Academic literature on the topic 'Madras Branch'
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Journal articles on the topic "Madras Branch":
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Brimnes, Niels. "Beyond Colonial Law: Indigenous Litigation and the Contestation of Property in the Mayor's Court in Late Eighteenth-Century Madras." Modern Asian Studies 37, no. 3 (June 25, 2003): 513–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03003019.
Abstract:
An important branch in recent debates on the nature of the judiciary in colonial south India has focused on the extent to which the judicial institutions—and the social transformations mediated through them—were controlled by the colonial state. This debate is of interest not only from the point of legal history. From the broader perspective of social and cultural history the debate is important because it draws attention to issues such as indigenous agency, conceptual negotiation and the hybrid nature of institutions under colonial rule. It is these issues I intend to address through an analysis of indigenous litigation in the Mayor's Court in late eighteenth-century Madras. The analysis falls in two parts. First, I analyse how indigenous agents availed themselves of the court, despite an official colonial policy of excluding disputes between Indians from its jurisdiction. In the second part, I focus on the ways in which the nature of property was contested and negotiated in complex dialogues between indigenous litigants and representatives of the colonial judiciary. Both parts of the analysis indicate that important aspects of the litigation in the Mayor's Court were largely beyond the control of the colonial authorities.
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Madhavapillai, Vijayalakshmi, and Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj. "Terminal branching of internal laryngeal nerve: a cadaveric study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 2624. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213221.
Abstract:
Background: Innervation of larynx is much more complicated than previously been thought. Laryngopharynx is the common gateway for many specialists like oral surgeons, ENT surgeons, anaesthetists, UGI endoscopists and bronchoscopists. The sub-mucosal neural network can be anaesthetised by topical application or injection of local anaesthetics. In this study destination of the internal laryngeal nerve and its penetration into the intrinsic muscles of larynx are analysed.Methods: A total of 40 en bloc cadaveric specimens were investigated in the department of anatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai and from Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kanchipuram. Conventional anatomy dissection method was used in the identification of internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve and its branches.Results: Irrespective of the number of divisions at the point of entry into thyrohyoid membrane, 4 branches were constantly traceable. The branches were traced by 2 approaches- (A) those supplying the mucus membrane- (i) to the junction of aryepiglottic fold and lateral border of epiglottis; (ii) to the posterior surface of interarytenoideus; (iii) to the posterior surface of posterior arytenoideus; and (iv) descending to apex of the pyriform fossa behind cricothyroid junction; (B) penetration into intrinsic muscles- (i) a branch terminated after entering interaryteoideus; and (ii) another terminated after entering the posterior cricoarytenoideus muscle.Conclusions: The knowledge of variation into branches and area of supply of internal laryngeal nerve is essential for anatomists and clinicians. It is not a nerve to be neglected as the knowledge of its branches is very much essential for the surgeons operating in this area of air and food passage.
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Forêt, G., C. Flamant, S. Cautenet, J. Pelon, F. Minvielle, M. Taghavi, and P. Chazette. "The structure of the haze plume over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX: tracer simulations and LIDAR observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 3 (May 24, 2005): 3269–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-3269-2005.
Abstract:
Abstract. Three-dimensional nested tracer simulations of a pollution plume originating from the Indian sub-continent over the Indian Ocean in the framework of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) between 5 and 9 March 1999 were performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to provide insight into the transport patterns of the pollutants as well as investigate the dynamical mechanisms controlling the vertical structure of the plume and its evolution in the vicinity of the Maldives Islands. Airborne and ground-based LIDAR observations of the structure of the haze plume made on 7 March 1999 were used to assess the quality of the simulations as well as the impact of grid resolution on the vertical structure of the simulated plume. It is shown that, over the Arabian Sea, in the vicinity of the Maldives Islands, the pollutants composing the plume observed by the airborne LIDAR essentially originated from the city of Madras and that the vertical structure of the plume was controlled by the diurnal cycle of the continental boundary layer depth. A combination of tracer simulations and remote sensing observations (airborne LIDAR, ship-borne photometer, ground-based LIDAR in Goa) was used to analyse the diurnal evolution of the haze plume over the sea. We find evidence that the sea breeze circulation and orographic lifting taking place in the southern part of the Indian sub-continent during the day time play a crucial role in the modulation of the continental boundary layer depth, and in turn, the haze plume depth. The dynamical processes, as well as entrainment at the top of the marine atmospheric boundary layer, also play a crucial role in re-circulating a fraction of the tracers transported over ocean by the monsoon flow above the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the landward (southwesterly) branch of breeze circulation during the next day. This in turn leads to pollutant accumulation in the vicinity of the Indian coastline. Nevertheless, this contribution to the total aerosol load observed during the INDOEX intensive field phase is shown to small compared to that related to massive advection of aerosol from the continent. The nesting of a high horizontal resolution domain (5 km, with 39 vertical levels below 4000 m above mean seal level), allows a better representation of local dynamics, sea and mountains breezes circulations, and therefore a noticeable improvement in the representation of the pollutants plume in the simulation.
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Lopes, Rodrigo Ramos, and Lúcia Brandão Franke. "Análise de trilha dos componentes do rendimento de sementes de trevo-branco." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 10 (October 2009): 1865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009001000002.
Abstract:
Objetivou-se, por meio de uma análise de trilha para rendimento de sementes em trevo-branco, obter informações básicas para utilização em estratégias de manejo para maior produção de sementes e maior ressemeadura natural, proporcionando assim condições para maior persistência da espécie na pastagem. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: botões florais, número de inflorescências, número de inflorescências maduras, número de legumes/inflorescência, peso de 100 sementes e rendimento de sementes. A variável que mais se correlacionou com o rendimento de sementes foi o número de inflorescências maduras (r = 0,91) e essa correlação ocorreu praticamente apenas pelo seu efeito direto. Nas demais variáveis, destacou-se o número de botões florais, com coeficiente de correlação alto (r = -0,55) e efeitos indiretos sobre os demais componentes. O número de inflorescências maduras parece ser a principal característica a ser considerada na busca de maior produção de sementes em trevo-branco.
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Lopes, Rodrigo Ramos, Lúcia Brandão Franke, Miguel Dall'Agnol, and Fernanda Bortolini. "Avaliação do potencial de produção de sementes de acessos de trevo branco." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 9 (September 2010): 1875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000900003.
Abstract:
Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de produção de sementes de 25 acessos da coleção básica de trevo-branco provenientes do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos. Por meio de amostragens semanais realizadas entre 6/11/2003 e 10/3/2004, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número de inflorescências/planta, número de flores/inflorescência, número de inflorescências maduras/planta, número de legumes maduros/inflorescência, peso de mil sementes e rendimento de sementes/planta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o completamente casualizado, com os acessos arranjados individualmente em cinco repetições. O rendimento de sementes em trevo-branco é altamente influenciado pelo número de inflorescências por planta, pelo número de inflorescências maduras por planta e pelo peso de mil sementes. Os acessos 53, 2 e 20 destacam-se pela superioridade em relação aos demais (7, 68, 19, 79, 58, 3, 15, 75, 64, 50, 33, 13, 59, 38, 28, 80, 54, 29, 31, 23, 22, 27, 65 e 73) na produção de sementes. Os acessos 27, 65 e 73 não produzem sementes nas condições locais durante o primeiro ano de avaliação.
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Moraes, Andrea Rocha Almeida de, Olavo Betiol, Denizart Bolonhezi, João Francisco Dos Santos, and Ignácio José De Godoy. "Potencial produtivo e precocidade de linhagens de amendoim em Ribeirão Preto na safra 2019/2020." South American Sciences ISSN 2675-7222 1, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): e2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sas.v1i2.26.
Abstract:
O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a produtividade e o grau de maturação de vagens, em linhagens de amendoim rasteiro, para selecionar cultivares com ciclo reduzido. A avaliação da maturação foi realizada em duas datas de amostragem antes da colheita. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, em blocos ao acaso, utilizando-se dez linhagens e duas cultivares controles, com os genótipos sendo avaliados aos 119 e 125 dias após a semeadura. Em cada uma das épocas de avaliação, colheram-se amostras de 0,5 m de plantas por linha, para se obter a maturação das vagens com base na tabela de classificação de coloração de maturação de vagens, variando de classe branca a classe preta. Aos 125 DAS realizou-se a colheita total de uma linha das parcelas dos genótipos, para obtenção da produtividade. Realizaram-se também avaliações de porcentagem do número de vagens maduras aos 119 e 125 DAS e porcentagem do ganho no número de vagens maduras do DAS 119 para 125. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a linhagem 13.24 apresentou a maior produtividade (7.625 kg ha-1) entre as linhagens avaliadas. A linhagem 13.34 apresentou a maior valor em porcentagem de vagens maduras formadas aos 119 DAS (56,1%). Os maiores acréscimos de porcentagem de ganho no número de vagens maduras em uma semana de plantio foram verificados nas linhagens 13.15 e 13.24. E há linhagens promissoras que serão avaliadas em mais ambientes visando à obtenção de cultivares produtivas de ciclo curto.
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Bewernick, Bettina H., Hannah M. Kilian, Klaudius Schmidt, Ruth E. Reinfeldt, Sarah Kayser, Volker A. Coenen, Sebastian Markett, and Thomas E. Schlaepfer. "Deep brain stimulation of the supero-lateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle does not lead to changes in personality in patients suffering from severe depression." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 16 (March 1, 2018): 2684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718000296.
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AbstractBackgroundReports of changes in patients’ social behavior during deep brain stimulation (DBS) raised the question whether DBS induces changes in personality. This study explored if (1) DBS is associated with changes in personality in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD), (2) how personality dimensions and depression are associated, and (3) if TRD patients’ self-ratings of personality are valid.MethodsTRD patients were assessed before DBS (n = 30), 6 months (t2, n = 21), 2 (t3, n = 17) and 5 years (t4, n = 11) after the initiation of DBS of the supero-lateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (slMFB-DBS). Personality was measured with the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), depression severity with Hamilton (HDRS), and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).ResultsPersonality dimensions did not change with slMFB-DBS compared with baseline. Extraversion was negatively correlated with HDRS28 (r = −0.48, p < 0.05) and MADRS (r = −0.45, p < 0.05) at t2. Inter-rater reliability was high for the NEO-FFI at baseline (Cronbach's α = 0.74) and at t4 (α = 0.65). Extraversion [t(29) = −5.20; p < 0.001] and openness to experience [t(29) = −6.96; p < 0.001] differed statistically significant from the normative sample, and did not predict the antidepressant response.ConclusionsslMFB-DBS was not associated with a change in personality. The severity of depression was associated with extraversion. Personality of TRD patients differed from the healthy population and did not change with response, indicating a possible scar effect. Self-ratings of personality seem valid to assess personality during TRD.
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Maia, Jair Alves, Manoel Pereira de Oliveira, Simone De Souza Furtado, Lissiane Matos da Silva, and Maria Lucrecia Batista Pereira. "Método Canguru: a importância da família na recuperação do recém-nascido de baixo peso." Enfermagem em Foco 2, no. 4 (November 16, 2011): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21675/2357-707x.2011.v2.n4.190.
Abstract:
O Método Canguru é uma assistência neonatal voltada para o atendimento do recém-nascido prematuro que consiste em colocar o bebê em contato pele a pele com a genitora. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral, esclarecer a importância da família durante o período de recuperação do recém-nascido de baixo peso. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com perguntas abertas, no setor específico “Mãe Canguru” na Maternidade Bárbara Heliodora (MBH) em Rio Branco – AC. A pesquisa teve uma amostra de quinze (15) famílias de ambos os sexos: dez (10) mães e cinco (5) pais, que se encontravam no período de puerpério. Todas as mães tiveram parto prematuro e seus RNs apresentaram baixo peso. Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos em junho de 2011. Concluiu-se que o MMC é um método simples. No entanto não é devidamente explicado pela equipe. Muitas mães praticam o método, no entanto, sem saber os inúmeros benefícios que ele proporciona.Descritores: Método Canguru, Baixo Peso, Família.Kangaroo Method: the importance of family in recovery of babies of low weightThe Kangaroo Mother Care is a service focused on neonatal care of premature newborns that consists in placing the baby skin to skin contact with the progenitor. This study aimed to clarify the overall importance of family during the recovery period of newborns of low birth weight. This is a descriptive and qualitative research. The data of the research were collected by means of interviews with open questions, in particular sector “kangaroo mother” in the maternity Heliodora Barbara (MBH) in Rio Branco – Acre. There were a sample of fifteen (15) families of both genders: ten (10) mothers and five (5) fathers, who were in the postpartum period. All mothers suffered premature delivery, and their newborns were underweighted. The data of the research were obtained in June 2011. It is concluded that MMC is simple but it is not well explained by the team. Although many mothers practice the method, they don’t know the many benefits that the method provides.Descriptors: Kangaroo Mother Care, Low Weight, Family.Método Canguro: la importancia de la familia em la recuperacion de los bebés de bajo pesoEl Cuidado Madre Canguro es un servicio centrado en la atención neonatal de recién nacidos prematuros que consiste en la colocación de la piel del bebé en contacto piel con el progenitor. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo aclarar en general la importancia de la familia durante el período de recuperación de los recién nacidos con bajo peso. La metodología utilizada fue un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Los datos del estudio se recogieron por medio de entrevistas con preguntas abiertas, en particular la industria "madre canguro" en la Maternidad Barbara Heliodora (MBH), en Río Branco – AC. La encuesta tuvo una muestra de quince (15) familias de ambos sexos: diez (10) madres y cinco (5) padres, que estaban en el período posparto. Todas las madres tenían un parto prematuro y sus recién nacidos tuvieron bajo peso. Los datos del estudio fueron obtenidos en junio de 2011. Se concluye que la MMC es un método simple. Sin embargo, no se explican adecuadamente por el equipo. Muchas madres practican el método sin conocer los numerosos beneficios que proporciona.Palabras clave: Cuidado Madre Canguro, Bajo Peso al Nacer, La Familia.
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Zaki, Irham, Imron Mawardi, Tika Widiastuti, Achsania Hendratmi, and Debrina Farrah Anova. "BUSINESS NETWORK STRATEGY IN ISLAMIC MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTION OF ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7435.
Abstract:
Purpose of the study: This study aims to explore the Sidogiri Islamic Boarding School (IBS) that have Islamic Micro Finance Institutions (IMFI) business portraits and strategies to develop the business model.
Methodology: The paper using qualitative method using study case. It observation, interview, and review previous study.
Main Findings: Pondok Pasentran (PP) Sidogiri has developed business network model that keeps part of social function. There are three business model that runs by PP Sidogiri; value chain, networking mode, operating model and value preposition . All the business model based on Islamic principles. There are three practical strategies includes the need for integration and awareness related to business models that involve all components of the business network owned by IBS Sidogiri.
Implications of the study: This conceptual study highlights practical development strategies for Sidogiri IBS IMFI based on the potential, through business network, management and performance measurement model of PP Sidogiri.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The paper suggests development strategies based on the network which involves all components of a large business network owned by PP Sidogiri, including santri, branch madrasa, UGT, alumni and sympathizers who form a unified whole as a business network.
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Febriana, Asri, Achmad Farajallah, and Dyah Perwitasari. "Simultaneous Indel of Intron 7 of Branched-Chain α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1a (BCKDHA) Gene in Madura Cattle." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 20, no. 2 (August 26, 2015): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.20.2.97.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Madras Branch":
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Stangerlin, Diego Martins. "Monitoramento de propriedades de madeiras da amazônia submetidas ao ataque de fungos apodrecedores." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/11252.
Abstract:
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, 2012.Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2012-09-20T13:36:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_DiegoMartinsStangerlin.pdf: 14158894 bytes, checksum: c1bfe7066feba591dfd67abac94b74a8 (MD5)
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O objetivo desse estudo foi monitorar as propriedades biológicas, psico-físicas, físicas, químicas e mecânicas de madeiras submetidas ao ataque de fungos apodrecedores. Para tanto, corpos de prova de três espécies, Simarouba amara, Cariniana micrantha e Dipteryx odorata, foram submetidos a ensaios de apodrecimento acelerado com dois tipos de fungos, podridão parda (Gloeophyllum trabeum) e podridão branca (Trametes versicolor), durante 20 semanas, ao empregar metodologia adaptada da ASTM D 2017. A propriedade biológica foi monitorada por meio da determinação de perda de massa, método convencional. As técnicas não destrutivas de colorimetria e DRIFT-MIR foram empregadas no monitoramento dos parâmetros colorimétricos (psico-físicos), de acordo com o sistema CIELab, e químicos, mediante avaliação de diferentes intensidades de bandas relacionadas aos grupos funcionais dos polissacarídeos e lignina, respectivamente. A propriedade física da molhabilidade foi caracterizada com auxilio de goniômetro, por meio do qual foram medidos os ângulos de contato da gota d’água (técnica da gota sessil). E por fim, avaliou-se a perda de resistência mecânica por meio de metodologia destrutiva ao empregar o durômetro de Rockwell. Dentre os resultados expostos e discutidos pode-se destacar que: A madeira de Dipteryx odorata apresentou maior resistência natural, quando comparada a Simarouba amara e Cariniana micrantha. Em relação aos fungos apodrecedores, Gloeophyllum trabeum proporcionou maiores alterações nas propriedades tecnológicas das madeiras avaliadas. O período de 8 a 12 semanas, de acordo com ASTM D 2017, não foi suficiente para caracterização da resistência natural, por meio da perda de massa. O período de tempo necessário para caracterização da resistência natural ao fungo Trametes versicolor foi de 20, 14 e 12 semanas, enquanto que para Gloeophyllum trabeum foi de 20, 18 e 14 semanas para as madeiras de Simarouba amara, Cariniana micrantha e Dipteryx odorata, respectivamente. O ensaio de dureza Rockwell apresentou viabilidade para ser empregado como ferramenta complementar ou principal na caracterização da deterioração da madeira por fungos apodrecedores sendo sensível na predição dos estágios iniciais. Dentre os parâmetros colorimétricos, os principais estimadores da resistência natural aos fungos de podridão branca e parda foram a coordenada b* e a claridade (L*), respectivamente. Por meio do DRIFTMIR verificou-se que o ataque do fungo Trametes versicolor proporcionou redução, de modo indistinto, na intensidade das bandas intrínsecas aos polissacarídeos e a lignina, exceto para a madeira de Cariniana micrantha. Para o fungo Gloeophyllum trabeum, apesar das intensidades de algumas bandas relacionadas a lignina serem decrescidas, a principal característica foi a redução da intensidade das bandas relacionadas aos polissacarídeos. Com relaçãoo a técnica da gota séssil apesar do alto desvio padrão do angulo de contato, as amostras apodrecidas apresentaram tendência de redução do espalhamento da gota d’água, proporcionando menor molhabilidade. De modo geral, as técnicas não convencionais de ensaio foram eficientes na diferenciação dos ataques proporcionados pela podridão branca e parda. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate biological, psycho-physical, physical, chemical and mechanical properties of wood submitted to decay fungi. For this purpose, samples of three species, Simarouba amara, Cariniana micrantha and Dipteryx odorata, were submitted for accelerated decay with two types of fungi, brown rot (Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white rot (Trametes versicolor), for 20 weeks, using the methodology adapted of ASTM D 2017. The biological property was monitored by determining the weight loss, the conventional method. The non-destructive techniques colorimetry and DRIFT-MIR were used in monitoring the colorimetric (psycho-physical) parameters, according to the CIELab system, and chemicals, through evaluation of different intensities of bands related to the functional groups of the polysaccharides and lignin, respectively. The physical property of wetting was characterized with the aid of a goniometer, by means of which were measured drop of water contact angles (sessile drop technique). Finally, we evaluated the mechanical strength loss by destructive methods to use the Rockwell hardness tester. Among the results presented and discussed may be noted that: The wood Dipteryx odorata showed a higher natural resistance when compared to Simarouba amara and Cariniana micrantha. For rot fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum resulted in higher changes in technological properties of wood tested. The period 8-12 weeks, according to ASTM D 2017, was not sufficient for characterization of the natural resistance by mass loss. The time required for the characterization of natural resistance to fungi Trametes versicolor was 20, 14 and 12 weeks, while for Gloeophyllum trabeum was 20, 18 and 14 weeks for the wood Simarouba amara, Cariniana micrantha and Dipteryx odorata, respectively. The Rockwell hardness test was viable to be used as a complementary or principal tool in the characterization of deterioration of wood by decay fungi, being sensitive in predicting the early stages. Among the colorimetric parameters, the main estimators of natural resistance to white rot fungi and brown were the coordinate b* and lightness (L*), respectively. Through the DRIFT-MIR was found that the fungus attack Trametes versicolor provided reduction in a similar way, the intensity of bands intrinsic to polysaccharides and lignin, except for wood Cariniana micrantha. To the fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum, although some of the intensities of bands related to the lignin being reduced, the main characteristic was the reduction in intensity of the bands related to the polysaccharides. With respect to the sessile drop technique, although high standard deviation of the contact angle, the decayed samples tended to reduce the scattering drop of water, with lower wettability. In general, the test unconventional techniques were able to differentiate the attacks provided by white and brown rot.
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DANTAS, Hermeval Jales. "Aguardente bidestilada de algaroba envelhecida em barris de diferentes madeiras." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2013. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1803.
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HERMEVAL JALES DANTAS – TESE (PPGEP) 2013.pdf: 2896032 bytes, checksum: 137d385a4e870d4c6e3dccb8fa4f36c8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T17:18:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HERMEVAL JALES DANTAS – TESE (PPGEP) 2013.pdf: 2896032 bytes, checksum: 137d385a4e870d4c6e3dccb8fa4f36c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02
Capes
O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir aguardente bidestilada de algaroba e armazená-la em três diferentes tipos de madeiras (algarobeira, carvalho e cerejeira) com aplicação de três níveis de tosta, exercido por diferentes tempos de queima, na superfície interna de cada barrica. Determinaram-se as características físico-químicas (teor de água, proteína, açúcares redutores, açúcares não redutores e açúcares totais, minerais, carboidratos e acidez total) das vagens de algaroba in natura, após a prensagem e do caldo da algaroba na primeira e na segunda extração. Do caldo da algaroba foi selecionada uma cepa de levedura, a qual foi isolada e analisada do ponto de vista genético, por meio da metodologia de amplificação de DNA por eletroforese usando-se como iniciador (GTG)5 identificada como uma linhagem da Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Estudou-se a influência da velocidade de destilação e de aeração sobre os parâmetros físico-químicos, aplicando-se um planejamento fatorial 22 com três pontos centrais, na produção de aguardente bidestilada de algaroba Utilizaram-se barricas de algarobeira, cerejeira e carvalho, com tempos de um, dois e três minutos de queima na superfície interna da aduela. Na vagem de algaroba foram encontrados valores de açúcares totais, proteínas e minerais, de 35,9, 8,46 e 7,8% respectivamente, o que comprova seu potencial para a produção de aguardente; uma extração foi conseguida a partir da vagem hidratada, com valores de 17,92, 15,36 e 2,56% de açúcares totais, açúcares não redutores e de açúcares redutores, respectivamente. Selecionou-se uma linhagem de levedura existente no seu caldo de algaroba caracterizada como sendo Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A aguardente bidestilada de algaroba se encontra dentro dos parâmetros físico-químicos analisados e exigidos pelo M.A.P.A (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento) exceto quanto aos congêneres de álcoois superiores de 584,50 mg.100mL-1 e soma dos componentes secundários de 627,29 mg.100mL-1. Quanto ao contaminante carbamato de etila, foram registrados níveis abaixo de 50 μg.L-1 quando se avaliou o efeito da velocidade de destilação e de 69,8 μg.L-1 quando se utilizou a aeração, sendo esses valores inferiores aos 150 μg.L-1 exigidos pela legislação. Dentre as aguardentes de algaroba submetidas a diferentes tipos de barricas estudadas (Algaroba, Carvalho e cerejeira) a de carvalho, submetida à queima da aduela por 2 minutos (c2) foi a que obteve melhor aceitação com valores de 74% para aparência, 76% para o aroma, 58% para o sabor e 64% para a impressão global
This study aimed to produce double-distilled spirits of algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.) and store it in barrels made of three different types of wood (algarobeira‟, cherry tree and oak), subjected to three burning levels, during different times, on the inner surface of each cask. Physicochemical characteristics (water, protein, reducing, non-reducing, and total sugars, minerals, carbohydrates contents and as well as the total acidity) of the pod in natura, after pressing, and of the algaroba juice, in the first and second extractions, were determined. A yeast strain of the algaroba juice was selected, isolated and genetically analyzed through the DNA amplification by electrophoresis, using (GTG)5 as a primer. The analyzed yeast was identified as a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The distillation speed and aeration influence on the physicochemical parameters of algaroba double-distilled spirit were analyzed, using a factorial design 22 with three central points. Casks of „algarobeira‟, cherry tree and oak were used, subjected to one, two and three minutes of burning on the stave inner surface. Values of total sugars, proteins, and minerals of 35.9, 8.46 and 7.8%, respectively, were found in the algaroba pod, evidencing its potential in the production of spirit. An extraction was made from the hydrated pod, obtaining values of total, non-reducing, and reducing sugars of 17,92, 15,36 and 2,56%, respectively. A yeast strain of algaroba juice was selected and characterized as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The double-distilled spirit made from algaroba is within the physicochemical parameters analyzed and required by the MAPA (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply) except for the high congener of alcohols of 584.50 mg.100mL-1 and the sum of the secondary components of 627.29 mg.100mL-1. As for the contaminant ethyl carbamate, levels lower than 50 μg.L-1 and equal to 69,8 μg.L-1 were recorded by analyzing the effect of the distillation speed and aeration, respectively. These values are lower than 150 μg.L-1, which is required by the legislation. The algaroba spirit stored in the oak barrel, of which stave was subjected to burning for 2 minutes (c2), had the best acceptance of appearance (74%), aroma (76%), taste (58%), and overall impression (64%).
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Gonçalves, Patrícia 1994. "Reprodutibilidade e construção na escultura Modernista." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/33837.
Abstract:
This dissertation intends to study two sculptural procedures that contributed to the transition from Classicism to Modernity – Reproducibility and Construction. Therefore, a case study of the Portuguese and international artistic context is presented and analysed, from the end of the nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth, which was designated by Modernism.
Reproducibility was not a product of the twentieth century, but of a long process that led to the paradigm shift at the beginning of this century. Its impact on Artistic Teaching is observed, based on the analysis of three learning models, which opted for reproduction as the main pedagogical methodology. Reproduction of works of art, whether by teaching or by the artists' initiative, contributed to the proliferation of the sculptures themselves and, consequently, emphasized the didactic and plastic nature of reproducibility. The interest in the practice of technical reproduction, as a mean of artistic creation, began in the late nineteenth century, with Auguste Rodin, pioneer of modern sculpture. Also Pablo Picasso and Marcel Duchamp were precursors and influential during the Modernism, and the importance for their artistic productions in this investigation, is due to the fact that both of them took advantage of the reproduction of their own works, through the creation of series and editions. In the case of Constantin Brancusi, the use of reproduction was related to the way the Romanian sculptor took up the same themes throughout his artistic career. There were also sculptors that recovered themes and works of other artists, and Alberto Giacometti and Umberto Boccioni are examples of that. The construction is addressed according to a perspective that is the Picasso’s papiers collés, later called collage, the origin of the construction process. In this sense, it is argued that the collage lead to two different ways to build: one more focused on the potential of materials and meaning of objects owned by sculptors who were in charge of selecting, retrieving and re-contextualised within the art world, as was the case the assemblages, of appropriations, the ready-mades and objects Dada and Surrealist; the other, more directed to the actual construction technique, with "new" industrial materials and innovative technical processes. In short, it must be kept in mind that construction is the technical procedure that best characterizes modern sculpture, which has reached its apogee with Minimalism
Books on the topic "Madras Branch":
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Gnanadurai, P. M. Bishop Lesslie Newbigin: A biography. Chennai: Christian Literature Society, 2009.
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Gnanadurai, P. M. Bishop Lesslie Newbigin: A biography. Chennai: Christian Literature Society, 2009.
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Gnanadurai, P. M. Bishop Lesslie Newbigin: A biography. Chennai: Christian Literature Society, 2009.
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Murray, Padmini Ray. India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.003.0023.
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The Indian branch moved its headquarters from Bombay to New Delhi in 1972, heralding a new dynamism for OUP in India. With Delhi closely overseeing financial and editorial activities in the Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay offices and supervising showrooms in Hyderabad and Bangalore, the Indian branches concentrated on developing strong local educational and academic lists primarily in English, but also in Urdu, Bengali, and other local languages. OUP India operated in a political climate that discouraged imports and favoured indigenous businesses; the branch responded by having titles printed in India and by reinforcing its Indian identity through the publication of prominent Indian intellectuals and academics. The chapter discusses local production standards and costs, general branch finances, changes in branch management, and the relationship with the Press in Oxford.
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Richardson, Martin. OUP España. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.003.0019.
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ELT activity was vigorous in many European countries, but it was only in Spain that political, cultural, economic, and personal factors combined to produce a new branch designed principally to create and market OUP English Language Teaching courses. After the death of Franco and the establishment of constitutional monarchy in the late 1970s, the country reformed its political and educational systems; as a result, Spain emerged as the largest single ELT market in the world. OUP established a sales office in Madrid in 1981, and later enlarged this into the branch OUP España, which came to be a prime example of a commercial success for OUP in a non-English-speaking market. Under the leadership of Jesús Lezcano, OUP España developed its own ELT publications and adapted other OUP titles for the local market, as well as producing Spanish-language textbooks.
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Dudoignon, Stéphane A. After 1979. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655914.003.0005.
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The purpose of this chapter is to show how the Pahlavi monarchy (1925-79) has reacted to the creation of the Islamic University of Medina, in 1961, by allowing in Easternmost Iran the development of Deobandi madrasa teaching and reformed Sufism. It suggests that since then, the Hanafi School of Islamic law and jurisprudence has begun to re-emerge during those years as a specifically Persian if not Iranian, tradition that contested Shia hegemony within Iran while opposing cross-border Wahhabi influence. Reconstructing the demographic change and interethnic cum inter-confessional violence that preceded and went with the revolution of 1979 in Iranian Baluchistan, the author shows how, thanks to the region’s Deobandi Sunni religious establishment’s ultimate acceptance of Khomeini’s rule, the new regime paved the way for the Sarbaz nexus to assess their position as guarantors of social peace and intermediaries between the state and a new-brand ‘Sunni community of Iran’.
Book chapters on the topic "Madras Branch":
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Ruggles, D. Fairchild. "The Streets of Cairo and the Salihiyya Madrasa." In Tree of Pearls, 31–56. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873202.003.0003.
Abstract:
Sultan Salih’s major architectural work was the Madrasa Salihiyya, supported by a perpetual endowment, in the center of the walled city of Cairo. The second institution in the Islamic world to include the four major branches of Islamic law within one building, and the first in Egypt, it was the first to organize the educational program in four iwans (large open-sided halls), a typology that soon became ubiquitous. The solemn yet extensive ornament on its long facade, dedicatory inscriptions, large projecting entrance block, and tall ornamented minaret reveal the attention paid to urban space in that period in Cairo, especially the public space of the street.
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Pereira da Mota, Cesar, and Pedro Isaías. "Digital Marketing." In User Innovation and the Entrepreneurship Phenomenon in the Digital Economy, 28–49. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2826-5.ch002.
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Despite the fact that the branding of football is not a new phenomenon, the emergence of new media has provided the means and the opportunity for the widespread promotion of football club's brands. At the same time, the growing popularity of social media among football fan has empowered them to express their opinions and has granted them unlimited resources for information search and exchange. This chapter aims to examine the relationship that exists between Real Madrid's digital marketing actions and its promotion as a brand and the loyalty of its supporters. An online questionnaire was distributed among sports and football fans in order to identify their profile, their preferred communication channels, their use of social media and their knowledge about Real Madrid.
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Baena, Veronica. "Getting Supporter Engagement in Sports." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 130–46. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7617-4.ch007.
Abstract:
This chapter attempts to provide a better understanding of the impact that sport marketing is having on achieving customer engagement. To accomplish this goal, the case of the Real Madrid F.C., estimated at having over 200 million supporters worldwide, is analyzed. Moreover, the team is among the top three clubs of the world in terms of followers and engagement on social media. As regards brand value, the Real Madrid F.C. is worth more than any team in the world. The combination of the aforementioned factors made the Real Madrid F.C. the appropriate brand to choose for this study, representing a leading organization in sports, business, and marketing. A number of methods were used to collect data for this study; specifically, information about the team was gathered by repeatedly browsing its website, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram accounts, and apps. Data from interviews published in business press and posts were also compiled. Additionally, a focus group was conducted to discuss the customer engagement of Real Madrid's fans.
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Baena, Veronica. "Getting Supporter Engagement in Sports." In Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports, 325–37. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7707-3.ch018.
Abstract:
This chapter attempts to provide a better understanding of the impact that sport marketing is having on achieving customer engagement. To accomplish this goal, the case of the Real Madrid F.C., estimated at having over 200 million supporters worldwide, is analyzed. Moreover, the team is among the top three clubs of the world in terms of followers and engagement on social media. As regards brand value, the Real Madrid F.C. is worth more than any team in the world. The combination of the aforementioned factors made the Real Madrid F.C. the appropriate brand to choose for this study, representing a leading organization in sports, business, and marketing. A number of methods were used to collect data for this study; specifically, information about the team was gathered by repeatedly browsing its website, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram accounts, and apps. Data from interviews published in business press and posts were also compiled. Additionally, a focus group was conducted to discuss the customer engagement of Real Madrid's fans.
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Bocci, Elena, Annamaria Silvana de Rosa, and Laura Dryjanska. "Destination @-Branding of Ten European Capitals Through the Institutional Stems and Commercial Logos." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 4038–51. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch350.
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The research compares the social representations evoked by brands of the ten European Capitals (Rome, London, Paris, Helsinki, Vienna, Warsaw, Berlin, Madrid, Brussels and Lisbon) among potential first-visitors. The associative network technique has been applied using as iconic stimuli both the institutional stems and the commercial logos of each of the ten Capitals. Moreover, a grid has been created ad hoc to identify the distinctive elements of the institutional stems and the commercial logos. The analysis of the institutional stems resulted in detecting some elements that many cities have in common: textual elements (words written in Latin) as well as royal, military and symbolic elements, evoking especially mythological and historical aspects, narrating the history of the cities since their foundation. On the other hand, the commercial logos always include the names of the cities and as iconic urban narratives they use abstract signs to recall modern aspects and topicality of the brand. They meet the city's identity-related needs of “distinctiveness” and “recognition”.
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Bocci, Elena, Annamaria Silvana de Rosa, and Laura Dryjanska. "Destination @-Branding of Ten European Capitals Through the Institutional Stems and Commercial Logos." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 493–509. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7766-9.ch039.
Abstract:
The chapter compares the social representations evoked by brands of the 10 European capitals (Rome, London, Paris, Helsinki, Vienna, Warsaw, Berlin, Madrid, Brussels, and Lisbon) among potential first-visitors. The associative network technique has been applied using as iconic stimuli both the institutional stems and the commercial logos of each of the 10 capitals. Moreover, a grid has been created ad hoc to identify the distinctive elements of the institutional stems and the commercial logos. The analysis of the institutional stems resulted in detecting some elements that many cities have in common: textual elements (words written in Latin) as well as royal, military, and symbolic elements, evoking especially mythological and historical aspects, narrating the history of the cities since their foundation. On the other hand, the commercial logos always include the names of the cities, and as iconic urban narratives, they use abstract signs to recall modern aspects and topicality of the brand. They meet the city's identity-related needs of distinctiveness and recognition.
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Sheppard, Samantha N. "“Tyler Perry Presents …”: The Cultural Projects, Partnerships, and Politics of Perry’s Media Platforms." In From Madea to Media Mogul. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496807045.003.0001.
Abstract:
Samantha N. Sheppard provides a broad and establishing consideration of how Perry functions in and across different media industries. Sheppard analyzes Perry’s different “practices,” “partnerships,” and “politics” as she explores some of the ways in which Perry maximizes his name recognition and brand across different platforms like theater, film, television, straight to DVD, and video on demand. While Perry’s brand has been instrumental in marketing his high volume of creative projects, other directors and writers now also seek an association with him so that they might leverage their own works. In this way, Sheppard theorizes that Perry has become a media platformonto himself. In complicating and destabilizing the assumption that a partnership with Perry will naturally lead to success, the chapter concludes with an analysis of the production and marketing of one of Perry’s affiliated projects, Tina Gordon Chism’s 2013 comedy Tyler Perry Presents Peeples.
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Freeman, Tyrone McKinley. "Material Resources." In Madam C. J. Walker's Gospel of Giving, 143–64. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043451.003.0006.
Abstract:
Chapter 5 presents the range of material resources that Walker gifted to black individuals and organizations as an expression of her gospel of giving. Administered by her legal adviser, Freeman B. Ransom, these gifts reflected Walker’s philanthropic motivations during a period of significant financial growth for her company in the early 1910s. Drawing insights from the types of gifts given and the kinds and locations of recipients supported, the chapter demonstrates how black women’s philanthropy moved through black communities around the country. As a result, social needs were met, and a national infrastructure of organizations and networks was gradually constructed to navigate the debilitating effects of Jim Crow, and, eventually, dismantle the institution. The chapter presents four categories of giving by Walker: monetary, tangible nonmonetary items, employment, and institution building. It considers organizations she funded such as the colored branch of the YMCA and black schools and social services agencies, which were typically run by black women. Walker also engaged in criminal justice advocacy by funding attainment of pardons for black men jailed for murder. The geography of Walker’s giving emphasizes the importance of the cities of St. Louis, Missouri, and Indianapolis, Indiana, in her life story, as she maintained philanthropic commitments in those cities throughout her lifetime and afterward through her estate. The chapter examines Walker’s affinity for those cities and contrasts her gospel of giving, which emphasized the joy experienced in giving, with the larger scientific philanthropy movement of the era, which promoted rationalism over emotions in giving.
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Mattera, Marina, and Verónica Baena. "The Ball is in Your Court." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 74–87. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5994-0.ch006.
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This chapter conducts an in-depth study regarding a European football club's marketing strategy and brand management approach in order to evaluate customers' perceived ethicality and how consumers value corporate social responsibility activities. Specifically, the cases of Real Madrid and Barcelona FC (also named Barça) are analyzed. These two football teams are considered as they are two of the most successful sports teams in terms of worldwide supporters and revenues. The findings highlight how European football clubs should incorporate corporate social responsibility into their marketing strategy through the evaluation of consumer's perceived corporate social responsibility values and ethicality.
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Baena, Veronica, and Marina Mattera. "Golden Medals." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 25–46. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7617-4.ch002.
Abstract:
This chapter conducts an in-depth study regarding European football clubs' marketing strategies and brand management approaches in order to evaluate customers' perceived ethicality and how consumers value corporate social responsibility activities. Specifically, the case of European football clubs is evaluated during the 2013-2018 period. The evolution of the value of the top 20 football teams in 2013 were considered as they are the most valuable ones, and most renowned in terms of worldwide supporters and revenues. Furthermore, the success of the top three teams, Manchester United, FC Barcelona, and Real Madrid FC, were studied. The findings highlight how European football clubs should incorporate corporate social responsibility into their marketing strategy, combining it with their own players' approaches, in order to increase their value and reputation.
Conference papers on the topic "Madras Branch":
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Thayumanavan, Kumaran, and Moses Daniel R. "Brand Loyalty: A Perception Among Gems and Jewellery Retailers in Madurai District." In CAASR International Conference on Contemporary Management Practices. Canadian Arena of Applied Scientific Research Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18797/caasr/iccmp/2015/11/27/10.
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"Analisis Kesadaran Merek (Brand Awareness) pada Obyek Wisata di Kabupaten Bangkalan, Pulau Madura." In Seminar Nasional Budaya Madura V. UTM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/budayamadura.2019.2.
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Shi, Shuquan, Tengfei Wang, and Mihai Diaconeasa. "On the Use of the Accident Dynamic Simulator Method in Ship Collision Accident Analysis." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23424.
Abstract:
Abstract This paper proposes a maritime Accident Dynamic Simulator (MADS) method from one ship’s perspective of ship collision accident. The MADS model is built based on discrete dynamic event trees (D-DET) to generate the time-dependent ship collision accident scenarios. According to the characteristics of maritime activities, such as high freedom of participation, the big influence of the environment, and the high uncertainty, the MADS method is modified, and the analyzed ship collision scenario is reasonably simplified. Both crews’ decision-making process and ship manoeuvre are fully discretized to generate new branches of the D-DET. The interactions between encountered ships are modelled with an information transfer model to form the uncertainties between two ships. The MADS consists of physical simulation engine, crew response and interaction model, reliability model of the system hardware, functional model of human-system interfaces and event sequence controlling model. The MADS starts with a pre-set initiating event under a specific situation. Event branches are discretely generated based on probable alternative state changes of operator response or system evolution. The output probability of an end state can be calculated in the same way with the conventional event tree after the whole scenario completed. At the end of the paper, an accident case study is used to verify the efficiency of the ADS.
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Pardo, Rosa, and Alfonso Castro. "Branches of positive solutions of subcritical elliptic equations in convex domains." In The 10th AIMS Conference on Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations and Applications (Madrid, Spain). American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/proc.2015.0230.
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Kimura, Naoki, and Hitoshi Kohsaka. "FRI0328 BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDSIN THE TREATMENT OF POLYMYOSITIS AND DERMATOMYOSITIS: RESULTS FROM THE BTOUGH STUDY." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.5235.
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Campos, João. "The superb Brazilian Fortresses of Macapá and Príncipe da Beira." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11520.
Abstract:
During the eighteenth century Portugal developed a large military construction process in the Ultramarine possessions, in order to compete with the new born colonial trading empires, mainly Great Britain, Netherlands and France. The Portuguese colonial seashores of the Atlantic Ocean (since the middle of the sixteenth century) and of the Indian Ocean (from the end of the first quarter of the seventeenth century) were repeatedly coveted, and the huge Portuguese colony of Brazil was also harassed in the south during the eighteenth century –here due to problems in a diplomatic and military dispute with Spain, related with the global frontiers’ design of the Iberian colonies. The Treaty of Madrid (1750) had specifically abrogated the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) between Portugal and Spain, and the limits of Brazil began to be defined on the field. Macapá is situated in the western branch of Amazonas delta, in the singular cross-point of the Equator with Tordesillas Meridian, and the construction of a big fortress began in the year of 1764 under direction of Enrico Antonio Galluzzi, an Italian engineer contracted by Portuguese administration to the Commission of Delimitation, which arrived in Brazil in 1753. In consequence of the political panorama in Europe after the Seven Years War (1756-1763), a new agreement between Portugal and Spain was negotiated (after the regional conflict in South America), achieved to the Treaty of San Idefonso (1777), which warranted the integration of the Amazonas basin. It was strategic the decision to build, one year before, the huge fortress of Príncipe da Beira, arduously realized in the most interior of the sub-continent, 2000 km from the sea throughout the only possible connection by rivers navigation. Domingos Sambucetti, another Italian engineer, was the designer and conductor of the jobs held on the right bank of Guaporé River, future frontier’s line with Bolivia. São José de Macapá and Príncipe da Beira are two big fortresses Vauban’ style, built under very similar projects by two Italian engineers (each one dead with malaria in the course of building), with the observance of the most exigent rules of the treaties of military architecture.
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Costa Seijas, José Daniel, and José Manuel Cubela. "EXTRATEGIAS DE MEJORA DE LÍNEAS FERROVIARIAS." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4081.
Abstract:
The main objectives of investment on railway are improving connectivity and access to services; generate employment and amenities; while delivering cuts in carbon emissions, reductions in traffic noise, pollution and congestion. Within that general context, the existing options to improve a railway line are the upgrading of the existing line, which is called the brown field option, or to build a brand new line in the corridor, which is called the green field option and which is assumed a state of art line, i.e. a High Speed Line. There is, nevertheless, a third option that could be followed in which, first the existing line is upgraded and then a new High Speed Line is built in the same corridor. This latter option is acknowledged as economically inefficient, but it is needed to find out to what extend that assertion is true. The purpose of this study is, then, to reach a conclusion on that statement through the analyses of actual cases, i.e. not through a theoretical exercise but through an empirical research. In the first stage of the research two corridors that met the requirements of the study were identified: the Madrid - Valencia Line in Spain and Bordeaux – Spain Line in France. From the analysis of those corridors it was learnt that, indeed, building a new High Speed Line after upgrading the existing line in that corridor will not be economically efficient unless the new line is built after a number of years. That delay could be around 10 years, and will depend on the level of investment carried out for the upgrading and the expected growth of transport demand in the corridor.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4081