Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Madagascar – History'
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Walsh, Andrew. "Constructing Antankaraña, history, ritual and identity in northern Madagascar." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35360.pdf.
Full textMonginot, Pauline. "Artiste ou mpanakanto ? : construction sociale et stylistique de la figure du peintre dans les villes des Hautes Terres malgaches : l'exemple de Tananarive (1880-1972)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC104.
Full textThis dissertation proposes to analyze the processes at work in the making of the painter identity in the Malagasy society, between the 1880s (when Europeans settle in Antananarivo) and 1972 (end of the first Republic of Madagascar). Painting is a recent activity in Madagascar: introduced in 1826 by Europeans, its history is deeply connected to colonization. However, painting becomes, for the merina society, an issue of defining social hierarchies and identities. Neither colonial artists, nor traditional craftsmen, Malagasy painters need yet to conform themselves to the norms imposed by colonial cultural policies, on the one hand, and by the usages granted to art in the merina society, on the other hand. They proceed between incarnating the figure of the estern artist and being mpanakanto, maker of beauty. It is a matter of analyzing the strategies established by these artists to make the most of the European and Malagasy resources in order to have a career and invent their own artistic identity. The study of the processes leading to the choices of such a career reveals the stakes and needs to which paint answers. These same processes contribute to defining the norms and models that the young discipline adopts. The history of painters questions also the role of art in the Malagasy society, whether it is on an economical (art market) or patrimonial level; the function they serve allows them to fit in society. It is also a question of considering the notions of group and individuality within a genuine “art world” [Becker ; 1988] characterized by intense transnational and regional flows. Thus, this reticular approach authorizes to rethink Malagasy Art History as pertaining to a more global perspective
Randrup, Claudia Moon. "Evaluating the Effects of Colonialism on Deforestation in Madagascar: A Social and Environmental History." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1277525774.
Full textBauret, Lucie Anaïs. "How to settle in Madagascar? Towards a better understanding of the biogeographical history of the Malagasy ferns." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066464/document.
Full textMadagascar is a continental island in the Indian Ocean, near African coasts. It is also a biodiversity hotspot, comprising more than 12,000 species of vascular plants and including more than 600 fern species with an endemism reaching the 45%. Comparatively, continental Africa comprises only 800 species. How can such a diversity be explained in Madagascar? What are the biogeographical origins of the Malagasy ferns? Thanks to new data combined to the literature, hypotheses on the biogeographical history of Malagasy ferns are here proposed.Four fern taxa were newly investigated: grammitid and blechnoid subfamilies, Rumohra and Lindsaea-Odontosoria, as well as Phlegmariurus, a genus of lycophytes considered as a phylogenetic replicate in another vascular spore-bearing plant lineage. The biogeographical history of the Malagasy lineages was inferred, based on worldwide molecular phylogenies completed by Malagasy species, molecular dating and ancestral area estimates.Despite its Gondwanian origin, ferns and lycophytes would have colonized Madagascar after its isolation, during the Cenozoic (< 66 Ma), from the Neotropics (South America), Africa and tropical Asia s.l. (meaning from continental Asia to Southeast Asia and Australasia). Dispersal events were especially inferred from the Miocene (< 23 Ma). These results could be explained by the combination of events during the Cenozoic (establishment of the Malagasy rainforests, onset of wind currents allowing spore dispersal) and ecological preferences of ferns and lycophytes for elevated tropical rainforests that have established from the Miocene in the source regions
Regnier, Denis A. P. "Why not marry them? : history, essentialism and the condition of slave descendants among the southern Betsileo (Madagascar)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/362/.
Full textAl, Dabaghy Camille. "La fabrique transnationale d'une échelle de gouvernement : la commune à Madagascar et à Diégo-Suarez sous la Troisième République (1993-2010)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0183.
Full textDecentralization reforms, water management, household waste management, roads, markets, civil status, etc.: under the Third Republic, development aid focused on most of the policies or services that count in the process of rebuilding the municipal institution, introduced by the colonial administration at the end of the 19th century but abolished between 1973 and 1993. The survey focuses on this increasing and combined transnationalisation of decentralisation policy and municipal public action in the 1990s and 2000s. On the basis of archival and ethnographic materials, it re-establishes this process in the average time of the colonial government, examines its recent modalities and questions its effects on the dual level of the figure of the communal institution and the political capacity of the communes, as they appear in the centre, for all the communes, and in Diego Suarez, for a particular urban commune. The thesis first describes the work of aid production and public action at the increasingly numerous and fragmented interfaces between aid organisations and domestic administrations. It shows that aid has become part of the internal division of administrative and political work of government, that the struggles between Malagasy aid and public actors and the domestic struggles between Malagasy political and administrative actors for the control of public action have been established, that these struggles are regulated by a shared grammar of sovereign decision-making under the aid regime. The survey also shows that the repeated and multiplied play of aid has resulted in the pre-eminence gradually acquired in the reconstruction of the municipality, at both national and local level, by Malagasy political and administrative elites who cumulate, diachronically or symbolically, positions in aid and positions in public administrations. They are elites who embody, legitimize and defend the transnationalization of public action. Finally, it shows that the municipal councils of a city like Diego Suarez have been well engaged in strategies to build their capacity to act on aid dependency. But that, if the aid interventions have affected the figure of the communal institution, the very functioning of the municipal organization, it is without significantly increasing its political capacity. Nothing is truly institutionalized about the access of municipal actors to the resources that would allow them to decide and act accordingly
Jollivet, Charly. "Archives, archivistique et logiques d'usage dans les territoires issus de la colonie de Madagascar de 1946 à nos jours." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0077.
Full textBetween 1960 and 1975, thanks to the decolonization process, two independent countries and one remaining French territory succeeded the former colony of Madagascar. The question of the evolution of the archival systems in this area, their potential diversification as well as their current maturity, is raised in this context. In Madagascar, in the Comoros as in Mayotte, the creation of archives has not materialized yet and still remains a commendable intention, which results from a lack of funding and because of political instability. Archival organizations fail to preserve all archives and collection focuses on the central level at the expense of the local one. A demand for them exists, but those who show an interest are largely composed of administrative staff and individuals whose documentary needs are often limited to consulting the Official Journal. The success of other research approaches is limited because of the scattering of funds and lack of research tools. Observations of user behaviors confirm the overrepresentation of administrative staff, the weak genealogical research and the existence of circumvention strategies of official conservation organizations. Beside them or out of them, private initiatives of backup and valorization of archives exist. They prove that a part of the population is interested in it, including expatriates. Beyond these common features, three archival destinies stand out : a Madagascan system still under construction based on already strong National Archives ; a gradual normalization in Mayotte on a departmental model; the failure of the Comorian model which hampers all archival development
Rice, Stian A. "Food System Reorganization and Vulnerability to Crisis: A Structural Analysis of Famine Genesis." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent152412897525638.
Full textRavonjiarisoa, Alice Marie Linah. "Les dictionnaires bilingues malgaches dès origines jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle : étude historique et métalexicographique." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021INAL0005.
Full textThe history of the Malagasy lexicography begins in 1603, with the publication of the plurilingual dictionary of Frederick de Houtman, a merchant navigator. It continued until the 21st century when in 2019, a bilingual and bidirectional school dictionary for Malagasy school and college students was published. Studies on the history of Malagasy dictionaries are rather recent [J. Dez (1958, 1979, 1991) ; F. Raison Jourde (1977) ; N. Rajaonarimanana (2000)]. As an extension of these works, this thesis deals with the cultural and intellectual history of the first lexicographical repertoires (1603-1773) and the bilingual-printed or manuscript dictionaries produced throughout the 19th century (1816-1896) which are not very well-known and little studied. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first focalises on historical witnesses of the Malagasy language with the analysis of the founding works of Houtman (1603), Flacourt (1658), Drury (1729), Challan (1773)and Froberville (1816). The second part deals with the birth of modern Malagasy lexicography (1818-1835) and historical and metalexicographical analyses of the first bidirectional dictionary of Johns and Freeman (1835). The final part focuses on the typology and the formal study (macrostructure and microstructure) of the 19th century dictionaries. This study aims at placing each lexicographical work in the context of its production from a historical, cultural and linguistic point of view
Rakotondrabe, Modeste. "L'inculturation du christianisme a madagascar : histoire et perspectives." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR20060.
Full textWas not the integration of christianity, which the malagasy church has been set upon realizing since the national synod of 1975, already the preoccupation of the first missionaries ? is the inculturation which people discuss frequently nowadays, as new as some believe it to be ? is not establishment of the church in any place, already a way of inculturation ? this work intends to study, in the history of madagascar's church, the most significant aspects of the process of the inculturation of faith since the first prolonged contacts of christianity with malagasy culture, in the 17th century, until our days
Rakotondrabe, Modeste. "L'Inculturation du christianisme à Madagascar histoire et perspectives /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609151q.
Full textRomeuf-Salomone, Sophie. "Le pouvoir colonial et les communautés étrangères à Madagascar : 1896-1939." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10046.
Full textChrétien-Vernicos, Geneviève. "Nom et monde à Madagascar." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010263.
Full textThis thesis intends to show how the Malagasy name reflects the malagasy way of thinking the world. The mutability of the names and the practice of tecknonymy are in accordance with the evolutionary conception of the human being. The different ways of using (or not using) names show the familial hierarchy in descent groups where the conjugal couple is lacking. The meaning of names the reasons for taking a new name reflect an oral culture where naming and acting are synonym. Today, the large variety in the form of the names and in the custums about the name, due to numerous influences, among them the tradition itself, are the reflexion of the multiplicity of the worlds in which the contemporary malagasy lives
Ranaivo, Rabetokotany Nelly C. "Contribution à l'étude de l'enseignement du passé national dans les écoles de la république : l'exemple malgache de 1960 à nos jours, historiographie, histoire nationale, histoire scolaire." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0156.
Full textThe 19th and 20th Malagasy centuries are an historical matter since the institutionalization of school in 1820 and the translation of the Bible in the Malagasy language in 1835. From that period, written documents have been the best way to relate political and social events. This dissertation focuses on the transmission of the written Malagasy national history in state schools from 1960 to nowadays. The historical reasoning is based on anthropology, social history and political science theories. It assesses the evolution of the Malagasy contemporary historiography along with the academic history since 1958, date of birth of the Malagasy Republic. The process and the events that led to the creation of the Malagasy nation-state are heavily influenced by the French colonial heritage. When analyzed through the concept of officially allowed history/oppositional history, it can be concluded that aIl these elements belong to the national history. This thesis examines also these relations through two independent but complementary themes namely the scholar works on Malaga history, on one hand, and the teaching of national history in primary, middle and high state schools, on the other hand. No interpretation drawn upon the representations of these interactions. However the study tries to define the conditions in which this national history being publicly used. An annotated compilation of official Malagasy academic programs in history, geography and civics as weIl as a corpus composed of forty nine handbooks published between 1932 and 2007 help build the archives of the Malagasy present history
Ratsivalaka, Gilbert. "Madagascar dans le sud-ouest de l'océan indien (circa 1500-1824) : pour une relecture de l'histoire de Madagascar." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE2030.
Full textThe thesis questionned the way used till now, to study the formation and rising out of the kingdom of madagascar. This one was founded upon "the formation of its unity". This one proposes an another way by placing the study of the history of madagascar into the limits of the south-west of the indian ocean and by questionning the malagasy's reactions upon the european colonial activities in madagascar. This approach compels the research to revert to the first arrival of european in the indian ocean and principally to examine europeans activities in madagascar during the eighteenth century if one wants to understand the formation and rising out of a unique kingdom of madagascar in 1817. This approached questionned also man y points of madagascar history already considered as well-known, peculiarly the so said isolation of the highlands and its inhabitants from the "rest of the world" and the part taken by the malagasy in the formation and rising out of the kingdom of madagascar
Razanamandimby, Lalaina Raymonde. "Histoire et mémoire à Lazaina Avaradrano, village princier de l'Imerina (Hautes Terres Centrales de Madagascar) de 1861 à nos jours." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070051.
Full textOBetween 1960 and 1965 several colloquia on social history held in the west introduced the concept of the history of the masses or of the common people. From 1984 to 1992 the magnum opus "Sites of Memory" ("Lieux de mémoire''), edited by Pierre Nora, focused on the concept of "Memory" developed first in Europe and then in many parts of the world. As a result, from the 90s on, social history saw the appearance of new methods such as "micro-history", "History of the masses" and "memory". Several scholarly meetings have since taken place in western Europe. As far as Madagascar is concerned, a country where oral traditions till prevail, the topic "collective Memory" has, as yet, been rarely studied in spite of its importance at the national, regional and individual levels. Our purpose is to analyse the representations of the past in Madagascar's central highlands a place where Memory also relies on material objects such as standing stones, ancestral houses, family tombs as well as family rituals such as the famadihana (the exhumation of dead) or diaspora reunions. Memory of the past is continually present in socio-cultural life and it is transmitted to future generations through oral and written stories. It is mostly incarnated in living oral traditions and it impregnates everyday life. The thesis shows how the local history and memory of a group of former aristocratic Andriana (heirs to a princely group called Zanadralambo amin'andrianjaka) is manipulated. According to them Lazaina is a princely site surrounded by villages inhabited by Hova groups free commoners). Until recently theAndriana were in control of Lazaina through the fact that hey pretended to be the owners of everything, whether public or private. The Lazaina church s named Ranivo after anAndriana martyr. It offers a typical example of an ancestral church attached to a descent group. The group in question is considered "white" in a symbolic sense and tompon-tany, and dominates the other groups especially the Mainty (black) and foreigners" who were able to settle down in the village and acquired the status of tompon-tanàna. The purpose of this study was to analyse the problems raised by the opposition : white/black » and « tompon-tany/tompon-tanàna », what remains and what has been hanged in local memory and then to compare and confront testimonials and historical traditions gathered in Lazaina so as to integrate this local history into the wider History of Madagascar
Rasoarifetra, Bako Nirina. "Le Rova d'Antananarivo : une lecture du passé pour l'avenir (Histoire-Archéologie-Patrimoine)." Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0026.
Full textDelahaigue, Peux Michèle. "L'Enceinte royale de Tananarive : contribution à l'histoire d'une cité perdue, Ny Rova Very, Madagascar." Lille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL30021.
Full textBoyer, Klara. "Entre les deux rives du canal du Mozambique : histoire et mémoires des Makoa de l'ouest de Madagascar : XIXe et XXe siècles." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC072.
Full textWhile Madagascar had been exporting slaves for centuries, in the nineteenth century, the Big Island began to import massively slaves from East Africa. Ail African slaves were called by the generic terms of "Makoa" or "Masombika" which continued to nominate their descendants in Madagascar. In the West, old Makoa inhabitants continue to transmit the memory of their ancestors who came from beyond the seas. Following the course of these oral narratives, faced with various archivai sources, I tried to reconstruct the history of the crossing of these ancestors, from East Africa to the West coast o Madagascar. Their forced migration was carried out during the second half of the nineteenth century, when the slave trade was considered illegal. In western Madagascar, the Makoa or Masombika experienced different legal situations and social conditions. The plurality of their individual and collective strategies, in context of slavery and post-slavery, illustrates the heterogeneity of the group. However, cohesion factors linked the Makoa, who spoke in Madagascar a single language, imported from Mozambique
Razafimbelo-Harisoa, Marie Solange. "La radiodiffusion à Madagascar : Perspective historique et usages sociaux." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020098.
Full textLupo, Pietro Ayache Simon. "Une Eglise des laïcs à Madagascar : les catholiques pendant la guerre coloniale de 1894-1895, d'après l'"Histoire-journal" de Paul Rafiringa... /." Paris : Ed. du CNRS, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35097087h.
Full textTisseau, Violaine. "Le pain et le riz : métis et métissage, entre "Européens" et Malgaches, dans les Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar aux 19e et 20e siècles." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070063.
Full textThe purpose of our work is to show how metis in the Central Highlands of Madagascar were able to reclassify relatively easily thanks to a sociality partly free from the control of colonial authorities and to Merina society organization. In the first part, we show how miscegenation emerges as a source of concern for the colonial authorities. Merina society, considered a closed one, bas built itself in connection with foreigners. Métis only become a threat - although more fantasized than real - after identities crystallize at the dawn of official colonization and after the foundations of the colony are set up. In a second part, we explain how the various actors of the colonization try to contain the "question des metis". First they regard it as a social problem that needs to be addressed by taking care of the metis, then as a legal problem which leads to establish the "metis" category as a legal one. Parents of metis and metis evolve in a colonial space that is strongly structured by these two actions, but they take advantage of it by developing strategies to acquire French citizenship. Finally, while the authorities see the metis group as homogeneous, we show that this view is partly wrong by studying their matrimonial strategies, living standards and lifestyles. The way they live day-to-day is indeed representative of their reclassifying into one or another of the existing communities, and their mobilizing of their various identities depending upon the situations
Radimilahy, Chantal. "Contribution à l'étude de l'ancienne métallurgie du fer à Madagascar." Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA01A017.
Full textRaharison, Lucien. "Héritage foncier, évolution du paysage agraire et de la paysannerie en Imenina (hautes terres centrales de Madagascar) de la fin du 19e siècle aux années 1990." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070018.
Full textIn this study, we would to show clearly, on the one hand, the predominance of the succession over the landownership in Imerina(high land in Central Madagascar), in spite of, on the other hand, the development of the sale of land. The two most practiced modes of access to landownership in Imerina seem to be contradictory whereas in fact they are complementary. The sale of land seems at first sight, contrary to patriony of inheritance principles. The sale of land is one of adaptations to customary principles in order to preserve the social bond despite the economic difficulties in the sense that the sale of lands is not allowed except by local people's agreement. There is endo-transferability but not exo-transferability. In that sense the land is not (or not entirely) a property, therefore we can't talk about land market. Seing an integral part of standards a value System, centuries old practice, the inheritance has evolved with the time. Until when will the rule of endo-transferability resist to the pressure of market and to the obligation of the permanent revival of social bonds ? Problems of ration evolution between inheritance, sales of land and other mode of access to landownership involve in having interest both in customary right and in contemporary one on its every aspect. Other factors have also to be taken into account within a entire scope of the custom. In our methodology, we have worked on source of documents such as: Land registry Lists and records of local delegates, monographies. All those things have been examined and completed by the investigations
Randrenjatovo, Bienvenue. "Le concept de démocratie à Madagascar : traditions autochtones et influences externes." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020087.
Full textMalagasy politics is analyzed in two phases : the era of the first republic of 1958 to 1975, the advent of the second republic in 1975. Their denominator common is the socialist option and the principles democratic in their project of society. The appearance of the concept of democracy in the malagasy political lexicon is during the colonial time, with the nationalist movements for the sovereignty of madagascar and the rights of his people. It took a connotation of social justice. The accession with independence implied a political choice solved by the adoption of the french constitutional model animated by the spirit of the malagasy traditions socio-policies. Madagascar intended to rehabilitate its own genius after colonial obliteration. The advent of the second republic devoted the contribution of a revolutionary ideology. The democratic concept took complementary connotations : assertion of identity, popular sovereignty. The malagasy identity is characterized by : the worship of the chief appointed by god and the ancestors, the research of the good common, community good citizenship, religious functionalism. The politics of new leaders testifies a continuity with the traditional practice. They there drew and sought the legitimacy of the chief, the development by the participating formula, the stability of the power, the national unity, the expression of a social justice the established institutions will illustrate. .
Charles, Clément Séverin. "Les Mahafale de l'Onilahy : des clans au Royaume, du XVIe siècle à la conquête coloniale (Sud-Ouest de Madagascar)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010516.
Full textMarikandia, Louis. "Contribution à la connaissance des Vezo du Sud-Ouest de Madagascar : histoire et société de l'espace littoral du Fiherena au dix-huitième et au dix-neuvième siècles." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010545.
Full textMestre, Claire. "Un hôpital à Madagascar : analyse anthropologique de la confrontation des pouvoirs, des savoirs et des représentations à l'hôpital de Toamasina." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR21018.
Full textRazanadrakoto, Lucien. "Idéologie et politique dans la pensée malgache traditionnelle." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040024.
Full textRasoamampionona, Clarisse. "Les mpitantara locaux dans le sud Betsileo Madagascar : Approche ethnographique de la philosophie et de la pratique des gardiens de la tradition." Paris, INALCO, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAL0029.
Full textRazafindrakoto, Jobonina. "La valiha de Madagascar : tradition et modernité en Imerina de 1820 à 1995 (études organologique, acoustique et socio-historique)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040049.
Full textEthnomusicology, as a scientific project, was, from the beginning, interested in similarities between spoken and musical languages. As a matter of fact, we may consider the musical instrument as a part of the musical production. So, we established a possible approach of the Malagasy culture based upon the acoustic object itself (organology allowed us to study its structure). Widespread in Madagascar, under different names, valiha is a secular instrument which came to us through many organologic and sociologic transformations. Made in Imerina, central highlands of the island, today very occidentalised, this study reveals a surprising paradox between tradition and modernity. That way, our monography on valiha tries to enlighten evolution of musical practices reported in Imerina from 1820 to 1995. On the one hand, we emphasized the historical point of view to point out how Merina people adapt themselves to change. On the other hand, we choosed specialities related to ethnomusicology like musical acoustics (which explains how the instrument and their sonorities are built) and semiology (which explains how the instrument can be symbolized). This wide set of descriptive and analytic tools had to be used to achieve this synthetic work on valiha. This synthesis gave us a thorough knowledge of Malagasy culture authenticity
Noiret, François. "Les chants "zafindraony" du Sud-Betsileo (Madagascar)." Paris, INALCO, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INAL0004.
Full textThe region of Betsileo is famous throughout the island of Madagascar for its Zafindraony songs. These christian songs, a creation of the people which arise without clerical control, reflect the cultural and social history of the region during the last century. The thesis dedicates, to begin with, five chapters to the history of the genre zafindraony : to its birth (I), to its performance today (II), to its place in Betsileo literature whence it has emerged (III), to its complex position within a bi-polarised society (IV and V). The second part, a literary analysis examines 180 songs gleaned from their context. The approach is in part ethnological, in part literary, the performance of the songs allowing the effect of their oral nature to be grasped. The corpus is arranged according to the citerea : oral (traditional) and written (imported). Whilst protestantism, attached to the written word, rejects narrativity in favour of prayer and wisdom, the action of a few jesuit missionaries (H. Dubois) has released amongst the catholics a powerful current of creation of song tales (above a biblical) in which the oral character seeks to reemerge, particularly in songs of the death and resurrection of the great hero Rajeso (Jesus). The common inspiration of these tantara (stories) is the strength of the aina, the malagasy life-force current that is expressed in the emulation of rival groups, the alternation of choirs and of voices, the theme of the stories (the reversal of a situation, sacrifices, fights) and the circumstances of their performance (song competitions, evening gatherings, funerals). All these together have as their end the anatra, the advice, in which the traditional objectives of malagasy wisdom : the socio-cosmic integration of the individual and the maintenance of social cohesion (fihavanana), are expressed in christian terms. An authentically malagasy fruit of the meeting of cultures, these songs show that in Betsileo "to sing is to conquer death. "
Carvalho, Vicente Manuel Alberto. "Madagascar et la carreira da Índia." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4027.
Full textThe voyage of Vasco da Gama initiated the first trans-oceanic route of modern times. As a result, contact between populated regions, which would have otherwise remained in total ignorance of each other’s existence, was established. The commonly termed Cape Route (the Carreira da Índia) continued to exist for many centuries after 1500, the year in which the Portuguese monarchy began to send a fleet of ships on an annual basis to India in search of commerce and with the aim of establishing, consolidating and protecting the Portuguese interests in the region. This strategy brought about the creation of an eastern territorial possession, the Estado da Índia. One of the captains of the Pedro Alvares Cabral’s fleet, separated by a storm from the rest of his crew in the region of Cape of Good Hope, neared the coast on the eastern side of the Isle of Madagascar. He had sighted this land on the 10th August 1500, the feast of St Lawrence, and named it after this saint. In subsequent years, other ships on the route to India explored this Island or became ship-wrecked along its coasts. The Portuguese king, D. Manuel 1st, at first believed that Madagascar could become a «new India», but gradually he was forced to see this in a more realistic light. This study about the Portuguese in Madagascar between 1500 and 1609 attempts to explore their presence, primarily in the light of the importance of national interests as far as the Carreira da Índia and the Estado da Índia was concerned. At the same time, it seeks to examine the first contacts with the Madagascan natives
Razafiarison, Aina Andrianavalona. "Apports des traditions particulières dans la compréhension des successions royales merina (XVIe-XIXe siècle) Madagascar." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010539.
Full textRolland, Dominique. "Matitanana : anthropologie historique du royaume Antemoro." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0084.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the evolution of the antemoro kingdom of the matitanana (madagascar) the state has been crated by different waves of emigration that came probably from islamic indonesia around the xvth century the first part of the thesis is an historical account of the organisation of the differant hierarchical categories (nobles, specialists of ritual, peasants, parias) wich are strongly interdependant. After the xixth century lower-classes riot, the categories became impermeable ; but, nowadays, the field work reveals that lower classes are, though free from the domination of upper classes, have difficulties in form a new position in society. They continue to perpetuate former relationship at the symbolical level. This thesis proposes an historiccal and anthropological vision of this syncretic society, and poses the question of the diffusioin of political patterns on the east ern malagasy coast. The antemoro were not the only islamic people who attempted to settle on that coast ; the thesis suggest why they where so successful where others were not
Rasolondraibe, Seth Andriamanalina. "Le ministère de 'berger' dans les Églises protestantes de Madagascar (de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours) : Tensions et compromis entre mouvements de Réveil, institutions protestantes et religions traditionnelles." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE5026.
Full textThe movements of Revival or the "ministry of mpiandry" exist now in most of the historic Protestant churches of Madagascar, inspiring and influencing profoundly their lives and their ministries. Today, we can say with certainty that all these churches are more or less touched by the movements of Revivals. Nevertheless, these movements always engendered tensions and conflits between them and these Protestant institutions. Our study suggests examining the various aspects of these conflicts and bringing to light the various types of compromise in which they ended. Our statement contains five chapters. The first one and the second one essentially consist in describing the context : in which political, socioeconomic and religious contexts was made the penetration of Protestantism in Madagascar (1818). And in which context, the movements of Revivals and the "ministry of shepherd" did appear ? Then (3rd and 4th parts), through the life and works of the four initiators of the Revivals, Rainisoalambo (1894), Ravelonjanahary (1926), Nenilava (1941) et Rakotozandry (1946), we describe the process of institutionalization of the "ministry of shepherd". Finally (5th part), thanks to the analysis of the actions and the interactions between the various protagonists, we can clarify the various compromises emerging from it and we draw a conclusion
Rakotoniaina, Bearisoa. "Les relations économiques et financières entre la France et Madagascar de 1960 à 1972 et leurs implications sociales." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040155.
Full textThe strong French presence in Madagascar continues after the colonial period between 1960 and 1972. Now, this presence is sought by the majority of Malagasy, following the country’s adhesion to the French Community. In this new institutional framework, Madagascar, as an independent and sovereign Nation-state maintains close relations with France. They are defined by the “agreements of cooperation” signed in June 27th 1960. This does not imply a neo-colonialism, but rather an assisted independence. The economic and financial situation improves. Despite the country deteriorating terms of trade, Malagasy international trade continues to grow because of free of trade reaching beyond the area of the franc zone. France remains a very important potential customer, despite its leaning towards Europe. Indeed, French companies based in the Big Island contribute to national development: transfer of capital, skills and technology. Madagascar adopts the French social model. Despite social inequality, the standard of living of the population improves. The importance of French aid constituted a hindrance for the Tsiranana regime to seize the opportunities presented by the UN institutions. In fact, Madagascar fulfilled the conditions for granting large loan from the IMF, but failed to take advantage
RAKOTOARISEHENO, RAMISANDRAZA. "Le Sud de Madagascar à travers les sources européennes du 16e au 18e siècles." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070023.
Full textFor progressing the malagasy's historiography and the histories of Madagascar, a balance sheet of europeans sources and archives is necessary. We propose two levels of lecture. The reconstitution of colonial history and the study of travellers's mentalities is a preliminary process for understanding the testimonies. After this process, we use the descriptions for advancing acquaintances of the south of Madagascar and the realities of malagasy kingdoms. This balance sheet inform us a inventory of sources, a colonial history through the views of Malagasy, the illness, the ressources, the network of cities, the trade, the agriculture, the breeding of this epoch, the development of states and the problems of the dynasties
Ballarin, Marie-Pierre. "Les reliques royales sakalava : source de légitimation et enjeu de pouvoir : (Madagascar, XVIIIème-XXème)." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070094.
Full textThe sakalava royal symbolic is expressed in the conservation of deceased kings remains. These regalia are probably a typical example of the ever present relationship to ancestors in western malagasy societies. In the sakalava societies, the cult of relics was practised by the inhabitants of the west of madagascar before the formation of dynasties. This cult will be promoted as a royal culte in the course of the constitution of the kingdoms. As medieval saints in europe, the royal ancestor, through his relics, protects not only the royal descent but also the subjects as a whole. The agricultural protection provided by the relics cult becomes an instrument of political legitimisation for the dynasties. From then onwards, the remains of the royal body are kept in a reliquary and play a fundamental role in the practice of power. Source of legitimisation or legitimising source, what role will the relics play after the lose of souvereignty that follows the merina and frenh conquests ? by 1882, the french and the merina have entered into a bitter struggle for the keeping of the relics, a useful to maintain the submission of the sakalava population. At last, in the wake of independence, the legitimising role of these regalia again applies again in the context of the new stakes of power. In moments of political crisis, the relics of the sakalava kings, and more globally, the royal symbolic, constitute the main reference of in-fights and alliances. Stressing the ambivalence between power and religion, still a relevant topic today, we will see the lasting efficiency of these ancien ideological principles in today's local context. Today, the possession of relics remains locally a major stake and a force of legitimisation. It is therefore in a broad historical context that this attempt to understand the relationship with ancestors is located
Capredon, Mélanie. "Histoire biologique d’une population du sud-est malgache : les Antemoro." Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0016/document.
Full textBetween the 11th and 16th century, the Indian Ocean was the scene of many population movements notably for commercial and colonial purposes. Madagascar is located at the crossroads of the Asian and African continents. Several migrations have occurred in this region; the last one during the late 15th century involved the Antemoro population who claimed an Arabian origin in Mecca. Many anthropological and linguistic studies have been carried out on this ethnic group, but the origin of these migrants remains contentious. It is uncertain whether their origins were in Arabia, East Africa, India or Southeast Asia, when these regions were Islamized. In this study we assessed the genetic diversity of an Antemoro population from villages between Manakara and Vohipeno, to determine their biological origin. The aim of our interdisciplinary study was to link cultural and social anthropology with biological anthropology. Y-chromosome polymorphisms were studied by analyzing 17 microsatellites markers and some SNPs in the non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome to determine the biological origins of the paternal lineages. In addition, genetic variability of maternal lineages was analyzed by sequencing hypervariables regions I and II, and by defining bi-allelic polymorphisms in the coding region of mitochondrial DNA. We found two Y-chromosome haplogroups in some Antemoro groups that differentiated them from the typical genetic variability found in other Malagasy populations. Although most of the Antemoro showed a genetic diversity similar to that observed in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, few haplotypes associated to paternal lineages linked them to the Middle East. Maternal lineages did not differ from those found in other Malagasy populations. The genetic isolate formed by some Antemoro groups confirmed their cultural isolation. This study provides a new view of the human genetic diversity in Madagascar
Robson, Benjamina. "Anthropologie historique des telo troky tesaka à Madagascar : des ordres statutaires aux communautés politico-religieuses contemporaines (17e-21e siècle)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0176.
Full textThe thesis sheds light on "political-religious" tesaka power (Godelier 2007) — in Vangaindrano, South-Eastern Madagascar — by integrating historical and evolutionary considerations. It aims to be a tool for understanding the dialectic of the transformation of the exercise of politico-religious power since the foundation of the tesaka kingdom, likely to have occurred in the 17th century, until the creation of the three contemporary communities of politico-religious order (telo troky) in 1897, and their state nowadays. The main objective is to present the permanent and dynamic aspects of the tesaka social system by highlighting the close interweaving of the political and religious embodied by the keeper of sacrificial worship posts for the invisible sacred beings (pita hazomanga).If during the tesaka royal period, only the king inherits worship posts (fatora) and has the exclusivity of the exercise of the politico-religious power of pità hazomanga, the emergence of telo troky leads to the construction of the Fatora and the appearance of a pità hazomanga specific to each community. From then on, the sacrificial ceremony to the invisible sacred beings (velatry) presents itself as the stable element of the "core of the ritual process" (Bloch 1997 [1992]: 9), revealing the resilience of a system of religious beliefs, and applicable to all grades of local politico-ritual units (troky or fatora, raza or koboro, raibe raiky or trañondonaky, lonaky or traño raiky)
Randriamampionona, Hubert. "Les aspects judiciaires de la rébellion de 1947 à Madagascar." Lyon 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO33041.
Full textThe year 1947 marked the end of hope for the emancipation of the people of Madagascar, born in November 1945 with the election of the doctors Ravoahangy and Raseta at the first Constituent on the basis of slogans advocating a total and immediate independance of Madagascar. Indeed, if they changed their original request by referring to the concept of a blur free state within the French Union, the radical elements working in the shadow of the Movement of Democratic Renovation Malagasy, party established in February 1946 to help those elected officials prepare many elections, took the opportunity to foment a rebellion which broke out during the night of march 29, 1947. The next day, the judicial repression fell on the MDRM designated as the chief executive officer of events by the colonial authorities. The intervention of the judiciary did not guarantee an impartial and independent justice. Since their installation, in the early twentieth century, in addition to the dominant presence of administrators within them, they were also a way of administration additional in the hands of colonial authorities. In addition, judicial reform initiated in 1946, in the French colonies overseas had only strengthened the administrative grip. Therefore, the role of the courts was reduced to a simple legalization of unjust repression inducted by the General Security Department and the provincial administrators. The discussions in the trial of parliamentarians and other leaders of MDRM, which took place from July to October 1948 before the Criminal Court of Antananarivo, which was designed to determine the truth about the origin of events did only demonstrate that the use of dubious methods in the premises of the General Security Deppent to obtain confessions so-called spontaneous. Despite these damning revelations, the public prosecutors finally got the inevitable court sentence of the leaders MDRM, using witnesses provided at the last minute, once again, by the General Security Department
Ba, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Valensky, Chantal. "L'image et le rôle du soldat malgache engagé par l'Armée française de 1884 à 1920." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070038.
Full textErismann, Julie. "Développement hydro-agricole au sud-est du lac Alaotra (Madagascar). Histoire, limites et pespectives de la maîtrise de l'eau." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30014/document.
Full textAlaotra lake is the biggest body of fresh water in Madagascar and the vast plains surrounding it, have naturally become highly coveted by the various authorities over the course of it’s history and its colonization. Primarily based on rice cultivation, this region has benefited from numerous rural planning projects. As a result, the landscape as well as the relationship between the people and their land has been transformed. Over time, the combination of knowledges and know-how farmers, technicians and the research interest in this area, have made it Madagascar’s most significant rice granary. This geography thesis is structured around water management, an essential resource in a country based on rural economies. Through the study of the southeastern valleys, we will focus on showing the extent to which the hydro-agricultural planning allows us to consider better agricultural and territorial development and how, in a context of decentralization, the control and the appropriation of natural resources by local actors can lead to renewed management dynamics and procedures in their environment
Ny farihy Alaotra no fihebanandranomandry lehibe indrindra ao Madagasikara , ary ny tany lemaka midadasika manodidina azy no nanitona ny fitsiriritan’ireo manampahefana nifandimby tao amin’ny tantaran’ny fiorenamponenana.Ny fambolem-bary no votoatim-piainana ao amin’io faritany io , ary fanajariana marobe no efa nanova tanteraka ny endrikin’ny tany sy ny fonenana eo . Ny fandrindrana ny fahalalàna sy fahaiza-miasan’ny tantsaha, ny mahay taozavatra , sy ny finiavan’ny mpikarodalana no nahatonga azy ho « lavabarin’i Madagasikara ». Manodidina ny fanafolahana ny rano , andry ijoroan’ny toekarenan’ny antsaha , no namolavolàna ity tandro-kevitra fandinihantany ity. Avy eo amin’ny fikatsahana natao tao amin’ireo lohasaha ao Atsimo-atsinanan’Alaotra no niaingan’ny sainay hampiseho fa ny fanajariana ny rano sy asatany no hahafahana mihevitra ny fivoaram-bokatra amin’ny voly sy ny faritany ; ary koa ao anatin’ny fitsinjarampitondrana , dia hahitàna fa ny fandinihana sy ny fandraisana an-tanana ireo loharanon-karena velona ataon’ny mpiasa eo antoerana no mety hiteraka fampandrosoana sy fivaozan’ny fitantanana ny toe-ponenana manotolo
Rajaonah, Faranirina V. "Élites et notables malgaches à Antananarivo dans la première moitié du XXe siècle." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20017.
Full textThe aims of the colonial power in abolishing the institutions set up by the monarchy was to restructure malagasy society. The material and cultural changes which started in the nineteenth century and clearly affected the lives of the privileged in antananarivo were increasing. Urban growth and modernization, the multiplicity of skills and the development of trade furthered the emergence of a group of city dwellers whose lifestyles were similar to those of the europeans. Hence the presence of more people from antananarivo in circle of the malagasy credited with colonial notoriety. They were civil servants, trade workers, men of talents who acted as interlocutors between their fellow countrymen and the europeans. They were only a minority and with the exception of a few fabulously wealthy tradesman, rather belonged to the lower middle class. Moreover, their status as mediators was not always gratifying and the gap between the elites and the europeans was still considerable. Finally, the colonial authorities never overlooked the differences in status which, though officialy abolished, were of prime importance to the malagasy in their everyday lives. The disparities had an impact on private relations and even on the location of residences in the capital city whose creation dated back to the pre-colonial era
Ramakavelo, Désiré. "Les actions politico-militaires de François de Mahy dans la conquête de Madagascar." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010253.
Full textFrançois de Mahy, deputy for La Reunion from 1871 to 1906, devoted his 35 years of political career entirely to one main target, i-e, the annexation of Madagascar. After their island was conquered in 1810 by England, the politicians in La Reunion, lost their French citizenship. How they considered Madagascar as an essential factor in order to presence their political independence in that geographical area. As provisional minister for the navy and for the colonies, François de Mahy decided to send Admiral Pierre to military expedition. That affected France’s policy in Europe. The French government wanted to avoid any risk for France to become isolated in Europe, and so, preferred to keep the statu quo in Madagascar by recognizing the Malagasy queen's authority on the whole territory, not considering the expenses caused by the 1883 and 1895 expeditions. So, the conquest of Madagascar is an example for totally opposed policies : on the one hand, François de Mahy policy trying to make the great island a French colony, on the other hand, Rainilaiarivony's policy known as the territorial unification of the country, which is the necessary condition for the independence and the national sovereignty
Nirhy-Lanto, Ramamonjisoa Solotiana. "Une poésie engagée dans les valeurs de la nation : l'exemple de Madagascar au XXe siècle." Paris, INALCO, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAL0012.
Full textLambert, Olivier. "Marseille et Madagascar : histoire d'une aventure outre-mer : entrepreneurs et activités portuaires, stratégies économiques et mentalités coloniales (1840-1976)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0030.
Full textLambert, Olivier. "Marseille et Madagascar, histoire d'une aventure outre-mer : entrepreneurs et activités portuaires, stratégies économiques et mentalités coloniales, 1840-1976 /." [Marseille] : Chambre de commerce et d'industrie Marseille-Provence, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372218921.
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