Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Madagascar (île) – 20e siècle – Histoire'
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Tisseau, Violaine. "Le pain et le riz : métis et métissage, entre "Européens" et Malgaches, dans les Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar aux 19e et 20e siècles." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070063.
Full textThe purpose of our work is to show how metis in the Central Highlands of Madagascar were able to reclassify relatively easily thanks to a sociality partly free from the control of colonial authorities and to Merina society organization. In the first part, we show how miscegenation emerges as a source of concern for the colonial authorities. Merina society, considered a closed one, bas built itself in connection with foreigners. Métis only become a threat - although more fantasized than real - after identities crystallize at the dawn of official colonization and after the foundations of the colony are set up. In a second part, we explain how the various actors of the colonization try to contain the "question des metis". First they regard it as a social problem that needs to be addressed by taking care of the metis, then as a legal problem which leads to establish the "metis" category as a legal one. Parents of metis and metis evolve in a colonial space that is strongly structured by these two actions, but they take advantage of it by developing strategies to acquire French citizenship. Finally, while the authorities see the metis group as homogeneous, we show that this view is partly wrong by studying their matrimonial strategies, living standards and lifestyles. The way they live day-to-day is indeed representative of their reclassifying into one or another of the existing communities, and their mobilizing of their various identities depending upon the situations
Razafimbelo-Harisoa, Marie Solange. "La radiodiffusion à Madagascar : Perspective historique et usages sociaux." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020098.
Full textRandriamampionona, Hubert. "Les aspects judiciaires de la rébellion de 1947 à Madagascar." Lyon 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO33041.
Full textThe year 1947 marked the end of hope for the emancipation of the people of Madagascar, born in November 1945 with the election of the doctors Ravoahangy and Raseta at the first Constituent on the basis of slogans advocating a total and immediate independance of Madagascar. Indeed, if they changed their original request by referring to the concept of a blur free state within the French Union, the radical elements working in the shadow of the Movement of Democratic Renovation Malagasy, party established in February 1946 to help those elected officials prepare many elections, took the opportunity to foment a rebellion which broke out during the night of march 29, 1947. The next day, the judicial repression fell on the MDRM designated as the chief executive officer of events by the colonial authorities. The intervention of the judiciary did not guarantee an impartial and independent justice. Since their installation, in the early twentieth century, in addition to the dominant presence of administrators within them, they were also a way of administration additional in the hands of colonial authorities. In addition, judicial reform initiated in 1946, in the French colonies overseas had only strengthened the administrative grip. Therefore, the role of the courts was reduced to a simple legalization of unjust repression inducted by the General Security Department and the provincial administrators. The discussions in the trial of parliamentarians and other leaders of MDRM, which took place from July to October 1948 before the Criminal Court of Antananarivo, which was designed to determine the truth about the origin of events did only demonstrate that the use of dubious methods in the premises of the General Security Deppent to obtain confessions so-called spontaneous. Despite these damning revelations, the public prosecutors finally got the inevitable court sentence of the leaders MDRM, using witnesses provided at the last minute, once again, by the General Security Department
Ballarin, Marie-Pierre. "Les reliques royales sakalava : source de légitimation et enjeu de pouvoir : (Madagascar, XVIIIème-XXème)." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070094.
Full textThe sakalava royal symbolic is expressed in the conservation of deceased kings remains. These regalia are probably a typical example of the ever present relationship to ancestors in western malagasy societies. In the sakalava societies, the cult of relics was practised by the inhabitants of the west of madagascar before the formation of dynasties. This cult will be promoted as a royal culte in the course of the constitution of the kingdoms. As medieval saints in europe, the royal ancestor, through his relics, protects not only the royal descent but also the subjects as a whole. The agricultural protection provided by the relics cult becomes an instrument of political legitimisation for the dynasties. From then onwards, the remains of the royal body are kept in a reliquary and play a fundamental role in the practice of power. Source of legitimisation or legitimising source, what role will the relics play after the lose of souvereignty that follows the merina and frenh conquests ? by 1882, the french and the merina have entered into a bitter struggle for the keeping of the relics, a useful to maintain the submission of the sakalava population. At last, in the wake of independence, the legitimising role of these regalia again applies again in the context of the new stakes of power. In moments of political crisis, the relics of the sakalava kings, and more globally, the royal symbolic, constitute the main reference of in-fights and alliances. Stressing the ambivalence between power and religion, still a relevant topic today, we will see the lasting efficiency of these ancien ideological principles in today's local context. Today, the possession of relics remains locally a major stake and a force of legitimisation. It is therefore in a broad historical context that this attempt to understand the relationship with ancestors is located
Ba, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Robson, Benjamina. "Anthropologie historique des telo troky tesaka à Madagascar : des ordres statutaires aux communautés politico-religieuses contemporaines (17e-21e siècle)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0176.
Full textThe thesis sheds light on "political-religious" tesaka power (Godelier 2007) — in Vangaindrano, South-Eastern Madagascar — by integrating historical and evolutionary considerations. It aims to be a tool for understanding the dialectic of the transformation of the exercise of politico-religious power since the foundation of the tesaka kingdom, likely to have occurred in the 17th century, until the creation of the three contemporary communities of politico-religious order (telo troky) in 1897, and their state nowadays. The main objective is to present the permanent and dynamic aspects of the tesaka social system by highlighting the close interweaving of the political and religious embodied by the keeper of sacrificial worship posts for the invisible sacred beings (pita hazomanga).If during the tesaka royal period, only the king inherits worship posts (fatora) and has the exclusivity of the exercise of the politico-religious power of pità hazomanga, the emergence of telo troky leads to the construction of the Fatora and the appearance of a pità hazomanga specific to each community. From then on, the sacrificial ceremony to the invisible sacred beings (velatry) presents itself as the stable element of the "core of the ritual process" (Bloch 1997 [1992]: 9), revealing the resilience of a system of religious beliefs, and applicable to all grades of local politico-ritual units (troky or fatora, raza or koboro, raibe raiky or trañondonaky, lonaky or traño raiky)
Romeuf-Salomone, Sophie. "Le pouvoir colonial et les communautés étrangères à Madagascar : 1896-1939." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10046.
Full textLambert, Olivier. "Marseille et Madagascar : histoire d'une aventure outre-mer : entrepreneurs et activités portuaires, stratégies économiques et mentalités coloniales (1840-1976)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0030.
Full textRazaimiandrisoa, Nirina. "Représentations de la société malgache dans les nouvelles d'un auteur malgache des années 30, Alfred Ramandiamanana (1886-1939)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0028.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the representations of the Malagasy society in the short stories of the writer of the 30s, writing in Malagasy, Alfred RAMANDIAMANANA (1886-1939).Writer, poet and short story writer at the beginning of the colonial era in Madagascar from 1906 to 1939, Ramandiamanana, nostalgic of the pre-colonial era joined a secret nationalist society discovered towards the end of 1915. The secret society turned out to be an intellectual movement whose main objectives were to preserve the national unity and the struggle for the development of Madagascar. For nearly thirty years, he published either poems, or text analysis, or short stories, dispersed in the first Malagasy non-denominational newspapers of the early twentieth century. It becomes therefore interesting to reflect on the direction taken by these various forms of writings while putting them in their historical context.The thesis is presented in two volumes. Volume I, the Analysis, examines the relationship between history and politics as well as the status of the Malagasy language in relation to the French language introduced by colonialism. During this period of colonial pacification, the press was muzzled by censorship and the repression was severe. Thus, the analysis focuses on the ways in which the intellectuals took over ownership of the language while taking into account the critique of the colonial society and the Malagasy society of the time, using a coded language. The author also uses laughter to get his message across to the readers. His works express the cultural commitment of the author.Volume II consists of 48 texts in Malagasy with the French translation by Nirina Vololomaharo RAZAIMIANDRISOA. Granted that the language used and the context are not always known to the public today, detailed explanations are provided in footnotes
Ripol, Georges. "Les forces aériennes françaises dans la zone Sud de l'océan Indien, 1929-2004 : du camp d'aviation d'Ivato à la B.A. 181 de Saint-Denis-Gillot : soixante-quinze [75] années de présence de l'Armée de l'air à Madagascar et à La Réunion." La Réunion, 2008. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/08_13-ripol.pdf.
Full textSet up in Madagascar in 1929, the military french air force travelled around from Ivato, near Tananarive. Until the beginning of the '70, aircrafts of the armee de l'air performed thousands of varied missions : transport, air link, Search and Rescue. Some of them and their crews fought british / South African invaders in 1942 and others took a large part in the campaign against Madagascar! uprising in 1947-48. In 1973, because of the new political orientations in Tananarive, the french forces had to leave Madagascar. The base aerienne 181 was then transfered from Ivato to Saint-Denis-Gillot, Reunion island. In 1976, it adopted the name of tradition « Lieutenant Roland Garros ». Using only transport planes and helicopters, B. A. 181 airmen form the air component of the french military organization in the southern area of Indian ocean. Then, they greatly acted for the permanence of France's influence in this part of the World
Randrianantoandro, Hiarivelo. "Le mouvement des forces vives à Antananarivo : sociologie de la protestation collective à Madagascar." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070025.
Full textTo deal with collective protest in Madagascar supposes to open and enlarge the field of the areas studies andl reconsider the validity of the pre-existing theoretical tools of the sociology of social movements which aim to encompass and explain the social components and interactions that characterize industrially developed countries. Taking into account the concepts that sustain the sociology of social movements, this analysis helps to comprehend and explain a particular protest movement confronting a political system so repressive that its eventual success seemed very dubious. Our aim was to grasp and define the constituents of the emergence, growth and impetus of the "Hery Velona" movement ("Vital Forces Movement") within the context of an authoritarian system. The first part consists of an historical survey of the political, economical and social life of Madagascar, from the times of the Independence to the 1991 crisis, explaining the background of the formation of the "Hery Velona" movement. Then, taking into account the organizational approach, the importance of the mobilization organizers that were previously active, as well as the various forms of their endeavours are detailed (2nd Part). Last but not least, it is attempted to characterize the components of the actors of the mobilization and their motivations; within this mainframe, a particular attention is devoted to the influence of the Churches considered both as organizing bodies and leaders influencing the perception, representation, and affirmative cohesion of the actors themselves
Ramanantsoa, Ramarcel Benjamina. "Les sociétés secrètes nationalistes à Madagascar dans la première moitié du XXème siècle : V.V.S. (Vy Vato Sakelika) 1913-1915, PA.NA.MA (Parti National Socialiste Malgache) 1941-1947, JINY (Jeunesse nationaliste) 1943-1947." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070022.
Full textThe struggle against the colonial order happens rather early in Madagascar and it will go crescendo all along the first half of the 20th century and reach its climax with the popular insurrection of march 1947. Taking various forms, which go from the movements of primary resistances to political struggle led by autochton parties, passing through localised and spontaneous popular rebellions, the literature of denonciation in the press and workmen strikes, this struggle is the mark of the dominated malagasy people's non assent to their domination this era has also witnessed the emergence and the development, in the island, of some nationalist clandestine groups which will take part in this intense social and political activity. Three secrete societies are privileged here: -the V. V. S. (Vy Vato Sakelika) which was organised and developed on the initiative of the students of the native medical school of Antananarivo, from 1913 to 1915. The malagasy political organisation began with this secrete society. -the PA. NA. MA. (Parti National Socialiste Malgache) which was created in Tamatave in 1941 on the instigation of some young civil servants who had come from the generation of the period between the two world wars. -the JINY (Jeunesse Nationaliste) organised in Manakara in 1943 under the impulse of some rural leaders and some ex-V. V. S. The last two clandestine associations will be the main instigators of the malagasy insurrection of march 1947. Appealing largely to the witnesses of the protagonists themselves, ancient militants of these clandestine groups, this study is an attempt at seizing the dynamic of the malagasy national movement at this era, from one of its framing political structures, the secrete societies
Lahiniriko, Denis. "Les structures politiques à Tananarive : union, unanimisme et divisions partisanes dans la culture politique nationaliste malgache (1945-1958)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010621.
Full textRaharison, Lucien. "Héritage foncier, évolution du paysage agraire et de la paysannerie en Imenina (hautes terres centrales de Madagascar) de la fin du 19e siècle aux années 1990." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070018.
Full textIn this study, we would to show clearly, on the one hand, the predominance of the succession over the landownership in Imerina(high land in Central Madagascar), in spite of, on the other hand, the development of the sale of land. The two most practiced modes of access to landownership in Imerina seem to be contradictory whereas in fact they are complementary. The sale of land seems at first sight, contrary to patriony of inheritance principles. The sale of land is one of adaptations to customary principles in order to preserve the social bond despite the economic difficulties in the sense that the sale of lands is not allowed except by local people's agreement. There is endo-transferability but not exo-transferability. In that sense the land is not (or not entirely) a property, therefore we can't talk about land market. Seing an integral part of standards a value System, centuries old practice, the inheritance has evolved with the time. Until when will the rule of endo-transferability resist to the pressure of market and to the obligation of the permanent revival of social bonds ? Problems of ration evolution between inheritance, sales of land and other mode of access to landownership involve in having interest both in customary right and in contemporary one on its every aspect. Other factors have also to be taken into account within a entire scope of the custom. In our methodology, we have worked on source of documents such as: Land registry Lists and records of local delegates, monographies. All those things have been examined and completed by the investigations
Razafiarison, Aina Andrianavalona. "Apports des traditions particulières dans la compréhension des successions royales merina (XVIe-XIXe siècle) Madagascar." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010539.
Full textMartin, Pierre. "Histoire du groupe Azur : les mutations d'un groupe d'assurances mutuelles (1819-2000)." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010620.
Full textCharles, Clément Séverin. "Les Mahafale de l'Onilahy : des clans au Royaume, du XVIe siècle à la conquête coloniale (Sud-Ouest de Madagascar)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010516.
Full textRasolondraibe, Seth Andriamanalina. "Le ministère de 'berger' dans les Églises protestantes de Madagascar (de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours) : Tensions et compromis entre mouvements de Réveil, institutions protestantes et religions traditionnelles." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE5026.
Full textThe movements of Revival or the "ministry of mpiandry" exist now in most of the historic Protestant churches of Madagascar, inspiring and influencing profoundly their lives and their ministries. Today, we can say with certainty that all these churches are more or less touched by the movements of Revivals. Nevertheless, these movements always engendered tensions and conflits between them and these Protestant institutions. Our study suggests examining the various aspects of these conflicts and bringing to light the various types of compromise in which they ended. Our statement contains five chapters. The first one and the second one essentially consist in describing the context : in which political, socioeconomic and religious contexts was made the penetration of Protestantism in Madagascar (1818). And in which context, the movements of Revivals and the "ministry of shepherd" did appear ? Then (3rd and 4th parts), through the life and works of the four initiators of the Revivals, Rainisoalambo (1894), Ravelonjanahary (1926), Nenilava (1941) et Rakotozandry (1946), we describe the process of institutionalization of the "ministry of shepherd". Finally (5th part), thanks to the analysis of the actions and the interactions between the various protagonists, we can clarify the various compromises emerging from it and we draw a conclusion
Nunn, Philippe. "La migration des mauriciens à Madagascar, 1863-1947." La Réunion, 2007. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/07_21-nunn.pdf.
Full textStamped by the evolution and the internal structuring of the Mauritian society, the mauritian migratory movement between 1863 and 1947 is determined by the disputes, agreements and reorganisations linked to the social, economical, diplomatic and political evolutions of the territories involved. To understand the integration modes of all mauritians migrants whatever their origins, within the French colony of Madagascar, the thesis develops along the three following lines. In a first part, an historical approach of the groups and their organisation according to the variability of the ethnic boundaries will be explored. The second part, corresponding to the most wave of migrants which goes from 1863 to 1905 describes the setting process of a colonial order disrupting he positions gained by the Mauritians under the malagesian royalty. The third part, going from 1905 to 1947, studies the integration of migrants within the French colonial structure
Nirhy-Lanto, Ramamonjisoa Solotiana. "Une poésie engagée dans les valeurs de la nation : l'exemple de Madagascar au XXe siècle." Paris, INALCO, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAL0012.
Full textCarvalho, Vicente Manuel Alberto. "Madagascar et la carreira da Índia." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4027.
Full textThe voyage of Vasco da Gama initiated the first trans-oceanic route of modern times. As a result, contact between populated regions, which would have otherwise remained in total ignorance of each other’s existence, was established. The commonly termed Cape Route (the Carreira da Índia) continued to exist for many centuries after 1500, the year in which the Portuguese monarchy began to send a fleet of ships on an annual basis to India in search of commerce and with the aim of establishing, consolidating and protecting the Portuguese interests in the region. This strategy brought about the creation of an eastern territorial possession, the Estado da Índia. One of the captains of the Pedro Alvares Cabral’s fleet, separated by a storm from the rest of his crew in the region of Cape of Good Hope, neared the coast on the eastern side of the Isle of Madagascar. He had sighted this land on the 10th August 1500, the feast of St Lawrence, and named it after this saint. In subsequent years, other ships on the route to India explored this Island or became ship-wrecked along its coasts. The Portuguese king, D. Manuel 1st, at first believed that Madagascar could become a «new India», but gradually he was forced to see this in a more realistic light. This study about the Portuguese in Madagascar between 1500 and 1609 attempts to explore their presence, primarily in the light of the importance of national interests as far as the Carreira da Índia and the Estado da Índia was concerned. At the same time, it seeks to examine the first contacts with the Madagascan natives
Galibert, Didier. "Les gens du pouvoir à Madagascar : État postcolonial, légitimités et territoire : 1956-2002." La Réunion, 2006. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/06_10_DGallibe.pdf.
Full textThe thesis concerns the formation of Madagascar's political elite in the years between the promulgation of the loi-cadre of 1956 and the accession to power of Marc Ravalomanana in 2002. The text is divided into three parts : the first concerns the contours of the national political space as this has been constituted during the postcolonial period. The second concerns the use of memories of the past to compose a sense of a national political territory corresponding to the island of Madagascar. Part three examines the unequal concept of political rights as these have emerged from the past. Old concepts of ritual status have combined with other influences to produce differing conditions of citizenship. By means of the historical analysis of some leading political families, the ideological aspects of inequality are considered in a context notable more for the relatively short duration of political careers than for constitution of veritable political dynasties
Nirhy-Lanto, Hery Andriamahazo. "La mutation de la classe politique malgache : un problème du temps présent." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0024.
Full textThe political life of Madagascar is marked by post-election crises and sociopolitical protests, during its 54 years of independence. From this observation, Malagasy people feel entitled to enjoy their riches and live a sustained development based on consideration of traditional values. Madagascar demands a real transformation of its political class. This change seems inevitable, but the main question is whether it will go to the expected direction... Opposition to this impulse is felt, since domestic and international political and economic issues require that Madagascar conforms to the stereotypical pattern of western development. Therefore, the words “democracy, good governance, globalization” seem so overused. By this way, sometimes, they lose the necessary precision and relevance for an understanding of system of values and political exchanges they are supposed to express and establish. Other corollaries of these superficial changes that were imposed are emerging, namely the proliferation of political stakeholders that involve a multiplication of related groups. Infact, there is currently about 150 political parties and associations that are registered at the Ministry of DomesticAffairs. However, with these political developments, no real “opposition” manifest positively. Ultimately, faced with this famous and inevitable change of its political class, Madagascar is encountering cultural, historical, institutional, economic and social problems. To uncover the real motives of this resistance to change, first, atentative definition of the concept of power in Madagascar and a descriptive overview of the Malagasy politicians during the colonial period is conducted. Afterwards, a study on the basis of the current Malagasy political class is performed. In addition to domestic social and economic difficulties, there are international geopolitical and economic interests. A particular observation is undertaken on the behavior of French investors and policymakers. This is actually a real and accurate illustration of pater familias behaviors that France adopts vis-à-vis its African partners
Ramavonirina, Oliva Rahantamalala. "Langage juridique et processus de développement : le cas de Madagascar." Paris, INALCO, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INAL0021.
Full textAs a very technical and old fashion language that makes use of terms and phrases drawn from a foreign mind frame by the craft of History, the Malagasy law speech is hardly accessible to the population, though it has been intended to him. Consequently, it is not rare that justice decisions are barely executed, or even not at all, by the receivers who just do not understand what they are supposed to do. Hence, very serious prejudices come up for him/her whose sole guilt is not to understand neither French law speech due to amadel of thought that is far away from his own, nor official Malagasy law speech mould on the French madel with a thematic structure based on a logic system which is at the straight opposite of his/her way of thinking. This work is a contribution to modernize some old fashion terms still found in the Malagasy law speech on one hand, and on the other hand to modify the structure of the justice decision texts in order to fit Malagasy people's own mind frame. This should hopefully make Malagasy law speech much more understandable for the people, and by this way, to improve their relationship with Justice, so that the institution to fully play its role of a social regulator leading to a sustainable and integral human development
Gandelot, Ludovic. "Les khojas Ismaïlis Agakhanis de Madagascar : des Gujaratis de l'Océan Indien (1885-1972) : Communauté religieuse, politique et territoires." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070048.
Full textThe ismaïli agakhani khojas (followers of the Aga Khan) are part of the gujarati minority of Madagascar. Facing divisions and conflicts, the khojas remaining followers of the Aga Khan set up a new community to counter the influence of the ithna ashery shiite Islam. Observed from Madagascar, they appear as a minority of low socio-economic status, and not so different from other gujaratis. However, after the Second World War, they become one of the most known communities. A reflection about the construction of identities of gujaratis of the Indian Ocean in relation to local and international political contexts, the study shows that the forms of the extra-territorial relations of gujaratis are partly determined by their mode of integration. In this process, the dynamism of the agakhani khoja community is very specific. Early and centralized, it is based on religion and articulated with the foreign condition of both religious leader and followers. We will present the different periods of its production, spread and appropriation by the agakhani khojas of Madagascar and will show that the internationalized community construction based in East Africa as well as the Aga Khan's own status enable the increase of the statutory position of the group
Ramakavelo, Désiré. "Les actions politico-militaires de François de Mahy dans la conquête de Madagascar." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010253.
Full textFrançois de Mahy, deputy for La Reunion from 1871 to 1906, devoted his 35 years of political career entirely to one main target, i-e, the annexation of Madagascar. After their island was conquered in 1810 by England, the politicians in La Reunion, lost their French citizenship. How they considered Madagascar as an essential factor in order to presence their political independence in that geographical area. As provisional minister for the navy and for the colonies, François de Mahy decided to send Admiral Pierre to military expedition. That affected France’s policy in Europe. The French government wanted to avoid any risk for France to become isolated in Europe, and so, preferred to keep the statu quo in Madagascar by recognizing the Malagasy queen's authority on the whole territory, not considering the expenses caused by the 1883 and 1895 expeditions. So, the conquest of Madagascar is an example for totally opposed policies : on the one hand, François de Mahy policy trying to make the great island a French colony, on the other hand, Rainilaiarivony's policy known as the territorial unification of the country, which is the necessary condition for the independence and the national sovereignty
Ève, Prosper. "Le syndicalisme à la Réunion de 1900 à 1968." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10025.
Full textAt the dawn of the twentieth century in reunion island, only the doctors, the chemists, the sworn land surveyors and a small minority of landowners have already taken advantage of the eighteen eighty four law on trade unions. The other workers show some apathy. Yet, the measures taken in France to protect labour: laws on industrial injuries (eighteen ninety nine), on weekly rest rights (nineteen hundred and six), on factory and farm-workers' retirement (nineteen hundred and ten) are delayed in their application. After deciphering the reasons of this attitude, this essay tries to determine at what time and in what conditions blue-collar and white-collar workers join trade unions. Above all, it tries to analyses the actions and the development of their movement, its bonds with political movements as well as its characteristics from nineteen hundred to nineteen sixty eight
Ravonjiarisoa, Alice Marie Linah. "Les dictionnaires bilingues malgaches dès origines jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle : étude historique et métalexicographique." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021INAL0005.
Full textThe history of the Malagasy lexicography begins in 1603, with the publication of the plurilingual dictionary of Frederick de Houtman, a merchant navigator. It continued until the 21st century when in 2019, a bilingual and bidirectional school dictionary for Malagasy school and college students was published. Studies on the history of Malagasy dictionaries are rather recent [J. Dez (1958, 1979, 1991) ; F. Raison Jourde (1977) ; N. Rajaonarimanana (2000)]. As an extension of these works, this thesis deals with the cultural and intellectual history of the first lexicographical repertoires (1603-1773) and the bilingual-printed or manuscript dictionaries produced throughout the 19th century (1816-1896) which are not very well-known and little studied. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first focalises on historical witnesses of the Malagasy language with the analysis of the founding works of Houtman (1603), Flacourt (1658), Drury (1729), Challan (1773)and Froberville (1816). The second part deals with the birth of modern Malagasy lexicography (1818-1835) and historical and metalexicographical analyses of the first bidirectional dictionary of Johns and Freeman (1835). The final part focuses on the typology and the formal study (macrostructure and microstructure) of the 19th century dictionaries. This study aims at placing each lexicographical work in the context of its production from a historical, cultural and linguistic point of view
Duclos, Mélanie. "Horizons d'égalité : le combat des biffins parisiens." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC029.
Full textIn several popular neighbourhoods of the Paris region, there are informai markets where the merchants, the biffins, sell used objects found in trash cans. One of these markets constitute the field of this research, in the north of Paris, where some of the merchants, in the early 2000s, mobilized against the restraints put upon them by the authorities and sought to legalize their activity. Taking popular resistances as my object of study, this research started from a surprise : taking into account their extremely precarious conditions, how where they able to find the means to mobilize ? This question quickly lead to another. Through my contact with them and other biffins at the same market, I came to realize the strength that actually inhabit them, and I started rather pursuing the following question : what was already there, in them, in everyday life, before the mobilization, and that this mobilization needed in order to happen ? Their everyday lives show how, far from giving up, they make their condition a challenge to be confronted. The object of study is thus opened up between the public mobilization and the daily struggle : the resistances, their objects, their forms and their objectives. I study the multiple ways in which they struggle daily against the difficulties of the material conditions and the stigmas that threaten to diminish their humanity. In the market place in particular, the biffin economy becomes a battle place for material and symbolic life, in order both to manage and to become - a battle, as they say, to « pull through », while projecting a change of life. The recovery of objects that leaves place for the haphazard that the work market has always refused them, the equal footing of the market barter that tears them away from public and private assistance, the market as a place of intertwined knowledges that lets them appear in their singularity, and the market as a place of laughter and of parody that overturns for a moment the existing order of inequality, are so many ways, among others, that they have to pursue horizons of equality guiding their action. Horizons that are never reached - such is the nature of the horizon - but that are nevertheless pursued, and that open routes that produce effects and that bring to light the immense hopes that drive them and that by far exceed their public expression. One does not say everything in face of power and it is often when they are inaudible that the people of modest means say the most important things
Wong, Hee Kam Édith. "La diaspora chinoise aux Mascareignes : le cas de la Réunion." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0008.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the Chinese minority in the Mascarenes, and more particularly in Reunion Island. It consists of an introduction and three main parts following chronological order. The introduction and three main parts following chronological order. The introduction gives a summary of previous studies in the matter, and presents an attempt to analyze the settling-down of a minority into a French creolophone colony, which would become a French overseas department en 1946. The first part is concerned with the period when the Chinese were first introduced in the island until the middle of the XIXth century, more precisely up to 1844 when indenture started. The second part deals with the formation and the organisation of the Chinese community between 1862 and 1946: the emphasis is put on the choices of professions, mainly in commerce winthin that society of plantation. The Chinese had no other choice but turn in on themselves, on their community life centrered around their associations and their intersular networks. The third part covers the period from 1946 until nowadays. It shows how greatly the status of the department influenced the evolution of the Chinese community by accelerating the integration process. The economic changes incited the Chinese to find new setting-in strategies, which deeply affected their social, political, religious and cultural life. The conclusion presents the contribution of the Chinese to Reunion Island history and proposes some prospects for the future
Deveaud, Pledran Marie. "Rencontre avec un auteur et une île : José Luis Gonzalez et Porto Rico : douze nouvelles et leur traduction française : commentaire critique de traduction." Rennes 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN20002.
Full textThough Porto Rican literature is generally ignored, and particularly in France, a lot of great authors deserve publicity. Here we introduce Jose Luis Gonzalez by translating into French twelve of his short stories. Those texts were selected because they illustrate the different aspects of the work of Jose Luis Gonzalez and, more generally, of the Porto Rican literature of the 20th century. Two groups of stories deal with the dual aspects of the Porto Rican way of life (both insular and in New York City) and give a good image of the complex problems of autonomy, cultural and linguistical dependence. The third group of stories deals with more universal matters. The second part of this work is a critical comment on the different difficulties met during the process of translating those texts into French. We stress the importance of the environment: geographical as well as political or cultural. We also deal with the specific question of the interaction between Spanish and English (in particular the black slang of Harlem). We try to describe how these alterations (Americanisms, Caribbean or Porto Rican dialectal forms) of the Castilian as well as the bias of the translator of the Spanish language lead to a particular reproduction by local and sociological deviations of French. We also evidence the mechanisms used to render the consistency of style of the author. The translation of these twelve texts should soon be published provided an agreement is reached between the publisher and the author
Mayer, Jouanjean Isabelle. "L'île de La Réunion sous l'œil du cyclone au XXème siècle. Histoire, Société, et catastrophe Naturelle." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780487.
Full textTsiarify, Lalao. "Conflits franco-allemands et présence missionnaire : la fondation et le développement de la mission des Capucins d'Alsace à Madagascar (1932-1960)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20074.
Full textThe present dissertation, titled French and German conflicts and missionary presence. The foundation and development of the Capuchin mission in Madagascar (1932-1960) deals with the crises that the Capuchin friars from Alsace had to face while settling in Madagascar in the early thirties. On February, 2nd 1932, Pius XI issued the Supremi apostolatus munus, a motu proprio whose effect was to transfer the aggrandized apostolic prefecture of Mayotte, Nosy-Be and the Comoros to the latter. This marked the beginning of a missionary adventure on the large Madagascar Island for those clergymen. They inherited this territory from the Fathers of the Holy Spirit who had been in Nosy-Be since 1879. This transfer, and their arrival brought about the question of the transmission of assets. This became a real issue as it took place in the broader context of a general dispute between former and new missionaries along with a conflict of authority between Father Lopinot and Brother Brillaud from the Congregation of the Brothers of Saint-Gabriel and the Committee for Catholic Popular Action in Nossi-Bé. Added to that, the Capuchin Friars from Alsace were the target of heated debates on grounds such as their origin, identity, or patriotic spirit. The various sources available lay bare a number of attempts at giving a diplomatic and political dimension to the specific problem of the change of missionaries. Opponents of the clergymen from Alsace put forward their German nature, thereby questioning their affiliation with France. Capuchin Friars of Alsatian origin were suspected of acting in the interest of the Germans and were accused of destroying French religious values and traditions. What actually happened was that they were utilising French and Germans conflicts to fuel a crisis of authority and personal conflicts, as in truth, this crisis was by no means representative of the political and diplomatic disagreements between Germany and France. The first chapter of this dissertation recounts the story of the Capuchin settlement in the Alsatian region from 1729 to 1932. The German sovereign power taking over Alsace and Lorraine in 1871 had repercussions on the history of the Capuchin province in Alsace, which was suppressed during the French Revolution. Faced with the Kulturkampf, their fellows from the Rhineland and Westphalia settled in the Alsatian region in 1888. The Capuchin province in former Reichland Elsaß-Lothringen rose again after World War I. The second chapter focuses on the evolution of French and German relationships during the second half of the twenties and early thirties. It addresses the question of the mission in the tumultuous context of international rivalries at the end of hostilities. Specific attention is paid to Germany, France and the Vatican. This part ends on a chapter about the 1932 transfer of the apostolic prefecture of Mayotte, Nosy-Be and the Comoros to the Capuchin Friars from Alsace. This chapter briefly recounts how that territory had been evangelised prior to their arrival and describes the state of the mission in the Sambirano and Maromandia regions around the end of the twenties and early thirties — a period marked by a jurisdiction conflict between the apostolic curacy of Majunga and Diego-Suarez. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the crisis and the hardships the Capuchin Friars from Alsace were faced with as they settled in Madagascar. It examines the contention between former and new missionaries concerning the assets of the mission. This took place under Father Lopinot (1932-1937). This part also tackles the conflict of authority between the latter and Brother Brillaud, a brother of Saint-Gabriel, on the question of the municipal fanfare. Their quarrel took place in the context of the commemoration of the 1918 armistice
Rasoloarivony, Theis Lala Voahangimampionona. "Migration interne et éducation : transrégionalisme et développement. Cas de la commune rurale de Lohariandava dans la région Atsinanana à Madagascar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF041.
Full textAs part of the implementation of the Jirama water and electricity company since 1978, several types of internal migration are practiced in the rural commune of Lohariandava in the Atsinanana region on the east coast of Madagascar. They have the transregional aspect of the fact that the migrants invest on two or more regions of the island’s hill to develop them. The results of the socio-anthropological surveys helped explain how transregionalism affects not only the economic life but also the educational life of the children of migrant and indigenous people in Lohariandava. The rurban characteristics of the study area participate in the implementation of all kids of development action. Each transmigrant is a development Actor. The non-consideration of the culture of each Actor can hamper the eradication of feelings of incomprehension and xenophobia. The multirational theory of Jean-Pierre Olivier De Sardan will make it possible to confront and consider the different logics of the presence of all Actors in the migratory zone and proposes solutions to achieve a single goal: the real development of the country
Lagarde, Benjamin. "Réunion maloya : La créolisation réunionnaise telle qu'entendue depuis sa musique traditionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3118.
Full textWhereas a reflexive chapter, focused on the progressive immersion we realised among the actors of possessions cults from afro-malagasy origins living in Reunion Island, had been primarly thought to join this thesis, the main effort consists here in the documentation of the maloya. Effectively, an overlook to what's been said of this traditionnal music requiered such a missing work attached to an element recently inscribed on the UNESCO patrimonial list. Resuming the available knowledge about the maloya, which is considered since the early moment of the colonization as the reunionese « Black music », the purpose was to reach the modern era and then underlying the importance of this esthetical practice in the definition of what could be called, under certain conditions, this « kréol identity ». The post-colonial role that played maloya during the years 1960-1970 appears newly as we emphasize his historical implications. We've also been able to relocate the common point of vue already existing of the maloya in scientifical field as well as on the public scene from the musicians and their cultual significations. Analyzing, for example, his four distincts repertories, we open to an original understanding of the past and the present of a creolized culture that had always took music as a fundement of its existence. This work makes also possible the reflexion about the place of the « Kaf » (Reunionneses of black origins) in this cultural construction, and maybe, the one of the afro-descendents and their so-called « black music » in the invention of our new globalized world