Relevant bibliographies by topics / Macrophage assays

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Macrophage assays'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 17 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Macrophage assays"

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Zhou, Guannan, Fangyue Zhou, Yuanyuan Gu, et al. "Vaginal Microbial Environment Skews Macrophage Polarization and Contributes to Cervical Cancer Development." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (August 9, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3525735.

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As a common female reproductive system malignancy, cervical cancer (CC) disturbs numerous women’s health. This study demonstrates the role of the vaginal microbial environment (Peptostreptococcus anaerobius) in cervical cancer. Functional assays, including cell proliferation assay, tube formation assay, and immunofluorescence staining, revealed the effect of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-treated macrophages on cell proliferation and the angiogenesis process. The tube formation assay disclosed the function of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-treated macrophages on angiogenesis. In vivo assays were also established to explore the impact of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-treated macrophages on tumor migration. The results revealed that Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-induced macrophages boosted cervical cancer migration and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Then, this study unveiled that Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-induced macrophage secreted VEGF to stimulate the angiogenesis in cervical cancer. As a whole, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-induced macrophage facilitates cervical cancer development through modulation of VEGF expression.
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Cao, Qian, Junlin Yao, Heyuan Li, et al. "Cellular Phenotypic Analysis of Macrophage Activation Unveils Kinetic Responses of Agents Targeting Phosphorylation." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 22, no. 1 (2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057116663166.

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Macrophages are highly plastic cells, which serve as sentinels of the host immune system due to their ability to recognize and respond to microbial products rapidly and dynamically. Appropriate regulation of macrophage activation is essential for pathogen clearance or preventing autoimmune diseases. However, regularly used endpoint assays for analyzing macrophage functions have the limitations of being static and non–high throughput. In this study, we introduced a real-time and convenient method based on changes in cellular impedance that are detected by microelectronic biosensors. This new method can record the time/dose-dependent cell response profiles (TCRPs) of macrophages in real time and generates physiologically relevant data. The TCRPs generated from classically interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages showed considerable consistency with the data generated from standard endpoint assays. We further explored this approach by using it for global screening of a library of protein tyrosine kinase/phosphatase (PTK/PTP) inhibitors to investigate their impact on macrophage activation. Collectively, our findings suggest that the cellular impedance-based assay provides a promising approach for dynamically monitoring macrophage functions in a convenient and high-throughput manner.
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Rumianek, Agata N., and David R. Greaves. "How Have Leukocyte In Vitro Chemotaxis Assays Shaped Our Ideas about Macrophage Migration?" Biology 9, no. 12 (2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9120439.

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Macrophage chemotaxis is crucial during both onset and resolution of inflammation and unique among all leukocytes. Macrophages are able to switch between amoeboid and mesenchymal migration to optimise their migration through 3D environments. This subtle migration phenotype has been underappreciated in the literature, with macrophages often being grouped and discussed together with other leukocytes, possibly due to the limitations of current chemotaxis assays. Transwell assays were originally designed in the 1960s but despite their long-known limitations, they are still one of the most popular methods of studying macrophage migration. This review aims to critically evaluate transwell assays, and other popular chemotaxis assays, comparing their advantages and limitations in macrophage migration studies.
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Schultz, R. M., S. K. Nanda, and M. G. Altom. "Effects of various inhibitors of arachidonic acid oxygenation on macrophage superoxide release and tumoricidal activity." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 3 (1985): 2040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.3.2040.

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Abstract Macrophages release a variety of arachidonic acid metabolites after treatment with various membrane triggers or particulate stimuli. We examined the role of phospholipase and lipoxygenase inhibitors in the modulation of superoxide production and tumor cytolysis by murine macrophages. Superoxide was induced by the soluble stimulus, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and the particulate stimulus, opsonized zymosan, and was measured by the reduction of ferricytochrome c with the use of a micro ELISA reader. Macrophage-mediated tumor cytolysis was induced by hybridoma-derived, macrophage-activating factor (MAF) and was quantitated by 51Cr release from P815 target cells. In both assays, 72-hr peptone-elicited macrophages were used. Dexamethasone, and to a lesser degree hydrocortisone, inhibited superoxide release and MAF-induced tumor cytolysis. Inhibition in the superoxide assay required pretreatment with corticosteroid. Only the gold compound, auranofin, inhibited superoxide when given simultaneously with stimulant. Other phospholipase inhibitors, including mepacrine and 4-bromophenacyl bromide, and several lipoxygenase inhibitors, including BW755c, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), failed to modulate either macrophage response at nontoxic concentrations. At the concentrations tested in the tumoricidal and superoxide assays, mepacrine and 4-bromophenacyl bromide inhibited the release of 14C-arachidonic acid from macrophages stimulated with opsonized zymosan. Our data strongly suggest that corticosteroids suppress macrophage superoxide production and tumoricidal function by a nonphospholipase-dependent mechanism.
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Shinohara, Issei, Masanori Tsubosaka, Masakazu Toya, et al. "C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 Enhances Macrophage Chemotaxis, Osteogenesis, and Angiogenesis during the Inflammatory Phase of Bone Regeneration." Biomolecules 13, no. 11 (2023): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13111665.

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Local cell therapy has recently gained attention for the treatment of joint diseases and fractures. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are not only involved in osteogenesis and angiogenesis, but they also have immunomodulatory functions, such as inducing macrophage migration during bone regeneration via macrophage crosstalk. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a known inflammatory mediator, is associated with the migration of macrophages during inflammation. This study examined the utility of CCL2 as a therapeutic target for local cell therapy. Using lentiviral vectors for rabbit MSCs, genetically modified CCL2 overexpressing MSCs were generated. Osteogenic differentiation assays were performed using MSCs with or without macrophages in co-culture, and cell migration assays were also performed. Additionally, co-cultures were performed with endothelial cells (ECs), and angiogenesis was evaluated using a tube formation assay. Overexpression of CCL2 did not affect bone formation under monoculture conditions but promoted chemotaxis and osteogenesis when co-cultured with macrophages. Furthermore, CCL2-overexpression promoted tube formation in co-culture with ECs. These results suggest that CCL2 induces macrophage chemotaxis and osteogenesis by promoting crosstalk between MSCs and macrophages; CCL2 also stimulates ECs to induce angiogenesis. These findings indicate that CCL2 may be a useful therapeutic target for local cell therapy in areas of bone loss.
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Shi, Yongchang, Jianyong Wang, Yonglian Sun, JT Koerber, Akiko Seki, and Sascha Rutz. "An image-based real time method to measure antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis." Journal of Immunology 212, no. 1_Supplement (2024): 0244_4292. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.212.supp.0244.4292.

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Abstract Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is an important mechanism of action of therapeutic antibodies. In vitro quantification of ADCP has been technically challenging. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry based assays were traditionally used to measure ADCP activity, these methods were static measurements at certain time point, thus provide no information about engulfment kinetics. Moreover, the flow cytometry assays require lifting the macrophage cells from the labware which may affect macrophage activities. We have developed a real time ADCP assay using a live cell analysis system (IncuCyte). The target cells labeled with a pH sensitive dye only fluoresce when they are engulfed in acidic phagosomes of macrophages in the presence of specific antibodies. Our assay is a plate-based with a simple mix and read protocol without disturbing the macrophages. The new method is quantitative and robust, can be readily used for high-throughput screening for functional antibodies. By studying the ADCP activities in different subtypes of macrophages, we found M2 microphages showed the strongest ADCP activity compare to M0 and M1 macrophages, due to their different expression levels of FcgRs. The assay is highly sensitive to differentiate the antibody variants with enhanced Fc function. It can also be used to study the kinetics and mechanisms of ADCP.
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Nisenbaum, Eric, Carly Misztal, Mikhaylo Szczupak, et al. "Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Vestibular Schwannoma and Relationship to Hearing." OTO Open 5, no. 4 (2021): 2473974X2110591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473974x211059111.

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Objective (1) Characterize the distribution of M1 and M2 macrophages in vestibular schwannomas by hearing status. (2) Develop assays to assess monocyte migration and macrophage polarization in cocultures with vestibular schwannoma cells. Study Design Basic and translational science. Setting Tertiary care center. Methods A retrospective chart review of 30 patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) was performed. Patients were stratified into serviceable and unserviceable hearing groups. Immunohistochemistry for CD80+ M1 and CD163+ M2 macrophages was conducted. Primary VS cultures (n = 4) were developed and cocultured with monocytes. Immunohistochemistry for macrophage markers was performed to assess monocyte migration and macrophage polarization. Results Although tumors associated with unserviceable hearing had higher levels of CD80 and CD163 than those with serviceable hearing, the relationship was only significant with CD163 ( P = .0161). However, CD163 level did not remain a significant predictor variable associated with unserviceable hearing on multivariate analysis when adjusted for other variables. In vitro assays show that VS cells induced monocyte migration and polarization toward CD80+ M1 or CD163+ M2 macrophage phenotypes, with qualitative differences in CD163+ macrophage morphologies between serviceable and unserviceable hearing groups. Conclusion Vestibular schwannomas express varying degrees of CD80+ M1 and CD163+ M2 macrophages. We present evidence that higher expression of CD163+ may contribute to poorer hearing outcomes in patients with VS. We also describe in vitro assays in a proof-of-concept investigation that VS cells can initiate monocyte migration and macrophage polarization. Future investigations are warranted to explore the relationships between tumor, macrophages, secreted cytokines, and hearing outcomes in patients with VS.
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Caracciolo, D., N. Shirsat, G. G. Wong, B. Lange, S. Clark, and G. Rovera. "Recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) requires subliminal concentrations of granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF for optimal stimulation of human macrophage colony formation in vitro." Journal of Experimental Medicine 166, no. 6 (1987): 1851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.166.6.1851.

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Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1), either in purified or in recombinant form, is able to generate macrophagic colonies in a murine bone marrow colony assay, but only stimulates small macrophagic colonies of 40-50 cells in a human bone marrow colony assay. We report here that recombinant human granulocytic/macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) at concentrations in the range of picograms enhances the responsiveness of bone marrow progenitors to M-CSF activity, resulting in an increased number of macrophagic colonies of up to 300 cells. Polyclonal antiserum against M-CSF did not alter colony formation of bone marrow progenitors incubated with GM-CSF at optimal concentration (1-10 ng/ml) for these in vitro assays. Thus, GM-CSF at higher concentrations (nanogram range) can by itself, elicit macrophagic colonies, and at lower concentrations (picogram range) acts to enhance the responsiveness of these progenitors to M-CSF.
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Uccellini, Melissa B., Sadaf Aslam, Sean T. H. Liu, Fahmida Alam, and Adolfo García-Sastre. "Development of a Macrophage-Based ADCC Assay." Vaccines 9, no. 6 (2021): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060660.

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Fc-dependent effector functions are an important determinant of the in vivo potency of therapeutic antibodies. Effector function is determined by the combination of FcRs bound by the antibody and the cell expressing the relevant FcRs, leading to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). A number of ADCC assays have been developed; however, they suffer from limitations in terms of throughput, reproducibility, and in vivo relevance. Existing assays measure NK cell-mediated ADCC activity; however, studies suggest that macrophages mediate the effector function of many antibodies in vivo. Here, we report the development of a macrophage-based ADCC assay that relies on luciferase expression in target cells as a measure of live cell number. In the presence of primary mouse macrophages and specific antibodies, loss of luciferase signal serves as a surrogate for ADCC-dependent killing. We show that the assay functions for a variety of mouse and human isotypes with a model antigen/antibody complex in agreement with the known effector function of the isotypes. We also use this assay to measure the activity of a number of influenza-specific antibodies and show that the assay correlates well with the known in vivo effector functions of these antibodies.
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Mitchell, Jonathan, Denise Garvin, Rich Moravec, et al. "Abstract 2185: Advancing macrophage-directed therapies: bioluminescent assays for macrophage effector function." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 2185. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-2185.

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Abstract Macrophages play a pivotal role in anti-cancer immunity through phagocytosis and presentation of tumor antigens to T cells. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), mediated by macrophages and other myeloid cells, is a key mechanism-of-action (MoA) for antibody-based cancer immunotherapies. Strategies that enhance ADCP and other macrophage effector functions not only promote direct tumor destruction but also facilitate broader anti-tumor immunity. ADCP is initiated by the binding of antibody Fc domains to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), which triggers receptor crosslinking and signal transduction, leading to inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytosis. These effector functions are further regulated by immune checkpoints, and therapeutic interventions that block inhibitory checkpoints (e.g., SIRPα, ILT4, ILT2) or activate stimulatory pathways (e.g., TLR signaling) can enhance macrophage activity. However, current methods to measure macrophage functions are often low-throughput, labor-intensive, and highly variable. To address these challenges, we developed a suite of robust, cell-based bioluminescent bioassays to assess macrophage effector functions. These include: 1) ADCP: Using monocytic cells with endogenous FcγR expression and a FcγR-activation-dependent luminescent reporter. 2) Direct Phagocytosis Detection: Utilizing the HiBiT split luciferase system for sensitive and quantitative measurements. 3) Immune Checkpoint Modulation: Bioassays to measure SIRPα/CD47, ILT2/HLA-G, and ILT4/HLA-G interactions. 4) TLR Activation: Reporter bioassays for TLR activation. These assays are robust, easy-to-use, and pre-qualified according to ICH guidelines. Together, this comprehensive toolbox enables screening and the accelerated development of immunotherapies that target macrophage effector functions, paving the way for innovative cancer treatment strategies. Citation Format: Jonathan Mitchell, Denise Garvin, Rich Moravec, Julia Gilden, Adityarup Chakravorty, Jim Hartnett, Pete Stecha, Mei Cong, Jamison Grailer. Advancing macrophage-directed therapies: bioluminescent assays for macrophage effector function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 2185.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Macrophage assays"

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Makene, Vedastus Wilfred. "Cell culture biomarkers for monitoring of wastewater pollutants." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8148.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Wastewater is normally composed of a mixture of pollutants. The type and composition of pollutants in a particular wastewater depend on the source of origin. The source and characteristics of a particular wastewater determine the ideal method of sewage treatment. Specific treatment techniques are effective in the removal of certain types of pollutants and may have no impact on the levels of other types of pollutants. Therefore, a combination of treatments and assessment of the quality of effluent before release into the environment is normally recommended. The assessment of effluent can be achieved by various techniques including chemical analysis and biological assays. Chemical analyses are commonly employed; however, they often pose detection problems and are considered to be uneconomical.
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Cregger, S., D. Davis, Phillip R. Scheuerman, and M. Gallagher. "Development of a Macrophage Phagycytosis Assay for Immunotoxicolgy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1990. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2888.

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Huang, Zhi Hua. "Regulation of macrophage functions by polyunsaturated fatty acids /." Adelaide, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh8743.pdf.

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Wendel, Caroline. "In Vitro Study of Recruitment Ability of Macrophages and Trophoblasts in Early Human Pregnancy." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56818.

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The tolerance towards the semi-allogenic foetus is obtained through both systemic and local changes in the maternal immune response. Locally, in the decidua, the cell composition differs from that found in the blood; natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages being the major cell types. Decidual macrophages (dMØ), which are alternatively activated, and trophoblasts, placental cells of foetal origin, are believed to participate in the foetal tolerance at the foetal-maternal interface. To test the recruitment ability of macrophages and trophoblasts, and to test if these cells are responsible for the special cell composition in the decidua, a migration assay was established. In this migration assay peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were allowed to migrate through Matrigel-coated transwell inserts into lower wells containing a recruiting stimulus. After testing several conditions, a protocol was established for further use. The results showed that in vitro alternatively activated macrophages, which display many of the surface markers as dMØ, hold a recruiting ability and recruit monocytes. Further there was an indication that trophoblasts also hold a recruiting ability. Neither cell types were shown to recruit NK cells. In conclusion, this study presents a suitable protocol for assessing chemotactic factors and different cell type’s ability to recruit cells from blood. Although the experiments need to be repeated and extended and the recruitment ability of dMØ needs to be evaluated in detail before a final conclusion can be drawn, the preliminary data indicated that macrophages and trophoblasts can recruit monocytes.
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Segan, Sören [Verfasser]. "Development of a predictive cellular model to assess biomaterial-modulated immunoresponses of macrophages in vitro / Sören Segan." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240673248/34.

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Väyrynen, O. (Otto). "Factors affecting aggressive oral tongue cancer invasion and development of in vitro models for chemoradiotherapy assay." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222813.

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Abstract Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are linked to the invasion of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). We modified THP-1 leukemia cells to M1 (inflammatory), M2 (TAM-like) and R848 (imidazoquinoline-treated) type macrophages in order to examine their interactions with OTSCC-cells (HSC-3) by using different kinds of in vitro migration and invasion models. We observed that interaction of TAM-resembling M2-type macrophages with HSC-3 cells induced invasion and migration, whereas the influence of M1 macrophages reduced them. Patient response to chemoradiotherapy is highly reliant on the characteristics such as the aggressiveness and stage of the cancer. Therefore, new methods for treatment testing are needed in order to design personalized therapies. We tested the applicability and consistency of human TME mimicking tissue methods for analyzing the effects of chemoradiation using commercial OTSCC cell lines. Based on our trials, both our human uterine leiomyoma tissue -based matrix models provide viable platforms for future in vitro chemoradiotherapy testing. Conventionally pro-tumorigenic activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 have been linked with oral squamous cell carcinoma, but recently its tumor-suppressor role has also been revealed. Our study provides strong evidence that MMP9 also has an anti-invasive effect in OTSCC and is a potential mediator of the protective effects of arresten in tongue cancer cells<br>Tiivistelmä Makrofageilla on yhteys kielen levyepiteelikarsinooman invaasioon eli syöpäkasvaimen tunkeutumiseen ympäröivään kudokseen. Tutkimuksessamme muokkasimme ihmisen THP-1 leukemiasoluja kemiallisesti tulehdusreittejä aktivoiviksi M1-makrofageiksi, kasvaimeen liittyvien makrofagien kaltaisiksi M2-makrofageiksi sekä imidatsokinoliini-käsitellyiksi R848-makrofageiksi. Tarkoituksenamme oli tutkia makrofagien ja kielisyöpäsolujen vuorovaikutuksia erilaisilla in vitro migraatio- ja invaasiomalleilla. Anti-inflammatoristen, syövän etenemistä edesauttavien TAM-makrofagien kaltaisiksi erilaistetut M2-tyypin makrofagit lisäsivät HSC-3 kielikarsinoomasolujen invaasiota ja migraatiota, kun taas M1-tyypin makrofagien vaikutus oli päinvastainen. Potilaan vaste kemosädehoitoon riippuu syöpäkasvaimen ominaisuuksista, kuten syöpäsolujen aggressiivisuudesta ja syövän levinneisyysasteesta. Tämän vuoksi on tarve uusille menetelmille, joiden avulla voidaan ottaa huomioon potilaan sekä syöpätyypin yksilölliset ominaisuudet hoitoa suunniteltaessa. Testasimme syöpäkasvaimen mikroympäristöä mallintavien, ihmiskudokseen perustuvien menetelmien käyttökelpoisuutta ja luotettavuutta kemosädehoidon vaikutusten arvioimiseen. Testiemme perusteella myoomakudokseen pohjautuvat menetelmät voivat auttaa kemosädehoidon vaikutusten testauksessa. Matriksin metalloproteinaasi (MMP) 9:n on pitkään uskottu olevan yksinomaan syövän etenemistä edesauttava molekyyli. Viimeaikaisissa tutkimuksissa on myös havaittu, että MMP9:llä voi olla syövältä suojaavia vaikutuksia. Tutkimme MMP9:n vaikutusta kielisyöpäsoluihin ja havaitsimme, että MMP9:llä on myös invaasiota hillitseviä vaikutuksia. Lisäksi MMP9 saattaa toimia verisuonten muodostumista estävän arresten-molekyylin syövältä suojaavien mekanismien välittäjänä
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Graffagna, Barry. "Virus Production and Cell Viability of HSV-1-infected Murine Keratinocytes (HEL-30) Co-cultured with Murine Macrophages (RAW 264.7)." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1542212790178886.

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Montefusco, Pereira Carlos Victor [Verfasser]. "3D air-liquid interface culture of Cystic Fibrosis bronchial epithelia, macrophages and P. aeruginosa to assess host-pathogen interaction and drug efficacy / Carlos Victor Montefusco-Pereira." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216503478/34.

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Montefusco-Pereira, Carlos Victor [Verfasser]. "3D air-liquid interface culture of Cystic Fibrosis bronchial epithelia, macrophages and P. aeruginosa to assess host-pathogen interaction and drug efficacy / Carlos Victor Montefusco-Pereira." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216503478/34.

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Houlgatte, Rémi. "Etude de la regulation de la biosynthese du nervegrowth factor." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066299.

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La biosynthese du facteur de croissance du nerf par differentes populations cellulaires en culture a ete etudiee au moyen d'un dosage fiable et sensible (technique elisa a deux sites). Des mecanismes de regulation ont ete mis en evidence
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Book chapters on the topic "Macrophage assays"

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Aribi, Mourad. "Macrophage Bactericidal Assays." In Macrophages. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7837-3_14.

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Mukhopadhyay, Debanjan, and Jeroen P. J. Saeij. "Assays to Evaluate Toxoplasma–Macrophage Interactions." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9857-9_19.

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Pinar, Anita A., and James Harris. "Assays for Measuring the Role of MIF in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation." In Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_14.

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Zamani, Shahrzad, Eric F. Morand, and Jacqueline K. Flynn. "Assays for Inducing and Measuring Cell Death to Detect Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Release." In Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_15.

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Burger, Danielle, and Jean-Michel Dayer. "Assays of T-Cell Contact Dependent Monocyte-Macrophage Functions." In Arthritis Research. Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-402-5_10.

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Nazarova, Evgeniya V., and David G. Russell. "Growing and Handling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Macrophage Infection Assays." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6581-6_22.

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Steinberg, Benjamin E., and Sergio Grinstein. "Analysis of Macrophage Phagocytosis: Quantitative Assays of Phagosome Formation and Maturation Using High-Throughput Fluorescence Microscopy." In Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-396-7_4.

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Taylor, Lewis, Carlota Recio, David R. Greaves, and Asif J. Iqbal. "In Vitro Migration Assays." In Macrophages. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7837-3_19.

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Warheit, David B., Arnold R. Brody, and Mark A. Hartsky. "Predictive Value of In Vitro Pulmonary Macrophage Functional Assays to Assess In Vivo Clearance of Inhaled Particles." In Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cells. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74203-3_44.

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Montaño, Fernando, Sergio Grinstein, and Roni Levin. "Quantitative Phagocytosis Assays in Primary and Cultured Macrophages." In Macrophages. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7837-3_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Macrophage assays"

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Bekova, Radoslava, and Bogdan Prodanov. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF EUTROPHICATION AND HABITAT LOSS IN COAS3TAL LAKES: A CASE STUDY FROM THE KAMCHIYA-SHKORPILOVTSI SECTOR, BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.32.

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The study presents the first comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of eutrophication and the consequent loss of sensitive aquatic habitats in the transitional water bodies along the Kamchiya-Shkorpilovtsi sector of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The research focuses on the Maznia Azmak Lake, an old Kamchiya riverbed integral to the Kamchia Nature Reserve and two Natura 2000 protected areas. The primary objective was to assess the scale and rate of eutrophication and its impact on aquatic habitats, employing modern methodologies such as drone surveys, high-precision GPS geodetic measurements, and bathymetric investigations. Data was gathered from 2019 to 2023, including key physicochemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, and phosphorus). Results indicate that Maznia Azmak Lake exhibited stable pH levels (7.8-8.3) and increasing conductivity (up to 964 ?S/cm), with dissolved oxygen levels varying significantly (4.8-9.3 mg/l). The lake's COD and BOD values suggested moderate organic pollution, with nutrient levels remaining low. Seasonal salinity variations were observed, correlating with low summer water levels and sea wave activity. The macrophyte analysis revealed a heterogeneous mix of species with minimal helophyte dominance. Popovo Blato Lake demonstrated low dissolved oxygen levels and high conductivity (peaking at 992 ?S/cm), with COD reaching 40.6 ml O2/l in September 2023, indicating severe organic pollution. Conversely, Petrovo Blato Lake had variable dissolved oxygen and high conductivity, with low nutrient levels, though occasional COD and BOD peaks suggested episodic pollution events. The mouth of the Fandakliyska River, showing stable pH and conductivity, had relatively higher dissolved oxygen levels, pointing to better overall water quality compared to the lakes. This area's episodic pollution events were reflected in variable COD and BOD values. The results underscore the critical need for ongoing monitoring and targeted interventions to mitigate pollution and preserve these vulnerable aquatic habitats. This pioneering study contributes valuable baseline data and insights into the eutrophication processes affecting the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, emphasizing the importance of preserving these ecosystems for their biodiversity and ecological services.
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DUBOR, F., A. M. DOSNE, and L. CHEDID. "Effect of dexamethasone and endothelial cell supernatant on u-PA produced by human promyelocyte cells treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643191.

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After treatment with PMA the human promyelocytic HL60 cells were induced to differentiate into a monocyte-macrophage population and to produce a high amount of plasminogen activator in the supernatant. This response was detected from 0,5 ng/ml of PMA and culminated at 5 ng. The plasminogen activator appeared of urokinase-type as showed by fibrinenzymographic analysis : the enzymatic profile of cell supernatant showed 2 lysis band (Mr 33.000 and 55.000) corresponding to those of urokinase of low and high mol. weight. Dexamethasone (100 pM) suppressed the production of this macrophage u-PA without evidence of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) generation in the supernatant : free PAI was not detected in urokinase inhibition assays ; complexes of u-PA-PAI were not observed in fibrinoenzymographic studies. Supernatant of human endothelial cells added to HL60 cell supernatant neutralized the two molecular species of macrophage u-PA and gave rise to complexes (Mr 110.000 and 84.000) detected by fibrinoenzymography. These results suggested different possible levels for controlling u-PA of inflammatory macrophages including interaction with endothelial cells secretion since endothelial PAI is increased by some inflammatory monokine and also by dexamethasone, it appears that endothelium could have a regulatory role on inflammatory fibrinolysis.
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Rathjen, Deborah A., and Carolyn L. Geczy. "PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERISATION OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST HUMAN ANTI-THROMBIN III." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644358.

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To study the role of anticoagulants, particularly antithrombin III (AT III) and heparin, on the activation of coagulation by monocytes/macrophages which have been stimulated with a soluble lymphocyte activation product, macrophage procoagulant inducing factor, we have prepared monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to human AT III.In fusion experiments, in contrast to wells containing peritoneal feeder cells, positive hybrids were only found in wells containing medium conditioned by the macrophage cell line J774 (Rathjen and Geczy, 1986). Of 5 hybrids which initially produced antibody, only one hybrid, showed stable Ab production. The MAb, designated 22/23, was not cross-reactive with either 1 antitrypsin or ovalbumin and did not inhibit the biological activity of AT III in chromogenic assays which measured inhibition of thrombin and Factor Xa by AT III. An immunoadsorbent prepared using MAb 22/23 depleted AT III activity from a purified AT III preparation. Reduction and alkylat ion of the disulphide bonds of the protein portion of AT III completely abbrogated MAb binding indicating that the native configuration of AT III was important. Isoelectric focussing of AT III, followed by transfer of the focussed protein to nitrocellulose by diffusion and probing with MAb 22/23, revealed at least 8 bands in the region of pH 5.2 to 5.85. Coomassie blue staining of a gel run in parallel showed 9 bands in this region. The MAb provides a useful tool for the detection of AT III on both cultured cells (bovine aortic endothelial cells are positive by immunofluorescence) and tissue sections.Rathjen, D.A. and Geczy, C.L. Hybridomo. 5s 255-261 (1986)
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Sazinsky, Steve, Ani Nguyen, Mohammad Zafari, et al. "Abstract P105: Targeting VSIG4, a novel macrophage checkpoint, repolarizes suppressive macrophages which induces an inflammatory response in primary cell in vitro assays and fresh human tumor cultures." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; October 7-10, 2021. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-21-p105.

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Adany, R., A. Kiss, J. Kappelmayer, R. J. Ablin, and L. Muszbek. "EXPRESSION OF FACTOR XIII SUBUNIT A IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF HUMAN MACROPHAGES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644651.

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In addition to plasma the presence of subunit a of blood coagulation Factor XIII (FXIIl) has been verified in platelets and megakariocytes. Most recently, we demonstrated that human peripheral blood monocytes also contain FXIII subunit a. The present study was designed 1/ to determine the stage in the maturation sequence of bone marrow monocytopoesis in which FXIII appears 2/ to establish if FXIII is retained during differentiation into macrophages 3/ to assess how general is the presence of FXIII subunit a in different types of macrophages. FXIII subunit a was immunomorphologically detected in bone marrow smears, in cytospin preparations of cells from serous cavities (pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and synovial spaces), and paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded or frozen sections of different organs where classical types of macrophages have been described earlier (liver, lung, thymus, skin, connective tissue, prostate and developing bone) . Cells containing FXIII subunit a were intensively characterized by immunofluorescent and enzymecytochemical techniques in double and treble labeling systems. Its presence was clearly demonstrated in promonocytes of bone marrow, and in all probability, it is present in monoblasts, as well. FXIII was also found in macrophages from different serous cavities and in embryonic osteoclasts. Cells containing FXIII subunit a of connective tissue were found to be tissue histiocytes, and not fibroblasts as previously thought. Kupffer cells of the liver and Langerhans cells of the epidermis were negative supporting theories that these cells are not members of monocyte-derived macrophage cell population. Immunomorphological detection of FXIII subunit a seems to be a useful marker for labeling the continuum of monocyte/macrophage cell line from the earliest ftrais in the bone marrow to the mature forms of macrophages and might be a valuable tool in the cytological diagnosis of malignant disorders of this cell line.
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Bravo, Daniel, Jianyong Wang, and Yongchang Shi. "Abstract 2107: A novel real-time cell imaging assay to quantify macrophage efferocytosis." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2107.

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Birulina, Yu G., V. V. Ivanov, E. E. Buyko, O. V. Voronkova, N. A. Chernyshov, and T. S> Gerashchenko. "CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF MACROPHAGES IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF RATS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-298.

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The aim of the study was to assess the level of CD68-positive macrophages in adipose tissue in rats with of diet-induced MetS against the background of changes in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In animals fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet, there was an increase in body weight, obesity, metabolic disorders, a high concentration of cytokines IL-10 and IL-10, an increase in the content of CD68 macrophages in adipose tissue was observed.
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Twaroski, Kirk, Michelle Curtis, Christie Savic, Madelyn Donegan, and Coby Carlson. "904 iPSC-derived macrophages provide functional reproducibility with a rapid time to assay." In SITC 39th Annual Meeting (SITC 2024) Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2024-sitc2024.0904.

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Maksimova, Ekaterina, Ekaterina Maksimova, Vladimir Zhigulsky, Vladimir Zhigulsky, Vladimir Shuisky, and Vladimir Shuisky. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE MACROPHYTE THICKET ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NEVA BAY AND THE ADJACENT WATERS OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93849b8ce5.05692343.

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The macrophyte thicket ecosystems of higher aquatic vegetation in the Neva Bay (NB) and Eastern Gulf of Finland (EGoF) perform many important roles, including acting as the habitats, nesting sites and migration sites for aquatic and semi-aquatic birds, creating the specific conditions necessary for the spawning and growth of many species of fish, and taking part in the self-purification of the aquatic ecosystems. Many anthropogenic disturbances, hydraulic works in particular, have a significant negative impact on these macrophyte thicket ecosystems. In recent years, the active growth of a new type of macrophyte thicket has been observed in the NB. This is due to the aftereffects of the construction of the Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex (FPFC). It is quite likely that the total macrophyte thicket area in these waters is currently increasing. In the future, it will be necessary to assess the environmental impacts of the hydraulic works on the macrophyte thicket of the NB and EGoF, taking into account the background processes of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the reed beds in the waters in question. To do this, it will be necessary to carry out a comprehensive study of these ecosystems and identify patterns in their spatial and temporal dynamics. The program of the study has been developed and is currently being implemented by Eco-Express-Service, a St. Petersburg eco-design company.
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Maksimova, Ekaterina, Ekaterina Maksimova, Vladimir Zhigulsky, Vladimir Zhigulsky, Vladimir Shuisky, and Vladimir Shuisky. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE MACROPHYTE THICKET ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NEVA BAY AND THE ADJACENT WATERS OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431672d7ed.

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The macrophyte thicket ecosystems of higher aquatic vegetation in the Neva Bay (NB) and Eastern Gulf of Finland (EGoF) perform many important roles, including acting as the habitats, nesting sites and migration sites for aquatic and semi-aquatic birds, creating the specific conditions necessary for the spawning and growth of many species of fish, and taking part in the self-purification of the aquatic ecosystems. Many anthropogenic disturbances, hydraulic works in particular, have a significant negative impact on these macrophyte thicket ecosystems. In recent years, the active growth of a new type of macrophyte thicket has been observed in the NB. This is due to the aftereffects of the construction of the Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex (FPFC). It is quite likely that the total macrophyte thicket area in these waters is currently increasing. In the future, it will be necessary to assess the environmental impacts of the hydraulic works on the macrophyte thicket of the NB and EGoF, taking into account the background processes of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the reed beds in the waters in question. To do this, it will be necessary to carry out a comprehensive study of these ecosystems and identify patterns in their spatial and temporal dynamics. The program of the study has been developed and is currently being implemented by Eco-Express-Service, a St. Petersburg eco-design company.
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Reports on the topic "Macrophage assays"

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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Splitter, Gary, and Menachem Banai. Microarray Analysis of Brucella melitensis Pathogenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709884.bard.

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Original Objectives 1. To determine the Brucella genes that lead to chronic macrophage infection. 2. To identify Brucella genes that contribute to infection. 3. To confirm the importance of Brucella genes in macrophages and placental cells by mutational analysis. Background Brucella spp. is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that infects ruminants causing abortion or birth of severely debilitated animals. Brucellosis continues in Israel, caused by B. melitensis despite an intensive eradication campaign. Problems with the Rev1 vaccine emphasize the need for a greater understanding of Brucella pathogenesis that could improve vaccine designs. Virulent Brucella has developed a successful strategy for survival in its host and transmission to other hosts. To invade the host, virulent Brucella establishes an intracellular niche within macrophages avoiding macrophage killing, ensuring its long-term survival. Then, to exit the host, Brucella uses placenta where it replicates to high numbers resulting in abortion. Also, Brucella traffics to the mammary gland where it is secreted in milk. Missing from our understanding of brucellosis is the surprisingly lillie basic information detailing the mechanisms that permit bacterial persistence in infected macrophages (chronic infection) and dissemination to other animals from infected placental cells and milk (acute infection). Microarray analysis is a powerful approach to determine global gene expression in bacteria. The close genomic similarities of Brucella species and our recent comparative genomic studies of Brucella species using our B. melitensis microarray, suqqests that the data obtained from studying B. melitensis 16M would enable understanding the pathogenicity of other Brucella organisms, particularly the diverse B. melitensis variants that confound Brucella eradication in Israel. Conclusions Results from our BARD studies have identified previously unknown mechanisms of Brucella melitensis pathogenesis- i.e., response to blue light, quorum sensing, second messenger signaling by cyclic di-GMP, the importance of genomic island 2 for lipopolysaccharide in the outer bacterial membrane, and the role of a TIR domain containing protein that mimics a host intracellular signaling molecule. Each one of these pathogenic mechanisms offers major steps in our understanding of Brucella pathogenesis. Strikingly, our molecular results have correlated well to the pathognomonic profile of the disease. We have shown that infected cattle do not elicit antibodies to the organisms at the onset of infection, in correlation to the stealth pathogenesis shown by a molecular approach. Moreover, our field studies have shown that Brucella exploit this time frame to transmit in nature by synchronizing their life cycle to the gestation cycle of their host succumbing to abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy that spreads massive numbers of organisms in the environment. Knowing the bacterial mechanisms that contribute to the virulence of Brucella in its host has initiated the agricultural opportunities for developing new vaccines and diagnostic assays as well as improving control and eradication campaigns based on herd management and linking diagnosis to the pregnancy status of the animals. Scientific and Agricultural Implications Our BARD funded studies have revealed important Brucella virulence mechanisms of pathogenesis. Our publication in Science has identified a highly novel concept where Brucella utilizes blue light to increase its virulence similar to some plant bacterial pathogens. Further, our studies have revealed bacterial second messengers that regulate virulence, quorum sensing mechanisms permitting bacteria to evaluate their environment, and a genomic island that controls synthesis of its lipopolysaccharide surface. Discussions are ongoing with a vaccine company for application of this genomic island knowledge in a Brucella vaccine by the U.S. lab. Also, our new technology of bioengineering bioluminescent Brucella has resulted in a spin-off application for diagnosis of Brucella infected animals by the Israeli lab by prioritizing bacterial diagnosis over serological diagnosis.
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Bercovier, Herve, and Paul Frelier. Pathogenic Streptococcus in Tilapia: Rapid Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568776.bard.

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Within the project "Pathogenic Streptococcus in Tilapia", gram positive cocci pathogens of fish in Israel and in the United States were characterized. We showed that Streptococcus shiloi, the name for an agent causing septicemic infection in fish, is a junior synonym of Streptococcus iniae and that Enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of Lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicemia and meningo-encephalitis in fish. Molecular epidemiology studies on these two pathogens, based on 16S rDNA sequences and ribotyping showed that although each country had specific clones, S. iniae originated probably from the U.S. and L. garvieae from Japan. PCR assays were developed for both pathogens and applied to clinical samples. S. agalactiael S. difficile was also recognized for the first time in the U.S. in tilapia. Our histopathological studies explained the noted paradox (abundant in vitro growth often accompanied by scant to small numbers of organisms within the meninges in histologic sections of brain) in diagnostic of fish streptococcus. The greatest concentration of cocci were consistently observed within macrophages infiltrating the extrameningeal fibroadipose tissue surrounding the brain within the calvarium. These results also suggests that the primary route of meningeal infection may be extension from the extrameningeal connective tissue rather than meningeal vascular emigration of cocci-containing macrophages. Our work has resulted in a cognizance of streptococcus as fish pathogen which goes beyond the pathology observed in tilapia and is already extended to many aquaculture fish species in Israel and in the United States. Finally, our data suggest that vaccines (bivalent or trivalent) could be developed to prevent most of the damages caused by streptococcus in aquaculture.
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Use of thematic mapper imagery to assess water quality, trophic state, and macrophyte distributions in Massachusetts lakes. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri014016.

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