Academic literature on the topic 'Madagascar'

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Journal articles on the topic "Madagascar"

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Renner, Susanne S. "Multiple Miocene Melastomataceae dispersal between Madagascar, Africa and India." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1450 (2004): 1485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1530.

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Melastomataceae sensu stricto (excluding Memecylaceae) comprise some 3000 species in the neotropics, 1000 in Asia, 240 in Africa, and 230 in Madagascar. Previous family–wide morphological and DNA analyses have shown that the Madagascan species belong to at least three unrelated lineages, which were hypothesized to have arrived by trans–oceanic dispersal. An alternative hypothesis posits that the ancestors of Madagascan, as well as Indian, Melastomataceae arrived from Africa in the Late Cretaceous. This study tests these hypotheses in a Bayesian framework, using three combined sequence datasets analysed under a relaxed clock and simultaneously calibrated with fossils, some not previously used. The new fossil calibration comes from a re–dated possibly Middle or Upper Eocene Brazilian fossil of Melastomeae. Tectonic events were also tentatively used as constraints because of concerns that some of the family's fossils are difficult to assign to nodes in the phylogeny. Regardless of how the data were calibrated, the estimated divergence times of Madagascan and Indian lineages were too young for Cretaceous explanations to hold. This was true even of the oldest ages within the 95% credibility interval around each estimate. Madagascar's Melastomeae appear to have arrived from Africa during the Miocene. Medinilla , with some 70 species in Madagascar and two in Africa, too, arrived during the Miocene, but from Asia. Gravesia , with 100 species in Madagascar and four in east and west Africa, also appears to date to the Miocene, but its monophyly has not been tested. The study afforded an opportunity to compare divergence time estimates obtained earlier with strict clocks and single calibrations, with estimates based on relaxed clocks and different multiple calibrations and taxon sampling.
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Guo, Yuchen. "Infrastructure and Human Capital Investment in Madagascar." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 49, no. 1 (2024): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/49/20232064.

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Madagascar, an island country that separated from mainland Africa 80 million years ago, has inherent advantages that potentially allow it to develop a tourism industry that could lead the country out of poverty. However, due to reasons such as political instability or difficulty during implementation, Madagascar has yet to improve its economic conditions. This work puts forth an implementable set of actions, mainly composed of investment in infrastructure and human capital around Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, that may improve Madagascars current economic situation. Although many difficulties during implementation can be predicted, it is believed that Madagascars unique biodiversity, especially in Andasibe, could create significant changes. By comparing Andasibes situation with other East African countries national parks, this work attempts to prove how this investment may lead Madagascar to develop a strong tourism industry, leading the whole country to take another step towards industrialization.
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Sukhorukov, A. P., M. a. Kushunina, V. Yu Alyonkin, Jean Hivert, and Vincent Boullet. "Notes on the samphires (Salicornioideae, Chenopodiaceae–Amaranthaceae) in Madagascar and Europa Island, with further conclusions on their chorology in Africa." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 52 (2021): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2021.52.38.

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The last treatment of Chenopodiaceae in Madagascar was published in 1954 and since then, the generic circumscription of Chenopodiaceae including Salicornioideae has changed drastically. The Madagascan Salicornioideae (samphires) are still insufficiently studied. Salicornia pachystachya described from Madagascar had a turbulent nomenclatural and morphological history, frequently considered as Arthrocnemum pachystachyum due to the alleged similarity of the seed characters with other Arthrocnemum species, or considered in a broader sense including the related Salicornia perrieri. However, the reproductive features of S. pachystachya confirm its placement within Salicornia, and the thick inflorescences and longer seeds distinguish it from S. perrieri, another native Madagascan species. Two other members of Salicornioideae in Madagascar are the subshrubby Salicornia mossambicensis, erroneously named S. fruticosa or Arthrocnemum natalense, and Tecticornia indica. Herein, a diagnostic key is provided for the delimitation of four samphire species in Madagascar, and the lectotypes of Salicornia pachystachya and S. perrieri are designated. Only two species, S. pachystachya and Tecticornia indica, are recorded for Europa Island, and their habitat preferences in this location are presented, as well as a discussion of the species composition and chorology of samphires in continental Africa.
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RATSOAVINA, FANOMEZANA M., PHILIP-SEBASTIAN GEHRING, FREDDY J. RANAIVOARISOA, et al. "Molecular phylogeography of a widespread Malagasy leaf chameleon species, Brookesia superciliaris." Zootaxa 2554, no. 1 (2010): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2554.1.5.

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Chameleons of the Madagascan endemic genus Brookesia Gray are small to extremely small reptiles with a mostly terrestrial lifestyle, and due to their low mobility and their camouflage they are nearly invisible in the leaf litter of Madagascar's forests. The genus Brookesia is widely distributed (except in the arid south and south-west) but many Brookesia species are restricted to a relatively small area of the island (Glaw & Vences 2007). Speciation has been most prolific in the northern parts of Madagascar, an area that currently host about two-thirds of the 27 nominal Brookesia species (Raxworthy & Nussbaum 1995; Glaw & Vences 2007; Townsend et al. 2009).
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TASZAKOWSKI, ARTUR, ADRIAN MASŁOWSKI, ANDRZEJ WOLSKI, and JACEK GORCZYCA. "Two new genera and species of the Fulviini (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae) from Madagascar, with a checklist of Madagascan cylapines." Zootaxa 5209, no. 1 (2022): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.5.

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Two new genera, each represented by a single new species, Cassisotropis aciformis Taszakowski et al. gen. et sp. nov. and Infernotropis madagascariensis Taszakowski et al. gen. et sp. nov. are described from Madagascar. Photographs and SEM micrographs of the male and female habitus, genital structures and selected morphological structures are presented. The first record of Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter, 1875) in Madagascar and the checklist of Madagascan cylapines are also provided.
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FISCHER, EBERHARD, JACKY LUCIEN ANDRIANTIANA, and ANTON SIEDER. "Lindernia barthlottii (Linderniaceae), a new species from inselbergs in Madagascar." Phytotaxa 626, no. 3 (2023): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.626.3.5.

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The new species Lindernia barthlottii from an inselberg in Northern Madagascar is described and illustrated. It differs from all Madagascan Lindernia species in the small rosulate habit with condensed stems, the broad obtuse sepals, and the large and except for the palate entirely blue corolla. A short discussion on the other four species of Linderniaceae (Linderniella cerastioides, L. horombensis, L. pygmaea, Crepidorhopalon microcarpaeoides) endemic to inselbergs in Madagascar is provided.
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Ardalan, Arman, Mattias C. R. Oskarsson, Barbara van Asch, Elisabeth Rabakonandriania, and Peter Savolainen. "African origin for Madagascan dogs revealed by mtDNA analysis." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 5 (2015): 140552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140552.

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Madagascar was one of the last major land masses to be inhabited by humans. It was initially colonized by Austronesian speaking Indonesians 1500–2000 years ago, but subsequent migration from Africa has resulted in approximately equal genetic contributions from Indonesia and Africa, and the material culture has mainly African influences. The dog, along with the pig and the chicken, was part of the Austronesian Neolithic culture, and was furthermore the only domestic animal to accompany humans to every continent in ancient times. To illuminate Madagascan cultural origins and track the initial worldwide dispersal of dogs, we here investigated the ancestry of Madagascan dogs. We analysed mtDNA control region sequences in dogs from Madagascar ( n =145) and compared it with that from potential ancestral populations in Island Southeast Asia ( n =219) and sub-Saharan Africa ( n =493). We found that 90% of the Madagascan dogs carried a haplotype that was also present in sub-Saharan Africa and that the remaining lineages could all be attributed to a likely origin in Africa. By contrast, only 26% of Madagascan dogs shared haplotypes with Indonesian dogs, and one haplotype typical for Austronesian dogs, carried by more than 40% of Indonesian and Polynesian dogs, was absent among the Madagascan dogs. Thus, in contrast to the human population, Madagascan dogs seem to trace their origin entirely from Africa. These results suggest that dogs were not brought to Madagascar by the initial Austronesian speaking colonizers on their transoceanic voyage, but were introduced at a later stage, together with human migration and cultural influence from Africa.
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Yang, Ming-Jian, Yong-Jun Di, Da Zhang, Da-Tian Wu, Ye Fang, and Xin-Ming Zhang. "A New Insight into the Genesis of Graphite Deposits in Madagascar Using U‒Pb Zircon Dating and Electron Microprobe Analysis." Minerals 14, no. 5 (2024): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14050484.

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Madagascar is globally recognized as an important producer of high-quality flaky graphite. However, current research on graphite deposits in Madagascar remains insufficient. Previous studies have linked the genesis of Madagascan graphite deposits to the metamorphism of sedimentary organic matter. Here, we provide a case study of graphite deposits in Madagascar, combining new data from the Ambahita graphite deposit (AMG) in southern Madagascar with data from the Antanisoa graphite deposit (ANG) in central Madagascar and the Vohitasara graphite deposit (VOG) on the east coast of Madagascar. We note that the mineral assemblages of graphite-bearing rocks in the AMG, ANG, and VOG are not typical of metamorphic mineral assemblages but rather the results of filling and metasomatism by mantle-derived fluids that occurred after peak metamorphism. Electron microprobe analysis indicates that the graphite of the AMG, VOG, and ANG is usually associated with phlogopite or Mg-biotite; the phlogopite shares a common genesis with other widespread phlogopite deposits across Madagascar. We reveal that the distribution of graphite deposits in Madagascar is primarily controlled by ductile shear zones between blocks. Ductile shear zones that extend deep into the mantle can provide an ideal migration channel and architecture for the emplacement of mantle-derived fluids. The graphite mineralization formed no earlier than the peak metamorphism (490 Ma) and no later than the intrusion of pegmatite veins (389 ± 5 Ma). The distribution of graphite deposits, graphite orebody morphologies, mineral associations, and geochemical data suggest that the genesis of graphite deposits in Madagascar is linked to mantle-derived fluid filling rather than the metamorphism of sediments, as previously suggested. These findings have important implications for similar deposits in Madagascar and potentially globally.
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Procheş, Şerban, and Syd Ramdhani. "Analyses towards determining Madagascar’s place in global biogeography." Current Zoology 58, no. 3 (2012): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.3.363.

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Abstract The relationships of Madagascan plant and animal taxa have been the object of much fascination, Madagascar sharing numerous lineages with Africa, others with Asia, Australia, or the Americas, and many others being of uncertain relationships. In commonly accepted global regionalization schemata, Madagascar is treated together with Africa for animals, and with Africa, tropical Asia and the Pacific islands in the case of plants. Here we examine the similarities between the biotic assemblages of (i) tropical Africa, (ii) Madagascar, and (iii) the rest of the world, on a basic taxonomic level, considering the families of vascular plants and vertebrates as analysis units. The percentages of endemic families, families shared pair-wise between regions, or present in all three, are roughly similar between the two broad groups, though plant families with ranges limited to one region are proportionally fewer. In dendrograms and multidimensional scaling plots for different groups, Madagascar clusters together with Africa, Asia or both, and sometimes with smaller Indian Ocean Islands, but quite often (though not in plants) as a convincingly separate cluster. Our results for vertebrates justify the status of full zoogeographic region for Madagascar, though an equally high rank in geobotanical regionalization would mean also treating Africa and Tropical Asia as separate units, which would be debatable given the overall greater uniformity of plant assemblages. Beyond the Madagascan focus of this paper, the differences between plant and vertebrate clusters shown here suggest different levels of ecological plasticity at the same taxonomic level, with plant families being much more environmentally-bound, and thus clustering along biome lines rather than regional lines.
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De Block, Petra, and Tianjanahary Randriamboavonjy. "Three new species of Craterispermum (Rubiaceae) from Madagascar." Phytotaxa 206, no. 1 (2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.206.1.11.

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The Afro-Madagascan genus Craterispermum (Craterispermeae, Rubiaceae) is taxonomically badly known. Hitherto, no species were described from Madagascar, although several taxa occur in the humid lowland forests in the eastern and northern regions of the island. In this contribution three new Madagascan Craterispermum species are described, C. motleyanum, C. puffianum and C. cervicorne. All are illustrated and their distribution is discussed. An identification key for the three new species is given.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Madagascar"

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Kudrlová, Michaela. "Madagascar." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2931.

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Práce seznamuje se základními informacemi o Madagaskaru v oblasti geografie,obyvatelstva a ekonomie. Práce hodnotí vývoj ekonomické situace na Madagaskaru od období francouzského kolonialismu, přes boj za získání nezávislosti a přes období socialismu do dnešních dní.
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Bechtloff, Dagmar. "Madagaskar und die Missionare : technisch-zivilisatorische Transfers in der Früh- und Endphase europäischer Expansionsbestrebungen /." Stuttgart : Steiner, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/345279883.pdf.

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Combémorel, Raymond. "Les bélemnites de Madagascar." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10022.

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Etude des belemnites de madagascar. On decrit 43 especes dont 18 nouveaux taxons et 10 especes typiquement malgaches. On precise leur extension stratigraphique: du bathonien superieur au turonien. On etudie l'endemisme de certaines especes, les affinites de cette faune avec celle d'autres parties du globe, ainsi que les influences tethysiennes
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Lejeune, Xavier. "Madagascar, un territoire national ?" Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUEL006.

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L'entité politique nationale « Madagascar » survit à des crises politiques cycliques. L'appareil étatique, dont le contrôle fait l'objet d'une lutte constante, se délite et est déconsidéré par ses citoyens. L'existence de Madagascar comme territoire national constitue notre champ d'étude. La recherche croise travaux existants et enquête de terrain, considérant Madagascar comme une production sociale. On peut identifier, notamment par un détour sociolinguistique : un rapport particulier à l'espace, des conceptions culturelles particulières, une géographicité, une médiance. Le rapport à l'être et au monde est formulé sans se couper du Monde. Certains lieux, tout particulièrement les tombeaux, sont porteurs de valeurs sociales et spatiales. Ils sont des géosymboles ponctuant l'espace malgache, susceptibles d'être employés dans des usages patrimoniaux. Ces jalons conduisent la réflexion sur les questions identitaires à Madagascar. Nous mettrons en lumière les formulations de nos interlocuteurs et présenterons la complexité d'un territoire national revendiqué comme une île, mais vécu plutôt comme un continent. Ce constat conduit à réfléchir sur la cohabitation à Madagascar. Une géographie historique présente les structures politiques anciennes, pour interpréter les instrumentalisations opérées. Enfin, si cet Etat permet aux Malgaches de prendre place dans le Monde, nous montreront que s'y expriment aussi des forces centrifuges tendancieuses, dans un contexte de décentralisation<br>Madagascar, understood as a national and political entity seems to recover from a series of cyclic crisis. The organization of the State, object of constant strife, is weakening and it has lost credit in the face of its citizens. This study aims at giving an evaluation of the cohesion of Madagascar as a national territory. To achieve this, new field research has been made to complete and re-asses previous research on Madagascar as a social construction. In a socio-linguistic scope, we have identified : a particular relation to space as well as cultural relations to the territory, geographicity, and a mediance. Relations to the being and to the world are expressed without being disconnected to the World. Some places, particularly tombs, bear social and spacial values. These geographic symbols are landmarks to the Malagasy territory and can be used as patrimonial landmarks. These questions lead to reflect on issues linked to questions of identity in Madagascar, highlighting first, the way people interviewed formulate their relation to their territory and, second, the complexity of a national territory presented as an island but actually lived (seen ?) as a being continent. Incidentally, one can wonder how cohabitation between inhabitants actually takes place in Madagascar. A historical geography of Madagascar presents its former political structures in order to comprehend how they are being used in the political field. Finally, even though the State allows its people to be part of the World, there are centrifugal forces operating with unclear and biased intentions in a context of decentralization
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Combémorel, Raymond. "Les Bélemnites de Madagascar." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604181f.

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Peyrusaubes, Daniel. ""Ma part de nuage" : climat et société en Imerina centre-oriental (Madagascar)." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5004.

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La relation entre l'homme et le climat est une histoire très ancienne. Dans le temps et dans l'espace, les sociétés doivent composer avec les faits atmosphériques. Le contexte de changement climatique, avéré ou pas, donne une nouvelle impulsion à cette thématique. Il donne, en particulier, l'occasion d'interroger un champ de recherche plutôt confidentiel en géoclimatologie, celui de la perception et du vécu du climat par les populations. Ce travail explore cette orientation de recherche sur les Hautes Terres de Madagascar, en pays merina. Il s'agit, dans un premier temps, de définir une saisonnalité climatique à partir de l'analyse diachronique de paramètres météorologiques (températures, précipitations, vents, humidité, index de Showalter, eau précipitable). L'approche est bidimensionnelle, puisqu'elle compile une étude de surface mais aussi d'altitude, grâce à des données de radiosondages. L'examen de types de temps caractéristiques des lieux établit une transition avec le second moment de cette recherche. L'accent est porté sur les rapports qu'entretiennent les communautés rurales du secteur d'études avec le temps qu'il fait. Sur la base d'entretiens réalisés in situ, tout un corpus relevant de fines connaissance individuelles et collectives, de pragmatisme paysan face aux vicissitudes météoroclimatiques, de pratiques culturelles originales, est donné à la lecture. La confrontation entre savoirs savants et savoirs vernaculaires donne des résultats intéressants, dans la mesure où les seconds viennent parfois compléter avec pertinence les lacunes des premiers. De la culture des champs (de riz) à une culture météoroclimatique, telle est la dimension finale donnée à ce travail<br>The relation between man and climate is a very old story. Human communities have always had to compromise with atmospheric facts. The climatic change context, whether it is recognized or not, gives a fresh impetus to this line of research. It offers, in particular, an opportunity to investigate a field which up to now has not obtained much attention in geoclimatology, i. E. The way in which communities perceive and ajust to climate. The present work explores this subject in the Highlands of Madagascar, in Merina country. It starts out with an attempt to establish a climatic seasonality based on the diachronic analysis of such weather parameters as temperatures, precipitations, winds, humidity, Showalter index, and precipitable water. This approach is bidimensional, since it compiles a study of both surface and altitude, using radiosonde explorations data. The examination of some characteristic weather types ushers in the second part of this work, which focuses on the relations between weather and the rural communities of the area under consideration. On the basis of interviews carried out in situ, a whole corpus of local knowledge is presented to reader, which compounds individual and collective experience in handling meteoroclimatic vicissitudes and original cultural practice. Confronting erudite knowledge with vernacular knowledge produces interesting results, insofar as the latter may at timpes supplement what the former has overlooked. From the culture of the rice field to a meteoroclimatic culture, such is the span of this work
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Andrianaivoarimanana, Voahangy Michèle. "Réponse immunitaire de Rattus rattus contre Yersinia pestis : implication dans la stabilisation des foyers pesteux à Madagascar." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0022.

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La persistance de la peste à Madagascar est mal élucidée. Rattus rattus est le principal réservoir. L’objectif de cette étude est de décrire sa réponse immunitaire à l’infection et son rôle dans la persistance de la maladie. Des rats sains de terrain et d’élevage (F1) ont été inoculés avec Yersinia pestis pour suivre leur survie et l’apparition de l’immunité. Pour les rats de zone d’endémie pesteuse, une résistance naturelle est décrite et transmissible à la descendance. L’analyse du transcriptome des PBMC à J5 post-infection montre une activation différentielle des voies de l’inflammation et de l’apoptose selon l’origine géographique du rat qui pourrait expliquer cette résistance. De même l’inoculation de très faibles doses de bactéries induit une réponse immunitaire rapide qui augmente la survie des rats et les protège d’une réinfection ultérieure. La résistance du rat noir à la peste présente ainsi à la fois une base génétique et immunologique et permet la persistance de la maladie<br>The reasons for plague persistence in Madagascar remain unclear. Rattus rattus is the main reservoir. The aim of this work is to describe the immune response to infection and its role in the persistence of the disease. Healthy field and bred (F1) rats were inoculated with Yersinia pestis to follow-up their survival and the occurrence of immunity. Natural resistance in rats from plague focus is described and is transmitted to offspring. Transcriptome analysis of PBMC at day5 post-infection showed a differential activation of inflammatory pathways and apoptosis according to the geographical origin of the rat that may explain this resistance. Similarly, the inoculation of very low doses of bacteria induced a rapid immune response that increases the survival of rats and protects against subsequent reinfection. Plague resistance in black rats has both a genetic and immunological basis and allows the persistence of the disease
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Chrétien-Vernicos, Geneviève. "Nom et monde à Madagascar." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010263.

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Cette thèse entend montrer que le nom malgache est en parfaite cohérence avec le monde dont il fait partie. Ses caractères, individuel et changeant, reflètent la conception de la personne humaine qui se construit peu à peu. Les manières de faire à son égard correspondent à la conception de la famille hiérarchisée par génération et d'où le couple est absent. La signification des noms correspond à une vision du monde ou visible et invisible se côtoient et où le verbe est action. La diversité des formes contemporaines du nom à Madagascar est à l'image du monde malgache actuel qui n'est plus "un" mais multiple et ou la coutume a su s'adapter aux circonstances nouvelles<br>This thesis intends to show how the Malagasy name reflects the malagasy way of thinking the world. The mutability of the names and the practice of tecknonymy are in accordance with the evolutionary conception of the human being. The different ways of using (or not using) names show the familial hierarchy in descent groups where the conjugal couple is lacking. The meaning of names the reasons for taking a new name reflect an oral culture where naming and acting are synonym. Today, the large variety in the form of the names and in the custums about the name, due to numerous influences, among them the tradition itself, are the reflexion of the multiplicity of the worlds in which the contemporary malagasy lives
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Ndaule, Eric. "Cataract surgical services in Madagascar." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29835.

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Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate cataract surgical services in Madagascar to help guide the national eye health program. Methods: A retrospective study that used cataract surgical data collected between January 1st and December 31st, 2012 in 8 regional capitals (districts) of Madagascar. 1072 cataract operated eyes from 8 regional capitals supported by Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology (KCCO) satellite centers were analysed. Results: The study findings demonstrated a borderline post-operative visual acuity outcome after 24 hours but showed visual improvements 4 weeks after follow up. Males were more likely to have cataract surgeries compared to females. The cataract surgery rate (CSR) was 1467 in 8 regional capitals of Madagascar. Conclusion: This study demonstrated unequal distribution of cataract surgical services in Madagascar. Therefore, the findings of this study could be used to advocate for equitable provision of cataract surgery across all regions in Madagascar.
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Duchemin, Jean-Bernard. "Biogéographie des puces de Madagascar." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002128810204611&vid=upec.

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Un important effort d'échantillonnage au niveau des forêts de Madagascar a permis la récolte d'un grand nombre de puces. Dix nouvelles espèces de Leptopsyllinae endémiques ont été décrites. Les données obtenues ont permis la rédaction d'un catalogue actualisé et d'une clef dichotomique d'identification illustrée. L'analyse multivariée de la distribution des puces dans les différents sites forestiers a montré une importance des facteurs abiotiques tels que la température et l'appartenance aux différents massifs et une liaison forte avec la biodiversité des mammifères. Une analyse morphologique a permis de définir les grandes lignes des liens d'ordre systématique parmi les Leptopsyllinae endémiques. Ces liaisons ont été confirmées par l'utilisation de marqueurs moléculaires d'ARN ribosomal et font proposer une hypothèse de spéciation, dans le genre Paractenopsyllus, liée aux évènements climatiques anciens. L'origine des Ceratophyllidae est discutée à la lumière de ces nouvelles données<br>Following considerable sampling in malagasy forests, ten new species of endemic fleas are described. Data allow us to build an up-to-date catalog and an illustrated identification key of the fleas of Madagascar. Multivariate analysis of fleas distributions among the forests sites show a strong influence of abiotic factors as temperature and a major linkage with mammal biodiversity. Analysis of morphological characters make us design the plan of the systematics of malagasy fleas, specially for the Leptopsyllinae sub-family. Nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal RNA markers have been used for phylogeny. In accordance with morphological and ecological data, molecular trees show structuration of species of Paractenopsyllus genus with disjuncte mountains. Such a pattern may be explained by vicariance driven by ancient climatic events. At an upper and inter-continental level, our data make us propose the hypothesis of african origin for the Ceratophyllidae family
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Books on the topic "Madagascar"

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Simard, François. Madagascar. Ministère des relations internationales, Direction Afrique et Moyen-Orient, 1987.

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Vérin, Pierre. Madagascar. Karthala, 1990.

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Rider, Béatrice Le. Madagascar. Editions Atlas, 1998.

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Sylvain, Urfer, ed. Madagascar. Cavalier bleu, 2010.

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Abdul, Latif Zawiah, ed. Madagascar. 2nd ed. Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2008.

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Perrin, Franç̧ois. Madagascar. Éditions Orphie, 2019.

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LeapFrog (Firm). Madagascar. LeapFrog, 2004.

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Filou, Emilie. Madagascar. 7th ed. Lonely Planet Publications, 2012.

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Blauer, Ettagale. Madagascar. Children's Press, 1999.

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Ellis, Royston. Madagascar. G. Stevens Pub., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Madagascar"

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Morrison, Donald George, Robert Cameron Mitchell, and John Naber Paden. "Madagascar." In Black Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11023-0_34.

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Taylor, Ann C. M. "Madagascar." In International Handbook of Universities. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12912-6_90.

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Eberhard, F. "Madagascar." In International Handbook of Universities. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09323-6_65.

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Turner, Barry. "Madagascar." In The Stateman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_213.

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Turner, Barry. "Madagascar." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_213.

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Lebigre*, Jean-Michel. "Madagascar." In Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8639-7_204.

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Turner, Barry. "Madagascar." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_266.

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Heath-Brown, Nick. "Madagascar." In The Stateman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8_268.

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Turner, Barry. "Madagascar." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_213.

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Turner, Barry. "Madagascar." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58635-6_211.

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Conference papers on the topic "Madagascar"

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Hare, Jeff. "Madagascar." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 computer animation festival. ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1400468.1400517.

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Andriamifidy, Bob. "Opportunity to assist in the expansion of high-quality soybean feed and edible oil production in Madagascar." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lamb7492.

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Madagascar has a population of over 28,000,000 people, of which 48% are food insecure, and 80% are involved in agriculture (reliefweb.int, 2022). Madagascar's prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years is 41.5% (Global-nutrition report, 2018). Additionally, UNICEF reports that drought in the southern region will increase acute childhood malnutrition fourfold over their 2020 assessment. Soybean, a nutrient dense ingredient for human and animal consumption, may ameliorate undernutrition in Madagascar. Traditionally, soybean meal and oil were imported at an annual rate of approximately 50,000 metric tons of meal, and 75,000 liters of edible oil. More recent hikes in transportation costs and 30% tariffs, make production of quality feed, and edible oil from imported oilseeds impractical. To improve nutrition and farmer livelihoods, soybean must be locally cultivated and processed. Madagascar is suited to grow soybean with 8 million HA of cultivable land (FAO 2016) and average rainfall of 1,500 mm during a 6-month rainy season. AGRIVAL is a Malagasy animal feed company, serving smallholder poultry growers. In reaction to increasing prices for imported soybean, the company created a 5-year strategy to strengthen its feed production capacity, expand processing to edible oils, and purchase locally grown soybean from Malagasy smallholder farmers. Contracts for new equipment include an oil expeller. Agrival partnered with Cultivating New Frontiers in Africa (CNFA) and the Soybean Innovation Lab (SIL) to grow soybeans and requests technical assistance with meal and oil production from their partnership with AOCS, under the Farmer-to-Farmer USAID program. To date, farmers have been trained and are growing soybeans in Madagascar. Agrival requests technical assistance from oilseed industry professionals, to better incorporate newly arriving equipment, and ramp up high-quality production. This Project will produce high-quality, lower priced animal and human food for the Malagasy people and create thousands of jobs in agriculture and industry.
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Kermel, Laurent. "Crowds in Madagascar." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses. ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1198555.1198676.

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Ratomaharo, J., T. A. Rafanomezantsoa, V. Andriananja, R. M. Andrianasolo, M. randria, and R. Andriamihaja. "Characterizing Asthma in Madagascar." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a1309.

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Mykhailov, V. "Ore region Ambatofinandrahana (Madagascar)." In 16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2022580027.

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Ratsimandresy, R., E. A. Raveloson, and J. V. Lalaharisaina. "Environment and Petroleum Exploration in Madagascar." In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/23344-ms.

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Boucher, Evan, and Nathaniel Dirksen. "Rigging octopuses in Penguins of Madagascar." In DigiPro '15: The Digital Production Symposium. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2791261.2791274.

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Andrianandrasana, N., N. Randriamanovontsoa, M. Razakanaivo, F. Ramarosaonina, and F. Rafaramino. "298 Cervical cancer in Toamasina, Madagascar." In IGCS 2020 Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-igcs.257.

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Razafindrakoto, B., C. Raharimananirina, L. Pastor, H. Rakotondramano, and T. Randriamiarantsoa. "Gravity Modeling of the Southern Madagascar Plateau." In Third EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702436.

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Bauman, Paul. "Geoelectrical Exploration for Heavy Oil in Madagascar." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2012. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.4721696.

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Reports on the topic "Madagascar"

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Cardiff, Scott, and Richard Jenkins. The Bats of Madagascar: A Conservation Challenge. American Museum of Natural History, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0141.

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This module looks at the conservation outlook for Madagascar’s bats. Madagascar has nearly 40 recognized species of bats, distributed among seven families, over half of which are endemic to the island, including the family Myzopodidae. While some are recognized as threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, most of Madagascar’s bat species are actually too poorly studied to estimate their conservation status. Further research is needed on the important aspects of bat ecology: roosting patterns and preferences, foraging and habitat use, and diet. Bats perform several important ecosystem services, including pollination and seed dispersal. However, they nevertheless face several common threats such as hunting, persecution, deforestation, and disturbances due to tourism and mining.
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Narvaez, Liliana, and Caitlyn Eberle. Technical Report: Southern Madagascar food insecurity. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/jvwr3574.

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Southern Madagascar’s worst drought in 40 years had devastating cumulative effects on harvest and livelihoods. On top of this, frequent sandstorms and pest infestations have led to severe stress on vegetation triggering a drastic decline in rice, maize and cassava production. These environmental aspects, combined with a lack of livelihood diversification and ongoing poverty, the presence of cattle raiders and restrictive government decisions, have driven the population of southern Madagascar to acute food insecurity conditions. By December 2021, more than 1.6 million people were estimated to have been suffering high levels of food insecurity. This case is an example of how multiple, complex environmental and social factors can combine to trigger a profound crisis in a territory, where vulnerable groups, such as children under five, tend to be particularly affected. Environmental degradation, together with socioeconomic and political dynamics are leaving vulnerable people even more exposed to food crises with few livelihood options or safety nets to cope with disasters. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Southern Madagascar food insecurity through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Ndoricimpa, Arcade, Greenwell Matchaya, Joceline Solonitompoarinony, and Andritiana Luc Randrianaivomanana. CAADP Third Biennial Review Brief: Madagascar. AKADEMIYA2063, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/caadptbr/ma.

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Jenkins, Richard, Harison Rabarison, Noro Raminosoa, and Tovo Rasolofoharivelo. Caractéristiques des Espèces Menacées de Madagascar. American Museum of Natural History, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0133.

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Conruyt, Mare. The Pacification Campaign of Madagascar: 1896-1905. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403749.

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Novichkova, Tatiana. Political administrative map of Republic of Madagascar. Edited by Nikolay Komedchikov and Aleksandr Khropov. Entsiklopediya, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2015-12-02-10.

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Cedar Mitchell, Cedar Mitchell. Bridging International Borders to Fight Re-emerging Plague in Madagascar. Experiment, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/2837.

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Herrera-Almanza, Catalina, and Maria Rosales-Rueda. Community-Based Health Programs and Child Vaccinations: Evidence from Madagascar. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31340.

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Ripoll, Santiago, Eva Niederberger, and Leslie Jones. Key Considerations: Behavioural, Social and Community Dynamics Related to Plague Outbreaks in Madagascar. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.044.

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This brief explores behavioural and community dynamics related to plague outbreaks in Madagascar. The aim is to support actors involved in plague response to acquire a deeper understanding of behavioural and cultural practices and structural inequities that may exacerbate plague transmission. It also provides suggestions on how to improve communications and community engagement as part of a context-adapted plague response. It is authored by Santiago Ripoll (IDS) and Eva Niederberger (Anthrologica) and edited by Leslie Jones (Anthrologica). Contributions were made by colleagues at Institut Pasteur Madagascar, the Institute of Development Studies, Rutgers University, the IFRC and UNICEF.
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Ring, Hannah, Mitchell Morey, Erin Kavanagh, et al. Impact evaluation of the Menabe and Melaky development programme in Madagascar. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/tw4.ie74.

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