Relevant bibliographies by topics / Magnesium Chloride

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Magnesium Chloride'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Magnesium Chloride"

1

Vasudevan, S., S. Pushpavanam, S. Mohan, and K. C. Narasimham. "Electrolytic preparation of magnesium chlorate from magnesium chloride." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 22, no. 12 (December 1992): 1201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01297425.

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Khamrakulov, Zohidjon. "Study of filtration processes in obtaining a chlorate-containing defoliant from dolomite." BIO Web of Conferences 84 (2024): 05041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248405041.

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This article considers the separation of an insoluble residue from a suspension of calcium and magnesium chlorides obtained as a result of the decomposition of a dolomite mineral with hydrochloric acid of various concentrations was studied by methods of filtration, settling and the use of centrifugal force. For each method, the optimal deposition rate is set depending on the time. The filterability of pulp with sediments of calcium and magnesium chlorates, chloride and sodium chlorate, formed in the process of obtaining calcium-magnesium chlorate defoliant was studied in it.
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Young, Jay A. "Magnesium Chloride." Journal of Chemical Education 84, no. 3 (March 2007): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed084p412.

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Zheng, Weixin, Xueying Xiao, Jing Wen, Chenggong Chang, Shengxia An, and Jingmei Dong. "Water-to-Cement Ratio of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Foam Concrete with Caustic Dolomite Powder." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052429.

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Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) foam concrete (MOCFC) is an air-hardening cementing material formed by mixing magnesium chloride solution (MgCl2) and light-burned magnesia (i.e., active MgO). In application, adding caustic dolomite powder into light-burned magnesite powder can reduce the MOCFC production cost. The brine content of MOC changes with the incorporation of caustic dolomite powder. This study investigated the relationship between the mass percent concentration and the Baumé degree of a magnesium chloride solution after bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O) from a salt lake was dissolved in water. The proportional relationship between the amount of water in brine and bischofite, and the functional formula for the water-to-cement ratio (W/C) of MOC mixed with caustic dolomite powder were deduced. The functional relationship was verified as feasible for preparing MOC through the experiment.
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Choi, Mi Seon, Chang Kyu Lee, Go Gi Lee, Sung Koo Cho, and Jae Young Jung. "Technology of Molten Salt Electrolysis of Magnesium Chloride." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.799.

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The electrolytic production of magnesium from magnesium chloride containing sodium chloride-rich melts has been studied using mono-polar cell, where originally designed in consideration of current efficiency and energy consumption. The magnesium was formed well at the surface of cathode and floated at the free surface of the molten salt, and chlorine gas was generated at the anode without any inverse reaction between the magnesium which is produced electrolysis process. The magnesium was collected about 200 g/hr by operating an optimized mono-polar cell with 500 A for 24 hours. The metallic magnesium produced from this study had a high purity with 99.92 %.
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Sichov, Mikhail, Kostiantyn Boriak, and Leonid Kolomiets. "Technology for obtaining high-pure magnesium compounds using the hydrolytic processes of sedimentation." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 6(115) (February 28, 2022): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.253544.

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In nature, magnesium compounds are distributed in the form of such minerals as dolomite, magnesite, serpentinite, brucite, and in the form of such solutions as sea and ocean waters, salt lakes, bischofite. The main popular magnesium compounds are its chloride, hydroxide, and oxide. The most common technology for obtaining magnesium hydroxide is based on the action of alkaline reagents on solutions of magnesium. However, the technology has significant drawbacks. The main issue is that magnesium hydroxide cannot be obtained free of impurity metal ions, and the sediment itself has an extremely low filtration rate from the solution in which it is formed. Magnesium hydroxide is an excellent sorbent collector for the ions of most metals, so it is possible to utilize this property of absorption of magnesium hydroxide to produce other highly pure compounds, for medicine and pharmacopeia. This paper investigates the processes of alkaline hydrolysis of magnesium chloride and the formation of magnesium hydroxide sediment, the kinetics of processes, as well as the properties of sediments. Empirical formulas for sediment production parameters with a high filtration coefficient that exceeds the known values of 1·106have been derived. The study reported here hasrevealed the possibility of obtaining in a relatively simple way highly pure chloride, hydroxide, and magnesium oxide, sodium chlorides, potassium, calcium, in which the impurity 3d metals content does not exceed the value as a percentage of (1‒4)·10-7. Due to the properties of highly pure magnesium compounds to the sorption of metal ions, it is possible to create reference samples of chemical elements for the needs of metrology. For example, to create MR phantoms to verify measurements and check the operation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medical institutions. Especially pure magnesium hydroxide can be used for instrumental methods of analytical chemistry (X-ray fluorescent, neutron-activation methods) when fabricating chemical references for testing laboratories.
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Zhang, Zhimin, Xuchen Lu, Feng Pan, Yun Wang, and Suping Yang. "Preparation of Anhydrous Magnesium Chloride from Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 44, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-012-9777-5.

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Eom, Hyoung-Choon, Hyungkyu Park, and Ho-Sung Yoon. "Preparation of anhydrous magnesium chloride from ammonium magnesium chloride hexahydrate." Advanced Powder Technology 21, no. 2 (March 2010): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2010.01.003.

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Shevchuk, V. V., T. N. Potkina, A. I. Voitenko, and O. V. Smetanina. "Carnallite synthesis from magnesium and potassium chloride solutions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 57, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2021-57-1-87-93.

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The influence of the main parameters on the process of obtaining artificial carnallite and its quality has been established. It is shown that to obtain a product with a high content of the carnallite phase and a low content of bischofite and KCl, it is necessary to use magnesium chloride solution with the concentration of 27-30 % and preheated ground potassium chloride. The process should be carried out at the temperature of 80 °C. The formation of synthetic carnallite, close in composition to the enriched one, occurs when the ratio of potassium chloride to magnesium chloride in the initial mixture is equal or close to their stoichiometric ratio in carnallite. With an excess of potassium chloride in the reaction mixture, an increased content of potassium and sodium chlorides in the product is observed, and with its deficiency, the product contains an increased amount of bischofite phase. To reduce the hydrolysis of magnesium chloride during dehydration, a slight excess of potassium chloride should be maintained in the mixture entering the synthesis. It is shown that the most advantageous scheme for producing artificial carnallite provides for incomplete evaporation of desulfurized liquor in the presence of potassium chloride with the return of circulating carnallite liquor to the desulfurization stage.
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Namsone, Elvija, Genadijs Sahmenko, and Aleksandrs Korjakins. "Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride and Magnesium Oxysulphate Cement Composites." Key Engineering Materials 903 (November 10, 2021): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.903.208.

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Increasing energy consumption is forcing the building sector to seek and use building materials and products that would be environmentally friendly. As one such material should be noted magnesium based cements, which production requires much lower calcination temperature than the traditional Portland cement. During the experimental research part of this work, two types of magnesia cement were produced (using magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate brine solutions) and physical, mechanical properties of obtained cement composites were determined.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Magnesium Chloride"

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Kashani-Nejad, Sina. "Oxides in the dehydration of Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95661.

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A novel and accurate method of chemical analysis was developed to identify and assay the products of the hydrolysis that occurred when magnesium chloride hexahydrate was heated and held at temperature and reacted with its own liberated waters of hydration. The novel method took advantage of the solubility of magnesium chloride and magnesium chloride hydrates in methanol and the concomitant insolubility of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxychlorides in methanol. The method was found to have a precision of 5-7 % and represents a substantial improvement over previous analytical methods. The method is also readily applied to any methanol soluble salt containing insoluble impurities, meaning that it can also be used for the monitoring of the fused salt electrolyte present the magnesium electrolysis cells. [...]
Une nouvelle méthode d'analyse chimique a été développée pour identifier et tester les produits d'hydrolyse qui se forment quand le chlorure de magnésium hexahydrate est chauffé, maintenu à température constante et qu'il réagit avec les eaux d'hydratation qu'il libère. La nouvelle méthode tire avantage de la solubilité du chlorure de magnésium, hydraté ou non, et en parallèle de l'insolubilité de l'oxyde et des hydroxychlorures de magnésium dans le méthanol. Il s'avère que la méthode a montré une précision de 5-7 %, ce qui apporte une importante amélioration aux méthodes analytiques précédentes. La méthode est aussi facilement applicable a tout sel soluble, qui contiendrait des impuretés insolubles, dans le méthanol, ce qui signifie qu'elle peut aussi être utilisée pour le suivi de l'électrolyse de sel fondu présent dans les cellules d'électrolyse du magnésium. [...]
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Coscia, Carlo. "Transformation of an aluminium-iron-magnesium- chloride solution during pyrohydrolysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102490.

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Industrial experience has revealed that when used to treat multi-component metal chloride waste liquors, existing fluidized bed acid regeneration facilities are not as efficient as when employed for the pyrohydrolysis of conventional iron chloride solutions (i.e. waste pickle liquor). As a result, experimental studies and thermochemical modelling were performed to characterize the transformation of a saturated Al-Fe-Mg-Cl solution at 105°C, after it is injected into a reactor at 850°C. Efforts were geared toward defining the sequence of reactions that take place as the liquor gradually transforms into oxides.C, after it is injected into a reactor at 850°C. Efforts were geared toward defining the sequence of reactions that take place as the liquor gradually transforms into oxides.C, after it is injected into a reactor at 850°C. Efforts were geared toward defining the sequence of reactions that take place as the liquor gradually transforms into oxides.C, after it is injected into a reactor at 850°C. Efforts were geared toward defining the sequence of reactions that take place as the liquor gradually transforms into oxides.
Upon completing a comprehensive literature review, testwork was initially performed with a simplified experimental set-up to study the physical behaviour of the chloride solution as it is exposed to a static bed of oxides at 850°C, and ultimately identify the various phases of the transformation process. Subsequently, controlled evaporative crystallization experiments were conducted under pseudo-equilibrium conditions to define the McClx·yH 2O precipitation path that takes place during the H2O evaporation phase and to determine whether the chlorides precipitate independently or as complex compounds. Further experiments were performed in a fully instrumented tube furnace to elaborate on the nature of the reactions (dehydration and/or pyrohydrolysis) that take place after all of the water in the starting solution has evaporated (i.e. T=300°C+).
In an effort to assist with the interpretation of the experimental results, thermochemical modelling was performed to predict the equilibrium phase assemblages that could occur during the transformation of the saturated Al-Fe-Mg-Cl solution, at reaction temperatures of 200°C+.
The research study at hand has shown that when the saturated Al-Fe-Mg-Cl solution at 105°C is exposed to fluidized bed pyrohydrolyzer operating conditions at 850°C, the following sequence of events take place: (1) rapid solvent H2O evaporation (i.e. vigorous boiling) and onset of solid metal chloride precipitation. (2) slurry densification due to a gradual increase in crystal content (i.e. AlCl·6H2O, FeCl2 ·xH2O, and MgCl2·xH2O, where x = 2 or 4). (3) hydrated crystal drying and onset of pyrohydrolysis (i.e. thermal decomposition of McClx·yH2O). The same holds true for the high temperature hydrolysis of typical waste pickle liquors (i.e. primarily FeCl2 solution).
The crystallization studies revealed that when the Al-Fe-Mg-Cl solution is allowed to gradually evaporate at 105°C,.AlCl3·6H 2O precipitates when 15% of the solvent water evolves from the liquor, followed by FeCl2·xH2O and MgCl2·xH 2O (where x = 2 or 4) at 26 and 41% evaporation, respectively. Ferric chloride remains in solution even after 54% of the water has been driven from the liquor. The latter result suggests that higher ferric concentrations in the reactor feed are more than likely to favour an increase in the quantity of liquor entrainment by the fluidizing gases and therefore lead to lower process efficiencies. Dedicated pyrohydrolysis experiments, with a simulated reactor atmosphere (gaseous, not dynamic), have shown that excluding kinetic effects, the transformation of the Al-Fe-Mg-Cl solution occurs primarily over the 300 to 600°C temperature range.
Thermochemical modelling revealed that with the exception of AlCl 3·6H2O hydrolysis, the majority of the reactions taking place as the saturated Al-Fe-Mg-Cl liquor is introduced into and eventually reaches 850°C are governed by either reaction kinetics or diffusion. Furthermore, the resulting phase assemblage at any given temperature was predicted to vary significantly with oxygen potential. A liquid chloride phase (including molten salt), other than the feed liquor, was not predicted to form at any temperature (i.e. 200°C or above) under the range of oxidizing or reducing conditions considered.
The findings of this research were quite useful in identifying the means for improving the performance of a commercial fluidized bed pyrohydrolyzer for a spent chloride liquor containing the said species.
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Foster, Paul J. "Continuous Co-Separation by Liquid Absorption in Aqueous Cuprous Chloride (CuCl) and Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) Solution." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1789.pdf.

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Demirci, Gokhan. "Electrolytic Magnesium Production Using Coaxial Electrodes." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607464/index.pdf.

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Main reason for the current losses in electrolytic magnesium production is the reaction between electrode products. Present study was devoted to effective separation of chlorine gas from the electrolysis environment by a new cell design and thus reducing the extent of back reaction between magnesium and chlorine to decrease energy consumption values. The new cell design was tested by changing temperature, cathode surface, current density, anode cathode distance and electrolyte composition. Both the voltages and the current efficiencies were considered to be influenced by the amount and hydrodynamics of chlorine bubbles in inter-electrode region. Cell voltages were also found to be affected from the nucleation of magnesium droplets and changes in electrolyte composition that took place during the electrolysis. A hydrodynamic model was used to calculate net cell voltage by including the resistance of chlorine bubbles on anode surface to theoretical decomposition voltage during electrolysis. Good correlations were obtained between experimental and calculated voltages. The same model was used to calculate current efficiencies by considering chlorine diffusion from bubble surfaces. A general agreement was obtained between calculated and experimental current efficiencies. Desired magnesium deposition morphology and detachment characteristics from cathode were obtained when MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-CaCl2 electrolytes were employed. Current efficiencies higher than 90% could be achieved using the above electrolyte. The cell consumes around 8 kWh&
#903
kg-1 Mg at 0.43 A&
#903
cm-2 as a result of high chlorine removal efficiency and capability of working at low inter-electrode distances. Furthermore, the cell was capable of producing magnesium with less than the lowest energy consumption industrially obtained, at about double the commonly practiced industrial current density levels.
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Jegede, Oluyemi. "Concept design of a thermo-chemical heat pump using calcium chloride-NH₃ and magnesium chloride-NH₃ working pairs." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/97979/.

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This work presents the design of a double effect thermochemical heat pump based on the calcium chloride-ammonia and magnesium chloride-ammonia working pairs. The work began with a comprehensive theoretical and literature review of the similar systems which exist in the literature. Once the literature review was done, a large temperature jump experimental rig was built in order to be able to determine the behaviour of the relevant working pairs. Even though the focus of the work is thermochemical reactions, the activated carbon-ammonia pair was first used to validate the large temperature jump rig. The reason for this is that the activated carbon-ammonia pair is better understood compare to the thermochemical reactions. The experiments on the activated carbon- ammonia pair yielded some useful results. The results obtained show that two heat transfer properties (thermal conductivity, k and heat transfer coefficient, h) with physical meaning can be extracted from large temperature jump data. Furthermore, the change in thermal conductivity with the packing density of the adsorbent was investigated. The general trend was one of increasing thermal conductivity as the packing density was increased, the thermal conductivity increased from 0.2Wm‾¹K‾¹ to 0.4Wm‾¹K‾¹ as the packing density was increased from 530kgm‾³ to 705kgm‾³. When the calcium chloride-ammonia and magnesium chloride-ammonia working pairs were investigated in the large temperature jump setup, the kinetic parameters for each respective reaction were obtained. This enabled the development of a dynamic model of a representative thermochemical heat pump based on the aforementioned working pairs. The dynamic model helped to investigate the performance of the heat pump under various operating conditions. The coefficient of performance (COP) and the specific heating power ranged from 1.21 to 1.40 and 40W/litre to 400W/litre respectively depending on the operating conditions.
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Lamy, Martin. "Mechanism of magnesium oxide chlorination by hydrogen chloride in a molten salt." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33977.

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The reaction of HCl gas with MgO particles suspended in a molten salt containing magnesium chloride was studied. Chlorination experiments were carried out in a batch stirred tank reactor. The determination of the MgCl2 concentration as a function of chlorination time indicated that the chlorination of MgO to MgCl2 occured through an intermediate step. The intermediate species was assumed to be MgOHCl forming according to the reaction: MgOs+HCl g→MgOHCl d
Alkalimetric titration and thermal decomposition by injection of dry nitrogen were used to confirm the existence of MgOHCl in the molten salt during chlorination. Infrared spectrometry was also tentatively used to identify MgOHCl but, without success due to the hygroscopic nature of the material.
Conventional mass transfer theory was used to develop a model for the reaction of solid MgO particles with HCl dissolved in the molten salt to form MgOHCl. The model assumed shrinking particle behaviour for the MgO and was confirmed by the data from the chlorination experiments.
Moreover, experiments conducted at different HCl flow rates showed that the reaction was controlled by mass transfer of HCl dissolved in the molten salt across the liquid film surrounding the MgO particle to the surface of the particle. The following rate law was obtained CMgOCi MgO1/3=1-K nt the constant Kn was found to vary between 0.04 and 0.08 s-1 when the gas flow rate was varied from 2.5 to 7.5 SLPM at constant temperature and agitation speed of 500°C and 500 RPM, respectively.
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Hide, Nicholas John. "The production and characterisation of powder processed silver chloride electrodes for use in the magnesium-silver chloride reserve battery system." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266863.

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Jönsson, Martin. "The initial atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloys : influence of sodium chloride and microstructure /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-387.

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Pressman, A. "Electrical properties of cadmium telluride thin film solar cells activated with magnesium chloride." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3017359/.

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Molefe, Dan Matlhomola. "Magnesium hydroxide derivatives as stabilisers and flame retardants for plasticised poly (vinyl chloride)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53529.

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The potential of magnesium hydroxide, hydromagnesite and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as heat stabilisers and flame retardants for plasticised poly (vinylchloride) (PVC) was studied. These inorganic hydrated fillers feature flake-shaped particles with a strong tendency to agglomerate. Filler particles must be homogeneously distributed and individually dispersed in the polymer matrix in order to attain the best performance. For this reason the first step in the investigation was to explore the use of a stearic acid coating in order to improve the dispersability of these fillers in liquids. The platelet morphology-type flame retardants were coated with approximately a monolayer of stearic acid using a solvent technique. Compared to the uncoated powders, the BET surface area was lower, the powder packing density was improved, and the thickening effect on white oil was significantly reduced. The latter two observations were rationalised in terms of a reduction in the attractive interactions between the powder particles. The viscosity of white oil slurries containing 25 wt.% solids showed shear-thinning non-Newtonian behaviour. The coated powders showed significantly lower viscosities at low shear rates although the difference diminished at high shear rates. The lower viscosities shown by the coated powders indicate that the surface modification facilitated the break-up of agglomerates and aided the dispersion of individual particles in the fluid. The thermal decomposition of these hydrated fillers is central to their flame retardant action. At elevated temperatures they endothermically release inert gases. The latter dilute the atmosphere surrounding the burning sample while the endothermic decomposition cools the substrate. These two effects are responsible for the flame retardant action of these fillers. The detailed behaviour of the present samples was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and spectroscopic methods. The decomposition mechanisms, proposed in the literature for these flame retardants, were confirmed. This includes the mass loss, enthalpy of decomposition, and the nature of evolved gases for temperatures up to 1 000 °C. The magnesium hydroxide decomposed endothermically at temperatures well above 250 °C releasing only steam. The LDH decomposed between 225 ºC and 450 ºC and the hydromagnesite between about 220 °C and 500 °C. Both initially released water vapour followed by carbon dioxide. Next the utility of the magnesium hydroxide, hydromagnesite and LDH as combination heat stabilisers and flame retardants for plasticised PVC was studied. Emulsion grade PVC was plasticised with 100 parts per hundred parts of resin (phr) diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and filled with 30 parts per hundred parts of resin (phr) filler additive. Thermomat static heat stabilities were determined at 200 °C by following the time dependence of hydrogen chloride evolution. Fire retardancy was studied using a cone calorimeter at a radiant flux of 35 kW m-2. The layered double hydroxide outperformed the other fillers with regard to improving heat stabilisation and also with respect to most fire retardancy indices. Since the layered double hydroxide performed best it was decided to see whether slight composition variations could improve performance. Derivatives of the standard LDH compound ([Mg0.667Al0.333(OH)2](CO3)0.167·0.44H2O) were synthesised using a hydrothermal method. Again, emulsion grade PVC was plasticised with 100 phr diisononyl phthalate and stabilised with 30 phr of the LDH filler additive derivatives. The heat stability and fire resistance of these compounds were studied. Heat stabilities were determined at 200 °C. The dynamic heat stability tests were performed on the plastisols using the torque rheometer method. Static heat stability was evaluated on the fused compounds. It was evaluated from discoloration profiles of strips exposed for various lengths of time to high heat in a Metrastat oven. The time dependence of hydrogen chloride evolution was followed with a Metrohm Thermomat instrument. The conventional LDH provided the best dynamic heat stability. However, partial replacement of the magnesium with copper significantly delayed the release of volatile HCl. If instead the replacement was done using zinc, better colour retention was achieved. The fire performance was determined at a radiant flux of 35 kWm?2 in a cone calorimeter. The conventional magnesium-aluminium LDH lowered the peak heat release rate of the plasticised PVC from 623 ± 8 kW m?2 to 389 ± 9 kW m?2 and reduced the smoke release by 37 %. Partial replacement of the aluminium with iron resulted in a red pigmented additive that was more effective as a flame retardant reducing the peak heat release rate (pHRR) to as little as 253 ± 5 kW m?2. This additive also showed better smoke suppression (reduction of 44 %) but the best smoke suppression was achieved by replacing part of the magnesium with copper reduction by 49 %).
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Chemistry
PhD
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Books on the topic "Magnesium Chloride"

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Montana State University (Bozeman, Mont.). Reclamation Research Unit and Montana. Abandoned Mine Reclamation Bureau, eds. Effects of industrial waste phosphogypsum and magnesium chloride brine on sodic minesoils and vegetation development. Bozeman: Reclamation Research Unit, Montana State University, 1990.

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Jacobi, William R. Environmental effects of magnesium chloride-based dust suppression products on roadside soils, vegetation and stream water chemistry. Fort Collins, Colo: College of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, 2009.

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Inc, Reid Crowther Consulting. The economic impact of magnesium chloride deicer on concrete bridge decks: A study for the Montana Department of Transportation. Helena, Mont.[?]: Montana Department of Transportation, 2000.

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Johannes, Fabricius. Geochemical investigation of potassium-magnesium chloride mineralization of Zechstein 2 salt, Mors Dome, Denmark: Microthermometry on solid inclusions in quartz crystals. København: I kommission hos C.A. Reitzels forlag, 1987.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. AB initio characterization of MgCCH, MgCCH⁺, and MgC₂, and pathways to their formation in the interstellar medium. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Donsbach, Kurt W. Oxygen, oxygen, oxygen: Hydrogen peroxide, magnesium peroxide, chlorine peroxide. [Tulsa, Okla.]: Rockland Corp., 1993.

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Vapor Pressure of Water and of Aqueous Solutions of Magnesium Sulphate, Magnesium Chloride and Sodium Chloride. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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Vapor Pressure of Water and of Aqueous Solutions of Magnesium Sulphate, Magnesium Chloride and Sodium Chloride. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Magnesium Compounds Excluding Magnesium Chloride and Magnesium Sulfate. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Magnesium Compounds Excluding Magnesium Chloride and Magnesium Sulfate. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Magnesium Chloride"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Magnesium Chloride." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 335. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_6196.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Magnesium Chloride." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 440. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7114.

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Abdel-Aal, Hussein K. "Production of Magnesium Chloride: An Overview." In Magnesium, 39–52. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351170642-4.

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Bryce-Smith, D., and R. M. Hunt. "Anhydrous Magnesium Chloride." In Inorganic Syntheses, 9–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132371.ch4.

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Abdel-Aal, Hussein K. "Production of Magnesium Chloride from Seawater: Proposed Method-Preferential Salt Separation." In Magnesium, 53–63. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351170642-5.

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Adham, K., C. Lee, and K. O’Keefe. "Fluid Bed Dehydration of Magnesium Chloride." In Magnesium Technology 2012, 49–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48203-3_9.

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Adham, K., C. Lee, and K. O'Keefe. "Fluid Bed Dehydration of Magnesium Chloride." In Magnesium Technology 2012, 49–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359228.ch9.

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Bert, Christophe, Alexandre Mauries, and David A. Whitworth. "Comparison of Fused Cast Alumina Products for Magnesium Chloride Cells." In Magnesium Technology 2000, 37. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118808962.ch8.

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Harkema, James M., and Irshad H. Chaudry. "Organ Protection with ATP-Magnesium Chloride." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 261–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0455-5_16.

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Hüttner, W. "180 ClMg X 2Σ+ Magnesium chloride." In Diamagnetic Diatomic Molecules. Part 1, 250. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69954-5_182.

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Conference papers on the topic "Magnesium Chloride"

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van Essen, V. M., J. Cot Gores, L. P. J. Bleijendaal, H. A. Zondag, R. Schuitema, M. Bakker, and W. G. J. van Helden. "Characterization of Salt Hydrates for Compact Seasonal Thermochemical Storage." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90289.

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This paper describes the characterization of four salt hydrates as potential thermochemical material for compact seasonal heat storage in the built environment. First, magnesium sulfate was investigated in detail using TG-DSC apparatus. The results of this study revealed that magnesium sulfate is able to store almost 10 times more energy than water of the same volume. However, the material was unable to take up water (and release heat) under practical conditions. A new theoretical study identified three salt hydrates besides magnesium sulfate as promising materials for compact seasonal heat storage: aluminum sulfate, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride. These salt hydrates (including magnesium sulfate) were tested in a newly constructed experimental setup. Based on the observed temperature lift under practical conditions, it was found that magnesium chloride was the most promising material of the four tested salt hydrates. However, both calcium chloride and magnesium chloride tend to form a gel-like material due to melting or formation of a solution. This effect is undesired since it reduces the ability of the material to take up water again. Finally, it was observed that performing the hydration at low-pressure will improve the water vapor transport in comparison to atmospheric pressure hydration.
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Soule, Ralph Pollister, Ryan Franklin, and Anthony Bartruff. "ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY SURVEY OF A MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE PLUME." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/sageep.28-039.

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Tobrman, Tomáš, and Dalimil Dvořák. "(Purine-6-yl)magnesium chloride: Preparation and reactivity." In XIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200205040.

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Zhao, Liang, and Kunjie Luo. "Stress Corrosion Behaviors of Three Typical Materials (304L, 2205, Alloy 825) in Boiling Magnesium Chloride Solution." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66711.

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According to YB/T 5362-2006 “stainless steel stress corrosion test method in boiling magnesium chloride solution”, the sensitivity of the stress corrosion of three typical materials (304L, 2205, Alloy 825) was investigated in boiling magnesium chloride solution (experimental temperature is 143±1 °C, concentration of magnesium chloride is 43%). The results show that under the condition of constant strain, the corrosion resistant performance of 825 material is far better than 304L, and the corrosion resistance of dual phase steel may not be superior than that of austenitic stainless steel.
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SHOAEI, MAHYAR, RUSTEM GUL, and TURKAY KOTAN. "The Effect of Sodium Chloride and Magnesium Chloride Salts on Perlite Aggregate Lightweight Concrete." In Fourth International Conference On Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering - CSE 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-070-5-41.

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Ding, Qing, XueGang Luo, XiaoYan Lin, and HongPing Zhang. "Study of Magnesium Nitrate Hexahydrate and Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate Mixture as Phase Change Material." In 2012 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2012.6306921.

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Ma, H., H. Yang, C. Wang, B. Zou, J. Chen, L. Tong, and Y. Ding. "Kinetic analysis of magnesium chloride hexahydrate for thermal energy storage." In Energy Storage Conference 2023 (ESC 2023). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2023.3098.

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Hoffmeister, Hans, and Mirko Bader. "Investigation and Assessment of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Welded HR3C Superheater Pipes of the MPP3 Power Plant." In AM-EPRI 2016, edited by J. Parker, J. Shingledecker, and J. Siefert. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2016p0336.

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Abstract The mechanisms of recent cracking failures of HR3C super heater pipes of a fossil power plant in the Netherlands were investigated. Initial failure investigations showed that pitting corrosion of the sensitized HR3C initiated subsequent stress corrosion cracking (SCC). It was concluded that magnesium chloride hydrates from condensed seawater had initiated pitting corrosion as well as SCC similar to the standard ASTM G36 SCC test. By experimental application of the ASTM G36 procedure, this tentative mechanism is reproduced and confirmed by a series of laboratory tests with pure magnesium chloride as well as with synthetic seawater. It included the effects of temperature, magnesium chloride concentrations of the evaporating water and applied bending moments on cracking. As a result for the 175h testing period in MgCl2*6H2O cracking increases significantly above 100°C up to 120°C but is reduced slightly at temperatures up to 155°C. With increasing bending moments, the U-shaped test pieces revealed increasing crack depths up to total fracture of the 5mm thick sections. Lower magnesium chloride concentrations as in concentrated seawater provided identical cracking, however, to a lower extent. It is therefore concluded that the operational failure of the sensitized HR3C super heater pipes was initiated in presence of condensed seawater and followed the same mechanism as found in the experimental investigation. As a conclusion, the presence of seawater saturated air at temperatures between 100° and 155°C should be avoided.
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Jahidin, Ridzuan, Aminaton Marto, Faizal Pakir, and Siti Norafida Jusoh. "Unconfined compressive strength of compacted marine clay treated with magnesium chloride." In PROCEEDINGS OF SCIEMATHIC 2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0053471.

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Kirkes, Leslie, Luzheng Zhang, and Jay Jang. "Dissolved Lead Concentration in Magnesium Chloride Solutions Spiked with Sodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate." In Proposed for presentation at the ISSP-19 (Virtual Conference) held July 12-16, 2021 in ,. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1883511.

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Reports on the topic "Magnesium Chloride"

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Poole, T., L. Wakeley, and C. Young. Individual and combined effects of chloride, sulfate, and magnesium ions on hydrated Portland-cement paste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10147904.

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Weiss. PR-318-06701-R01 Predicting and Mitigating Salt Precipitation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010976.

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Brine solutions are often produced during gas storage operations, and when these solutions encounter changing temperature or pressure, salt can precipitate. This salt (NaCl) can impair productivity and may even result in abandonment of wells. Dilution with fresh water is the preferred method of mitigating the salt buildup. Existing salt deposits are dissolved with fresh water. Additionally, fresh water is used as a produced water diluent to reduce supersaturation with respect to NaCl. However, this can be expensive depending on the method of application, and as fresh water becomes scarcer, the method will become more expensive. A number of chemicals are reported to reduce or prevent salt deposition. Among them are ferrocyanide and some organic molecules such as nitrilotriacetic acid and nitrilotriacetamide (NTAm). These inhibitors are thought to prevent salt precipitation by crystal modification or by interfering with crystal growth. Their effectiveness, however, varies with their concentration and the chemistry of the brines. For example, ferrocyanide is a very effective salt inhibitor; however, at low pH or in the presence of large amounts of iron it decomposes rendering it ineffective. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 where supersaturated solutions of NaCl are cooled to room temperature, the performance of both chemicals is reduced as the reservoir water increases in calcium and/or magnesium, eventually becoming ineffective. But even when precipitate is formed, both inhibitors affect the properties of the precipitate so that there is no caking with no tendency to form large crystals associated with sodium chloride scale. The questions concerning the environmental issues associated with ferrocyanide that arose during Phase I are addressed in this report.
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Cram, Jana, Mary Levandowski, Kaci Fitzgibbon, and Andrew Ray. Water resources summary for the Snake River and Jackson Lake Reservoir in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway: Preliminary analysis of 2016 data. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285179.

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This report summarizes discharge and water quality monitoring data for the Snake River and Jackson Lake reservoir levels in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway for calendar year 2016. Annual and long-term discharge summaries and an evaluation of chemical conditions relative to state and federal water quality standards are presented. These results are considered provisional, and may be subject to change. River Discharge: Hydrographs for the Snake River at Flagg Ranch, WY, and Moose, WY, exhibit a general pattern of high early summer flows and lower baseflows occurring in late summer and fall. During much of 2016, flows at the Flagg Ranch monitoring location were similar to the 25th percentile of daily flows at that site. Peak flows at Flagg Ranch were similar to average peak flow from 1983 to 2015 but occurred eleven days earlier in the year compared to the long-term average. Peak flows and daily flows at the Moose monitoring station were below the long-term average. Peak flows occurred four days later than the long-term average. During summer months, the unnatural hydro-graph at the Moose monitoring location exhibited signs of flow regulation associated with the management of Jackson Lake. Water Quality Monitoring in the Snake River: Water quality in the Snake River exhibited seasonal variability over the sampling period. Specifically, total iron peaked during high flows. In contrast, chloride, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, and calcium levels were at their annual minimum during high flows. Jackson Lake Reservoir: Reservoir storage dynamics in Jackson Lake exhibit a pattern of spring filling associated with early snowmelt runoff reaching maximum storage in mid-summer (on or near July 1). During 2016, filling water levels and reservoir storage began to increase in Jackson Lake nearly two weeks earlier than the long-term average and coincident with increases in runoff-driven flows in the Snake River. Although peak storage in Jackson Lake was larger and occurred earlier than the long-term average, minimum storage levels were similar to the long-term average.
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