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Journal articles on the topic 'Madrid, Treaty of'

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Published: 26 July 2024

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1

Blay, S. K. N. "New Trends in the Protection of the Antarctic Environment: The 1991 Madrid Protocol." American Journal of International Law 86, no. 2 (1992): 377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203243.

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In June 1991, the Antarctic Treaty states, meeting in Madrid, Spain, approved the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol). The Protocol was adopted by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties and opened for signature on October 4, 1991. Negotiated over a three-year period, the Protocol, together with its annexes, is the most comprehensive multilateral document ever adopted on the international protection of the environment. It promises to be a significant blueprint for preserving the Antarctic. An ironic feature of the Protocol is that, while it bans
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2

Inagaki, Osamu. "Legal Issues concerning DROMLAN under the Antarctic Treaty System." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 12, no. 1 (2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_012010006.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore possible legal issues concerning the Dronning Maud Land Air Network (DROMLAN) under the Antarctic Treaty system. By examining the recent discussion concerning DROMLAN within the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) and relevant State practice, this paper argues that States parties have difficulty in fully complying with the obligations of advanced notice under Article VII (5) of the Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Impact Assessment under Article VIII (2) of the Madrid Protocol for DROMLAN’s operation. Finally, this paper suggests that good com
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3

Shah, Rohani Mohd, Rugayah Hashim, and Norha Abu Hanifah. "Antarctic Treaty System and Madrid Protocol 1991: Transformation of Legislation." APCBEE Procedia 1 (2012): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.03.013.

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4

Tari, Adrienn. "István Bethlen, el primer ministro de Hungría en España." Acta Hispanica 14 (January 1, 2009): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2009.14.19-30.

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There have been little to no investigations in Hungarian historiography concerning the visit of István Bethlen, Prime Minister of Hungary between 1921 and 1931, to Madrid. Unfortunately, the Hungarian National Archives only disposes of the text of the treaty drawn by the Hungarian-Spanish arbitrary committee. On the other hand, the Archive of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs holds numerous documents in relation with the treaty, amongst them, the correspondence between the heads of the ministries of foreign affairs. The Hungarian and Spanish press of the era also presents a detailed pict
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5

Tamm, Sune, Julia Jabour, and Rachael Lorna Johnstone. "Iceland’s Accession to the Antarctic Treaty." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 9, no. 1 (2018): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_009010012.

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On 13th October 2015, Iceland quietly submitted its instrument of accession to the Antarctic Treaty to the US Department of State (the depositary for the Antarctic Treaty). Iceland’s accession was not accompanied by any official declaration or public discussion in Iceland or elsewhere. This paper investigates some of the factors that are likely to have spurred the decision to join the Antarctic treaty system, examines current Icelandic interests in the Antarctic and proposes constructive policies to enhance Icelandic involvement in Antarctic governance and cooperation following the accession.
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6

Foster, Caroline E. "Due Diligence and Compliance with the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 13, no. 1 (2022): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_013010008.

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Abstract Due diligence standards have been read into treaty provisions for the protection for the environment and beyond in a wide range of international legal settings. The compliance provision of the Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, Article 13, invites a similar analysis. Despite the doubts of ten years ago that a due diligence standard would be sufficient and appropriate for protecting the Antarctic environment the concept has arguably evolved to the point where it can provide an effective framework for operationalising States’ responsibilities under the
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7

Gleb, Perepiliak. "Madrid Treaty of 1750. Repartition of Spain and Portugal’s overseas territories." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 3 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0013681-8.

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8

Nash, Marian. "Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law." American Journal of International Law 86, no. 3 (1992): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203968.

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The material in this section is arranged according to the system employed in the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law, published by the Department of State.Alan J. Kreczko, Deputy Legal Adviser of the Department of State, appeared before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on April 8, 1992, to testify in support of various pending treaties, among them four extradition treaties: the Extradition Treaty between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, signed at Nassau on March 9, 1990; the Protocol Amending
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9

Lyon, James M. B. "Will Bosnia Survive Dayton?" Current History 99, no. 635 (2000): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2000.99.635.110.

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A review of the Dayton Peace Accords four years after its signing shows that the ethnic cleansers have won: Bosnia is ethnically divided and significant portions of the treaty remain unimplemented. In the words of the December 1998 Madrid meeting of the Peace Implementation Council, ‘Bosnia and Herzegovina's structure remains fragile. Without the scaffolding of international support, it would collapse.’
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10

Ferreira Furtado, Junia. "Portuguese America under Foreign Threat and the Creation of the Concept of uti possidetis in the First half of the 18th Century." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna, no. 34 (October 30, 2021): 109–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfiv.34.2021.29359.

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The aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between invasions, cartography, and possessory law in the context of diplomatic relations between Portugal and Spain in the first half of the eighteenth century, in South America territories. The Castilian siege of Colônia do Sacramento and the French invasion of Fernando de Noronha island (1736 and 1737), awoke in the Portuguese ambassador D. Luís da Cunha the need to change the foundation on which the frontiers of Brazil were negotiated. He began to use the concept of uti possidetis as a strategy, which would become the directive for the
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11

Álvarez García, Beatriz. "Opposing peace: English political pamphlets against the Treaty of Madrid in 1630." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 27, no. 3 (2019): 370–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2019.1662376.

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12

BURD, RAFAEL. "A consolidação de uma liderança indígena durante a revolta causada pelo Tratado de Madri: o caso de Sepé Tiaraju, entre o confronto e a negociação * The consolidation of an indigenous leadership during the revolt caused by the Madri Treat..." História e Cultura 3, no. 2 (2014): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v3i2.980.

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<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> Quando falamos em História Indígena, um dos momentos de maior destaque é a chamada “Guerra Guaranítica”, ocorrida em decorrência do Tratado de Madri (1750). Essa rebelião indígena é apontada como um momento de resistência ao invasor europeu. Seu principal líder foi o guarani Sepé Tiaraju. Mas geralmente se esquece que, na metade do século XVIII, muitos indígenas já conheciam bem os códigos culturais europeus, pois o contato já havia sido feito havia mais de cem anos. Este artigo se propõe a pensar como Sepé Tiaraju agiu de acordo com sua condição d
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13

Lapidoth, Ruth. "Security Council Resolution 242 at Twenty Five." Israel Law Review 26, no. 3 (1992): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700011031.

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There is hardly any United Nations resolution which is quoted and referred to as often as 242. It has become the cornerstone for all stages in the settlement of the Arab-Israel conflict, as, for example, the Camp David Frameworks (1978) and the Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel (1979). In addition, it has been referred to by the conveners of the Madrid Conference (1991) as the basis for the negotiations which were started at that Conference and are going on as this article is being written.According to the letter of invitation to the Madrid Conference, the parties are invited to achieve pe
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Uryupova, Ekaterina, and Vasily Spiridonov. "Russia and the environmental protection of Antarctica: the 25th anniversary of the Madrid Protocol." Polar Record 53, no. 4 (2017): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247417000250.

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ABSTRACTIn 2016, we marked the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Protocol on the Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, or the Madrid Protocol. The Protocol signalled a commitment to address issues of climate change and the protection of the Antarctic resources. Russia exerted appropriate efforts pursuant to scientific research programmes, tourism and all other governmental and non-governmental activities. In the light of the commemoration of the anniversary, this paper highlights major steps of the Russian Federation toward the implementation of the international agreement and
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Lewis Williams, Elizabeth. "Creating poetry from the BAS archives: Commentary on, and extracts from, a new poetic sequence, “Met Obs”." Polar Record 55, no. 5 (2019): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247419000512.

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AbstractThe Antarctic Treaty of 1959, which dedicates the continent to peace and international scientific cooperation in the face of rising east–west tensions, is informed in part by a shared scientific imaginary created by the UK and other nations which maintained scientific bases in Antarctica at the time. In this article, the poet offers works extracted from her longer sequence “Met Obs,” based on meteorological reports and journals from the UK station at Port Lockroy written in advance of the 1957–1958 International Geophysical Year (IGY). The poems engage with the work and circumstances w
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16

WOOD, KEVIN R. "The Uncertain Fate of the Madrid Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty in the Maritime Area." Ocean Development & International Law 34, no. 2 (2003): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908320390209618.

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17

Blay, Sam, and Julia Green. "The practicalities of domestic legislation to prohibit mining activity in Antarctica: a comment on the Australian perspective." Polar Record 30, no. 172 (1994): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400021008.

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AbstractAfter its rejection of the Minerals Convention adopted by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) in 1988, Australia took a major step in its domestic law by enacting the Antarctic Mining Prohibition Act of 1991 (AMPA), to reinforce its general objection to mineral resource activities in Antarctica and its commitment to the protection ofthe Antarctic environment. With the adoption of the Protocol on Environmental Protectionto the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol) – which required the parties to take steps to implement its provisions, including the enactment of domestic l
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18

Rothwell, Donald R. "Australian and Canadian initiatives in polar marine environmental protection: a comparative review." Polar Record 34, no. 191 (1998): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400026012.

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AbstractIncreasing attention has been given to the protection of the polar marine environment throughout the 1990s. In the case of the Antarctic Treaty System, in addition to a number of recommendations and measures adopted at Antarctic Treaty Meetings, the 1991 Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty contains a number of measures that will enhance marine environmental protection in the Southern Ocean. In the case of the Arctic, the 1991 Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy identified marine pollution as being one of the major environmental issues in the Arctic,
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19

Beck, Peter J. "The 1991 UN session: the environmental protocol fails to satisfy the Antarctic Treaty System's critics." Polar Record 28, no. 167 (1992): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400028047.

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ABSTRACT1991 saw the ninth successive United Nations (UN) discussion on the ‘Question of Antarctica.’ The adoption of two more resolutions critical of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), including South African participation therein, reaffirmed the unchanging nature of the UN episode and the lack of consensus on the management of Antarctica. Key developments affecting Antarctica continue to occur away from New York: during 1990—91 the negotiations conducted at Vifia del Mar and Madrid for the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (PREP) and the measures agreed at the Bonn
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20

SOMMER, BARBARA A. "Cracking Down on the Cunhamenas: Renegade Amazonian Traders under Pombaline Reform." Journal of Latin American Studies 38, no. 4 (2006): 767–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0600160x.

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The 1750 Treaty of Madrid prompted Portuguese civil and ecclesiastical authorities under Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (later the Marquis of Pombal) to strengthen crown control of the Brazilian Amazon. Pombal's brother, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, governor and captain-general of the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, and Bishop Fr. Miguel de Bulhões e Sousa sought to supplant the missionaries, especially the Jesuits, and rein in autonomous backwoods Indian traders, called cunhamenas (Tupi for male in-law). The Lisbon Inquisition collaborated by prosecuting the infamous mameluco Ped
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21

Timokhin, K. V. "The Antarctic treaty and the evolution of its institutional mechanisms." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2019-4-104-113.

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INTRODUCTION. The article dwells on the issue of evolution of mechanism created to manage the Antarctic region: Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) and Committee on Environmental Protection (CEP). In the paper the main stages of the development of an ATCM as a main “political” body within the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) are analysed.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article is based on the analysis of the founding documents of the mentioned bodies – Antarctic Treaty of 1959 and Madrid Protocol to it of 1991, as well as the Rules of Procedure of the said bodies. Moreover, functioning of AT
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22

Costov, Ana, and Jessica Appelmann. "Exploitation of Antarctic Iced Freshwater: A Call To Unfreeze Legal Discourse." Groningen Journal of International Law 9, no. 1 (2021): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.9.1.60-77.

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While discussed within the Antarctic Treaty System during the 1970s-1980s, the idea of iceberg harvesting was laid on ice due to the lack of adequate technologies and scientific knowledge on the potential environmental implications. However, the State Parties to the ATS envisioned the possibility of reopening the legal discourse. For that purpose, iced freshwater resources exploitation was excluded from the scope of the Madrid Protocol containing a ban on all mineral mining activities within the scope ratione loci of the ATS. However, during the negotiations, it was agreed that if the prospect
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23

Chabat, Jorge. "Mexico's Foreign Policy in 1990: Electoral Sovereignty and Integration with the United States." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 4 (1991): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165877.

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Mexico's Foreign Policy of 1990 was marked by an acceleration of trends that began a few years ago, producing a pattern of relationships that would have been almost unimaginable only a decade ago. On the one hand, its most obvious characteristic — begun during the de la Madrid sexenio and heightened during Salinas's first year in office — was that economic recovery became the focal point of government strategy: i.e., there was an “economization” of foreign policy. On the other hand, and reflecting the weight given to economic issues, the movement toward integration with the United States — a t
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Santos da Silva, J. G., and G. L. Debona. "The use of steel structures to enable the design and construction of the main symbol of the verticalization process of Porto Alegre/RS." Metálica, no. 26 (December 31, 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30779/cmm_metalica_mi26_04.

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The city of Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul/ RS, was founded on March 26, 1772. The municipality in question is considered the southernmost capital of Brazil [1]. With an area of almost 500 km², the city has a very diversified geography, with hills, lowlands, and a large lake, the Guaíba, which skirts the city in a 70 km stretch of riverfront, being the most striking geographical expression of the gaucho capital [2]. Currently with a population estimated at around one and a half million inhabitants, the settlement of the region began with the arrival of only 60 Portugue
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25

Connor, M. A. "Wastewater treatment in Antarctica." Polar Record 44, no. 2 (2008): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740700719x.

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ABSTRACTSince the exploration of Antarctica began, procedures for dealing with human wastes have changed considerably. The establishment of research stations made it necessary to provide for sewage disposal. However, the introduction of advanced wastewater treatment processes has been driven largely by an intensifying concern to protect the Antarctic environment. A key step was the adoption by Antarctic Treaty nations of the so-called Madrid Protocol, in which minimum standards for sewage treatment and disposal are prescribed. The provisions of this protocol are not particularly onerous and so
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Silva, Gutemberg De Vilhena, and Stephane Granger. "TERRITORIAL FORMATION OF THE GUIANAS REGION." Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 52 (September 2, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v52i0.76301.

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For more than 9,500 years, the indigenous people reigned supreme in the construction of territorialities in the Guiana region, a part of the Amazon between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers, which borders the Atlantic Ocean. With the encounter of both worlds, a metaphor that refers to the contact of the indigenous people with the European explorers, everything changed and the last five centuries have been marked by wars, killings, and various territorial restructurings in the Guianas. Through a geopolitical perspective as a methodological fulcrum, and anchored in literature review and thematic car
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Camenzuli, Danielle, Kirstie A. Fryirs, Damian B. Gore, and Benjamin L. Freidman. "Managing legacy waste in the presence of cultural heritage at Wilkes Station, East Antarctica." Polar Record 51, no. 2 (2013): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247413000740.

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ABSTRACTThe Antarctic Treaty has been the principal governing force in Antarctica since 1961. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol) requires that all past and present work and waste-disposal sites are cleaned up unless doing so would cause greater environmental damage or the site is considered to be a monument of significant historical importance. Despite this requirement, legacy waste issues remain unresolved in parts of Antarctica. Clean-up operations in Antarctica are complicated by a combination of restricted access, extreme weather, financial l
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28

Agüero Carnerero, Cristina. "Diplomacy and Noble Culture: the 10 th Admiral of Castile and the Extraordinary Embassy of the Duke of Gramont in Madrid." Culture & History Digital Journal 11, no. 1 (2022): e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2022.005.

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The marriage of Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa of Spain sanctioned the end of the Franco-Spanish war (1635-1659). The terms of the peace treaty and the marriage agreement were the result of a long negotiation which conclude with the extraordinary embassy sent to Madrid, led by Antoine III Gramont, marshal of France and duke of Gramont. In this article, we examine different aspects of the entry, reception and regalement of the French embassy at the court of Philip IV. For this purpose, we have considered an extensive corpus of textual sources (accounts, diaries, memories, poetical compos
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29

Soler i Lecha, Eduard. "NATO looks south: priorities, strategies and instruments." Notes Internacionals CIDOB, no. 279 (September 29, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/279/en.

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The Russian invasion of Ukraine has changed the way the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) addresses security challenges on its southern flank. At the Madrid summit (29-30 June 2022), the allies acknowledged the importance of the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Sahel and the Middle East as a space of global geopolitical competition and an area with worrying levels of human insecurity and foci of instability. NATO could play a more constructive role on its southern flank by: 1) improving stabilisation and crisis management approaches and instruments; 2) finding ways to transform partner
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Starzhynskaya, Olga. "Riots in the governorate of the Río de la Plata in 1750-1754. Transmigration of the seven missions according to the Jesuit sources." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 9 (2023): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0027278-4.

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The article examines in detail the events associated with the transfer of territories of 7 Jesuit missions to Portugal, that took place in the governorate of Rio de la Plata between the signing of the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 and the beginning of the Guarani War with the troops of the metropolitan countries, which clearly show that during their life in the missions, the indigenous peoples not only did not lose their identity, but also strengthened so much, that they could resist, morally and physically, both to the Jesuits, as well as to the colonists and the troops of the metropolitan countri
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Garbowski, Christopher. "The Ukrainian War." Polish Review 68, no. 3 (2023): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23300841.68.3.03.

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Abstract This article presents the Polish perspective together with Poland's response to the war in Ukraine. Because the situation is quite dynamic, the report documents the early period, that is, approximately the first half year of the conflict. Social consequences such as the flood of refugees from the war-torn country to Poland are examined, also with a view of how it affected resident Ukrainians at the time. In its position as a North Atlantic Treaty Organization eastern flank country, the organization's summit in Madrid at the end of June 2022 and how it was evaluated by Poles is of sign
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VLADU, Mircea. "Considerații privind concepția Alianței Nord-Atlantice și cea a Uniunii Europene vizând protecția infrastructurilor critice." Gândirea Militară Românească 2023, no. 3 (2023): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2023.3.10.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) agree that the strategy of conflict management has undergone fundamental changes in that the neutralisation of critical infrastructure has become an element that facilitates success much more easily than the neutralisation of an adversary’s forces, as it triggers chain reactions leading to the destabilisation of society. According to NATO and EU experts, an infrastructure can only be considered critical when it becomes essential and of particular importance to the functionality of a system and when some or all of its com
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VLADU, Mircea. "Considerations on the NATO and EU Approach to Critical Infrastructure Protection." Romanian Military Thinking 2023, no. 3 (2023): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2023.3.10.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) agree that the strategy of conflict management has undergone fundamental changes in that the neutralisation of critical infrastructure has become an element that facilitates success much more easily than the neutralisation of an adversary’s forces, as it triggers chain reactions leading to the destabilisation of society. According to NATO and EU experts, an infrastructure can only be considered critical when it becomes essential and of particular importance to the functionality of a system and when some or all of its com
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Altic, Mirela. "Missionary Cartography of the Amazon after the Treaty of Madrid (1750): The Jesuit Contribution to the Demarcation of Imperial Frontiers." Terrae Incognitae 46, no. 2 (2014): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0082288414z.00000000032.

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Dimitrova, Svetoslava, Tereza Trencheva, Evelina Zdravkova, and Kamelia Planska-Simeonova. "Global Intellectual Property Applications and Active IP Rights (2015-2020) – Result of IP Education." Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 12 (September 7, 2022): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2022.12.7.

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The purpose of this paper is to compare data, covering four types of industrial property – patents, utility models, trademarks, and industrial designs in the period 2015-2020, based on the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Indicators. In the category patents and utility models are compared percentage shares of total patent applications by the top five offices; patent applications for the top 10 offices; top 10 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) applicants; utility model applications for the top 10 offices. In the category trademark are compared percentage shares of total trademark f
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36

Lyons, David. "Environmental impact assessment in Antarctica under the Protocol on Environmental Protection." Polar Record 29, no. 169 (1993): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400023561.

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ABSTRACTThe background to the development and implementation of environmental impact assessment procedures in Antarctica is reviewed and the principles and procedures of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol of 1991) are outlined. The difficulties in determining the appropriate level of assessment and the practical, operational aspects of carrying out the evaluations are examined. Particular attention is given to the meaning of terminology in the Protocol, the interpretation of environmental principles and standards, alternatives to the proposed
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French, Duncan. "Sustainable development and the 1991 Madrid protocol to the 1959 Antarctic treaty: The primacy of protection in a particularly sensitive environment." Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 2, no. 3 (1999): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880299909353935.

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38

KOVALEV, YURI. "FIVE YEARS OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE GLOBAL CLIMATE TREATY." History and modern perspectives 3, no. 1 (2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2021-3-1-20-29.

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The article presents an analysis of the main stages in the development of climate diplomacy on the eve of the Paris Agreement and the specifics of the negotiation process at the very summit in Paris in November-December 2015. The main provisions of the Paris Climate Agreement are described, its “strengths” and “weaknesses” are shown. The development of the negotiation process within the framework of the post-Paris climate policy at the Conference of the Parties in Marrakesh (2016), Bonn (2017), Katowice (2018) and Madrid (2019) was considered. The main decisions and conclusions of the Conferen
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39

Hillebrand, Claudia. "Guarding EU-wide Counter-terrorism Policing: The Struggle for Sound Parliamentary Scrutiny of Europol." Journal of Contemporary European Research 7, no. 4 (2011): 500–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v7i4.328.

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Since the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, DC (2001), Madrid (2004) and London (2005), the European Union (EU) has stepped up its efforts to develop new instruments and reinforce existing ones to fight terrorism jointly. One of the key aspects of the EU-wide fight against terrorism and serious crime is the facilitation and enforcement of information and intelligence exchange among law enforcement authorities and, to a limited extent, security and intelligence services. This article examines how far the EU’s commitment to democracy, accountability and transparency is actually fulfi
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Jelisavac, Sanja. "International regulation of intellectual property rights." Medjunarodni problemi 56, no. 2-3 (2004): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0403279j.

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Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and works of art, as well as symbols, names, images, and designs that are used in commerce. Intellectual property is divided into two categories industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and copyright which includes literary and works of art such as novels, poems and plays films, musical works, works of art such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs. Rights related to copyright include those of p
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Anderson, Jennifer L. "Better Judges of the Situation: Environmental Realities & Problems of Imperial Authority in the Bay of Honduras." Itinerario 30, no. 3 (2006): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300013371.

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In 1786, Britain and Spain concluded the Convention of London, a treaty renewing permission for Anglo woodcutters to cut timber within a designated area in the Bay of Honduras. In exchange, Britain affirmed once again Spain's sovereignty over this valuable section of the Central American coast. As a revision of several earlier treaties, this new agreement differed in that, while allowing mahogany cutting for the first time, it attempted to strictly define and limit the boundaries within which the woodcutters (or Baymen as they called themselves) could operate, and took decisive steps to restri
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42

Anikeeva, Natalia, and Natalia Kapitonova. "The Problem of Gibraltar in British-Spanish Relations in the Context of Brexi." Contemporary Europe 99, no. 6 (2020): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope620206475.

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The article deals with the problem of Gibraltar in British-Spanish relations in light of Brexit. The provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 do not allow the UK and Spain to reach a compromise and move forward in resolving the dispute over Gibraltar. From Britain’s perspective, the Gibraltar issue appears to be a permanent and irritating element in relations with Spain. Gibraltar does not seek to return to the jurisdiction of Spain, as indicated by the results of referendums held in Gibraltar in 1967 and 2002. During the negotiations on regional cooperation in 2004, the parties announced t
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Reiss, M. L. L., R. S. da Rocha, R. S. Ferraz, et al. "DATA INTEGRATION ACQUIRED FROM MICRO-UAV AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER FOR THE 3D MAPPING OF JESUIT RUINS OF SÃO MIGUEL DAS MISSÕES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-315-2016.

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The Jesuit Missions the Guaranis were one of the great examples of cultural, social, and scientific of the eighteenth century, which had its decline from successive wars that followed the exchange of territories domain occupied by Portugal and Spain with the Madrid Treaty of January 13, 1750. One of the great examples of this development is materialized in the ruins of 30 churches and villages that remain in a territory that now comprises part of Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. These Churches, São Miguel das Missões is among the Brazilian ruins, the best preserved. The ruins of São Miguel das
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Reiss, M. L. L., R. S. da Rocha, R. S. Ferraz, et al. "DATA INTEGRATION ACQUIRED FROM MICRO-UAV AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER FOR THE 3D MAPPING OF JESUIT RUINS OF SÃO MIGUEL DAS MISSÕES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-315-2016.

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The Jesuit Missions the Guaranis were one of the great examples of cultural, social, and scientific of the eighteenth century, which had its decline from successive wars that followed the exchange of territories domain occupied by Portugal and Spain with the Madrid Treaty of January 13, 1750. One of the great examples of this development is materialized in the ruins of 30 churches and villages that remain in a territory that now comprises part of Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. These Churches, São Miguel das Missões is among the Brazilian ruins, the best preserved. The ruins of São Miguel das
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45

Yurchik, E. E. "Russian diplomats in Spain and Antonio Ugarte (1812-1813): the controversial cooperation." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 11, no. 1 (2023): 146–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-1-146-162.

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The article focuses on several cases in the history of Russian-Spanish diplomatic relations during the Spanish War of Independence, especially during the first year of the Alliance treaty between the two powers. Basing on the Russian and Spanish archives, the author studies the interaction of Pavel Mohrenheim and Yuly Wallenstein, Russian diplomats in Spain, with Antonio Ugarte y Larrazábal, the Spanish bureaucrat, responsible for the property and archive of the Russian mission in Madrid in 1812 – 1813. The article tends to reveal the characteristics of Russian diplomatic activity in the extra
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Benito, Agueda. "The European Higher Education Area: An Interesting Opportunity to Contribute to Global Advancement." Higher Learning Research Communications 2, no. 3 (2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v2i3.77.

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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Throughout the ten years of development of the Bologna process, or creation of the European Higher Education Area, active participation from universities and students was encouraged and the number of countries that adhered to the treaty grew. Governments modifie
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De la Torre Espinosa, Mario. "Simone Trecca, Filmicidad / Literariedad / Teatralidad: la diseminación intermedial de tres clásicos españoles. Madrid: Visor, 2019. ISBN: 978-84-9895-217-9. 178 pp." Talía. Revista de estudios teatrales 2 (July 8, 2020): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/tret.67239.

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Migueláñez González, Daniel. "José-Luis García Barrientos (dir.), Análisis de la dramaturgia uruguaya actual. Madrid: Antígona, 2018. ISBN: 978-84-16923-78-6. 322 pp." Talía. Revista de estudios teatrales 2 (July 8, 2020): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/tret.69504.

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Caballero López, Daniel. "Hacia una crítica de la razón histórica: la historia filosofante de Kant." LOGOS Revista de Filosofía, no. 134 (February 11, 2020): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26457/lrf.v0i134.2531.

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Resumen En el presente artículo (i) se desarrolla una crítica al discurso histórico-filosófico de Kant para explicitar sus condiciones de posibilidad, desde lo cual se erige un modelo hermenéutico que (ii) hace inteligible la historia filosofante de la filosofía presente en Los progresos de la metafísica desde los tiempos de Leibniz y Wolff, mostrando cómo las condiciones operan allí y constituyen una determinada narrativa que da cuenta de las perspectivas desde las cuales se ofrece la historia; después (iii) se realiza la interpretación de la historia desde el modelo con el fin de señalar su
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Martín Lago, Zoe. "G. Laín Corona y R. Santiago Nogales (eds.), Teatro, (auto)biografía y autoficción (2000-2018). En homenaje al profesor José Romera Castillo. Madrid: Visor Libros, 2019. ISBN: 978-84-9895-210-0. 904 pp." Talía. Revista de estudios teatrales 2 (July 8, 2020): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/tret.70184.

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