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1
Andalas, Maharani Intan. "NARASI REALISME MAGIS DALAM PUISI “GONG” KARYA NIRWAN DEWANTO." GENTA BAHTERA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47269/gb.v3i2.12.
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AbstrakPengaruh kesusastraan global berupa realisme magis ditemukan dalam sastra Indonesia, baik dalam prosa maupun puisi. Salah satu indikasi karya realisme magis adalah dihadirkannya mitos dalam konteks masa kini. Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana yang magis dan yang nyata dinarasikan berdasarkan elemen-elemen yang menjadi karakteristik realisme magis dalam puisi “Gong” serta hubungan antarelemen dan kadar realisme magis di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori naratif realisme magis Wendy B. Faris. Metode penelitian didasarkan pada teori berupa penentuan data dan pengumpulan data yang meliputi klasifikasi data menjadi dua kategori utama, yaitu data magis dan data riil. Dalam hasil dan pembahasan, dibuktikan bahwa puisi “Gong” mengandung narasi realisme magis atas mitos Calon Arang melalui lima karakteristik realisme magis yang terdapat di dalamnya. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan relasional di antara elemen yang menjadi karakteristik tersebut. Kadar realisme magis dilihat dari tokoh dan peristiwa dapat dikatakan cukup kuat. Puisi ini menggarisbawahi isu perempuan dan akhir patriaki. Isu tersebut berkait dengan konteks posmodernisme. Penggunaan mitos dalam puisi memperlihatkan cara pandang posmodernisme yang tidak terlepas dari Jakarta sebagai konteks sosial penyair. Kata kunci: mitos, narasi, realisme, magis, karakteristik AbstractThe impact of global literature of magical realism is found in Indonesia literature in both prose and poetry. One indication of the work of magical realism is the representation of myth in the contemporary context. The problem discussed in this research are the narration of the magic and the real in Gong poem and the connection between elements, also the level of magical realism in it. This research used narrative theory of magical realism by Wendy B Faris. This research method was based on magical realism theory in the form of data determination and data collection which included the classification into two categories namely magical data and real data. In result and discussion proved that Gong poem contained a narrative of magical realism upon Calon Arang myth through five characteristic of magical realism in it beside the relation among the elements. Magical realism level seen from character and events was strong enough. This poem underlines the issues of women and the end of patriarchy. The issues are related with postmodernism context. The myths in poem shows postmodernism point of view that can’t be separate from Jakarta as social context. Keywords: myth, narrative, magical, realism, characteristic
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Prasetyohadi, Dio Catur, Hat Pujiati, and Irana Astutiningsih. "Magical Realism-Like in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream (Serupa Realisme Magis dalam “A Midsummer Night's Dream” karya Shakespeare)." JENTERA: Jurnal Kajian Sastra 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jentera.v7i1.508.
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This article uses concepts of magical realism by Wendy B. Faris to analyze Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. We analyze elements of magical realism of the work in mapping discourses between the text and the real life. The chosen material object that published earlier than the theory we chose make this work contributes to describe the trace of the civilization development; event of in-betweeness of human consciousness. However, we have found that A Midsummer Night’s Dream is only a magical realism-like mode, since realism is dominant in the text as the trace of modernity. Meanwhile, the characteristics of Magical Realism that is postulated by Faris is in-between realism and fantasy as a trace of transition era; modern to postmodern. Abstrak: Artikel ini menggunakan konsep-konsep realism magis oleh Wendy B. Faris untuk menganalisis “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” karya Shakespeare. Kami menganalisis elemen-elemen realism magis yang ada dalam karya untuk memetakan wacana-wacana yang ada antara teks dan kenyataan. Pemilihan objek materi yang telah dipublikasi lebih awal dari kelahiran teori yangkami pilih ini berkontribusi untuk menjelaskan jejak perkembanan peradaban Kebudayaan; peristiwa keberantaraan pada kesadaran manusia. Namun demikian, kami menemukan bahwa “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” hanyalah moda tulisan Serupa Realisme Magis, karena dominan teks lebih pada realisme yang merupakan jejak dari modernitas. Sementara syarat realism magis yang ditawarkan Faris adalah keberantaraan realisme dan fantasi sebagai jejak era transisi modern menuju postmodern.
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Faruk, Faruk, Cahyaningrum Dewojati, Fadil Munawwar Manshur, and Asef Saeful Anwar. "REALISME MAGIS DI PESANTREN DARUSSALAM CIAMIS." Bakti Budaya 3, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bb.55497.
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AbstractNowadays magical Realism is the most popular literary genre in the world. This genre has strong influences in literature as well as fine art and film. It is for this reason that people competence in working with this genre is very important for developing Indonesian creative industry. Therefore, Magister Program for Literary Studies Faculty of Cultural Sciences Gadjah Mada University necessities to have a workshop program for investing people writing capability in this kind of genre. Target subject for the program is Darussalam Literary Community whose activities located in Islamic Boarding House (Pesantren) Darussalam, Ciamis, West Java. By using theory of Magical Realism and participatory method in three days intensive course the program found that the member of community involved in the course had strong potential capacity in literary writing. Although the first step of the program focused in training for writing in realistic literary work, there was a surprising phenomenon indicated the participant capability in writing magical realist work as well. -----------AbstrakRealisme magis merupakan genre sastra yang saat ini paling populer di dunia. Paham ini tidak hanya berpengaruh di bidang seni sastra, tetapi juga seni rupa, film, dan sebagainya. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan untuk menulis karya sastra dengan genre ini sangat penting bagi industri kreatif. Dengan alasan inilah, Program Magister Ilmu Sastra, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya UGM menganggap perlu untuk mengadakan pelatihan penulisan sastra realisme magis ini bagi masyarakat. Yang dipilih sebagai kelompok sosial sasaran adalah Komunitas Sastra Darussalam yang berlokasi di Pesantren Darussalam Ciamis. Tahap pertama program ini adalah pelatihan dasar penulisan sastra dengan genre realisme yang juga menjadi dasar dari realisme magis. Program itu dilaksanakan secara intensif selama tiga hari dengan menggunakan teori realisme magis sebagai kerangka konseptualnya dan gabungan antara ceramah, diskusi, latihan, dan partisipasi sebagai metodenya. Hasil kegiatan tersebut membuktikan bahwa peserta pelatihan yang berjumlah 15 orang mempunyai kepekaan terhadap persoalan-persoalan empiris yang ada di lingkungan pesantren dan mempunyai kemampuan dalam penulisan latar, tokoh, serta alur cerita. Meskipun program pada tahap ini difokuskan pada penulisan karya sastra yang realistis, peserta sudah memperlihatkan potensi dalam penulisan realisme magis.
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Widijanto, Tjahjono. "JAGAD ALUS MISTIS JAWA DALAM CERPEN-CERPEN DANARTO DAN FANTASI MAGIS TERNATE DALAM NOVEL CALA IBI KARYA NUKILA AMAL." JENTERA: Jurnal Kajian Sastra 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jentera.v7i1.682.
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Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji kumpulan cerpen Godlob karya Danarto dan novel Cala Ibi karya Nukila Amal dari sudut pandang realisme magis. Realisme magis dipahami sebagai gaya estetetik yang mengandung unsur-unsur magis bercampur aduk dengan realitas. Dalam realisme magis wilayah mistis dan realitas empiris diperlakukan sejajar karena yang fantasi dan supranatural mengakar pada realitas kultural dan historis. Kajian dalam tulisan ini berdasarkan pandangan bahwa teks sastra pasti akan terpengaruh oleh kultur masyarakat dan pengarangnya. Muatan makna yang terdapat di dalam karya sastra akan dipengaruhi dan ditentukan oleh kosmologi budaya, nila-nilai, norma, konvensi sosial budaya atau bahkan ideologi pengarangnya. Metode dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, yakni prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data-data deskriptif berupa kata-kata atau kalimat tertulis yang menunjukkan kadar realisme magis dalam cerpen-cerpen Danarto yang terkumpul dalam kumpulan cerpen Godlob dan dalam novel Cala Ibi karya Nukila Amal. Dalam kumpulan crpen Godlob karya Danarto maupun novel Cala Ibi Nukila Amal dapat ditemukan ciri-ciri realisme magis, yakni elemen yang tidak dapat direduksi, dunia fenomenal, keraguan-keraguan yang menggoyahkan, penggabuangan antara yang magis fantasi dengan realitas dan rusaknya batas, ruang, waktu dan identitas. Dalam cerpen-cerpen Danarto, realisme magis berlandaskan mistisisme Jawa berupa konsep-konsep sangkan paraning dumadi, mulih-mulanira, dan manunggaling kawula-gusti, sedangkan dalam novel Cala Ibi, realisme magis berdasarkan mitos-mitos historis Ternate, dan sufisme Islam dengan konsep wahdatul wujud. Abstract: These article investigate the short story collections of Godlob by danarto and novel Cala Ibi by Nukila Amal from from point of view magical realism. Magical realism is being understood as an aesthetic style which is consist of magical elements that mixed by reality. In magical realism, the mistic and empirical reality treated parallely because of the fantasy and supranatural which is rooted to cultural and historical reality. The study of these writing based on a view that literature writing will be affected and determined cultural cosmology, values, norm, cultural social converence or even the writer ideology. The metode in these writing using descriptive qualitative metode, that is research procedure which is produced descriptive datas contain word`s or `written sentences pointed Godlob and the novel Cala Ibi by Nukila Amal can be found in the magical realism: elements that cannot be reducted, fenomenal world, faltering doubts, merging between magical fantasy with reality and the damage limit, space, time and identity. In Danarto’s short story, magical realism based on Javanese mistism such as concept sangkan paraning dumadi,mulih mulanira and manunggaling kawula gusti. While in the novel Cala Ibi, magical realism based on Ternate historical myths and Islamic sufism with wihdatul wujud comcept.
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Murtaza, Aemen, Mamona Yasmin Khan, and Masroor Sibtain. "Magical Realism: Portrayal of Human Suffering in The Particular Sadness of Lemon Cake by Aimee Bender." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-i).24.
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Magical realism is a genre of literature where fantasy and magic are normalized in reality, and the real world has an undercurrent of magical elements going on. The research is based on the qualitative method within the framework of the theory of Magical Realism presented by Wendy B. Faris (2004). The study at hand explores different aspects of magical realism in the selected novel by analyzing major themes according to Faris's theory of Magical Realism. The research aims to show how the typical presences of people in the novel have been super naturalized through heavenly magical realist segments. Moreover, the significance of this study lies in the fact that it explored seemingly opposite phenomena of 'magic' and 'realism' and established a connection between them. The study seeks to find how each character of the novel The Particular Sadness of Lemon Cake is enduring in their own particular manner, representing the suffering of individuals in the real world considering the situation after World Wars. This research will open the ways for future researchers to work in the direction of magical realism and enhance its scope in general.
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Rizkita Laily, Vany. "NARRATIVE OF MAGIC REALISM IN THE JOHN BELLAIRS’ NOVEL: THE HOUSE WITH THE CLOCK IN ITS WALLS." ANAPHORA: Journal of Language, Literary and Cultural Studies 3, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/anaphora.v3i2.4621.
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This research aims to analyze the relationship between the novel written by John Bellairs entitled The House With A Clock In Its Walls and the magical elements of realism. By using Wendy B. Faris magic realism theory which focuses on the five characters of magic realism, namely, irreducible, phenomenal world, unsettling doubt, merging of nature, and the disturbance of time, space and identity. This research also uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Through this approach, this research can find the results that the five elements or characters of magical realism can be found in the novel.
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Sundusiah, Suci. "MEMAHAMI REALISME MAGIS DANARTO DAN MARQUEZ." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v12i1.76.
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Begun as a theme of painting art, magical realism exists as a typical place in litarature. The works of magical realism literature efforts to appear magical aspects such as superstition, beliefs, folklor and spiritual substance exceding from the logic into reality of daily lifes. The substance of the magic is integrated in the accepted traditions and cultures. This article analyzes short stories of Danarto and a novel of Marquez. Both aouthors are selected as they represent pionneers of writing style of magical realism from two different cultures. Both authors express the same writing style, but their patterns of rhetoric differ. Danarto focuses on the magical realism of religion, sufism and Javanese cultures, combining magical realism with surealism styles. In addition, Marquez brings readers to the structure of Latin American society that produces unpredictable magical cultures.
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Luburić-Cvijanović, Arijana. "Magic, realism and the river between: The cultural weight of postcolonial magic(al) realism." Kultura, no. 168 (2020): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2068069l.
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Magic(al) realism has for long attracted critical attention as one of the more theoretically elusive concepts which has been termed magic, magical, and magic(al), interpreted as a narrative genre, mode, or strategy, and analyzed alongside similar terms and neighbouring genres. While it briefly summarizes the troubling terminology associated with magic(al) realism, this paper focuses on the cultural significance of-magic(al) realism for postcolonial writing, and delves into its role as a strategy of resistance in the representation of culture and history, its destabilizing project, and the possible pitfalls in its employment.
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Azizmohammad, Fatemeh, and Atieh Rafati. "A Comparative Study of Isabel Allende “Ines of My Soul” and Gabriel Garcia Marquez “Love in the Time of Cholera” from the View Point of Features of Magic Realism." English Language and Literature Studies 8, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v8n1p57.
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This tentative study suggests Isabel Allende “Ines of my soul” and Gabriel Garcia Marquez “Love in the Time of Cholera” from magic realism point of view. Magic Realism is a Latin American literary movement which attempts to depict the reality in human’s mind. This literary movement is originated in the Latin American’s fiction in the middle of twentieth century. Isabel Allende, who is famous because in the most of her novels the magic realism is used, depicts the life of Ines Suarez, without whom the settlement of Chile could not be achieved, in the historical novel “Ines of my soul”.The father of magic realist writers, Gabriel Garcia Marquez in “Love in the time of cholera”, depicts the inside and outside worlds of man in this world, with the using of magic realism, he wants to show these opposites clearly.In this study, firstly, a model of analysis will be assumed by the features of magic realism. Next, Allende’s and Marquez’s novels will be read and analyzed within the magic realism pattern, the magic realism’s features will be traced in the novel. Finally, possible implications of both the model and the findings of the research for literary criticism and teaching novels of this kind will be discussed.
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Salsabila, Ananda Farah, and Karkono. "Unsur Elemen tak Tereduksi (Irreducible Element) Realisme Magis Dalam Novel Bumi Karya Tere Liye." JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v1i12021p49-61.
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Abstract: Magical realism is a theory by Wendy B. Faris that tells about a narrative that combines the elements of fantasy and reality. The term magical realism was created in 1925 throughout the world of painting and was introduced by Franz Roh, a German art critic. The novel Bumi by Tere Liye that was published in 2014 has the concept of magical realism in it. The writing in this novel contains an imaginary adventure where the main characters are trying to find their true self until they reach the parallel universe. This qualitative research uses a library research method. The data collected were verbal and linguistic data that contains an irreducible element in the data source that is the novel Bumi by Tere Liye. Irreducible element contained in the narrative includes the magical abilities of the main characters, such as Raib who can turn invisible, Seli who can radiate blue lightning, and Ali who can transform into a giant bear. There are also magical objects in this novel, such as the moving alley, The Book of Life, The Sun gloves, and others. The existence of a parallel universe is also a factor that strengthens the irreducible element in this novel.
Keywords: magical realism, irreducible element, Bumi novel
Abstrak: Realisme magis adalah sebuah teori yang dirumuskan oleh Wendy B. Faris mengenai narasi yang memadukan unsur fantasi dan realita. Istilah realisme magis lahir pada 1925 melalui dunia lukis dan diperkenalkan oleh Franz Roh, seorang kritikus seni Jerman. Novel Bumi karya Tere Liye yang terbit pada tahun 2014 mengangkat konsep realisme magis. Penulisan dalam novel ini mengandung petualangan imajinasi dimana para tokoh-tokoh utamanya dikisahkan bahwa mereka sedang berada dalam petualangan mencari jati diri mereka dan pencarian itu mereka lakukan hingga ke dunia paralel. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data verbal dan kebahasaan yang mengandung unsur Irreducible Element dalam sumber data berupa novel Bumi karya Tere Liye. Unsur Irreducible Element yang terdapat dalam narasi meliputi kemampuan magis tokoh-tokoh utama, seperti Raib yang dapat berubah menjadi tak kasat mata, Seli yang dapat memancarkan petir biru, dan Ali yang dapat berubah menjadi beruang raksasa. Dalam novel ini juga terdapat objek-objek magis seperti lorong berpindah, Buku Kehidupan, sarung tangan Klan Matahari, dan lain sebagainya. Keberadaan Dunia Paralel juga merupakan faktor yang memperkuat unsur Irreducible Element dalam novel ini.
Kata kunci: realisme magis, irreducible element, novel Bumi
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Prytoliuk, Svitlana. "CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE NOTION “MAGICAL REALISM” IN GERMAN LITERATURE." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-252-259.
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The article is devoted to the study of magical realism in German literary criticism, the origins of the term and its conceptual principles are considered. The author of the article relies on the research of German scientists, in particular M. Scheffel, D. Kirchner, H. Roland, T.W. Leine, M. Niehaus, J. Schuster and notes the differences and contradictions in the interpretation of the term, the vagueness of the concept and its heterogeneity. It is emphasized that the period of formation of the magic-realistic method of writing in Germany in the historical perspective generally covers the period from 1920 to 1960 and includes the beginning of the era of National Socialism and the Second World War. In German literature, the term was not immediately established, its assertion and dissemination were hampered by several factors: first, its contradiction, because it combines semantically opposite concepts – “realism”, which directly correlates with reality, the true image of reality, and “magical”, based on the supernatural, fantastic, reaching beyond reality; second, the moment of its origin falls on a rather complex and contradictory period of German history, which is reluctantly mentioned or silenced; third, magical realism has sometimes been mistakenly identified with the notion of “Neue Sachlichkeit”. Analysis of all factors shows that the origin and formation of the magic-realistic method in German literature has its own characteristics and uniqueness and differs from the world-famous examples of Latin American or English literature. As a result, the author notes that German magical realism is historically determined and in many of its examples reflects the traumatic postwar experience with a pronounced inrospectivity and humanistic orientation. As an aesthetic concept, magical realism expands the boundaries of realism: by depicting the objective world in its real dimensions, it focuses its gaze on the unreality hidden behind real objects.
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Linhares, Bruno J. "Theopoetic and Pastoral Counseling. Using Magic Realism and Reframing: A Latin American Perspective." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 7, no. 9 (March 3, 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v7i9.132.
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Baseado em um artigo de Rubem Alves, escrito em 1977, sobre os Cuidados Pastorais sob a perspectiva da Teologia da Libertação, e no uso do Realismo Mágico na literatura e religião, sugiro ser o Reenquadramento uma proposta genuinamente latino-americana para a poimênica, sobretudo o aconselhamento, seguindo uma prática já feita por Rubem Alves. Palavras-Chave: Rubem Alves, Teologia da Libertação, Realismo Mágico, literatura latino-americana, poimênica. Based on a 1977 article written by RubemAlves about Pastoral Care under the perspective of theology of liberation and on the use of Magic Realism in literature and religion, I suggest being reframing a truly Latin American proposal for Pastoral Care, particularly Pastoral Counseling, a practice already done by RubemAlves. Keywords: RubemAlves, Theology of Liberation, Magic Realism, Latin American Literature, Pastoral Care.
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Botes, N., and N. Cochrane. "’n Ondersoek na die kunstenaarskap in Die swye van Mario Salviati binne die konteks van die magiese realisme." Literator 27, no. 3 (July 30, 2006): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v27i3.200.
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An investigation into the nature of the artist in The long silence of Mario Salviati within the context of magic realism This article investigates the nature of the artist in “The long silence of Mario Salviati” (2000) within the context of magic realism. This novel by Etienne van Heerden is particularly interesting as the theme of art is directly intertwined with magic realism. The specific relationship between artistry and magic realism in “The long silence of Mario Salviati” has not been the focus of any particular study yet. Several artists in the novel will be analysed within the context of magic realism and according to magic realist characteristics to give an integrated perspective on style and theme. This investigation largely conjoins with the viewpoints of Faris (1995), although perspectives from other theorists are also taken as a point of departure. Some important characteristics of magic realist texts which are discussed within the context of artistry in “The long silence of Mario Salviati” are inter alia the co-existence of two worlds, doubts from the reader concerning the interpretation of events as realist or magical, the questioning of conventional ideas about time, space and identity, the anti-bureaucratic viewpoint and the focus on collective rather than individual memory.
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Neupane, Nabaraj. "Demystifying the Magic in Diamond Shumsher’s Seto Bagh: History Reconsidered." SCHOLARS: Journal of Arts & Humanities 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sjah.v3i2.39430.
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Diamond Shumsher’s masterpiece, Seto Bagh, is a significant historical novel in Nepali literature. The novel made a vibrant debut in depicting historicity in fictional prose in the Nepali context. In particular, the reconsideration of the portrayal of history from a new perspective is relevant. Traditionally, this is considered a historical realist novel. Nevertheless, magical elements are profusely used in the novel. In this study, this niche opens up avenues to re-evaluate the historicity vis-à-vis magical elements. I have adopted Maggie Ann Bowers’ and Wendy B. Faris’s notions and perspectives on the theoretical lens of magical realism to demystify the magic and history in the text. Further, I have adapted the content analysis method to analyze the textual evidences from the selected novel. The main finding exhibits that the novelist has amalgamated historical facts with magical elements like supernatural beings and happenings. Thus, the novel is an example of historical magical realism. This implies that only established beliefs and theories are not sufficient to judge the literary works rightly. Therefore, new lenses should be explored to enter into the world of fictional prose works as such.
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Łobodziec, Agnieszka. "Toni Morrison’s Discredited Magic – Magical Realism in Beloved Revisited." Brno Studies in English 38, no. 1 (2012): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bse2012-1-7.
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Arkhagha, Leen, and Yousef Awad. "Faith, Identity and Magical Realism in Leila Aboulela’s Bird Summons." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 12, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.12n.4.p.115.
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This article adopts a literary analytical approach to illuminate the use of magical realism in the contemporary Anglophone Arab narrative of Leila Aboulela’s Bird Summons (2019). The study follows a methodology which combines two critical approaches to magical realism: first, a textual approach, and then a contextual one. Accordingly, the study uses key magical realist elements in Bird Summons to delineate the poetics of magical realism within the narrative, before determining the context in which magical realism functions in the narrative. Simultaneously, the study benefits from Christopher Warnes’s two strands of magical realism, ‘faith-based magical realism’ and ‘irreverent magical realism’ in providing a coherent basis for the use of magical realism in the text. This study aims at examining the significance of the magical realist narrative in articulating Arab British identity in Bird Summons. The analysis will interpret the role of magical realism in conveying and undermining the dominant ethnic and racial discourses which shape Arab British identities in Britain. The study’s findings demonstrate how the use of magical realism in the examined Anglophone Arab novel reinforces the fictional purposes of Aboulela as a hyphenated Arab, as it allows her to undermine dominant discourses on hyphenated Arab identities. At the same time, the use of magical realism allows Aboulela to (re)construct Arab British identities within her novel, apart from essentialist views of identity.
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P., Muthunagai, and Marie Josephine Aruna. "Demystifying Magical Realism: A Close Reading of Quichotte." ENSEMBLE 2, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2020-0202-a017.
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Magical Realism is a genre that brings in together two completely different dimensions of study, namely realism and fantastic imagination (magic). There is always an air of eerie complexity around the genre due to the confluence of such contradictions. Salman Rushdie is one of the most important Indian Diaspora writers prominently known for the triumphant utilization of this genre through innovative techniques in his work. Some of his most famous literary productions of this genre are The Midnight’s children, Shame, etc., This present paper takes Rushdie’s (2019) recent blockbuster publication Quichotte under study, and scrutinizes it from a hermeneutical point of view. It uses the principles theorized by W. B. Frais (2004) in her book Ordinary Enchantments and attempts to analyse the book under the derived perspective. This brief analysis underscores the hidden elements that are unanimously typical of all Magical Realist texts with reference to Quichottein and endeavours to demystify it.
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Watzlawik, Meike. "Do you believe in magic? Symbol realism and magical practices." Culture & Psychology 19, no. 4 (December 2013): 506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x13500326.
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Mulia, Sandra Whilla. "REALISME MAGIS DALAM NOVEL SIMPLE MIRACLE DOA DAN ARWAH KARYA AYU UTAMI." Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya 5, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/lakon.v5i1.2780.
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This study are intend to reach some goals. First, this aimed to uncover the magic realism which is narrated in Ayu Utami’s novel, entitled Simple Miracle DoaDan Arwah. Second, this study aimed to discover socio cultural context which form the background of the emerging of magic realism of narrative in Ayu Utami’s novel entitled Simple Miracle Doa dan Arwah. This research utilizes magic realism narrative theory on the book Ordinary Enchantments Magical Realism andRemystifiction of Narratives written by Wendy B. Faris (2004). This is a qualitative study which employed textual analysis to analyze the obtained data. The results of 2 this study were magic realism which was narrated in the novel were not only loaded by the characteristics of Faris’ magic realism by showing the exquisite existence of myth in this modern era, but also written to be in charge of bracing and reorganizing people’s believe in Javanese myth. Socio cultural context which form the background of the emerging of this novel was Javanese culture that still exist in this modern era. This was also added by the comeback of traditional ambience which made its existence popular nowadays. From the analysis this had emerged two issues, social issues and signification issues. The emerging social issues are the Javanese culture in which the people tend to fancy mystics. These mystics are related to ghosts. In addition, the other issue is about acculturation of religions in Java Island. Besides the issues, the signification obtained were: (1) Javanese will always hold their believe in ghost; (2) in Java, shaman and spirits or ghost are correlated to the second alternative to realize dreams; (3) shaman identity is identical with someone who has an ability to see and communicate with spirits or ghosts; (4) there is a believe that spirits and ghosts are everywhere; (5) Javanese believe that every dead person will soon become spirits and ghosts and they will eternally live around them; (6) atheist will rarely be seen in Java; (7) religions in Java Island will always blend themselves with the culture.
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Asmida, Emi. "Magical Realism in Audrey Niffenegger’s The Time Traveler’s Wife." Eralingua: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing dan Sastra 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v4i1.11891.
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This study aims to explore the five elements of magical realism which are portrayed in the novel The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger in order to find out whether the novel can be categorized as magical realism or not. The writer chooses this novel to be analyzed because the novel won the Exclusive Books Boeke Prize and a British Book Award and it has been adapted into a film. The data of this study are characters’ utterances and author narration which contain five elements of magical realism. The data is collected by applying the intensive reading and highlighting the data. This study uses magical realism theory, especially five elements of magical realism proposed by Wendy B. Faris. The results of the study show that The Time Traveler’s Wife contains five elements of Magical Realism. Those are Irreducible Element, Phenomenal World, Unsettling Doubt, Merging Realms, and Disruption of Time. However, the five elements described as the representation of the postcolonial context since magical realism also can be categorized as a way to reveal the authoritative colonialist attitude. Thus, this study found the cultural history of Chicago where the time traveler’s lives as the result of postcolonial side of magical realism.
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Laws, Jennifer. "Magic at the margins: towards a magical realist human geography." cultural geographies 24, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474016647367.
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The purpose of this article is to put forward the case for a magically realist human geography, drawing on geographical research into the lives and lifeworlds of people with long-term and disabling mental health difficulties. In the article, I move between extracts from my own ethnographic research with mental health service users and survivors and the equally unusual stories of the literary genre, magical realism, in which I find a framework for addressing what I understand as a narrative paucity in much of mainstream research writing about mental distress. The article reflects upon the strange and sometimes magical qualities of illness and recovery in the context of individuals living with severe and enduring mental health problems and how traditional constructions of ‘evidence’ variously exclude or overlook such experiences. The contributions of the article are both to explore how ‘magic’ might encapsulate certain aspects of living with mental distress and – developing ongoing discussions in the sub-discipline around geographies of enchantment, magic and spirituality – to consider how a magical realist framework for geographical research might do justice to the rich, marvellous and irreducible experiences of everyday life, which are often excluded from conventional evidence bases.
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Diler, Elif, and Derya Emir. "Politics and History in Ben Okri’s the Famished Road." European Journal of Language and Literature 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v6i1.p90-95.
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In the post-World War II period, magical realism, as a distinctive mode of fiction, has offered cultural hybridity, transformation and intermingling, and has thus been a significant means of communication for the postcolonial world. It has enabled postcolonial authors to get the chance of observing the world from a different perspective and seeing the truth with a ‘third eye’. The Nigerian-British author Ben Okri’s The Famished Road, which was awarded the Booker Prize in 1991, is one of the postcolonial magical realist novels aiming at viewing the world with a third eye. In The Famished Road, Okri attempts to investigate sociopolitical and historical realities, to understand and solve the paradoxes and secrets of history in the language of magic and dreams. In the novel he connects politics directly with the concept of history; his conception of ‘inviolate’ African consciousness becomes the base for his representation of history. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the ways in which Okri encodes African consciousness versus Western epistemology and reevaluates history. The study tries to analyze how Okri redreams postcolonial potentials for his hometown, Nigeria, by extension for the whole African continent, through magical realism functioning as a third eye in The Famished Road.
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Nurrahman, Sadam, and Mohamad Ikhwan Rosyidi. "Magical Realism as Historical Discourse Reflected on Eka Kurniawan's 'Beauty is A Wound'." Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v9i1.37820.
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This study aims to uncover magical realism as historical discourse portrayed in the novel Beauty is A Wound by Eka Kurniawan. Descriptive qualitative method used in this study. The data were collected by reading, classifying and interpreting. The result is the novel Beauty is A Wound has five elements of magical realism as Faris stated, they are; irreducible elements, phenomenal world, the unsettling doubt, merging realms and disruptions of time, space and identity. In relation with magical realism, New Historicism also applied to unearth Indonesia historical discourse since the time of late Dutch colonization, the invasion of Japan, the Independence Era and the New Order Era. Then, the massacre of everyone who were labeled as communist. And the genocide of all the thugs or preman in order to make safer and better society. In this novel, the history of Indonesia was camouflaged and mixed with magical realism because every event that categorized as magical realism led to the past events which related to the history of Indonesia.
Keywords: historical discourse, magical realism, new historicism
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Ganzin, Maxim. "Organizational Magical Realism." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 18199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.18199abstract.
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Huilgol, NagrajG. "India-magical realism." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 8, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.95165.
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Osipova, Ol'ga Ivanovna. "The peculiarities of “magic realism” in E. Nekrasova’s novel “Kalechina-Malechina”." Филология: научные исследования, no. 12 (December 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.12.33372.
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The subject of this research is the novel by the contemporary author Evgenia Nekrasova “Kalechina-Malechina”. The novel contains the elements of fantasy and mysticism, which can either have purely rational, materialistic explanation or irrational – surrealistic. Therefore, the composition is viewed through the prism of synthesis of the elements of magical, irrational and familiar everyday reality. Such approach allows attributing the novel to “magic realism”, which is interpreted not as a school or direction, but a literary method used by multiple authors of various national literatures. The key characteristics of the methods as follows: system of the two worlds, binary chronotope, duplicity, and mythological implication. The complex methodological approach includes intertextual analysis and mythopoetic commentary. The conducted analysis allowed determining the peculiarities of structuring artistic world in the novel; principles of creating chronotope and conflicts between individual and the society; principles of narrative structure; and motifs. The novel by E. Nekrasova “Kalechina-Malechina” represents an example of the literary method of magic realism, which manifests on the level of system of the two worlds and development of the chronotope. Narrative structure is built on the synthesis of child’s worldview of the heroine and the author’s vision, which leads to an ambivalent perception of the world. The article provides a detailed overview of the storyline, which main theme is the initiation of the main heroine into the adult life assisted by a magical helper – Kikimora.
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Cabañas, Miguel Angel. "Lost in Translation? La adaptación al cine de El amor en los tiempos del cólera de Gabriel García Márquez." Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, no. 29 (December 1, 2017): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_tropelias/tropelias.2018292047.
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La película de Mike Newell, Love in the Time of Cholera (2007), con un alto presupuesto termina en desastre recaudatorio y crítico global, argüimos, puesto que la adaptación reduce la novela de Gabriel García Márquez a una fórmula (el romance histórico) y representa su contenido de forma realista, domesticando los aspectos controversiales del texto. Paradójicamente, la película intenta ser fidedigna al texto original, copiando minuciosamente las escenas importantes, la ambientación y las líneas memorables, pero olvidando la parodia novelística al realismo. Al desvirtuar el mensaje subversivo e híbrido del realismo mágico postcolonial, la película no consigue reafirmar la anhelada “autenticidad del texto” para el público. Mike Newell's film, Love in the Time of Cholera (2007), with a high budget ends in a global critical and collecting disaster, we argue, since the adaptation reduces Gabriel García Márquez's novel to a formula (historical romance) and represents its content realistically, domesticating the controversial aspects of the text. Paradoxically, the film tries to be faithful to the original text, painstakingly copying the important scenes, setting and memorable lines, but forgetting the novelistic parody of realism. By distorting the subversive and hybrid message of postcolonial magical realism, the film fails to reaffirm the longed for "authenticity of the text" for the public.
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Ishlahiyah, Hadiyatul, and Sufi Ikrima Sa'adah. "Magical Realism in Leslye Walton’s The Strange and Beautiful Sorrows of Ava Lavender." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2018.9.2.73-87.
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This article focuses on the description of magical realism in Leslye Walton’s debut novel The Strange and Beautiful Sorrows of Ava Lavender. This study applies Wendy B. Faris’ characteristic of magical realism in order to uncover the magical realism within the novel. The result of this study confirms that this novel portrays all of Faris’ characteristics of magical realism. They are: the irreducible elements represented by Ava’s wings, the phenomenal world seen through Ava’s normal life, the unsettling doubt coming from the doubts on Ava’s wings, the merging realms portrayed by the transformation and apparition, the disruptions of time and space through the existence of odd plant and seasons.
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Shahab, Ali, Faruk Faruk, and Arif Rokhman. "French Literature: From Realism to Magical Realism." Jurnal Poetika 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v8i2.58651.
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The purpose of the article is to explore the evolution of French literature between the late 19th century and early 21st century. Although French literature has long been dominated by rationalistic ways of thinking, based on the thoughts of René Descartes and John Locke, authors have used different means to express their perceptions of society. The novel Madame Bovary (1856), including its depiction of conjugal relationships, can be considered to have pioneered realism in French literature. During the Second World War, existentialism and absurdism appeared as new ways of examining not only the relationship among humans, but also between humans and God. In the late 20th century, magical realism emerged as a new literary stream that explicitly recognized the irrationality of human thinking. This article finds that the rationality of realism was necessary for magical realism to be accepted; in this rationality, although works of magical realism were irrational, they had to be recognized as fine examples of French literature that embodied such revolutionary ideas as liberté (liberty), égalité (equality), and fraternité (fraternity). To study this phenomenon, we examine the history of french literature by applying archeological method in order to understand the world views of the authors and how they change over time.
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Arumugam, Kanmani CS, and Dr Marie Josephine Aruna. "Motherhood and Mother Nature: A Study of Myth and Magic through Amitav Ghosh’s and Wayétu Moore’s Selected Works." ENSEMBLE 2, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2020-0202-a008.
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Contemporary thoughts in the fields of literature and science lead to an interdisciplinary effort to bring along the issues common to both disciplines involved. The post-colonial and post-modern era of literature see literature and society along and literary exponents stamp their responsibilities to take up the serious societal crises and bring the awareness arousing a socio-consciousness in the reading public. This paper tight spots magical realism as one of the experiential tools employed by authors, Amitav Gosh, an Indian writer and winner of the 54th Jnanpith award and Wayétu Moore, a Liberian-American author and entrepreneur, to discuss the contemporary issues such as immigration, climate change, enslavement, etc through the employment of myth and magic. Environmental Humanities is best explained with the advocacy of magic realism. Of all the important supernatural elements, (which is the formula of magic realism) presented in both of the selected novels, Gun Island (2019) and She Would Be King (2018), this paper in detail, deals with only two components that are common in both the texts. They are i) the omnipotent natural force, wind and ii) the most powerful and dangerous species, snake. Both of these components are presented as commanding aid of the two literary texts to progress towards the solution to the catastrophic environmental complications. Both novels employ characters bitten by poisonous snakes, attaining extraordinary powers and also one can witness the power of wind, as omniscient, omnipresent and omnipotent natural force. This paper is comparison of collective unconsciousness of two authors and their artful works irrespective of their genders, age and geography.
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Thu-Hương, Nguyễn-Võõ. "History Interrupted: Life after Material Death in South Vietnamese and Diasporic Works of Fiction." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 3, no. 1 (2008): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2008.3.1.1.
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The article uses Derrida's spectrality to look at magical realism in South Vietnamese and diasporic literature in Vietnamese. Diasporic literature has been said to be either a simple extension of literature from the Republic of Vietnam or a drastic break, with its prevalent use of magic. The article argues instead that the very disruption of the history of the South is the creative force behind both. It is the death of the South foretold that animated Republican writing. And it is the death of the South that forces the symbolization of history in the new global economic context of diasporic fiction.
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Mojsieva-Guševa, Jasmina. "NEW OBJECTIFICATION OF REALITY: THE BACKGROUND OF KUNDERA’S UNBEARABLE LIGHTNESS OF BEING." PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 18, no. 1 (2020): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2020-18-1-199-214.
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This text sheds light on the meaning of the popular phrases "unbearable lightness of being" and "feeling of austerity" in Milan Kundera's novel "The Book of Laughter and Oblivion" and Philip Kaufman's film "Unbearable Lightness of Being", which is based on Kundera's novel of the same name. This explanation is rooted in his subversive magically realistic poetics, which are related to his emigrant life path and the inability to directly write about the burning topics of freedom, terror, morality, human relations, promiscuity, love.Special emphasis is put on the poetics of magical realism, which is explained as the way in which Kundera expresses his artistic ideas. Specifically, many magically realistic elements are present in the above-mentioned works, such as: verbal magic; magical atmosphere; merging the real and the magical; displacement of time, space, identity. The representation of all these magically realistic elements is interpreted as a shield that covers a new objectification of the reality of East and West and of the postmodern world in general, which is characterized, as Kundera sarcastically states, by the phrase "unbearable lightness of being".
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Allgood, Krista L., and Isabel Allende. "Eroticism and Magical Realism." English Journal 84, no. 4 (April 1995): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/819777.
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Cooke, Miriam. "Magical Realism in Libya." Journal of Arabic Literature 41, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006410x486701.
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Gaylard, Gerald. "Meditations on magical realism." Current Writing 11, no. 2 (January 1999): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1013929x.1999.9678065.
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Zorpette, Glenn. "Keya Banerjee Magical Realism." IEEE Spectrum 46, no. 2 (February 2009): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2009.4772179.
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Coulter, Cathy. "A Diffractive Story." Qualitative Inquiry 26, no. 10 (November 9, 2020): 1213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800420939207.
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Magical realism is a literary genre that offers possibilities as a posthumanist narrative research project. Magical realism employs literary tools such as a nonlinear aspect of time, a subjective sense of causality, and a conflation of the magical and the ordinary. Such tools offer possibilities in narrative research to create ontological sense-events that exist within assemblages that entangle the reader, the narrator, the place, the writer, and the participants temporally, spatially, and sensually within a flattened event. This article explores the possibilities of magical realism, offering a fleeting assemblage and a subsequent diffractive analysis. It employs a magical realist narrative construction based on a collaborative partnership between an Alaska Native village and a public university in which language revitalization efforts are sought through various school-based projects, including a teacher-training program, creation of subsistence-based native language curriculum, and other projects.
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Kamerer, Tamara. "Fantastic Realities: Magical Realism in Contemporary Okinawan Fiction." Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2014-0002.
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Abstract This paper examines magical realism in Okinawa bungaku (Okinawan literature) with a special focus on the literary works of Medoruma Shun. The central research questions are what kind of Okinawan realities these magical-realistic texts point towards and which real problems thus become obvious. Against the theoretical background regarding the discussions on magical realism in literary science, qualitative analyses of the two short stories ‘Akai yashi no ha’ (1992) and ‘Umukaji tō chiritei’ (1999) are conducted. The findings of these analyses show that the narrative mode of magical realism is used to point towards post-colonial power relations and to express a political critique of contemporary relationships with mainland Japan and the United States from an Okinawan point of view.
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Hart, Stephen M. "Cultural Hybridity, Magical Realism, and the Language of Magic in Paulo Coelho'sThe Alchemist." Romance Quarterly 51, no. 4 (October 2004): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rqtr.51.4.304-312.
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Golding, David. "Rocko’s Magic Capitalism: Commodity Fetishism in the Magical Realism of Rocko’s Modern Life." Animation 14, no. 1 (March 2019): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746847719831365.
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This article presents a textual analysis of the Nickelodeon animated series Rocko’s Modern Life. Drawing from the theories of Guy Debord and Imamura Taihei, the series is posited as a revelatory lens into the spiritual crisis of late capitalism. The author then argues that the series employs magical realism to depict an animist capitalism in which the fetishization of commodities literally brings them to life. The show’s characters experience the alienation of labour as the draining of their spirit, haunting their workplaces as dead labour reanimated through the necromancy of commodity fetishism. As consumers, the characters attempt to recapture the enervated agency of their alienated selves by populating their lives with commodities. Ultimately, they are unable to find meaningful agency and spiritual fulfilment amidst the distributed agency of animated commodities. Despite its often problematic engagement with both indigeneity and animism, this close analysis of Rocko’s Modern Life supports Imamura’s theory that Western animation appropriates elements of indigenous animism to bring dead labour back to life in the form of fetishized commodities. It also suggests further research into the interconnection and contestation between capitalist animism and indigenous animism within animation.
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Sjåstad, Øystein. "Jan Valentin Sæthers magiske realisme." Kunst og Kultur 103, no. 01 (March 18, 2020): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-3029-2020-01-01.
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ПУЧКОВА, АННА ВИКТОРОВНА. "МАГИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАЛИЗМ В СБОРНИКЕ ЕВГЕНИИ НЕКРАСОВОЙ «СЕСТРОМАМ» КАК СПОСОБ ОСМЫСЛЕНИЯ БЫТОВОЙ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ." Archivarius 7, no. 6(60) (July 20, 2021): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2524-0935-60-6-7.
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The article examines the texts of the collection of Evgenia Nekrasova “Sestromam. About those who will toil", the stories of "Pavlov", "Sestromam", "Lakshmi", "Drying" are analyzed from the point of view of magical realism, a possible interpretation is offered based on this genre specificity, the role of magical realism for creating symbolic imagery of characters' characters is revealed.
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Golan, Romy. "Is Fascist realism a magic realism?" Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 73-74 (March 1, 2020): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/710830.
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Pritchard, William H. "Realism without Magic." Hudson Review 42, no. 3 (1989): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3850828.
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Gavrikov, Vitaliy Alexandrovich. "“Miraculous realism” in Zaitsev’s, Shmelev’s, Bunin’s prose (in context of magical realism, fantastic realism, mystical realism, spiritual realism, etc.)." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-1-35-42.
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There are many terms that denote the invasion of the inexplicable into a realistic narrative, such as: magical realism, fantastic realism, mystical realism, spiritual realism, transcendental realism, metaphysical realism, Christian realism, etc. The author suggests the term “miraculous realism” to describe the realistic works in which there are miraculous (means associated with the category of something unbelievable) event inserts are present. Such miracles lead to obvious violations of the laws of nature and do not fit into the “scientific picture of the world”. “Miraculous realism” in Bunin’s prose, in Zaitsev’s and Shmelev’s autobiographical works, considered in comparison to Chekhov’s materialistic method.
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Nah, So-Mi. "The Fantastic Realism (Magic Realism) representation on film Visualization research: The boundaries of Fantasy and reproducibility of Images." Journal of Digital Convergence 14, no. 12 (December 28, 2016): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2016.14.12.495.
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Hosseinpour, Saeede, and Nahid Shahbazi Department of English Language and. "Magical Realism in Neil Gaiman’s Coraline." Prague Journal of English Studies 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjes-2016-0005.
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Abstract Magical realism, as a narrative mode or genre in adults’ literature, has been in vogue since its revivifying with the publication of Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). However, the depiction of the genre in children’s and juvenile literature is a new trend; the presence of its elements have been traced and proved feasibly applicable in the interpretation of recent children’s fiction such as David Almond’s Skelling (1998). In this regard, the main concern of the present article is to sift the characteristic features of magical realism within Neil Gaiman’s Coraline (2002) through the application of Wendy B. Faris’s theoretical framework of the genre therewith Tzvetan Todorov’s definition of the fantastic in order to introduce the novel as an exemplar of magical realism in the domain of children’s literature.
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Inclendon, John, Lois Parkinson Zamora, and Wendy B. Faris. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." Hispania 79, no. 1 (March 1996): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/345606.
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Perez, Genaro J., Lois Parkinson Zamora, and Wendy B. Faris. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." South Central Review 14, no. 2 (1997): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3189962.
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Swales, Martin, Lois Parkinson Zamora, and Wendy B. Faris. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." Modern Language Review 93, no. 1 (January 1998): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733637.
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