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Academic literature on the topic 'Magmatic Volatiles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Magmatic Volatiles"

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De Vivo, B., A. Lima, and J. D. Webster. "Volatiles in Magmatic-Volcanic Systems." Elements 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.1.1.19.

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Degruyter, Wim, Andrea Parmigiani, Christian Huber, and Olivier Bachmann. "How do volatiles escape their shallow magmatic hearth?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2139 (January 7, 2019): 20180017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0017.

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Only a small fraction (approx. 1–20%) of magmas generated in the mantle erupt at the surface. While volcanic eruptions are typically considered as the main exhaust pipes for volatile elements to escape into the atmosphere, the contribution of magma reservoirs crystallizing in the crust is likely to dominate the volatile transfer from depth to the surface. Here, we use multiscale physical modelling to identify and quantify the main mechanisms of gas escape from crystallizing magma bodies. We show that most of the outgassing occurs at intermediate to high crystal fraction, when the system has reached a mature mush state. It is particularly true for shallow volatile-rich systems that tend to exsolve volatiles through second boiling, leading to efficient construction of gas channels as soon as the crystallinity reaches approximately 40–50 vol.%. We, therefore, argue that estimates of volatile budgets based on volcanic activity may be misleading because they tend to significantly underestimate the magmatic volatile flux and can provide biased volatile compositions. Recognition of the compositional signature and volumetric dominance of intrusive outgassing is, therefore, necessary to build robust models of volatile recycling between the mantle and the surface. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Magma reservoir architecture and dynamics’.

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Day, James M. D., Frédéric Moynier, and Charles K. Shearer. "Late-stage magmatic outgassing from a volatile-depleted Moon." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 36 (August 21, 2017): 9547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708236114.

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The abundance of volatile elements and compounds, such as zinc, potassium, chlorine, and water, provide key evidence for how Earth and the Moon formed and evolved. Currently, evidence exists for a Moon depleted in volatile elements, as well as reservoirs within the Moon with volatile abundances like Earth’s depleted upper mantle. Volatile depletion is consistent with catastrophic formation, such as a giant impact, whereas a Moon with Earth-like volatile abundances suggests preservation of these volatiles, or addition through late accretion. We show, using the “Rusty Rock” impact melt breccia, 66095, that volatile enrichment on the lunar surface occurred through vapor condensation. Isotopically light Zn (δ66Zn = −13.7‰), heavy Cl (δ37Cl = +15‰), and high U/Pb supports the origin of condensates from a volatile-poor internal source formed during thermomagmatic evolution of the Moon, with long-term depletion in incompatible Cl and Pb, and lesser depletion of more-compatible Zn. Leaching experiments on mare basalt 14053 demonstrate that isotopically light Zn condensates also occur on some mare basalts after their crystallization, confirming a volatile-depleted lunar interior source with homogeneous δ66Zn ≈ +1.4‰. Our results show that much of the lunar interior must be significantly depleted in volatile elements and compounds and that volatile-rich rocks on the lunar surface formed through vapor condensation. Volatiles detected by remote sensing on the surface of the Moon likely have a partially condensate origin from its interior.

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Persikov, Edward S., Vilen A. Zharikov, and Pavel G. Bukhtiyarov. "The effect of volatiles on the properties of magmatic melts." European Journal of Mineralogy 2, no. 5 (October 4, 1990): 621–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2/5/0621.

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Kusakabe, Minoru, and Hiroshi Shinohara. "Matsuo Memorial Issue: Magmatic Volatiles and Volcanic Discharges Preface." GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 27, no. 4-5 (1993): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.27.181.

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Zolotov, Mikhail Yu. "On the chemistry of mantle and magmatic volatiles on Mercury." Icarus 212, no. 1 (March 2011): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.12.014.

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Zhao, Rongsheng, Xuanlong Shan, Jian Yi, Ye Liang, Chunlong Li, and Cuiying Qiu. "Understanding fluid behavior through ion and isotope data from the Yitong Basin, Northeast China." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 3 (March 2018): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0154.

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To evaluate ion origins and fluid behavior, the chemical properties of thermal water sampled from the Eocene reservoir in the Yitong Basin (YB), Northeast China, were investigated. The thermal water samples are classified as Na–HCO3-type water and were fully equilibrated, except for Sijixiangkang (SJXK) and Yitong (YT). The cations originate mainly from water–rock interactions (e.g., albitization and weathering of plagioclase), while the anions originate from magmatic volatiles and leaching of limestone and granite, which were heated by hot magmatic volatiles and exhibited an evaporation-like pattern in the Gibbs diagrams. The existence of magmatic volatiles was verified by the high ion ratio, the minor-element origins, δ13C values of HCO3, and δ34S values of SO4, which flowed upward along lithospheric faults, with higher fluxes in the northeast than in the southwest (the δ13C value of the Chaluhe depression (CD) is 0.93‰ lower than that of the Moliqing depression (MD, 1.63‰)). Furthermore, according to the Br/Cl and HCO3−/Cl ratios and the δ13C values, we speculate that a deep Permian limestone reservoir exists below the granitic unit. Based on the ion origins and fluid potentials, we conclude that the CD and MD are open systems rather than closed systems. The recharged water migrates from the margin to the center in the plane, and in the vertical direction, it migrates from the Yongji (E2y) and Sheling (E2sh) strata to the overlying strata and underlying Shuangyang (E2s) strata along faults. By summarizing all of the available data, we proposed a conceptual model of fluid migration.

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Barnes, Jessica J., Mahesh Anand, and Ian A. Franchi. "Investigating the History of Magmatic Volatiles in the Moon Using NanoSIMS." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, S3 (July 2016): 1804–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616009867.

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Schiavi, F., N. Bolfan-Casanova, R. Buso, M. Laumonier, D. Laporte, K. Medjoubi, S. Venugopal, A. Gómez-Ulla, N. Cluzel, and M. Hardiagon. "Quantifying magmatic volatiles by Raman microtomography of glass inclusion-hosted bubbles." Geochemical Perspectives Letters 16 (December 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.2038.

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Mikhailova, Julia A., Yakov A. Pakhomovsky, Olga F. Goychuk, Andrey O. Kalashnikov, Ayya V. Bazai, and Victor N. Yakovenchuk. "Pre-Pegmatite Stage in Peralkaline Magmatic Process: Insights from Poikilitic Syenites from the Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia." Minerals 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11090974.

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The Lovozero peralkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) is widely known for its unique mineral diversity, and most of the rare metal minerals are found in pegmatites, which are spatially associated with poikilitic rocks (approximately 5% of the massif volume). In order to determine the reasons for this relationship, we have investigated petrography and the chemical composition of poikilitic rocks as well as the chemical composition of the rock-forming and accessory minerals in these rocks. The differentiation of magmatic melt during the formation of the rocks of the Lovozero massif followed the path: lujavrite → foyaite → urtite (magmatic stage) → pegmatite (hydrothermal stage). Yet, for peralkaline systems, the transition between magmatic melt and hydrothermal solution is gradual. In the case of the initially high content of volatiles in the melt, the differentiation path was probably as follows: lujavrite → foyaite (magmatic stage) → urtitization of foyaite → pegmatite (hydrothermal stage). Poikilitic rocks were formed at the stage of urtitization, and we called them pre-pegmatites. Indeed, the poikilitic rocks have a metasomatic texture and, in terms of chemical composition, correspond to magmatic urtite. The reason for the abundance of rare metal minerals in pegmatites associated with poikilitic rocks is that almost only one nepheline is deposited during urtitization, whereas during the magmatic crystallization of urtite, rare elements form accessory minerals in the rock and are less concentrated in the residual solution.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Magmatic Volatiles"

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Blower, Jonathan David. "Degassing processes in volcanic eruptions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/30b2bc8c-2956-4a7a-a801-cdbef473ee1a.

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Berg, Sylvia. "Disintegration and Devolatilisation of Sandstone Xenolith in Magmatic Conduits: an Experimental Approach." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Berggrundsgeologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160266.

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Xenoliths preserve evidence of magma-crust interactions in magmatic reservoirs and conduits. They reveal processes of partial melting of country rock, and disintegration into magma. Widespread evidence for frothy xenoliths in volcanic deposits exists, and these evidently indicate processes of gas liberation, bubble nucleation and bubble growth. This report focuses on textural analysis of frothy sandstone xenoliths from Krakatau in Indonesia, Cerro Negro in Nicaragua, Cerro Quemado in El Salvador and from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, and involves attempts to experimentally reproduce xenolith textures. To achieve this, magmatic conditions acting upon country rock in volcanoes are simulated by subjecting sandstones to elevated temperature and pressure in closed system-autoclaves. Subsequent decompression imitates magma ascent following xenolith entrainment, and is largely responsible for the formation of frothy xenolith textures. The experiments show a range of successive features, such as partial melting, gas-pressure build up, bubble nucleation, growth and development of bubble networks. The experiments closely reproduced textures of natural xenoliths and help to assess the controlling P-T parameters that encourage efficient bubble growth. Conditions proved ideal between 850˚C and 870˚C and pressure release from 1 kbar. Such conditions limit bubble overprinting by secondary crystallization and melt infilling. Country rock lithology proved vital regarding gas pressure build-up and resulting bubble nucleation during decompression. In particular, increased water content and relict crystals in the melt produced appear to ease and promote gas liberation by enabling early and effective bubble nucleation. Moreover, experiments confirm a decisive role for bubble coalescence. These results attest to the great potential of country rock to develop interconnected bubble networks upon magma contact, exsolving large amounts of crustal volatiles into the magma. Volatile input involves a change in magma viscosity and thus an accompanied change in disruptive behaviour, and may hence be responsible for increased potential to cause explosive volcanic eruptions. Moreover, H2O and CO2 vapour are severe greenhouse gases, which seems to be added to the atmosphere from crustal rocks via recycling by volcanic activity, and may have yet underappreciated effects on Earth’s climate.

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Bégué, Florence. "Magmatic volatiles: A melt inclusion study of Taupo Volcanic Zone rhyolites,New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9319.

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The central segment of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is one of the world’s most productive areas of silicic volcanism and geothermal activity. Rhyolites largely predominate the eruptive output in the central TVZ, with only minor basalts, andesites and dacites. The rhyolites show diversity in composition, and form a compositional continuum between two end-member types (R1 and R2), as suggested in previous studies. In this thesis I present results from a quartz- (and rare plagioclase-) hosted melt inclusions study, focussing on the volatile concentration (i.e. H2O, Cl, F, CO2) and their relative distribution between R1 and R2 rhyolites. The main objective is to add further constraints on the magmatic systems with regard to their contribution to the hydrothermal systems in the central TVZ. A comparative study between R1 and R2 melt inclusions show distinct volatile, fluid-mobile, and highly incompatible element compositions. Differences in the bulk volatile concentration of the parental magmas (i.e. basalts intruding the lower crust) are suggested to be at the origin of these volatile disparities. Further analysis on the volatile exsolution of R1 and R2 melts lead to the observation that the two rhyolite types exsolve a volatile phase at different stages in their magmatic history. From Cl and H2O concentrations, it is suggested that R1 magmas exsolve a vapour phase first, whereas R2 rhyolites more likely exsolve a hydrosaline fluid phase. These results have considerable implications for the magmatic contribution into the hydrothermal systems in the central TVZ, as differences in the composition of the resulting volatile phase may be expected. The hydrothermal systems in the central TVZ are subdivided into two groups based on their gas and fluid chemistry; and the current model suggests that there are two distinct contributions: a typical ‘arc’ system, with geochemical affinity with andesitic fluids, located along the eastern margin of the TVZ, and a typical ‘rift’ system, with geochemical affinity with rhyolitic/basaltic fluids, located along the central and/or western region of the TVZ. The addition of the new data on the rhyolitic melt inclusions, leads to a re-evaluation of the magmatic contribution into the hydrothermal systems, with a particular focus on B and Cl. The results indicate a more diverse variety of contributions to the meteoric water in the hydrothermal systems, and also show that the east-west distribution of ‘arc’ and ‘rift’ fluids is not a viable model for the central TVZ. This work emphasises that melt inclusion data and their volatile degassing history cannot be underestimated when characterising and quantifying the magmatic component in hydrothermal fluids. The melt inclusion data also provide further insight into the pre-eruptive magmatic plumbing systems and are particularly important from a hazard perspective. Included in the thesis is a detailed petrological analysis of rhyolite melt inclusions across the central TVZ and an interpretation that large silicic magma systems (in the TVZ) are typically comprised of multiple batches of magma emplaced at some of the shallowest depths on Earth. Tectonic activity is suggested to play an important role in triggering large caldera-forming eruptions as the evacuation of one magma batch could cause a regional-scale readjustment that is sufficient enough to trigger and allow simultaneous eruption of an adjacent melt batch.

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Salem, Lois Claire. "Magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes : insights from the crystal cargo." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277726.

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A plethora of magmatic processing occurs in magma reservoirs, where melts are stored prior to eruption. Magma reservoirs are complex, open systems, and often multiple reservoirs are partially inter-connected from source to surface, giving rise to the term 'volcanic plumbing system'. Parental melts feeding these reservoirs can have diverse and distinct geochemical and petrological characteristics, and be variably evolved or enriched. These melts can also bring with them a crystal cargo that may remain in equilibrium in the magma reservoir, but may also be modified by reaction, resorption, crystallisation and diffusion. Melts and crystals can be transported between reservoirs, from the upper mantle and through the crust, leading to melt mixing, reactions and volatile exsolution. Basaltic volcanic systems are fed by primitive melts, and due to the rapid ascent of melts and short magma storage times, these volcanoes provide the best means of unravelling the mantle and crustal contribution to geochemical heterogeneity observed in erupted samples. Despite the potential chemical complexity of a magma reservoir, evidence for magma processing and reaction can be preserved in melt inclusion suites and the compositional structure of their host crystals. Magmatic processes during storage and transport at two basaltic volcanoes are investigated using two carefully selected eruptions: the 1669 eruption at Mt. Etna, and the 2007 Father's Day eruption at Kīlauea. A suite of diverse geochemical, petrological and petrographical observations, made at a range of length-scales, are combined and interpreted in tandem with geophysical monitoring data. The conclusions of these studies shed light on the architecture of each volcano's plumbing systems and basaltic plumbing systems in general. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first study unravels the crustal and mantle processes controlling melt geochemical heterogeneity at Mt. Etna, Sicily, during the 1669 eruption, the largest eruption in historical times. The 1669 melt inclusion suite arises from the mixing of two basaltic melts with similar major element compositions but very different trace and volatile element compositions. The melt geochemistry suggests that at least one end-member melt has been heavily influenced by assimilation of carbonate in the crust. The elevation in alkalis, caused by carbonate assimilation, enhances carbon and sulfur solubility in one end member. The melt inclusion suite indicates that mixing of these melts occurred in the shallow crust shortly before eruption and this mixing may be the cause of the enhanced $CO_{2}$ fluxes prior to eruptions at Mt. Etna. The second study is split into two parts. Each uses the eruptive products of the Father's Day eruption at Kīlauea and aims to unravel the connectivity of the plumbing system between the summit and East Rift Zone, with a focus on timescales of storage and transport. The first part investigates the melt geochemistry in terms of heterogeneity and volatile composition, and the second investigates the crystal cargo in terms of features of the macro-scale crystal cargo distribution and the micro-scale geochemical zoning of individual crystals. The integration of observations and models from these two studies constrains the pressure, temperature and composition of source magma feeding the Father's Day eruption. The eruption is investigated in the context of the "magma surge'' event that preceded the intrusion, as well as within the context of the longer-term trends in Kīlauea geochemistry at the summit and East Rift Zone. Melt inclusion and matrix glass volatile systematics provide insights into the degassing path of the magma and the duration of magma transport to the surface is constrained by diffusion modelling. Estimated timescales for ascent by diffusion modelling of macrocryst major element composition, melt inclusion water content and the melt Fe$^{3+}$/Fe$_{tot}$ ratio are in agreement with timescales observed from the geophysical data of $< $8 hours from reservoir depth to eruption. Both studies emphasise how petrological observations can supplement geophysical monitoring datasets collected at the surface to aid our interpretation of volcanic behaviour and eruption forecasting.

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Atlas, Zachary D. "Volatiles in Melt Inclusions from Mexican and Nicaraguan Volcanoes: Implications for Complex Degassing Processes." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/142.

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The first section of this work examines melt inclusions in phenocrysts from Volcán Popocatépetl and Volcán de Colima within the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). These inclusions are dacitic to rhyolitic. Trends in melt inclusion major element and water concentrations form the evolved extension of other Mexican volcanics including those presumably derived directly from primitive melts. Water concentrations in Popocatépetl and Colima melt inclusions are similar (0.3 to 3.4 weight percent Hsub2O). Melt-vapor equilibration pressures calculated from dissolved Hsub2O and COsub2 (Popocatépetl) or Hsub2O (Colima) in melt inclusions correspond to depths of entrapment of 12 km or less. Water and carbon dioxide concentrations correlate negatively with SiOsub2 and potassium. Normalized olivine-augite-quartz compositions are consistent with near cotectic crystallization under vapor-saturated conditions at pressures of 1.5 kb or less. Our results show that Popocatépetl and Colima magmas have undergone vapor-saturated crystallization during ascent in conjunction with varying degrees of mixing between degassed rhyo-dacitic and less degassed, mafic melts in the upper portions of the crust. These data suggest melt evolution occurred in conduits or inter-fingered dikes rather than a large stratified magma chamber. Part II looks at the Masaya caldera in Nicaragua. This volcano has erupted frequently in recorded history, producing lava lakes and very high gas emissions. Melt inclusions from Masaya are basaltic, with low Hsub2O (below 0.5 wt. %), low S (less than 300 ppm) and high COsub2 concentrations (up to approximately 6000 ppm). Relationships between water, sulfur, Cl and F in combination with Masaya's high COsub2 and Ba/Zr and Ba/Nb ratios suggest that Masaya has undergone a multi stage degassing process involving 1) shallow degassing, 2) recycling of magma into a deeper reservoir, and 3) fluxing of previously degassed magma with a nearly pure COsub2 vapor. Trace element signatures of melt inclusions are consistent with contributions that have been variably metasomatized by fluids generated by dehydration of subducted sediments and/or altered oceanic crust.

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Walowski, Kristina. "From Cinder Cones to Subduction Zones: Volatile Recycling and Magma Formation beneath the Southern Cascade Arc." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19310.

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Volatiles (H2O, CO2, S, Cl) play a key role in magmatic processes at subduction zones. In this study, the dissolved volatile contents of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from cinder cones in the Lassen segment of the Cascade arc are used to investigate dehydration of subducted oceanic lithosphere, magma formation in the sub-arc mantle wedge, and mafic magma storage and evolution in the crust. Relatively young, hot oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath the Cascade arc. The hydrogen-isotope and trace-element compositions of melt inclusions, when integrated with thermo-petrologic modeling, demonstrate that fluids in Cascade magmas are sourced from hydrated peridotite in the deep slab interior and that the oceanic crustal part of the slab extensively dehydrates beneath the forearc. In contrast to their slab-derived H, the melt inclusions have B concentrations and isotope ratios that are similar to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), requiring little to no slab contribution of B, which is also consistent with extensive dehydration of the downgoing plate before it reaches sub-arc depths. Correlations of volatile and trace element ratios in the melt inclusions (H2O/Ce, Cl/Nb, Sr/Nd) demonstrate that geochemical variability in the magmas is the result of variable amounts of addition of a hydrous subduction component to the mantle wedge. Radiogenic isotope ratios require that the subduction component has less radiogenic Sr and Pb and more radiogenic Nd than the Lassen sub-arc mantle and is therefore likely to be a partial melt of subducted Gorda MORB. These results provide evidence that chlorite-derived fluids from the deep slab interior flux-melt the oceanic crust, producing hydrous slab melts that migrate into the overlying mantle, where they react with peridotite to induce further melting. The basaltic magmas that erupted at Cinder Cone near Mt. Lassen trapped melt inclusions during olivine crystallization at ~7-15 km depth. The melt inclusion compositions require that two different mantle-derived magmas were involved in the eruption, and temporal changes show that arrival of the two batches correlates with two explosive phases of activity. Both magmas experienced rapid crustal contamination before erupting, illustrating the complexities of cinder cone eruptions. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.

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Ruscitto, Daniel M. 1981. "Magmatic volatile contents and explosive cinder cone eruptions in the High Cascades: Recent volcanism in Central Oregon and Northern California." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11262.

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xvi, 182 p. : col. ill.
Volatile components (H 2 O, CO 2 , S, Cl) dissolved in magmas influence all aspects of volcanic activity from magma formation to eruption explosivity. Understanding the behavior of volatiles is critical for both mitigating volcanic hazards and attaining a deeper understanding of large-scale geodynamic processes. This work relates the dissolved volatile contents in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from young volcanics in the Central Oregon and Northern California Cascades to inferred magmatic processes at depth and subsequent eruptive activity at the surface. Cinder cone eruptions are the dominant form of Holocene volcanism in the Central Oregon segment of the High Cascades. Detailed field study of deposits from three cinder cones in Central Oregon reveals physical and compositional similarities to explosive historic eruptions characterized as violent strombolian. This work has important implications for future hazard assessments in the region. Based on melt inclusion data, pre-eruptive volatile contents for seven calc-alkaline cinder cones vary from 1.7-3.6 wt.% H 2 O, 1200-2100 ppm S, and 500-1200 ppm Cl. Subarc mantle temperatures inferred from H 2 O and trace elements are similar to or slightly warmer than temperatures in other arcs, consistent with a young and hot incoming plate. High-magnesium andesites (HMA) are relatively rare but potentially important in the formation of continental crust. Melt inclusions from a well-studied example of HMA from near Mt. Shasta, CA were examined because petrographic evidence for magma mixing has stimulated a recent debate over the origin of HMA magmas. High volatile contents (3.5-5.6 wt.% H 2 O, 830-2900 ppm S, 1590-2580 ppm Cl), primitive host crystals, and compositional similarities with experiments suggest that these inclusions represent mantle-derived magmas. The Cascades arc is the global end member, warm-slab subduction zone. Primitive magma compositions from the Cascades are compared to data for arcs spanning the global range in slab thermal state to examine systematic differences in slab-derived components added to the mantle wedge. H 2 O/Ce, Cl/Nb, and Ba/La ratios negatively correlate with inferred slab surface temperatures predicted by geodynamic models. Slab components become increasingly solute-rich as slab surface temperatures increase from ∼550 to 950°C at 120 km depth. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: Dr. Paul J. Wallace, Chair and Advisor; Dr. Katharine Cashman, Member; Dr. Ilya Bindeman, Member; Dr. Richard Taylor, Outside Member

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Khadhem, Laith. "Volatilernas påverkan på marina vulkanutbrott." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328231.

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The Cape Verde archipelago is located 2000 km east of the Atlantic oceanic ridge and 500 km west of the western part of Africa. The plateau of the archipelago rises on average 2 km above the seafloor, which makes it one of the highest oceanic plateaus on Earth. Cape Verde originates from hotspot formation, a geological phenomenon which takes place beyond the tectonic plate boundaries where magma rises to the surface. In this thesis, volcanic material taken from the Charles Darwin volcanic field at a depth of more than 3000 meter and made up by four basaltic rocks and one agglomerate will be investigated. The agglomerate and vesicles in the rock shows that explosive volcanism occurs in high water depths, which is generally not common. Therefore, the material will be investigated to find out how explosive volcanism can occur at high water depths. The investigation will be based on quantifying the number of vesicles to able to calculate their area and analyze the magmatic water content in clinopyroxene crystals taken from the agglomerate by FTIR spectroscopy. Water is a volatile substance in the composition of magma and has a huge effect on its behavior at eruption. The results of quantification show that the area taken by vesicles varies from 7- 54 % which shows that magmatic products with high number of vesicles are common. The FTIR analysis shows that the magmatic water content can be high enough to cause an oversaturated magma system, which creates explosive eruptions. This statement is based on only one clinopyroxene crystal that had a magmatic water content of 3,87 ± 0,77 %. Other possible reasons for explosive eruptions at high water depth are the CO2 content in the magma and the size of volcanic vent.
Kap Verde är en arkipelag, situerad cirka 2000 km öster om den mittatlantiska spridningsryggen och 500 km väster om det afrikanska fastlandet. Arkipelagens platå har en genomsnittlig höjd på 2 km, vilket gör den till en av världens högsta oceaniska platåer. Arkipelagen har uppkommit av hetfläcksbildning, ett geologiskt fenomen baserad på att magma erupteras till ytan där jordskorpan är förtunnad och inte har någon anknytning till de tektoniska plattgränserna. Det som undersöks i detta kandidatarbete är vulkaniskt material, taget från den vulkaniska undervattensön Charles Darwin vulkanfält som ligger i den västra del Kap Verdes norra ö-grupp på över 3000 meterdjup. Materialet består av ett agglomerat och fyra stenstuffer av basaltisk komposition. Agglomeratet tyder på att explosiva vulkanutbrott förekommer, vilket även bekräftas av stenstufferna som har rikligt förekomst av luftbubblor. Explosiva vulkanutbrott är generellt inte förekomliga vid höga vattendjup, därav undersöks materialet för att kunna reda ut orsakerna som ger upphov till förekomsten av explosiva vulkanutbrott. Undersökningen baseras på att kvantifiera luftbubblor hos stenstufferna för att kunna räkna ut arean som upptas och analysera vattenhalten i klinopyroxenkristaller i agglomeratet med hjälp av FTIR spektroskopi. Vatten tillhör de flyktiga beståndsdelar i magmas sammansättning som kallas för volatiler och utgör en viktig parameter för magmans uppträdande vid eruption. Resultatet kvantifiering av luftbubblor visar att arean som upptas av luftbubblor varierar mellan 7–54 % av stenstufferna total area, vilket understryker att magmatiska produkter med hög andel luftbubblor är förkomliga. FTIR analysen visar att det finns tillräckliga höga vattenhalter för ett övermättat magmasystem som ger upphov till vulkanutbrott med explosiva förlopp, baserat på vattenhalten 3,87 ± 0,77 % av en klinopyroxenkristall. Andra möjliga orsaker till uppkomsten av magmatiska produkter med hög andel luftbubblor är koldioxidhalten i magman och storleken på vulkanrören.

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Esposito, Rosario. "Studies of volatile evolution in magmatic systems using melt inclusions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28287.

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Understanding volatile evolution associated with active volcanic magmatic systems is of paramount importance because volatiles control and determine the magnitude of an eruption owing to the large change in molar volume that volatile species show depending on their physical state (volatiles dissolved in silicate melts vs. volatiles exsolved as vapor). For active volcanic systems studying the volatile evolution can help to assess the potential hazard associated to a certain locality. Also, volatile evolution in magmatic system controls the formation of certain ore deposits. Despite the importance of understanding volatile evolution of magmatic systems, concentrations of volatiles of evolving magmas are not easily available especially for magmas originated in the deep crust. Fortunately, sample of melts can be entrapped as melt inclusion (MI) into growing igneous minerals in crystalizing magma chamber. After the entrapment, the crystal works as an insulating capsule from the external magmatic environment. Researchers have started to use MI because they provide some advantages in respect to the classical whole rock approach to petrological studies. One of the most important advantages is that MI often represent sample of a deep and non-degassed melt (glass) available at Earth's surface. In fact, with the exception of deep ocean basalts, igneous whole rocks found at the Earth's surface are degassed magmas. This dissertation is a compilation of four publications produced during six years of research and is addressed to give a contribution in understanding the volatile evolution in magmatic systems and also to improve the present understanding of information that can be obtained using the melt inclusions technique. In the first chapter, I present an alternative interpretation of H₂O-CO₂ trends obtained from MI. In this study, we demonstrate that these trends can be due to post entrapment crystallization on the wall of the MI and not to magma ascent. This alternative view is more realistic especially for cases where in the same phenocrysts MI show strongly different CO₂ concentrations. In the second chapter, I present a study to test for the MI reliability in recording volatile concentrations. We used the approach of the melt inclusion assemblage (MIA) that consists of analyzing groups of MI presumably entrapped at the same time and, thus, at same chemical and physical conditions. The results show that most of the MIA studied show consistent volatile concentrations corroborating the reliability of the MI technique. CO₂ shows the highest degrees of variability and we have assessed this behavior mostly to C-contamination in the surface of the sample. The third chapter is a study case (the Solchiaro eruption in Southern Italy) that shows the potential uses of MI to understanding the volatile evolution. I present a model showing the dynamic of the magma based on MI. This study also discusses the origin of anomalous MI and which MI provide the best information. The final chapter is dedicated to test the applicability of the new Linkam TS1400XY heating stage. I was able to show how this new microthermometric tool is capable of homogenizing MI at high temperature and to quench MI to a homogeneous glass state.
Ph. D.

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Crandall, Jake Rauch. "Magma-Sediment Interaction on Mars: Detectability and Habitability as Constrained by Terrestrial Analogs." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1944.

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Magmatism is a critical process throughout the geological history of Earth and Mars, and one of the few processes capable of producing significant changes in the Martian surface and subsurface past the Noachian. The interaction between mafic magmatism and host rock has the potential to contribute to the surface volatile species, chief among which is sulfur. On Earth, mafic magmas intruding sulfur-rich sediments are rare; however, sulfur–rich soils exist with a near global extent on Mars, and evidence exists for both recent and ancient mafic magmatism. The intrusion of mafic magmas into sulfur-rich sediments is therefore expected on Mars, and is especially pertinent concerning proposed landing site for the ESA ExoMars mission, and the landing site of the NASA Mars 2020 mission, both of which are in proximity to a potential volcanic capping unit in direct contact with sulfate bearing sediments. Here we investigate a terrestrial analog in the San Rafael Swell on the Colorado Plateau in which numerous mafic dikes intrude, alter, and bake sulfur-rich sediments. Mafic dikes intruding the Curtis, Entrada Sandstone, and Carmel Formations act as analogs for volcanic/sediment interaction on Mars, specifically for Jezero Crater, Mawrth Vallis, and N-E Syrtis Major. Using Mars relevant instruments, mineralogical changes with respect to distance from the magmatic intrusion, as well as the spatial resolution necessary to detect these changes, are constrained. The investigated analogs are discovered to be dynamic, and similar systems on Mars will likely require both orbital and in-situ measurements to be detected due to resolution constraints.

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Books on the topic "Magmatic Volatiles"

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Japan-U.S. Seminar on "Magmatic Contributions to Hydrothermal Systems" (1991 Kagoshima-shi, Japan, and Ebino-shi, Japan). Magmatic contributions to hydrothermal systems: Extended abstracts of the Japan-U.S. Seminar on "Magmatic Contributions to Hydrothermal Systems", held at Kagoshima and Ebino, November, 1991 and The behavior of volatiles in magma : abstracts of the 4th Symposium on Deep-crustal Fluids "The behavior of Volatiles in Magma", held at Tsukuba, November, 1991. Tsukuba-shi: Geological Survey of Japan, 1992.

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R, Carroll Michael, and Holloway John R, eds. Volatiles in magmas. Washington, D.C: Mineralogical Society of America, 1994.

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Volaties in Magmas (Reviews in Mineralogy,). Mineralogical Society of America, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Magmatic Volatiles"

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Cashman, Katharine V., and Margaret T. Mangan. "Chapter 11b. PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF MAGMATIC DEGASSING II. Constraints on vesiculation processes from textural studies of eruptive products." In Volatiles in Magmas, edited by Michael R. Carroll and John R. Holloway, 447–78. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501509674-018.

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Taylor, Bruce E. "Chapter 7. MAGMATIC VOLATILES: ISOTOPIC VARIATION of C, H, and S." In Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes, edited by John W. Valley, Hugh P. Taylor, and James R. O’Neil, 185–226. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508936-012.

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Yang, Kaihui, and Steven D. Scott. "Magmatic sources of volatiles and metals for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits on modern and ancient seafloors: Evidence from melt inclusions." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 715–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_182.

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Martínez-Cruz, María, Manfred J. van Bergen, Bokuichiro Takano, Erick Fernández-Soto, and Jorge Barquero-Hernández. "Behaviour of Polythionates in the Acid Lake of Poás Volcano: Insights into Changes in the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Regime and Subaqueous Input of Volatiles." In Poás Volcano, 155–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02156-0_7.

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McHone, J. Gregory. "Volatile emissions from Central Atlantic Magmatic Province Basalts: Mass assumptions and environmental consequences." In The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights From Fragments of Pangea, 241–54. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/136gm013.

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Dunbar, Nelia W., Katharine V. Cashman, and Roslyn Dupré. "Crystallization processes of anorthoclase phenocrysts in the Mount Erebus magmatic system: Evidence from crystal composition, crystal size distributions, and volatile contents of melt inclusions." In Antarctic Research Series, 129–46. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar066p0129.

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Wallace, Paul J. "Magmatic Volatiles." In Encyclopedia of Geology, 301–12. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00097-7.

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Mysen, Bjorn O. "Volatiles in magmatic liquids." In Progress in Metamorphic and Magmatic Petrology, 435–76. Cambridge University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511564444.019.

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"Magmatic Volatiles and Fluids." In Hydromagmatic Processes and Platinum-Group Element Deposits in Layered Intrusions, 34–49. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108235617.004.

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Webster, James D., Benedetto De Vivo, and Christine Tappen. "Volatiles, magmatic degassing and eruptions of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius: Constraints from silicate melt inclusions, Cl and H2O solubility experiments and modeling." In Melt Inclusions in Volcanic Systems - Methods, Applications and Problems, 207–26. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1871-644x(03)80031-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Magmatic Volatiles"

1

Edmonds, Marie. "Volcanic Outgassing and Magmatic Volatiles." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.644.

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Bodnar, Robert J. "Magmatic Volatiles: No Longer Maxwell’s Demon." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.211.

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Webster, James D., Christian Huber, and Olivier Bachmann. "INSIGHTS ON MAGMATIC FLUID EXSOLUTION AND EVOLUTION FROM CHLORINE THE UNDER-APPRECIATED MAGMATIC VOLATILE COMPONENT." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302941.

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Saal, Alberto, Erik H. Hauri, Malcolm Rutherford, and James Van Orman. "MAGMATIC DEGASSING, ORIGIN AND BUDGET OF HIGHLY VOLATILE ELEMENTS OF THE MOON." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302255.

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Saal, Alberto, Erik Hauri, James Van Orman, and Malcolm Rutherford. "Magmatic Degassing and the Volatile Budget of the Moon, Contributions by Malcolm J. Rutherford." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2255.

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Shapley, Sarah, Joshua J. Ehlich, Mark R. Frank, and R. J. Bodnar. "GOLD AND COPPER IN MAGMATIC VOLATILE PHASES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PORPHYRY AND EPITHERMAL ORE DEPOSITS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323124.

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McGee, Lucy E., Mark Reagan, Heather Handley, Simon Turner, and Steve Sparks. "U-Series Histories of Magmatic Volatile Phases and Enclave Development at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1760.

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Ukstins, Ingrid, Tanner Hartsock, Ben Simons, and Shane J. Cronin. "Magmatic Evolution, P–T Conditions, and Volatile Degassing of a Steady-State Volcano: Yasur, Vanuatu." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2648.

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Kontak, Daniel J. "BREACHING OF VOLATILE-RICH FELSIC MAGMAS: A KEY STAGE IN THE FORMATION OF MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL ORE SYSTEMS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358797.

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Rosera, Joshua M., Drew S. Coleman, and Sean Gaynor. "TIMING THE ONSET OF VOLATILE-RICH, HIGH-SILICA MAGMATISM IN THE CENTRAL COLORADO MINERAL BELT: NEW INSIGHTS FROM CHEMICAL ABRASION ID-TIMS U/PB ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334482.

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