; T13-Solução completa, com omissão de molibdênio e T14-testemunha (água deionizada). No Experimento 1 as avaliações foram realizadas a partir da emergência das plântulas obtidas de sementes, que foram colocadas para germinar em areia grossa lavada e irrigadas com água deionizada até os sessenta dias após a semeadura, quando passaram a receber 200 ml de solução nutritiva diariamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatorze tratamentos e dez repetições. Os dados dendrológicos e os sintomas visuais foram descritos e fotografados a cada quinze dias desde o estágio inicial até tornarem-se bem definidos, aos 210 dias. No Experimento 2 as avaliações foram realizadas a partir de mudas comerciais prontas para o plantio no campo, retiradas dos tubetes de 180 cm3 e transferidas para tubetes com capacidade para 4,8 L, contendo como substrato areia grossa lavada. Essas mudas permaneceram em casa de vegetação por quinze dias, sendo irrigadas apenas com água deionizada. Após esse período iniciou-se o processo de rustificação das mudas para, posteriormente, iniciar-se a irrigação diária com 200 ml de solução nutritiva, descritas para o Experimento 1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatorze tratamentos e dez repetições. Os dados dendrológicos e os sintomas visuais foram descritos e fotografados a cada quinze dias desde o estágio inicial até tornarem-se bem definidos, aos 220 dias. Aos quarenta dias após o início da irrigação com as soluções nutritivas, os primeiros sintomas visuais começam a se evidenciar, sendo de fácil visualização e caracterização. No Experimento 1 as omissões isoladas dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes induzem respectivos sintomas visuais de deficiência associados a menores teores foliares (exceto de Mg e Cu), mas somente as ausências de N, P, Fe, B e Cu afetam significativamente o desenvolvimento das plantas. No Experimento 2 as plantas oriundas de mudas prontas para o plantio tem o desenvolvimento afetado apenas pela omissão de N na solução nutritiva, exibindo sintomas visuais de deficiência e menores teores foliares do elemento. As omissões dos demais nutrientes chegam a induzir sintomas leves de deficiência nutricional característicos e menores teores foliares apenas de Ca e Fe.
Neto, Ana Paula. "Metabolismo do nitrogênio e concentração de nutrientes no cafeeiro irrigado em razão da dose de N." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-18022010-140953/.
Full textThe nitrogen fertilization and its implication in the nitrogen metabolism of coffee plants are not well known in high technology production under field conditions with autumn-winter average temperatures above 22 º C and a larger photoperiod. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and urease activity due to nitrogen fertilization rates (without N, 200, 400, 600 e 800 kg ha-1). In the present work was evaluated also the influence of nitrogen rates on total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, chlorophylls and carotenoids concentration in the leaves, the variation of macro and micronutrients as well as the correlationship between coffee yield and nitrogen fertilization rates. Moreover, the goal of this study was to identify the period of peak activity of nitrate reductase. The experiment was carried out at western of Bahia State and Piracicaba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The periods of evaluations were plant growth, anthesis, pin head fruits, filling and maturation fruits stage development. The highest nitrate reductase activity occurred with 800 kg ha-1 N supply and no changes on this enzyme were observed regarding other rates. Therefore, the nitrogen rates did not affect the glutamine synthetase and urease activity. The nitrate and ammonium concentration did not increase with nitrogen rates; however, the aminoacids concentration increased due to nitrogen fertilization rates. The highest activity of nitrate reductase was observed at 12:00h during plant growth and filling fruits stage development. On the other hand, the higher activity of glutamine synthetase and urease were during filling fruits stage. The highest nitrate concentration was detected during between pin head and beginning of filling fruits stage, and the highest ammonium concentration was during end of filling fruits stage development. The peak activity of nitrate reductase was 25 days after nitrogen fertilization. The high nitrogen rates did not affect the macro and micronutrients concentration in the leaves. The greater coffee yield was provided with 400kg ha-1 of nitrogen supply.
MARTINS, Carla Andreia da Cunha. "Manejo da cobertura do solo e aduba??o com P e S na cultura da mandioquinha-salsa." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2361.
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CNPq
Population in general is getting more interested in consuming healthy food. Alternative eco-agricultural cropping practices are being emphasized, thanks to the benefits to sustainable agricultural and environment systems. Management of organic and mineral fertilizers, in search of nutrient efficiency, is directly related to environmental, social and economical issues. As plants become more efficient to absorb nutrients, the farmer can count on better products quality and, consequently, to better economic results. The experiments described in the chapters one and two of this study were conducted, respectively, in Fazenda C?rrego Frio and in Fazenda Santo Ant?nio de Estrela, both in Nova Friburgo municipality, Rio de Janeiro State. The first one was accomplished in partnership with Pesagro-Nova Friburgo, and it aimed to evaluate the production of the arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) plant associated with covering plants. The experimental design was of random blocks with four repetitions, and four management treatments: conventional (control), spontaneous vegetation, black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), and consortium black oats + Villosa villosa. The arracacha variety tested in both studies was the ?Amarela de Caranda?? (AC). The results showed that in the treatments with oats and oat + Villosa villosa, the accumulation of dry mass in the plant and their parts was smallest. The production of commercial roots was higher at 12 months after the planting (MAP) for the conventional and spontaneous vegetation treatments. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the yield of the arracacha crop submitted to increasing doses of phosphorus, with two sources of the fertilizer. The experimental design was of randomly blocks with 4 repetitions and 12 treatments, that consisted of 2 phosphorous sources (simple super phosphate and rock phosphate), and 6 phosphorous doses (0 - without phosphorus - control), 40, 80, 120, 240 and 480 kg P2O5 ha-1). The largest production of total and commercial roots was verified in the treatments with rock phosphate as source of P. The highest total levels of sulfur in the plants were found in the treatments with simple super phosphate. Concerning the accumulation of total nutrients, it was observed a similarity between the two sources of phosphorous. A third experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, located in Serop?dica municipality - RJ. The experimental design was of randomly blocks with four repetitions and six treatments. The treatments consisted of increasing doses of gypsum (CaSO4H2O) as following: 12.5; 25; 50; 100; 200 kg ha-1 of S and a control without gypsum. The soil material was sampled from an Udult soil and the cultivated variety was ?Amarela de Senador Amaral? (ASA). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the sulphur addition in the crop yield. There were determinate: plant dry matter weight; and the levels of N, P, K and S in the plant tissue. The highest doses of S increased the dry matter accumulated in leaves + petioles. Concerning the sulfur accumulation, it was dose dependent for the three parts of the arracacha plant. Despite the conditions in which this research was conducted (greenhouse), it was possible to conclude preliminarily that the ASA is responsive to sulphur fertilization.
O interesse pelo consumo de alimentos saud?veis vem despertando maior aten??o da popula??o. Pr?ticas altenativas de cultivo visando ? agricultura agroecol?gica v?m se destacando em fun??o da sustentabilidade dos sistemas agr?colas e ambientais. O manejo dos fertilizantes org?nicos e minerais buscando a efici?ncia de uso de nutrientes est? diretamente relacionado a quest?es de import?ncia social, econ?mica e ambiental. O melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes pelas plantas, consequentemente, levar? a uma melhor qualidade da produ??o agr?cola e uma maior rentabilidade para o produtor rural. Os experimentos referentes aos cap?tulos um e dois foram instalados na Fazenda C?rrego Frio e na Fazenda Santo Ant?nio de Estrela, em Nova Friburgo ? RJ. O primeiro trabalho em parceria com a Pesagro-Nova Friburgo, objetivou o estudo da produ??o da mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) consorciada com plantas de cobertura. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es e quatro tratamentos de manejo: convencional (testemunha), vegeta??o espont?nea, aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) e cons?rcio aveia-preta+ervilhaca (Vicia villosa). A variedade usada foi Amarela de Caranda? (AC). Os resultados mostraram que os ac?mulos de massa seca na planta e nas suas partes foram menores nos tratamentos com aveia e aveia + ervilhaca. A produ??o de ra?zes comerciais foi maior aos 12 meses ap?s plantio (MAP) para o tratamento convencional e vegeta??o espont?nea. O ac?mulo de nutrientes de modo geral foi maior nos tratamentos convencional e vegeta??o espont?nea aos 12 MAP. O segundo experimento objetivou avaliar a resposta da mandioquinha-salsa a doses crescentes de f?sforo, com duas fontes do fertilizante fosfatado. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com 4 repeti??es e 12 tratamentos, os tratamentos constaram de 2 fontes de f?sforo (superfosfato simples, SS; e fosfato de rocha, FR) e 6 doses de f?sforo (40, 80, 120, 240 e 480 kg P2O5 ha-1) e uma testemunha. A variedade usada foi AC. A maior produ??o de ra?zes totais e ra?zes comerciais foi verificada nos tratamentos com a fonte de P, FR. Os maiores teores totais de enxofre nas plantas foram encontrados nos tratamentos com SS. No ac?mulo de nutrientes totais observou-se semelhan?a nas respostas das duas fontes de f?sforo estudadas. Um terceiro estudo foi realizado em casa-de-vegeta??o no Departamento de Solos-IA da UFRRJ, em Serop?dica ? RJ. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es e seis tratamentos. Os tratamentos constaram de doses de gesso (CaSO4.H2O) a seguir: 12,5; 25; 50; 100; 200 kg ha-1 de S e, uma testemunha. O material de solo usado foi de um Argissolo Amarelo e a variedade cultivada foi a Amarela de Senador Amaral (ASA). O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da mandioquinha-salsa ? aduba??o sulfatada. As determina??es foram: peso de mat?ria seca da planta e teores de N, P, K e S no tecido vegetal. O ac?mulo de mat?ria seca de folhas + pec?olos aumentou em fun??o das doses crescentes de enxofre. Quanto ao ac?mulo de enxofre houve resposta em fun??o das doses nas tr?s partes da planta de mandioquinha-salsa. Em uma conclus?o pr?via, por ser o trabalho conduzido em casa-de-vegeta??o, a ASA responde ? aduba??o sulfatada.
Pinto, Juliana Alexandre [UNIFESP]. "Inadequação da ingestão de nutrientes em idosos: resultados do estudo EPIDOSO." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/11600/41885.
Full textINTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento populacional está ocorrendo em todo o mundo, trazendo grandes desafios políticos, econômicos e sociais para o Setor Saúde. Neste contexto, inadequações nutricionais podem comprometer significativamente a saúde e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a inadequação de nutrientes em idosos e a associação dessa inadequação com fatores demográficos, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e número de atividades de vida diárias comprometidas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, aninhado a uma coorte de idosos do projeto EPIDOSO II. Foram incluídos no estudo 596 idosos que responderam ao recordatório de 24 horas. Foram criadas variáveis indicadoras (sim/não) de inadequação das variáveis nutricionais (energia, carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios, fibras, álcool, vitaminas A, B2, C, D, cálcio, ferro, zinco e sódio). Determinamos um critério de adequação ou inadequação nutricional, onde a soma de sete ou mais inadequações das variáveis nutricionais indicaria inadequação nutricional. Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre inadequação nutricional e as variáveis independentes. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados indivíduos com idade ≥ a 60 anos, sendo 412 mulheres e 184 homens, com idade média de 72,3 anos (dp=7,4 anos), o IMC médio encontrado para essa população foi de 27,3 kg/m2 (dp=4,8), 59,1% dos indivíduos foram classificados como inadequação nutricional. A análise de regressão logística múltipla mostrou associação positiva entre inadequação nutricional e sexo masculino (OR=1,60; IC95% [1,11; 2,31]; p=0,011), idade em anos (o acréscimo de 1 ano de idade aumenta a chance em 1,036; p=0,003), estado conjugal separado (OR=2,12; IC95% [1,14; 3,92]; p=0,017) e ter número de atividades de vida diárias comprometidas (OR=1,55; IC95% [1,07; 2,24]; p=0,020). CONCLUSÃO: Inadequação nutricional relacionou-se com fatores demográficos e comprometimento funcional. Conhecer os fatores que se relacionam com inadequações nutricionais são de fundamental importância para o planejamento de políticas de saúde em nutrição.
INTRODUCTION: Population aging is occurring all over the world, bringing major political, economic and social challenges to the Health Sector. In this context, nutritional inadequacies can significantly compromise the health and quality of life of the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inadequacy of nutrients in the elderly and its association with demographic factors, chronic non communicable diseases and number of compromised daily life activities. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, nested with a cohort of elderly individuals from the EPIDOSO II project. The study included 596 elderly individuals who responded to the 24-hour recall. Nutritional variables (energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibers, alcohol, vitamins A, B2, C, D, calcium, iron, zinc and sodium) were used as indicators of the inadequacy of nutritional variables. We determined a criterion of nutritional adequacy or inadequacy, where the sum of seven or more inadequacies of the nutritional variables points to nutritional inadequacy. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between nutritional inadequacy and independent variables. RESULTS: Individuals aged ≥ 60 years, 412 women and 184 men, with a mean age of 72.3 years (sd=7.4), the mean BMI found was 27.3 kg/m2 (sd=4.8), 59.1% of individuals were classified as having nutritional inadequacy. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between nutritional inadequacy and males (OR=1.60; 95%CI [1.11; 2.31]; p=0.011), age in years (an increase of 1 year of age increases the odds in 1.036; p=0.003), a separate marital status (OR= 2.12; 95%CI [1.14; 3.92]; p=0.017) and to have at least one compromised daily life activity (OR=1.55; 95%CI [1.07; 2.24]; p=0.020). CONCLUSION: Nutritional inadequacy was related to demographic factors and functional impairment. Knowing the factors that relate to nutritional inadequacies are of fundamental importance for the planning of health policies in nutrition.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Stroster, John A. "Meta-Analytic Assessment of Blood Lipid Response to Dietary Manipulation of Macronutrient Distribution." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293605.
Full textHada, Fabricio Hirota [UNESP]. "Envolvimento da proteína, carboidrato, lipídio e selênio sobre as alterações metabólicas e bioquímicas em frangos submetidos ao calor." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96568.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo do trabalho foi averiguar quais seriam as possíveis alterações metabólicas e bioquímicas, principalmente relacionadas à capacidade antioxidante muscular, quando frangos de corte são submetidos a diferentes alterações nos macronutrientes e da adição do selênio na dieta, bem como o desempenho de frangos de corte ao serem submetidas ao estresse térmico de calor de forma aguda. Foram utilizados pintos de corte de um dia de idade, criados até o 7º dia com dieta comercial, no 8° dia as aves foram submetidas às dietas experimentais. A alteração realizada na proteína causou maior influência sobre o desempenho e nos cortes comerciais, quando comparados com as alterações no carboidrato e lipídeo. A adição de selênio influenciou positivamente a viabilidade criatória em aves arraçoadas com baixa proteína, porém não influenciou o rendimento de carcaça, peito, coxa+sobre-coxa. Estas alterações causam alterações metabólicas e bioquímicas nos frangos, sendo que o nível protéico causou grande impacto sobre os níveis de triglicérides e ácido úrico. Frangos submetidos a estresse por calor apresentaram alterações nas concentrações dos metabólitos plasmáticos, e na atividade da catalase em aves arraçoadas com diferentes alterações na dieta. A adição de selênio não influenciou os parâmetros sanguíneos dos 14 aos 42 dias de idade, porém houve influência no ácido úrico aos 28 dias, triglicérides, ácido úrico e CK aos 35 dias e para glicose aos 42 dias quando as aves foram submetidas a estresse por calor. Mas não houve efeito sobre a catalase, superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase, mas observou-se influência sobre o TBARS.
The objective of the work was to check out which would be the possible metabolic and biochemical alterations, mainly those concerning the muscular anti-oxidant capacity as a broiler chicken is submitted to different changes in the nutrients, and the addition of selenium in the diet, as well as the performance of the broiler chicken being submitted to an acute heating stress. It was used broilers with one day of life, raised up to their seventh day with a conventional diet at the eight; the birds were submitted to experimental diets. The change brought about in protein impacted somewhat the performance and the commercial cuts, if compared with the alterations in the carbohydrate and lipids. The selenium addition influenced positively the breeding viability in birds feed with low protein, however the influences over the carcass yield, trunk and legs were not significant. This different changes gave rise to both metabolic and biochemical in broiler. The protein levels offered great impact on the levels of uric acid, triglycerides. Broilers submitted to stress due to heat presented alterations in the concentrations of the plasmatic metabolites, and also in the catalase in birds fed with different alterations in their diets. The addition of the selenium didn’t influence the sanguineous parameters from the 14th to the 42nd days of age. However, there was a change in the uric acid at the 28 days, triglycerides, uric acid and CK at the 35th days. As to the glucose, at the 42nd days as the birds were stressed by the heat. However did not alter the catalase enzymes, superóxide dismutase and glutationa peroxidase but an influence was held once the TBARS.
Cruz, Fabiano Andrei Bender da [UNESP]. "Produtividade e componentes de produção do milho safrinha no cerrado em função de nitrogênio, cobre, manganês e fungicida." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106194.
Full textApesar de o milho apresentar um elevado potencial produtivo, vários fatores influenciam sua produtividade. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar alguns dos componentes de produção e a produtividade da cultura em função da adubação nitrogenada via solo e da aplicação de fungicida, cobre e manganês via foliar na cultura do milho. Os experimentos, com quatro repetições, em blocos casualizados e arranjo fatorial 2x2x2x2 (dois níveis de N, fungicida, cobre e manganês), foi conduzido em Chapadão do Sul - MS, em solo de textura argilosa, nos anos 2007 e 2008. A altura de plantas no florescimento e o número de fileiras de grãos por espiga não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos em ambos os anos de estudo. Para a adubação nitrogenada, houve efeito significativo para os componentes de produção avaliados, sendo o diâmetro de colmo aumentado em 2008 e o diâmetro de espiga e a massa de 100 grãos aumentados em ambos os anos. As doses de nitrogênio aumentaram os teores foliares deste elemento em 2007 e não influenciaram a severidade de doenças em ambos os anos. O uso de fungicida aumentou os teores foliares de nitrogênio, diminuiu a severidade de doenças e aumentou a produtividade em 2007 e 2008, apesar da inexistência de correlação significativa entre severidade e produtividade. A pulverização com sulfato de cobre e sulfato de manganês não influenciou os teores foliares destes elementos, os componentes de produção, exceto para a aplicação de cobre associado ao manganês na ausência de fungicida e na dose de 40 kg ha-1 de N em 2008. Houve efeito depressivo no comprimento de espiga, sem, contudo afetar a produtividade da cultura do milho safrinha e, a aplicação de manganês que aumentou o diâmetro de espiga em 2008. A produtividade de grãos de milho foi incrementada pelo uso de fungicida em ambos os anos e pela adubação nitrogenada no ano de 2008
Although corn has a high productive potential, several factors influence its productivity. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate some of the components of production and crop yield as a function of nitrogen in the soil and the fungicide, copper and manganese foliar application on corn. The experiment with four replications in randomized blocks and factorial 2x2x2x2 (two levels of N, fungicide, copper and manganese), was conducted in Chapadão do Sul - MS in clayey soil in the years 2007 and 2008. Plant height at flowering and the lines number per ear were not affected by treatments in both years of study. For nitrogen, there was a significant effect on yield components evaluated, and the stem diameter increased in 2008, ear diameter and the mass of one hundred grains increased in both years. The doses of nitrogen increased the leaf contents of this element in 2007 and did not influence disease severity in both years. The use of fungicide increased the concentration of leaf nitrogen, decreased the severity of disease and increased productivity in 2007 and 2008, despite the lack of significant correlation between severity and yield. Spraying with copper sulphate and manganese chelate did not influence the leaf content of these elements, as well a yield components, except for the application of copper associated with manganese in the absence of fungicide at 40 kg ha-1 N in 2008. There was a restrictive effect on ear length, but without affecting the yield of corn grown in no season, and the application of manganese increased the diameter of the ear in 2008. The grain yield of corn was increased by the use of fungicide in both years and fertilization in the year 2008
Adame, Andressa. "Análise direta de folhas de soja por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido por laser (LIBS) e por fluorescência de raios X dispersiva em energia (EDXRF)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-07032019-115436/.
Full textThe determination of macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Mo, Cl and Ni) in plant leaves is recommended to evaluate the nutritional status of crops of economic interest. Traditional analysis involves microwave-assisted acidic digestion the plant material, followed by determination of the elements by ICP OES. In this thesis, two multielemental techniques were evaluated to access the nutritional status of the soybean crop quickly: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EXDRF). Microchemical maps were built using a LIBS system constituted by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 5 ns, 360 mJ, 10 Hz) and a spectrometer with Echelle optics and ICCD detector, and a benchtop micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (?-EDXRF Orbis PC, EDAX) with Rh X-ray tube (50 kV, 50 W) and SDD. The elemental distributions of Mg, Ca, P, S and K were evaluated in order to guide and define a sampling strategy for direct analysis of soybean leaves. Maps indicated that intrinsic micro-heterogeneity of the elements evaluated in the sample is significant and there are variations in the leaf composition, between plants of the same treatment and between leaflets of the same plant. These factors were considered critical in defining a single sampling strategy that could encompass and circumvent the possible effects caused by them. Thus, it was decided to sample the largest possible area, without privileging any specific region of the leaf. A proof of concept was carried out using LIBS for foliar diagnosis of soybean. As the dry leaves of soybean presented low mechanical resistance, 30 fresh leaves of soybean were analyzed by LIBS, employing 25 laser pulses per line in the rastering mode, 12 lines per leaflet and 3 leaflets per plant. The obtained results were promising in order to prove technical and practical feasibility in using LIBS for direct analysis of fresh leaves of soybean. Analyzes of fresh leaves were also performed using a portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Tracer III-SD, Bruker) equipped with Rh X-ray tube (4W, 50 kV, 4.5 mm diameter of X-ray beam) and SDD. The nutritional status of plants grown under controlled conditions, with good supply of nutrients (control treatment) and with phosphorus-induced deficiency were evaluated. Good correlations were obtained for P (r = 0.838) and Zn (r = 0.888), which allow to infer that EDXRF can be recommended for the quantification of these nutrients in the field. The detected signals of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, P, S, Si, Zn and Rh (Compton scattering) allowed the classification of samples into groups using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA scores and loadings graphs showed: i) the separation into two sample groups (control and P deficient), and ii) which elements were responsible for this separation. So, PCA constitutes an alternative method to quantitative analysis and it can be used with EDXRF in order to identify and classify soybean samples as healthy or P deficient. Thus, from the results obtained in this thesis, it can be concluded that both techniques, LIBS and EDXRF, have the potential to evaluate the nutritional status of soybean in real time, in situ and with minimal sample treatment. However, in order to achieve quantitative results, different sampling and calibration strategies should be carefully evaluated aiming to overcome the challenges presented here and circumvent the drawbacks of soybean leaves, such as the nonhomogeneous distribution of the elements and the low mechanical resistance when leaves are dried
Borges, Lurdineide de Araújo Barbosa. "Atributos químicos, acúmulo de carbono e nitrogênio e nutrição da cana-de-açúcar orgânica em Latossolo de Cerrado." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4198.
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There were studied attributes related to sugarcane production in the organic cultivation system aiming to evaluate the efficiency of this system. There were evaluated the soil fertility, the nutrition and productivity of sugarcane and the impacts of the production system on the stocks of carbon and nitrogen on soil. There were analyzed the following attributes of soil fertility: organic matter (OM), soil chemical reaction (pH), potential acidity (H+Al), aluminum (Al3+), sulfur (S), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V), aluminum saturation (m), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). In order to establish the crop nutritional status and its productivity: total number and total production of stalks, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) e and C/N ratio of the plants, straw production, production of dry matter and the extraction of P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. The impact of sugarcane cultivation on the soil was evaluated through the soil density (Sd), content and stocks of carbon and nitrogen on soil. Regarding the fertility and nutritional status of sugarcane it was studied the following chronosequence of cultivated areas in the organic system: Org.0 – area cultivated under conventional system, representing the beginning of the organic system cultivation; Org.2 – area cultivated for 2 years in the organic system; Org.6 – area cultivated for 6 years in the organic system; Org.10 – area cultivated for 10 years in the organic system. There were evaluated also two different situations that may occur in any production system: one area where it occurred an accidental burn, Org.2Q – area cultivated for two years in the organic system with an accidental burn and other area where the sugarcane plantation was grown for twelve years and since then it was not reformed and replanted, being cultivated for ten years in the organic system - Org.10SR. In the study of impact of sugarcane cultivation on soil it was excluded the area Org.6 because the clay content in this area was inferior to the others. One area of native cerrado (CN) was used as reference for the calculated stocks of carbon and nitrogen. The soil (Oxisol), and plant samples, were collected in plantations belonging to Usina Jalles Machado, Goianésia – GO. The design was entirely randomized with five repetitions. The soil was collected in the following depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20-, 20-30, 30-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm, December 2010. The vegetal tissue was collected in February 2011. The organic cultivation was found more efficient than the conventional one of sugarcane. There was a rise up on the levels of fertility of the soil and of productivity. The extraction of nutrients of the soil was higher in the organic areas, which require special management of fertilizing to avoid weakening of the soil. Regarding the tillering and productivity, it was verified that in the beginning of the conversion to the organic system, after two years, there was reduction of tillering, however with no compromising of the final productivity of the plantation. The plants cultivated in the organic system absorbed more nutrients than in the conventional system. The soil density reduced highly in the superficial layers. In the organic system the carbon stocks raised considerably in relation to the conventional cultivation.
Foram estudados atributos relacionados à produção da cana-de-açúcar no sistema orgânico com o intuito de avaliar a eficiência desse sistema. Avaliou-se a fertilidade do solo, a nutrição e produtividade da cana-de-açúcar e os impactos do sistema de produção sobre os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio no solo. Analisaram-se os seguintes atributos: matéria orgânica (MO), pH do solo (pH), acidez potencial (H+Al), alumínio (Al3+), enxofre (S), capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), saturação de bases (V), saturação de alumínio (m), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg). Para caracterizar o estado nutricional da cultura e a produtividade: número total de colmos, produção total de colmos, carbono (C), nitrogênio (N) e a relação C/N das plantas, produção de palhada, produção de matéria seca e a extração de P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu e Mn. O impacto do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo foi avaliado por meio da densidade do solo (Ds) e os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio no solo. Na fertilidade e no estado nutricional da cana estudou-se a seguinte cronossequência de canaviais: Org.0 - área cultivada em sistema convencional, representando o início do sistema de cultivo orgânico; Org.2 - área cultivada há dois anos no sistema orgânico; Org.6 - área cultivada há seis anos no sistema orgânico; Org.10 - área cultivada há dez anos no sistema orgânico. Avaliaram-se também: uma área onde ocorreu uma queima acidental, Org.2Q - área cultivada há dois anos no sistema orgânico com uma queima acidental e outra área onde o canavial foi plantado há doze anos e desde então não foi reformada, sendo cultivada há dez anos no sistema orgânico - Org.10SR. No estudo do impacto do cultivo da cana sobre o solo foi excluída a área Org.6 porque o teor de argila nessa área foi inferior às demais. Uma área de cerrado nativo (CN) foi usada como referência para os cálculos corrigidos dos estoques de carbono e nitrogênio. As amostras de solo (Latossolo Vermelho) e de planta foram coletadas em canaviais pertencentes à Usina Jalles Machado, em Goianésia – GO. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. O solo foi coletado nas seguintes profundidades: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20-, 20-30, 30-40, 40-60, 60-80 e 80-100 cm, em dezembro de 2010. O tecido vegetal foi coletado em fevereiro de 2011. O cultivo orgânico da cana-de-açúcar foi melhor do que o cultivo convencional. Houve aumento nos níveis de fertilidade do solo e na produtividade do canavial. A extração de nutrientes do solo foi maior nas áreas orgânicas, as quais requerem manejo especial da adubação para evitar o empobrecimento dos solos. Quanto ao perfilhamento e produtividade do canavial, verificou-se que no início da conversão para o sistema orgânico, após dois anos, houve redução do perfilhamento, mas sem comprometer a produtividade final do canavial. As plantas cultivadas no sistema orgânico absorveram mais nutrientes do que cultivo convencional e a densidade do solo reduziu-se sensivelmente nas camadas superficiais. No sistema de cultivo orgânico os estoques de carbono aumentaram consideravelmente em relação ao cultivo convencional.
Frandoloso, Jucenei Fernando. "Acúmulo de nutrientes e crescimento do pinhão manso no oeste do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1443.
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The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth, the gait of absorption and accumulation of nutrients and the crop yield of jatropha in the western region of Paraná. For production of seedlings we used seeds coming from Dourados - MS, planting a seed in each tub of 120 cm3 of substrate. The time of formation of the seedlings was 60 days after sowing. The field experiment was carried out in the period of December 2009 to December 2011, in spaced of 3 x 2 , in an Oxisol dystrophic anagen bulbs (O D A) at the experimental station of Pato Bragado PR, belonging to the core of experimental stations of the State University of Paraná, under the geographical coordinates 24 39 43 S e 54 15 53 W and altitude of 247 meters. During the experimental conduction the fertilization of coverage with 40 kg ha -1 of N and 40 kg ha -1 of K 2 O annually. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replicates, and it used a plant of each block every 90, 180, 270, 360, 450, 540, 630 and 72 days after transplanting (DAT) which after the measures that were not destroyed were cut close to the soil and separated in leafs, stems, petioles and flower and fruit, and put up for drying. The assessments of the growth of the plants consisted of the measure of the height of the plant, the stem diameter number of leafs, area of the cup, mass of dry leaves, petiole, branches and fruits, when present, determination of leaf area LA, rate of absolute and relative growth (RAG and RRG), reason of leaf area (RLA), reason weight of leaf (RWL), and leaf area index (LAI). For the chemical analysis of nutrients, representative samples of the different components of the plant were passed in mill type Willye and stored for future determination of mineral elements. For determination of the total quantity of nutrients accumulated in each part of the plant the concentration of each nutrient was multiplied by the mass of the dry material of the said component in each time of sampling. The monitoring of fruit production, was performed in additional area, in 32 selected plants. The analysis data of growth, of dry material, concentration and accumulation of nutrients in each component were submitted to statistical analysis using the program Sigmaplot12. The cultivation of jatropha presents linear growth in height and diameter of the base in the early years of cultivation. The jatropha curcas has a period of vegetative rest well defined, and it is in the months of March to September; the greatest mass of dry leaves, mass of petiole and the highest number of leaves occur in the month of December of each year along with the largest leaf area with increments of more than 100% in this parameter from one year to another, the absolute growth rate (and the leaf area index (LAI) exhibit higher values at the end of each year, the relative growth rate, ratio of leaf area and the reason weight of leaves have higher values at the beginning of each year; the production of jatropha shows values of 93 g per plant at 18 months of age, with harvest period in the months of January to July in the region. The total accumulation of macronutrients followed the following descending order K, Ca,N,Mg,P,S. The macronutrients P, K, and Mg present redistribution to the stem in the period of leaf senescence. In the fruits (seed + shell) the order of accumulation was N,K,Ca, P, Mg, S. The total accumulation of micronutrients obeyed the following order: Mn, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mo and in ripe fruits the order was: Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Mo. The micronutrients Cu, Zn and Fe present redistribution to the stem in the period of leaf senescence. The export of macronutrients by fruits is high, and is needed 199,69 and 306 kg ha-1, of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, respectively for the production of 4000 g/plant in a population of 1667 plants ha-1. The recommendations for fertilization of coverage in the western region of Paraná must be carried out in the period from September to march, depending on the water regime it is suggested to use formulated with the relationship N:P 2 O 5 , K 2 O of 2,88:1,0:4,4.
O objetivo do trabalho foi de avaliar o crescimento, a marcha de absorção e acúmulo de nutrientes e a produtividade da cultura do pinhão manso na região oeste do Paraná. Para produção das mudas utilizou-se sementes procedentes de Dourados-MS sendo plantada uma semente por tubete de 120 cm 3 de substrato. O tempo de formação das mudas foi de 60 dias após semeadura. O experimento foi conduzido a campo no período de dezembro de 2009 a dezembro 2011, em espaçamento 3 x 2 m, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd) na Estação Experimental de Pato Bragado-PR, pertencente ao Núcleo de Estações Experimentais da Universidade Estadual do Paraná, sob as coordenadas geográficas 24°39 43 S e 54°15 53 W, e altitude de 247 m. Durante a condução do experimento foi realizada adubação de cobertura com 40 kg ha -1 de N e 40 kg ha -1 de K 2 O anualmente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos com quatro repetições, sendo utilizada uma planta de cada bloco aos 90, 180, 270, 360, 450, 540, 630 e 720 dias após o transplantio (DAT), as quais após as medidas não destrutivas foram cortadas rente ao solo e separadas em folhas, caule, pecíolos e inflorescência e frutos, e postas para secar. As avaliações do crescimento das plantas consistiram da medida da altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, número de folhas, área da copa, massa de matéria seca de folhas, pecíolo, ramos e frutos, quando presentes, determinação da área foliar (AF), taxa de crescimento absoluto e relativo (TCA e TCR), razão de área foliar (RAF), razão peso de folha (RPF) e índice de área foliar (IAF). Para a análise química dos nutrientes, amostras representativas dos diferentes órgãos da planta foram passadas em moinho tipo Willye e armazenadas para futura determinação dos elementos minerais. Para determinação da quantidade total de nutrientes acumulados em cada parte da planta, a concentração de cada nutriente foi multiplicada pela massa da matéria seca do referido órgão, em cada época de amostragem. O acompanhamento da produção de frutos foi realizado em área adicional, em 32 plantas selecionadas. A cultura do pinhão manso apresenta crescimento linear em altura e diâmetro da base nos primeiros anos de cultivo. O pinhão manso apresentou um período de repouso vegetativo bem definido, sendo este nos meses de março a setembro; a maior massa de matéria seca de folhas, massa de pecíolo e o maior número de folhas ocorrem no mês de dezembro de cada ano juntamente com a maior área foliar com incremento de mais de 100% neste parâmetro de um ano a outro; a taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA) e o índice de área foliar apresentam maiores valores no final de cada ano, já a taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), a razão de área foliar (RAF) e a razão peso de folhas apresentam maiores valores no início de cada ano; a produção do pinhão manso apresenta valores de 93 g por planta aos 18 meses de idade, com período de colheita nos meses de janeiro a julho na região. O acúmulo total de macronutrientes obedeceu a seguinte ordem decrescente: K>Ca>N>Mg>P>S, mesma ordem apresentada pelo caule, órgão este responsável pelo maior acúmulo de nutrientes. Os macronutrientes P, K e Mg apresentam redistribuição para o caule no período de senescência foliar. Nas sementes maduras a ordem de acúmulo de nutrientes encontrada foi: N>Ca>K>Mg>P>S, e no fruto inteiro foi: N>K>Ca>P>Mg>S. O acúmulo total de micronutrientes obedeceu a seguinte ordem: Mn>Fe>Zn>B>Cu>Mo, e em frutos maduros a ordem foi: Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu>Mo. Os micronutrientes Cu, Zn e Fe apresentam redistribuição para o caule no período de senescência foliar. A exportação de macronutrientes pelos frutos é elevada, sendo necessários 199, 69, e 306 kg ha -1 de N, P 2 O 5 e K 2 O, respectivamente para produção de 4000 g/planta em uma população de 1667 plantas ha -1. As recomendações de adubações de cobertura na região oeste do Paraná devem ser realizadas no período de setembro a março, dependendo do regime hídrico, sugerindo-se utilizar formulados com a relação N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O de 2,88:1,0:4,4.
Neto, Dylnei Consolmagno. "Combinação de doses de potássio e magnésio na produção e nutrição mineral do capim-Tanzânia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-06042006-164511/.
Full textTanzânia grass use in Brazilian pastures has been improved, and there is a need for more knowledge on its mineral nutrition in order to increase forage productivity. The objective of this research was to obtain information for this grass related to the combined supply of potassium and magnesium, through the evaluation of number of tillers and leaves, leaf area, plant tops and roots dry matter production, roots lenght and surface, SPAD value, leaf chlorophyll concentration, cationic macronutrients concentrations in plant tissues and visual symptoms characterization. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse by using nutrient solution in 3.6 L pots containing ground quartz, from September to November 2004, at Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brasil. An incomplete 52 factorial was used, which resulted in 13 combinations among potassium and magnesium rates, in mmol L-1: 0,4K/0,05Mg; 0,4K/1,35Mg; 0,4K/2,65Mg; 3,2K/0,7Mg; 3,2K/2Mg; 6K/0,05Mg; 6K/1,35Mg; 6K/2,65Mg; 8,8K/0,7 Mg; 8,8K/2Mg; 11,6K/0,05Mg; 11,6K/1,35Mg; 11,6K/2,65Mg, in a randomized block design, with four replications. Plants were first harvested 46 days after seedlings transplanting to the pots, and harvested again 28 days after the first harvest. At each harvest plants tops were separated into emergent leaves, newly expanded leaf laminae, mature leaf laminae and culms plus sheaths. After the second harvest the roots were collected by passing tap water through 0.25 and 1.00 mm screens. Potassium and magnesium rates combinations highly influenced the proportion of potassium, magnesium and calcium in plant tops in both growth periods, and the roots dry weight and length. These nutrients rates combinations also determined forage yield and concentrations of calcium and manganese in the newly expanded leaf laminae at the second harvest. Potassium rates significantly changed the number of tillers and leaves, leaf area, and zinc concentration in the newly expanded leaves at both growth periods, whereas in the first growth influenced forage yield, concentrations of calcium, copper, iron and manganese in the newly expanded leaf laminae, and in the root surface. Magnesium rates resulted in changes in SPAD values and chlorophyll concentrations in the two plant growths but, at second growth, promoted changes in leaf area, in root surface, and in concentrations of copper, iron and zinc in the newly expanded leaf laminae. Maximum responses of Tanzania grass were found when potassium was supplied between 8.4 and 10.9 mmol L-1 and magnesium between 1.7 and 2.3 mmol L-1 and when potassium contributed between 53 and 64 % and magnesium about 20 % to the total concentration of potassium, magnesium and calcium in plants tops. Visual symptoms of potassium and magnesium deficiencies in the plants were only observed with low rates supply of these nutrients.
Mudau, N. Fhatuwani (Nixwell Fhatuwani). "Yield and fruit quality of citrus species relative to foliar sprays of macronutrients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52616.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Yield and fruit quality of Citrus species relative to foliar sprays of macronutrients Marginal fruit colour and poor internal quality have been primary problems in the production of early-maturing mandarins in the Western Cape region (34 Os t 9°E). This leads to a reduction in the percentage of exportable fruit, a delay in the picking and consequent reduction in internal quality due to over-maturity. Therefore, a well-developed rind colour and internal quality of citrus are quality parameters of major importance in the fruit market. The effect of soil-applied limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) and foliar low-biuret on fruit colour, yield and internal fruit quality of 'Mihowase' Satsuma on 'Troyer' citrange rootstock were evaluated. A significant reduction in leaf N levels was recorded where soil N has been reduced from 168 kg N/ha per annum to 126 kg Nlha per annum. Nitrogen applications influenced internal quality, although differences between treatments were too small to be of commercial importance. Despite tree appearance being more yellow in some years where N was predominantly applied as foliar spray, no consistent reduction in fruit size or yield was found. There were no clear significant differences in fruit colour, probably due to the fact that leaf N-Ievels were still within or below the norms suggested for Satsuma. The effect of Seniphosf , a mineral mixture of 31Og/L P20S, 56g/L CaO and 30g/L total N, and mono-potassium phosphate (MKP) [52% P20Sand 34% K20] on fruit colour, yield and internal fruit quality of mandarins, viz., 'Mihowase' Satsuma and 'Nules' Clementine on 'Troyer' citrange rootstock were evaluated. Seniphos'" and MKP applied during autumn colour break also did not influence fruit colour, yield and internal fruit quality, viz., juice content (%), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA) and TSS:TA ratio of 'Nules' Clementine and 'Mihowase' Satsuma. In the Citrusdal region of South Africa (Western Cape Province), rind roughness is a general problem which often limits the percentage of exportable fruits. The effect of foliar mono-potassium phosphate (MKP) applied at 3% or 5% and urea ammonium phosphate (UAP) at 2% at 4 or 6 weeks, respectively, after full bloom (AFB) on yield, internal and external fruit quality (rind texture) of Citrus spp on rough lemon rootstock were evaluated. MKP and UAP had no consistent effect on yield, juice content (%), TSS, TA and TSS:TA ratio of 'Nouvelle' tangor, 'Valencia' orange, 'Shamouti' midseason and 'Oroval' Clementine. MKP and UAP sprays significantly, but inconsistently improved rind texture of 'Nouvelle' tangor, 'Shamouti' midseason and 'Valencia' orange. However, no positive effect was found on rind texture of 'Oroval' Clementine and 'Eureka' lemon. Inconsistent effects ofMKP and UAP sprays were also found on % leafN, P and K.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Opbrengs en vrugkwaliteit van sitrus spesies relatief tat blaar toedienings van makroelemente Marginale vrugkleur en swak interne kwaliteit is die prim ere produksieprobleme in vroee seisoen mandaryne in die Wes-Kaap (34 Os 19°E). Die gevolg is 'n lae persentasie uitvoerbare vrugte omdat die oesdatum uitgestel word wat 'n afname in interne kwaliteit veroorsaak weens oorrypheid. Goed ontwikkelde skilkleur en interne kwaliteit is dus van groot belang vir bemarking van die vrugte. Grond-toegediende kalksteen-ammonium-nitraat (KAN) en lae biuret ureum se effek op vrugkleur, oesgrootte en interne vrugkwaliteit van 'Mihowase' Satsuma op 'Troyer citrange' onderstamme is ge-evalueer. 'n Betekenisvolle afname van die N viakke in die blare is gevind nadat grondtoediening van N vanaf 168 kg N/ha/jaar na 126 kg N/ha/jaar venninder is. N toedienings het interne kwaliteit beinvloed, maar die verskille tussen die behandelings was nie van kornmersiele waarde nie. Al was die boomvoorkoms geler in sommige jare waarin N hoofsaaklik as blaarvoedings toegedien is, was daar nie konstante afnames in vrug-of oesgrootte nie. Daar was geen betekenisvolle verskille in vrugkieur nie, waarskynlik omdat die blaarvlakke van N steeds binne die nonne daarvoor in Satsumas was. Die effek van Seniphos ('n minerale mengsel van 310g/L P20S, 56g/L CaO en 30g/L totaal N en monokaliumfosfaat (MKP) [52% P20S en 34% K20] op vrugkleur, oesgrootte en interne vrugkwaliteit van 'Mihowase' Satsumas en 'Nules' Clementine op Troyer citrange onderstarnme is geevalueer. Seniphos en MKP, toegedien tydens kleurbreek in die herfs, het ook nie skilkleur of interne vrugkwaliteit (sappersentasie, totale oplosbare vaste stowwe (TOV), suurheid (TS) en TOV:TS) betekenisvol bemvloed nie. In die Citrusdal-omgewing in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie (Suid-Afrika) is skilgrofheid 'n algemene probleem wat die hoeveelheid uitvoerbare vrugte beperk. Die effek van blaartoegediende MKP teen 3 en 5% en ureum-amrnoniurn-fosfaat (UAP) teen 2%, op onderskeidelik 4 of 6 weke na volblom, is geevalueer ten opsigte van oesgrootte, interne en ekstenne (skil grofheid) vrug kwaliteit in Citrus spp op growweskilsuurlemoen onderstam. Nie MKP of UAP het konsekwente verskille getoon t.o.v. oesgrootte, sappersentasie, TOV, TS, of TOV:TS in 'Nouvelle' tangor, 'Valencia' orange, 'Shamouti' midseison of 'Oroval' Clementine nie. Skiltekstuur is egter betekenisvol, hoewel inkonsekwent, verbeter in laasgenoemde drie. Skiltekstuur van 'Oroval' Clementine en 'Eureka' suurlemoen is nie bemvloed nie. Blaarpersentasies van N, P en K is ook inkonsekwent deur MKP en UAP beinvloed.
GOMES, Sinara Regina Lisboa. "AVALIAÇÃO DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE ADOLESCENTES DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS EM SÃO LUÍS, MA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1860.
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BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a phase of nutritional risk, in which nutritional deficiencies and excesses can negatively affect the current and future health of this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze food consumption in adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. METHODS: A cross - sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 378 adolescents enrolled in public schools in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The food consumption was evaluated by two 24-hour Reminder Inquiries. Consumption of energy, macronutrients, fibers and micronutrients were compared to the values recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes, according to age and sex. Nutrient intakes were corrected with the removal of dietary variability. RESULTS: It was verified that most of the adolescents had adequate consu mption of carbohydrates and proteins. Energy consumption was statistically significant between the sexes, with insufficient prevalence in boys and higher higher consumption among girls (p <0.001). Among the macronutrients, the lipids presented greater inadequate consumption, especially of saturated fats, which had a higher percentage of excessive consumption. Consumption of calcium, potassium, vitamins A, C and E and fiber did not reach recommendations in both sexes. Sodium intake was excessive in 60.8% mal e adolescents and 42.4% in female adolescents. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the diet of adolescents remains deficient in vitamins and minerals and nutritional excesses, especially saturated fats and sodium, which can put this population at risk for the development of diseases. Intervention measures are necessary to reverse this framework, as well as research that analyzes their short-, medium- and long-term impacts.
INTRODUÇÃO: A adolescência constitui uma fase de risco nutricional, em que carências e excessos nutricionais podem afetar de maneira negativa a saúde atual e futura dessa população. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o consumo alimentar em adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com amostra probabilística de 378 adolescentes matriculados em escolas públicas de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por dois Inquéritos Recordatórios de 24 horas. O consumo de energia, macronutrientes, fibras e micronutrientes foram comparados aos valores preconizados pela Dietary Reference Intakes, segundo idade e sexo. A ingestão dos nutrientes foi corrigida com a remoção da variabilidade da dieta. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se a ingestão inadequada de gorduras, sobretudo das saturadas, que tiveram uma considerável proporção de adolescentes com consumo excessivo. O consumo de energia foi estatisticamente significante entre os sexos, sendo o insuficiente prevalente nos meninos e o consumo elevado maior entre a s meninas (p<0,001). O consumo do cálcio, potássio, vitaminas A, C e E e fibra não atingiram às recomendações em ambos os sexos. O consumo do sódio foi excessivo em 60,8% dos adolescentes e de 42,4% nas adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a dieta dos adolescentes apresenta carências de vitaminas e minerais e excessos nutricionais, rincipalmente de gorduras saturadas e sódio, que podem colocar essa população em risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças. Medidas de intervenção são necessárias para reverter esse quadro, além de pesquisas que analisem os seus impactos a curto, médio e longo prazo.
Montovani, Patrícia Andréa Bertuol. "Fitodisponibilidade de metais pesados na cultura do milho (Zea mays) cultivado em solos com diferentes texturas, tratados com biossólido." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2010. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1395.
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It has been increasingly encouraging technologies to promote increased agricultural productivity without serious environmental damage. Some researchers have considered the application of sewage sludge in agriculture as a sustainable alternative to recycling. While discussions on the disposal of biosolids, the effects on the environment and public health have been increasing in the international arena. There are few studies that to cover these aspects in tropical soils. The objective of this work was to determine the phytoavailability of heavy metals in corn treated with different doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1) of sludge, grown in two soils of different textures, LVd and LVe, witch or without NPK. The design was completely randomized in 5x2x2 factorial arrangement with four replications, totaling 80 units well experimental. We evaluated the chemical properties of soil, the chlorophyll, heavy metals, macronutrients content in plant tissue from corn, and biometrics variables of maize plants. All dates obtained experimentally in maize plant tissue were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results showed that the application of biosolids did not provide phytotoxic levels of heavy metals in the plant, however, did not show potential replacement conventional NPK fertilizer. It was observed that the plants had higher income in the medium soil, expected behavior under conditions where the experiment took place, where nutrients are not suffering, and percolation are more available to the plant
Tem sido cada vez maior o incentivo a tecnologias que visem promover o aumento da produtividade agrícola sem causar graves danos ambientais. Alguns pesquisadores tem considerado a aplicação de biossólido na agricultura como uma alternativa de reciclagem sustentável. Ao passo que discussões sobre a disposição de biossólidos, os efeitos sobre o ambiente e saúde pública vêm se destacando no cenário internacional. Poucos são os estudos que abrangem estes aspectos nos solos tropicais. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a fitodisponibilidade de metais pesados em milho tratados com diferentes doses de biossólido (0, 10, 20, 40 e 60 t ha-1), cultivado em dois solos de diferentes texturas, LVd e LVe, acrescidos ou não com NPK. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado (DIC) em esquema fatorial 5x2x2, com quatro repetições, totalizando 80 unidades experimenais. Foram avaliados atributos químicos do solo, os teores de clorofila, de metais pesados e macronutrientes no tecido vegetal do milho, bem como as variáveis biométricas das plantas de milho. Todos os dados obtidos experimentalmente do tecido vegetal do milho foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Verificou-se que a aplicação de biossólido não proporcionou teores fitotóxicos de metais pesados na planta, no entanto, também não apresentou potencial de substituição da adubação convencional NPK. Observou-se que as plantas apresentaram acúmulo de matéria seca maior no solo de textura média, comportamento esperado nas condições em que se realizou o experimento, onde os nutrientes não sofrem percolação e estão mais disponíveis para a planta
Andrade, Miguel Wanderley de. "Fontes e doses de N, P, K e métodos de enxertia na produção de mudas de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.)." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2010. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/148.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sources and doses of NPK and to evaluate the propagation by grafting for the production of vigorous seedlings of umbu tree (Spondias tuberosa Arr Cam). The experiments were conducted in greenhouse in Sousa-PB. We adopted the randomized block design in 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four replications for all experiments with macronutrients. First, we tested urea and ammonium sulfate at five rates: 0, 350, 700, 1400 e 2800 mg.dm-3 substrate. Were subsequently evaluated two sources of potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride and potassium sulfate) in five doses of K20: 0, 1800, 3600, 5400 e 7200 mg.dm-3. In the last test, we tested phosphate fertilizer (MAP) at doses of P2O5: 0; 450; 900; 1350 e 1800 mg.dm-3 substrate, and superphosphate doses of P2O5: 0; 450; 900; 1350 e 1800 mg.dm-3 substrate. In the experiment regarding the methods of grafting, we used a randomized block design with four replications in a split plot in time, standing in five installments grafting (budding, cleft graft, stub graft, whip graft and tongue graft) and the plots, the four assessment periods (intervals of 15 days for sixty days), each experimental unit consisted of 15 plants. The increase in nitrogen and potassium applied negatively influenced the survival of seedlings, shoot length, stem diameter and fresh weight of root. The response to phosphorus fertilization showed to shoot dry matter and xylopodium production in dose 1350 and 450 mg.dm-3 P2O5, respectively. The grafting methods cleft graft and whip graft had the highest number of shoots (58,5%) in plants of umbu tree
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de fontes e doses de NPK e avaliar a propagação por enxertia para a produção de mudas de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.). Os experimentos foram instalados e conduzidos em telado, em Sousa-PB. Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições para todos os experimentos com macronutrientes N e K. Primeiramente, foram testados: uréia e sulfato de amônio nas doses de N: 0, 350, 700, 1400 e 2800 mg.dm-3 de substrato. Posteriormente, foram avaliados fertilizantes potássicos: cloreto e sulfato de potássio, nas doses de K20: 0, 1800, 3600, 5400 e 7200 mg.dm-3 de substrato. No último ensaio, foram testados os fertilizantes fosfatados: MAP nas doses de P2O5: 0; 1100; 2200; 3300 e 4400 mg.dm-3 de substrato, e superfosfato simples nas doses de P2O5: 0; 450; 900; 1350 e 1800 mg.dm-3 de substrato. No experimento referente aos métodos de enxertia, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, estando nas parcelas cinco métodos de enxertia (borbulhia; garfagem no topo; garfagem lateral; inglesa simples e inglesa complicada) e nas subparcelas, os 4 períodos de avaliação (intervalos de 15 dias,durante sessenta dias), sendo cada unidade experimental constituída por 15 plantas. As doses de nitrogênio e potássio aplicadas ao solo influenciaram negativamente a sobrevivência das mudas, comprimento da parte aérea, diâmetro do caule e massa fresca da raiz. A resposta à adubação fosfatada para a matéria seca da parte aérea e do xilopódio, expressou a máxima produção nas doses 1350 e 450 mg.dm-3 de P, respectivamente. Os métodos garfagem no topo e a inglesa simples apresentaram o maior número de brotações (58,5%) em plantas de umbuzeiro
VASCONCELOS, Leirson Salvador Bezerra de. "Desenvolvimento de plantas de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) em função da força iônica da solução nutritiva." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5194.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is found mainly in the Northeast and Northern of Brazil, where large numbers of producers are involved with their exploration, thus making it a culture of great socioeconomic importance. Your culture seeks to obtain the green mass, much used in cooking in various dishes, in addition to the production of dried fruit for use in pharmaceutical and food industries. The concentration of nutrients from the nutritive solution is a feature very important for the development of plants, and one way to measure it is the electrical conductivity. This is directly related to the content of soluble salts, which can affect the development of plants. This study aimed to evaluate in terms of a greenhouse, growth and metabolism of coriander according to the ion concentration of two nutritive solutions under conditions of hydroponic cultivation. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement (7 X 2), with seven levels of electrical conductivity (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 dS.m -1) and two nutritive solutions with four repetitions totaling 56 experimental units. The nutritive solutions used were according to Castellane and Furlani with modifications to achieve the desired conductivity. The plants were collected after 60 days of planting. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and regression. The solution that produced greater amount of green mass and dry mass was to Furlani, although this solution the plants were more sensitive to increased electrical conductivity. The levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates showed a trend of increasing proportion of these compounds to increase the electrical conductivity. When connected the levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates and the two nutrient solutions, only to the concentration of carbohydrates was no difference between the solutions, in conductivities of 1.0 and 1.5 dS.m-1. Generally, the electrical conductivity changed the concentration of nutrients, but did not cause disturbances in the plant, since none of the ions had evaluated their negative or overpaid for the culture of coriander. So is true that the original solutions can be used for the production of hydroponic coriander.
O coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) é encontrado principalmente no Nordeste e Norte do Brasil, onde grande número de produtores está envolvido com sua exploração, tornando-o conseqüentemente uma cultura de grande importância socioeconômica. Seu cultivo visa à obtenção de massa verde, bastante utilizada na culinária em diversos pratos, além da produção de frutos secos para a utilização em indústrias farmacêutica e alimentícia. A concentração dos nutrientes da solução nutritiva é uma característica muito importante para o desenvolvimento das plantas, e uma das formas de mensurá-la é pela condutividade elétrica. Esta está diretamente relacionada ao teor de sais solúveis, que pode afetar o desenvolvimento das plantas. O presente trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e metabolismo do coentro em função da concentração iônica de duas soluções nutritivas sob condições de cultivo hidropônico. Os tratamentos constaram de um arranjo fatorial (7 X 2), sendo sete níveis de condutividade elétrica (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 dS.m-1) e duas soluções nutritivas com quatro repetições totalizando 56 unidades experimentais. As soluções nutritivas utilizadas foram a de Castellane e a de Furlani com modificações para obter a condutividade elétrica desejada. As plantas foram coletadas após 60 dias do plantio. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão. A solução que produziu maior quantidade de massa verde e massa seca foi a de Furlani, apesar de nesta solução as plantas terem sido mais sensíveis ao aumento da condutividade elétrica. Os teores de clorofila e carboidratos apresentaram uma tendência de aumento destes compostos proporcional ao incremento da condutividade elétrica. Quando relacionados os teores de clorofila e carboidratos e as duas soluções nutritivas, apenas na concentração de carboidratos houve diferença entre as soluções, nas condutividades de 1,0 e 1,5 dS.m-1. De modo geral, a condutividade elétrica alterou a concentração dos macronutrientes, porém não provocou distúrbios no vegetal, já que nenhum dos íons avaliados teve seus valores deficientes ou em excesso para a cultura do coentro. Assim é válido que as soluções originais podem ser utilizadas para a produção de coentro hidropônico.
Prieto, Juliana Midori Iqueda. "Avaliação do consumo alimentar e do estado nutricional em portadores da Doença de Crohn." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-05022014-124351/.
Full textCrohn\'s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease whose most common symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever. As a result, weight loss and malnutrition are the most prevalent nutritional disorders due to many factors: decreased intake, poor absorption, increased intestinal losses and increased energy demand. As many factors may compromise the nutritional status and quality of life of these patients, it is important to study their dietary and nutritional profile. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the dietary intake and nutritional status of Crohn\'s disease outpatients. The nutritional status was based on biochemical tests, body composition and body mass index. Food intake was evaluated by an alternate three-day Food Record, and the adequacy of intake was evaluated according to national and international references. The study included 217 patients and 65 controls. Out of the patients, 54.4% were classified as normal-weight, but the mean body mass index was lower than controls (23.8 vs. 26.9 kg/m2, p = 0). The body mass index of patients with bowel resection was lower than those without resection (23.1 vs. 24.4 kg/m2, p = 0.045). Vitamin B12 deficiency was 19% among patients and 9% among controls, being more common in patients with the disease located in the ileum (23%) and bowel resection (23%). Vitamin B12 levels were negatively correlated with CRP (r = -0.13, p = 0.059). The 25- hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency was 63% among patients and 74% among controls, and was more common in patients with CRP > 3mg / l (69%), whereas the deficiency reported was 6% among patients and 3% among controls, and those who presented with deficiency had the disease over long periods of time (13.9 years). Patients had lower cholesterol levels (163.9 vs. 180.7 mg/dl, p = 0.001) and LDL (83.9 vs. 109.9 mg/dl, p = 0) and higher HDL (56.6 vs. 51.1 mg/dl, p = 0.026) and triglycerides (121.7 vs. 100.7 mg/dl, p = 0.091) than controls, and the same was reported in those patients with intestinal resection. Anemia was present in 20% of patients and only 3% of controls, being more common in those patients with CRP > 3mg/l (25%) and bowel resection (23%). Although 54.4% of patients did not attain 90% of estimated energy requirement, this inadequacy was more common in controls (89%). Patients and controls had modestly adequate consumption for macronutrients and fiber, but higher protein intake than controls. Active patients had higher intake of cholesterol but lower intake of fibers. Inadequate intake of micronutrients was high and similar between patients and controls for vitamin D, E and calcium, and higher in patients for selenium, zinc and vitamins B1, B3, B6, B12 and C. There was a high prevalence of patients and controls with low consumption of \"cereals, tubers and roots\", fruit, vegetables and dairy products, and high consumption of \"meat and eggs\", \"sugars and sweets\" and \"oils and fats\". Although the quality of the diet did not differ greatly between patients and controls, and considering that there was a high proportion of controls with low energy intake and that the CD patients\' nutritional status improved due to the characteristics of the disease, these patients remain at nutritional risk. Therefore, it is imperative to continuously monitor their nutritional status, mainly those presenting with higher nutritional risk, patients with active CD, CRP > 3mg/l, bowel resection and those with CD over long periods of time
Oliveira, Emidio Cantidio Almeida de. "Balanço nutricional da cana-de-açucar relacionado à adubação nitrogenada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-20042011-094249/.
Full textThe efficient management of fertilization in sugarcane begins with the identification of the nutritional plant requirement. Accordingly, three experiments were established in the State of Sao Paulo, the first in Typic Eutrustox, the second in a Rhodic Eutrustox and third in the Arenic Kandiustults. The treatments consisted of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 in plant cane cycle (2005/2006). In first ratoon (2006/2007) the portions relating to the treatments 0 and 120 kg N ha-1 of the previous cycle had been subdivided and applied 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1. In the second ratoon (2007/2008) repeated the doses and third ratoon (2008/2009) use was made of single dose application of 100 kg N ha-1. During the growth of cane plant and first ratoon held samples of sugarcane above ground and determined the dry matter production, nutrient accumulation and nitrogen critical level as a function of nitrogen doses. At the end of the plant cane and in three subsequent ratoons held the partitioning of sugarcane, through the separation of aerial parts in the stalks, dry leaf and green tops and underground part of the roots and rhizomes. Identified and separated in compartments determined dry matter and nutrients allocation. The dry matter production and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu and Zn in plant cane and first ratoon fitted the sigmoidal model, showing three distinct phases in which showed that absorption of these nutrients occur previously of dry matter production. The accumulation of Fe and Mn differed between the soils and obtained sigmoidal and cubic polynomial fits. The increasing effect of nitrogen fertilization on the accumulation of macronutrients, while the micronutrients, N doses had won only for B, Fe and Zn in plant cane and B, Fe and Mn in first ratoon. The nitrogen critical concentration in aerial parts of cane plant varied between 10,4 and 13,6 g kg-1 in the initial stages of growth, while that at the end of the cycle the values were 3,0 to 4.2 g kg-1. In first ratoon initial nitrogen critical concentrations ranged from 9,8 to 14,8 g kg-1 and those found at the last sampling ranged between 2,0 and 5,5 g kg-1. The order of nutrients build up in plant cane was K> N> Ca> S> Mg> Fe> P> Mn> Zn> B> Cu, and in the first ratoon the order was K> N> Ca> Mg> S> P = Fe> Mn> Zn> B> Cu. To produce 1 TCH was required extractions means of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S of 1,24, 0,15, 2,69, 0,55, 0,29 and 0,29 kg Mg-1 in the cane plant and average of 1,55, 0,21, 3,07, 0,75, 0,36 and 0,38 kg Mg-1 in the three subsequent ratoons, respectively. For B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn requirements in plant cane were, respectively, 1,91, 0,83, 260,65, 18,12, 2,81 g Mg-1 and ratoon average was 2,29, 1,02, 169,17, 20,47 and 3,90 g Mg-1.
MELO, Márcio Roberto da Silva. "Lixiviação de nutrientes em lisímetros de drenagem na presença de polímero hidroabsorvente." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5650.
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The objective of the present work was to evaluate the leaching of nutrients applied in soils in coriander cultivations, in conditions drainage of lisimeter, by utilizing a hidrogel polymer named Hidratassolo®. The study was done in an experimental station built in the Tecnologia Rural Department of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, located in the municipal district of Recife–PE during february to march 2006. The coriander cultivation was grown in a field atmosphere, with two irrigation levels related to estimated evapotranspiration (Tank Class "A" method 0.6.ETo and 1.20.ETo in mm), applied on two day irrigation frequencies, and five hidratassolo doses (0; 4; 8; 12 and 16 dg.kg-1). The experiment design consisted of randomized blocks in split-plots, with simple regression analysis. The characteristics appraised were pH, the electric conductivity (CE), measured in (dS.m-1), and the leached nutrients: calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), in (mmolc dm-3), and the drained (VAD), evaluated volume of water in the diverse hidrics balance (T), to the long one of the period of cultivations. With the increasing of the biggest blade the levels of hidratassolo had linearly reduced the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium and the electric conductivity while that it linearly raised the sodium concentration and the value of pH of the effluent. Besides, the use of the lesser blade linearly raised the concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium and the electric conductivity, and reduced the sodium concentration and the value of pH of the drained material. With relation to the effect of the treatments to the long one of the time, the studied levels of blades had increased the concentration of sodium, potassium and the value of pH and had reduced the concentration of calcium, magnesiumand the electric conductivity, in the drained material, inside of the levelsof hidratassolo.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a lixiviação de nutrientes aplicados em material de solo cultivado com coentro na presença de um polímero hidroabsorvente denominado de Hidratassolo®. O estudo foi conduzido na estação lisimétrica do Departamento de Tecnologia Rural da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, localizada no município de Recife – PE, no período de 06 de fevereiro a 24 de março de 2006. Os fatores estudados foram duas lâminas de irrigação, obtidas com base na evapotranspiração estimada pelo método do tanque Classe “A” (0,6.ETo e 1,20.ETo em mm), aplicadas com freqüência de irrigação de dois dias; e cinco doses de hidratassolo (0; 4; 8; 12 e 16 dg kg-1), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas sub-divididas, com análise de regressão simples. As características avaliadas foram o pH, a condutividade elétrica (CE), medidos em (dS m-1), e a concentração dos nutrientes lixiviados: cálcio (Ca2+), magnésio (Mg2+), sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), em (mmolc dm-3), e o volume de água drenado (VAD), em litro (L), avaliado nas épocas de balanços hídricos (T), ao longo do período de cultivo. Com o emprego da maior lâmina os níveis de hidratassolo reduziram linearmente as concentrações de cálcio, magnésio, potássio e a condutividade elétrica enquanto que elevou linearmente a concentração de sódio e o valor do pH do efluente. Por outro lado, o uso da menor lâmina elevou linearmente as concentrações de potássio, cálcio, magnésio e a condutividade elétrica, e reduziu a concentração de sódio e o valor do pH do material drenado. Com relação ao efeito dos tratamentos ao longo do tempo, os níveis de lâminas estudados aumentaram a concentração de sódio, potássio e o valor de pH e reduziram a concentração de cálcio, magnésio e acondutividade elétrica, no material drenado, dentro dos níveis de hidratassolo.
Malmberg, Jennie. "The neuroanatomical expression profile of novel membrane proteins. : The effect of macronutrients on gene expression." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-1105.
Full textWorldwide obesity is an increasing problem. Apart from the fact that obesity greatly impairs the health, quality and length of life for the affected individuals, it is also has the potential to become a major socioeconomic problem in a near future. However preventive actions require an understanding of the cause. Before the psychological influence on eating can be evaluated a profound understanding of the biological regulatory system and how this interacts with the food consumed is required. On the assumption that food consumption is regulated by interplay between food and genes, the food itself may influence the genes that regulate consumption, hence change the expression levels of the genes regulating food intake. To evaluate the interplay between food and gene expression, the project contained several parts, reflecting different aspects of the area of research. The feeding studies had in common that they were initial trials in a larger project. The results of these will be evaluated and used in combination with further studies. The mice typed for food preference illustrate the complexity of the feeding regulatory system by pointing out the differences between individuals even in a relatively small group of animals. Mice in general like food high in fat and here the animals that showed a preference for sugar also showed a significant increase in their intake of chow. Since chow consists mainly of carbohydrates the results might indicate a preference not for sucrose in particular but for carbohydrates in general. The effect this may have on other studies is still unclear as further studies are needed to determine whether the difference may be the result of an innate genetic difference. Leucine has been previously shown to reduce the total caloric intake. When given in combination with palatable food the addition of Leucine primarily reduced the intake of chow. From a dietary perspective this would translate to a preference to sweets and fast food at the expense of food with more nutritious content. The RT-PCR analysis’s gives clues to how the energy regulatory circuitry responds to the intake of selected macronutrients. When it comes to gene expression there is a significant effect of macronutrients on the gene expression levels. The common theme for many of the genes tested seems to be down regulation of satiety signals, as if to support over feeding on palatable diets and in many cases sucrose in particular. The intake of macronutrients such as sugar or fat has been showed to have an effect on the feeding regulatory circuitry, demonstrated by the change in gene expression levels. The response to said macronutrients is site specific which is clearly shown both by RTPCR analysis of samples from different parts of the brain, such as the brainstem or hypothalamus, and by immunohistochemistry of selected areas. The immunohistochemistry also confirms that the novel Oxytocin receptor-antagonist, who is injected IP, actually passes over the blood-brain barrier and has an actual affect on the regions of interest. The areas affected by the antagonist can be visualized and identified through the staining of active sites.
Diaz, Gomez Mariana. "The cost of energy transformation and digestibility of macronutrients in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56652.
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Gokarn, Rahul. "The Role Of Nutrient Sensing Pathways In Delaying Ageing." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18919.
Full textTruong, Ha Hong. "Starch utilisation in broiler chickens with emphases on grain sorghum, exogenous phytase and whole grain feeding." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16873.
Full textCoogan, Sean C. P. "From Bears to Birds: Extending the Application of Multidimensional Nutritional Ecology." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17016.
Full textRodriguez, Carlos Abanto. "Crescimento inicial de plantas de camu-camu sob fertirrigação com nitrogênio e potássio em condições de terra firme." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2014. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=224.
Full textUma das tendências do mundo moderno é a orientação ao consumo de produtos naturais com alto valor nutritivo e vitamínico. O camu-camu é uma fruteira nativa da Amazônia, que chama a atenção pelo alto conteúdo de vitamina C (até 6.116 mg/100 g de polpa). Esta espécie está em processo de domesticação, pelo qual ainda, não se dispõe de informações técnicas sobre o manejo agronômico em terra firme, nos primeiros anos de cultivo. Assim, objetivou-se determinar o efeito do nitrogênio e potássio aplicados por nove meses via fertirrigação no crescimento inicial de plantas de camu-camu irrigadas em condições de terra firme durante (janeiro-setembro, 2013). Para tal, foram realizados dois experimentos: o primeiro consistiu na aplicação de cinco doses de nitrogênio: 0; 40; 80; 120; 160 kg ha-1; e no segundo, foram testadas cinco doses de potássio: 0; 40; 80; 120; 160 kg ha-1. Os delineamentos utilizados foram em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo para as variáveis: altura (cm), diâmetro do coleto (mm) avaliados a cada 30 dias; número e comprimento total de ramos avaliados a cada 90 dias (cm) e blocos casualizados simples para o teor de clorofila a, massa seca (g) das folhas, dos ramos, das raízes, massa seca total (g), índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD), teor e acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes avaliados ao final dos experimentos. Diante dos resultados, verificou-se que a fertilização nitrogenada e potássica aplicada via fertirrigação ocasionaram maior qualidade das plantas de camu-camu na dose aproximada de 128 kg ha-1 de N e 160 kg ha-1 de K. A fertilização nitrogenada aumentou os teores de N, K e Ca e reduziu os teores de B e Mn e a fertilização potássica elevou os teores de N, K e S e reduziu os teores de Ca, Mg, B e Mn nas folhas de camu-camu. Considerando as partes da planta, o maior acúmulo de nutrientes foi verificado na parte aérea (ramos e folhas) para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B e Mn, e para as raízes foi Fe, Cu e Zn em função das doses crescentes de N e K.
One of the trends of the present world is the orientation to the consumption of natural products with a high nutritive and vitamin value. The camu-camu is a fruit-bearing tree native to the Amazon rainforest, which calls the attention for its high vitamin C content (up to 6,116 mg/100 g of pulp). This species is in domestication process; for this reason, technical information about the agronomical management on firm earth in the early years of cultivation is not available. So, it was aimed to determine the effect of both nitrogen and potassium applied for nine months via fertigation on the early growth of camu-camu plants irrigated under firm earth conditions (January-September, 2013). For such a purpose, two experiments were carried out: the former consisted in the application of five doses of nitrogen: 0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg ha-1; and in the latter, five doses of potassium: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 were tested. The designs utilized were in randomized blocks in split plot scheme in time for the variables: height (cm), stem diameter (mm) evaluated every 30 days; number and total length of twigs evaluated every 90 days (cm) and simple randomized blocks for the a chlorophyll content, dry mass (g) of leaves, of the twigs, of the roots, total dry mass (g), Dickson quality index (IQD), content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients evaluated at the end of the experiments. Based upon the results, it was found that nitrogen and potassium fertilization applied via fertigation brought about improved quality of the camu-camu plants at the approximate dose of 128 kg ha-1 of N and 160 kg ha-1 of K. Nitrogen fertilization increased the contents of N, K and Ca and reduced the contents of B and Mn, the potassium fertilization raised the contents of N, K and S and reduced the contents of Ca, Mg, B and Mn in the camu-camu leaves. Considering the parts of the plant, the greatest accumulation of nutrients was found in the shoot (twigs and leaves) for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and Mn and for the roots was Fe, Cu and Zn as a result of the growing doses of N e K.