Relevant bibliographies by topics / Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Oxides. Semiconductors

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Oxides. Semiconductors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Oxides. Semiconductors"

1

Roshchin, V. E., P. A. Gamov, A. V. Roshchin, and S. P. Salikhov. "ELECTRON THEORY OF METALS REDUCTION: THEORY AND METHODS OF METALS EXTRACTION FROM VARIOUS TYPES OF ORE." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 5 (June 19, 2019): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-5-407-417.

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The present work analyzes the existing mechanism of solid-phase metals reduction from oxides. It was shown that the existed mechanisms of reduction do not explain the diversity of the practical results leading to a generally accepted opinion that there is no single uniform reduction mechanism. This study presents the results of the solid-phase reduction of metals from lump magnetite, siderite, titanomagnetite and chromite types of ore by carbon from various deposits. The obtained results were compared with the results of reduction of chromium, silicon and aluminum by carbon from pure oxides. Change in the electrical characteristics and analysis of the processes of electron- and mass transfer under reducing conditions were performed to clarify the general theoretical concepts of reduction mechanism. It has been concluded that there is general process of transformation of the crystal lattice of oxide into the crystal lattice of metal for reduction of different metals. The positions of electron theory for solid-phase reduction of metals from crystal lattice of oxides were developed using the basic concepts of chemistry, solid state physics about imperfect crystals, quantum mechanics and character of electron distribution and transfer in metals and ionic semiconductors. The theory embraces all the known results of reduction with formation of metal on the surface of high-grade lump ore, nucleation of metal inside of the complex and low-grade types of ore and formation and sublimation of suboxides. Major ideas of the developing theory of electron reduction have been formulated on the basis of metals reduction as a result of the exchange of electrons between the reducing agent and metal cations in oxides by means of the charged anion vacancies formed on the surface and their scattering in the volume. The transformation of the cations’ ionic bond in oxides into metallic bond of the metal phase on the surface (or inside of the oxide lattice) occurs without the displacement of the cations over significant distances and thermodynamic difficulties for the formation of metallic nucleus when the charged anion vacancies merge (skipping the stage of formation of the atoms of metal). There might be no direct contact between the metal and the reducing agent in case of formation of the metal phase inside of the oxide volume. As a result, harmful impurities from the reducing agent, e.g. carbon and sulphur, do not penetrate into iron during reduction of complex and low-grade types of ore. Therefore, for the reduction of iron from such an ore, it is possible to utilize a low-quality reducing agent, e.g. steam coal. The selective solid-phase reduction of iron from lump complex ore makes it possible to obtain a metal-oxide composite material containing pure DRI and valuable oxides which are difficult for reduction, i.e. oxides of magnesium, titanium and vanadium.
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Nemade, K. R., and S. A. Waghuley. "Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles by Solvent Mixed Spray Pyrolysis Technique for Optical Investigation." International Journal of Metals 2014 (April 14, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/389416.

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Solvent mixed spray pyrolysis technique has attracted a global interest in the synthesis of nanomaterials since reactions can be run in liquid state without further heating. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a category of the practical semiconductor metal oxides, which is extensively used as catalyst and optical material. In the present study, MgO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a solvent mixed spray pyrolysis. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of MgO phase with an excellent crystalline structure. Debye-Scherrer equation is used for the determination of particle size, which was found to be 9.2 nm. Tunneling electron microscope analysis indicated that the as-synthesized particles are nanoparticles with an average particle size of 9 nm. Meanwhile, the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of the resulting product was evaluated to study its optical property via measurement of the band gap energy value.
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Anuradha, B., and C. Sanjeeviraja. "Review on Magnesium Indium Oxide Thin Films: Material Properties and Preparation Techniques." Materials Science Forum 699 (September 2011): 39–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.699.39.

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Thin films of pure metals, alloys, semiconductors and organic compounds are indispensable tools in industry, which anticipate and recognize novel functional materials for the development of microelectronics. Thin film technology makes it possible to deposit ultra-thin functional material layers on a base substrate to form many active and passive micro-miniaturized components and devices such as solar cells, radiation sources, sensors, magnetic devices, bolometers, switching devices, photodiodes, digital versatile disk (DVD), flat panel display etc. Thus thin films play a dominant role in modern technology like opto-electronics, microelectronics etc. The study of surfaces and thin films overlaying them has been carried out for many years. But recently, it has become increasingly important in several fields of study. Thin film properties such as optical, electrical and magnetic properties are very much interested in research areas. Thin film properties are strong dependent on the method of deposition, the substrate materials, the substrate temperature, the rate of deposition, the background pressure etc. Specific application in modern technology demand tailor made film properties, for example, high optical reflection / transmission, hardness. adhesion, nonporosity, high mobility of charge carriers / insulating properties and chemical inertness, which are possible with a selection of suitable functional materials and deposition techniques. Various techniques used to deposit thin films and the material properties of MIO and its crystal structure are summarized with our results.
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Ohsawa, Takeo, Yutaka Adachi, Isao Sakaguchi, Kenji Matsumoto, Hajime Haneda, Shigenori Ueda, Hideki Yoshikawa, Keisuke Kobayashi, and Naoki Ohashi. "Electronic States in Zinc Magnesium Oxide Alloy Semiconductors: Hard X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations." Chemistry of Materials 21, no. 1 (January 13, 2009): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm802467n.

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Nakamura, Tomoyuki, Kazuya Hatakeyama, Masahiro Minowa, Youhiko Mito, Koya Arai, Tsutomu Iida, and Keishi Nishio. "Power generation performance of π-structure thermoelectric device using NaCo2O4 and Mg2Si elements." MRS Proceedings 1490 (2013): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.53.

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ABSTRACTThermoelectric power generation has been attracting attention as a technology for waste heat utilization in which thermal energy is directly converted into electric energy. It is well known that layered cobalt oxide compounds such as NaCo2O4 and Ca3Co4O9 have high thermoelectric properties in p-type oxide semiconductors. However, in most cases, the thermoelectric properties in n-type oxide materials are not as high. Therefore, n-type magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) has been studied as an alternative due to its non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, lightweight property, and comparative abundance compared with other TE systems. In this study, we fabricated π-structure thermoelectric power generation devices using p-type NaCo2O4 elements and n-type Mg2Si elements. The p- and n-type sintering bodies were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). To reduce the resistance at the interface between elements and electrodes, we processed the surface of the elements before fabricating the devices. The end face of a Mg2Si element was covered with Ni by SPS and that of a NaCo2O4 element was coated with Ag by silver paste and soldering.The thermoelectric device consisted of 18 pairs of p-type and n-type legs connected with Ag electrodes. The cross-sectional and thickness dimensions of the p-type elements were 3.0 mm × 5.0 mm × 7.6 mm (t) and those of the n-type elements were 3.0 mm × 3.0 mm × 7.6 mm (t). The open circuit voltage was 1.9 V and the maximum output power was 1.4 W at a heat source temperature of 873 K and a cooling water temperature of 283 K in air.
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K, Rathidevi, Velmani N, and Tamilselvi D. "Electrical conductivity study of poly(p-anisidine) doped and undoped ZnO nanocomposite." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 5 (December 14, 2019): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc01912071050kr.

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Polymeric blends of Poly (p-anisidine) with ZnO nanoparticles was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization. Zinc oxide doped PPA polymer nanocomposite (ZPPA) and Magnesium doped Zinc oxide PPA polymer nanocomposite (MZPPA) were synthesized with the addition of semiconductor metal oxide to the polymeric solution. The X-ray diffraction studies of ZnO nanoparticles showed hexagonal wurzite structure. The surface morphological study also confirms the formation of hexagonal structured nanoparticles. The peak for Magnesium and Zinc in EDS spectra confirms the formation of Magnesium doped polymer nanocomposite. The addition of ZnO/MgZnO onto PPA conducting polymer showed agglomeration of semiconductor material results in spherical shaped polymer nanocomposite and irregular overlapping over the PPA polymeric surface. The electrochemical conductivity studies suggested that the doped PPA conducting polymeric blends showed enhanced conductivity nature.
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El-Gamal, S., and Adel M. El Sayed. "Physical properties of the organic polymeric blend (PVA/PAM) modified with MgO nanofillers." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 20 (April 2019): 2831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319840802.

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Magnesium oxide/polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide (MgO/PVA/PAM) nanocomposite films were prepared via a solution chemical method. The effect of PVA and MgO nanoparticles (NPs) loading on the physical properties of PAM is discussed. X-ray diffraction reveals that the average MgO crystallite size of the NPs is ∼25 nm, while adding PVA increases the crystallinity of PAM. FTIR spectra confirm the interaction between blend chains and MgO NPs. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms illustrate the miscibility between the PVA and the PAM. The melting temperature, the glass transition, as well as the equilibrium swelling ratio, depend on the films' composition. PAM showed a transmittance of 87%, that increased to 90% after PVA addition, but decreased to 74% after MgO loading. Meaningful changes are observed in the extinction coefficient and indirect/direct band gap of PAM due to PVA blending and MgO addition. The influence of MgO NPs on the dielectric constant ( ɛ′) of the blend film is reported. The maximum value of AC conductivity of the blend is 4.77 × 10−3 Sm−1, which increased to 8.07 × 10−3 Sm−1 by increasing the MgO loading to 5.0 wt.%. The conduction mechanism changed from the correlated barrier hopping, in the blend, to the large Polaron tunneling with MgO loading. The observed improvements in optical properties and AC conductivity encourage the use of these nanocomposite films in the semiconductors industry.
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Hsiao, Chu-Yun, Chuan-Feng Shih, Chih-Hua Chien, and Cheng-Liang Huang. "Textured Magnesium Titanate as Gate Oxide for GaN-Based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitor." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 94, no. 4 (March 4, 2011): 1005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04439.x.

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Guzmán, Manuel, Berta Vega, Núria Agulló, Ulrich Giese, and Salvador Borrós. "ZINC OXIDE VERSUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE REVISITED. PART 1." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3672428.

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Abstract Zinc oxide is a widely used compound in the rubber industry due to the excellent properties that it shows as activator, and consequently, its role in the mechanism of accelerated sulfur vulcanization has been extensively studied. Due to the increased concern about its environmental effects, several research studies have been carried out in order to substitute it with different metal oxides such us MgO. The effect of the activator system in order to minimize the environmental impact of the rubber goods has been explored. The work developed is presented in two parts. In Part 1, the influence of different mixtures of ZnO and MgO on the vulcanization of natural rubber has been investigated. In Part 2, model compound vulcanization has been used to study the role of MgO on the mechanism to gain a better understanding of the differences shown in Part 1.
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Guzmán, Manuel, Berta Vega, Núria Agulló, and Salvador Borrós. "ZINC OXIDE VERSUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE REVISITED. PART 2." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3672429.

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Abstract Zinc oxide is a widely used compound in the rubber industry due to the excellent properties that it shows as an activator and, consequently, its role in the mechanism of accelerated sulfur vulcanization has been extensively studied. Due to the increased concern about its environmental effects, several research studies have been carried out in order to substitute it with different metal oxides such us MgO. The effect of the activator system in order to minimize the environmental impact of the rubber goods has been explored. The work developed is presented in two parts. In Part 1, the influence of different mixtures of ZnO and MgO in the vulcanization of natural rubber has been investigated. In Part 2 of the study, model compound vulcanization has been used to study the role of MgO on the mechanism to gain a better understanding of the differences shown in the first part.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Oxides. Semiconductors"

1

Wang, Chao-Hsiung. "The growth of thin film epitaxial oxide-metal heterostructures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368667.

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Sarpi, Brice. "Etude in-situ de la formation d'oxyde ultra-mince de magnésium sur substrats métalliques et semi-conducteurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4329/document.

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Ce travail de thèse s’est inscrit dans un cadre fondamental d’étude de la formation contrôlée d’oxydes en couches ultra-minces. Un bâti ultra-vide dédié à la croissance contrôlée de ces oxydes et à leur analyse in-situ (STM-STS, AES et LEED) a été développé. Par une méthode originale de phases alternées de dépôt d’une monocouche atomique de Mg et oxydation à RT, les mécanismes impliqués dans la formation de deux systèmes à fort potentiel applicatif : MgO/Si(100) et MgO/Ag(111) ont été étudiés .Le système MgO/Si(100) a révélé la formation d’une couche ultra-mince de Mg2Si à l’interface entre le MgO et le substrat. En bon accord avec les calculs thermodynamiques réalisés, une cristallisation de cette couche interfaciale dans un processus de dissociation partielle du Mg2Si en MgO à température ambiante a été observée. Identifiée ex-situ par TEM, la relation d’épitaxie associée à cette cristallisation a permis de conclure à la formation d’une hétérostructure MgO / Mg2Si (11-1) / Si(001), témoignant d’une grande qualité d’interface avec le silicium et de la formation d’une couche ultra-mince et amorphe de MgO homogène et isolante (gap de 6 eV).Pour le système MgO/Ag(111), nos résultats expérimentaux couplés aux calculs ab initio de nos partenaires du LAAS ont révélé l’absence de formation d’un alliage de surface ainsi qu’une croissance « liquid-like » du magnésium à RT. Un double empilement O/Mg/O/Mg/Ag(111) suivi d’un recuit UHV à 430°C a ensuite permis la stabilisation d’une couche ultra-mince polaire de MgO(111) qui a été caractérisée par LEED et STM-STS. Les propriétés physico-chimiques et origines possibles de stabilité de cet oxyde polaire ont ensuite été discutées
This PhD work was dedicated to studying the fundamental mechanisms driving the controlled growth of ultra-thin oxide films. An experimental set-up was designed to finely control the growth parameters under UHV conditions while allowing the study of such oxide layers in situ with STM-STS, AES and LEED. Using an original method based on alternate cycles of Mg monolayer adsorption and RT oxidation, we focused on the formation of systems exhibiting a wide range of potential applications: MgO/Si(100) and MgO/Ag(111). The MgO/Si(100) system revealed the growth of an ultra-thin Mg2Si layer at the interface between the MgO and the silicon. In agreement with thermodynamic calculations, a crystallization of this interlayer driven by a partial decomposition of the Mg2Si to a MgO oxide was shown to occur at RT. From ex situ TEM experiments, the involved epitaxial relationship highlighted the formation of an MgO / Mg2Si (11-1) / Si(001) heterostructure. A sharp interface with the silicon was formed, as much as an ultra-thin and amorphous MgO layer exhibiting both a good homogeneity and a high insulating character (bandgap of 6 eV).In the MgO/Ag(111) system, no interfacial alloy formation and a « liquid-like » growth for the Mg were evidenced at RT, using our experimental results coupled with the ab initio calculations performed by our co-workers at LAAS laboratory. Later, a double-layering O/Mg/O/Mg/Ag(111) grown at RT followed by UHV annealing at 430°C resulted in the stabilization of a polar MgO(111) ultra-thin film, which was characterized using LEED and STM-STS. The physicochemical properties of this polar oxide and the potential origin of its stability were discussed
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Hentschel, Thomas. "Wachstum und Charakterisierung von Seltenerdoxiden und Magnesiumoxid auf Galliumarsenid-Substraten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17359.

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Die Erzeugung spinpolarisierter Ladungsträger in einem Halbleiter gilt als Grundvoraussetzung zur Realisierung spintronischer Bauelemente. Einen möglichen Ansatz zu deren Realisierung stellen Ferromagnet/Halbleiter(FM/HL)-Hybridstrukturen dar, deren Herstellung jedoch mit einigen Schwierigkeiten verbunden ist. Durch die Vermischung des ferromagnetischen Materials mit dem Halbleiter werden die elektronischen Eigenschaften der Hybridstruktur verändert und die Spininjektionseffizienz stark verringert. Durch das gezielte Einfügen einer dünnen Oxidschicht in den FM/HL-Grenzübergang kann die Diffusion unterdrückt, die Kristallqualität verbessert und die Effizienz der Struktur erhöht werden. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Wachstum und der Charakterisierung dünner Oxidschichten, hergestellt mittels Molekularstrahlepitaxie. Zwei Seltenerdoxide, La2O3 und Lu2O3, werden auf GaAs-Substraten gewachsen und die Kristallqualität der Schichten miteinander verglichen. Mit der Heusler-Legierung Co2FeSi als Injektorschicht wird eine FM/Oxid/HL-Hybridstruktur auf Basis einer La2O3/GaAs(111)B-Struktur realisiert und magnetisch und elektrisch charakterisiert. Ein häufig verwendetes Barrierenmaterial in FM/HL-Hybridstrukturen ist Magnesiumoxid (MgO). In dieser Arbeit werden dünne MgO-Schichten auf GaAs(001) an der PHARAO-Wachstumsanlage am BESSY II erzeugt. Dies geschieht durch getrenntes Verdampfen von metallischem Mg bzw. Einleiten von molekularem Sauerstoff in die Wachstumskammer. Um die Oxidation des Halbleitersubstrats zu verhindern, wird vor dem MgO-Wachstum eine dünne Mg-Schicht abgeschieden. Abhängig von der Dicke dieser Schicht sind zwei in-plane-Orientierungen des MgO relativ zum GaAs kontrolliert einstellbar. Darüber hinaus werden Hybridstrukturen mit Eisen Fe als Injektorschicht und schrittweise erhöhter MgO-Schichtdicke gewachsen. Die Eindiffusion von Fe in das GaAs-Substrat nimmt mit zunehmender MgO-Schichtdicke um mehrere Größenordnungen ab.
The generation of spin-polarized charge carriers in a semiconductor is a basic building block for the implemention of spintronic devices. A feasible approach to their implementation are ferromagnet/semiconductur(FM/SC) hybrid structures, whose fabrication is associated with some issues. The intermixing of the ferromagnetic material with the semiconductor leads to distortion of the electrical properties of the hybrid structure and the spin injection efficiency is reduced. By intentionally inserting a thin oxide layer into the FM/SC interface diffusion can be suppressed while the crystal quality and the spin injection efficiency of the structure are both increased. In this thesis the growth and characterization of thin oxide films fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy are discussed. Two rare earth oxides, La2O3 and Lu2O3, are grown on GaAs substrates and their crystal qualities are compared. Based on La2O3/GaAs(111)B full FM/SC hybrid structures are grown with the Heusler alloy Co2FeSi as injection layer and characterized by magnetic and electrical means. Another material used as a barrier in FM/SC hybrid structures is magnesium oxide (MgO). Here, thin MgO layers are grown on GaAs(001) at the PHARAO system at BESSY II. The growth is conducted by the separated evaporation of metallic Mg and introducing molecular oxygen into the growth chamber. To avoid oxidation of the semiconducting substrate a thin Mg layer is deposited prior to the MgO growth. Depending on the Mg layer thickness two different MgO in-plane orientations can be achieved with respect to the GaAs substrate. Furthermore, FM/SC hybrid structures with iron Fe as injection layer are grown while the MgO layer thickness is increased gradually. The indiffusion of Fe into the GaAs substrate is suppressed by several orders of magnitude with increasing MgO layer thickness.
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El, Hadigui Saïd. "Etude physico-chimique de ceramiques fines (mgtio : :(3), mgtio::(4), yba::(2)cu::(3)o::(x)) prepares par decomposition de precurseurs organometalliques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13075.

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Les 3 methodes de synthese exposees permettent d'abaisser les temperatures de formation des materiaux et d'ameliorer leurs qualites microstructurales. Pour les titanates de mg, l'augmentation de la reactivite des poudres a basse temperature a permis de mettre en evidence la formation intermediaire de phases metastables. On a etabli une correlation etroite entre la granularite des poudres et leur bonne densification lors du frittage. Pour le supraconducteur yba::(2)cu::(3)o::(x), la synthese par voie carboxylique permet d'abaisser la temperature de reaction et de conduire a des poudres peu agglomerees, a morphologie controlee et a granulometrie plus faible. On a etudie l'influence de divers parametres sur le frittage et les proprietes physiques de la ceramique
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Alquier-Villepelet, Cécile. "Syntheses et proprietes des gels d'oxyde de niobium." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066019.

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On etudie le procede sol-gel applique au niobium v sous divers aspects. On ameliore les synthese et proprietes physiques des gels. On etudie les gels et oxydes amorphes obtenus par analyse chimique et thermique, diffraction rx, spectrocopies ir, raman et exafs. On etudie les proprietes et applications potentielles: fabrication de ceramiques linbo::(3) et pb(nb2/3 mg1/3)o::(3), avec abaissement de la temperature de frittage et obtention de grains homogenes monodisperses, mesure de la conductivite ionique dans les xerogels hydrates, proprietes optiques(photochromie)
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Chang, Chia Lun, and 張家綸. "The Investigation of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Sensing Membrane in Electrolyte-Insulator-Semiconductor(EIS) Applications." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14487331043085648397.

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Books on the topic "Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Oxides. Semiconductors"

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P, Shapiro A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Magnesium-aluminum-zirconium oxide amorphous ternary composite: A dense and stable optical coating. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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P, Shapiro A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Magnesium-aluminum-zirconium oxide amorphous ternary composite: A dense and stable optical coating. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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P, Shapiro A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Magnesium-aluminum-zirconium oxide amorphous ternary composite: A dense and stable optical coating. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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P, Shapiro A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Magnesium-aluminum-zirconium oxide amorphous ternary composite: A dense and stable optical coating. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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S, Jacobson Nathan, Miller Robert A, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Thermal-mechanical stability of single crystal oxide refractive concentrators for high-temperature solar thermal propulsion. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1999.

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S, Jacobson Nathan, Miller Robert A, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Thermal-mechanical stability of single crystal oxide refractive concentrators for high-temperature solar thermal propulsion. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1999.

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S, Jacobson Nathan, Miller Robert A, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Thermal-mechanical stability of single crystal oxide refractive concentrators for high-temperature solar thermal propulsion. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1999.

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Thermal-mechanical stability of single crystal oxide refractive concentrators for high-temperature solar thermal propulsion. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Oxides. Semiconductors"

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Adachi, Sadao. "Magnesium Oxide (MgO)." In Optical Constants of Crystalline and Amorphous Semiconductors, 411–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5247-5_31.

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Ardelean, Hélène, Isabelle Frateur, and Philippe Marcus. "Corrosion Protection of Magnesium Alloys by Ce, Zr and Nb oxide layers." In Passivation of Metals and Semiconductors, and Properties of Thin Oxide Layers, 225–30. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452224-5/50037-8.

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Hara, Nobuyoshi, Daisuke Kagaya, and Noboru Akao. "Ellipsometric Analysis of Growth Process of Oxidation Films on Magnesium and its Alloys in Neutral Aqueous Solutions." In Passivation of Metals and Semiconductors, and Properties of Thin Oxide Layers, 217–23. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452224-5/50036-6.

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Sofi, Ashaq Hussain, Shabir Ahmad Akhoon, Jaffar Farooq Mir, and Mehraj Ud Din Rather. "Magnesium Oxide (MgO)." In Applications of Nanomaterials in Agriculture, Food Science, and Medicine, 98–105. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5563-7.ch005.

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Bacterial contamination is an unusual menace for human well-being. Nanotechnology proposes diverse techniques to nurture new inorganic antibacterial agents. Nano-inorganic metal oxides possess an auspicious potential to diminish bacterial effluence. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a significant inorganic oxide and has been widely employed in numerous arenas such as catalysis, ceramics, toxic waste remediation, antibacterial activity, and as an additive in paint and superconductor products by virtue of its distinctive properties. Numerous studies have shown that magnesium oxide nanostructures possess remarkable antibacterial activity. Therefore, in this direction, few synthesis methods such as hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, etc., antibacterial activity, and antibacterial mechanisms of magnesium oxide nanostructures have been incorporated in this chapter.
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C.A. Silva, Anielle, Eliete A. Alvin, Francisco R.A. dos Santos, Samanta L.M. de Matos, Jerusa M. de Oliveira, Alessandra S. Silva, Éder V. Guimarães, et al. "Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Development and Applications." In Nanocrystals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96753.

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This chapter aims to show significant progress that our group has been developing and the applications of several doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), as nanopowders or embedded in glass systems. Depending on the type of dopant incorporated in the nanocrystals, the physical, chemical, and biological properties can be intensified. However, it can also generate undesired toxic effects that can potentially compromise its use. Here we present the potential of zinc oxide NCs doped with silver (Ag), gold (Au), and magnesium (Mg) ions to control bacterial diseases in agriculture. We have also performed biocompatibility analysis of the pure and Ag-doped sodium titanate (Na2Ti3O7) NCs in Drosophila. The doped nanocrystals embedded in glassy systems are chrome (Cr) or copper (Cu) in ZnTe and Bi2Te3 NCs for spintronic development nanodevices. Therefore, we will show several advantages that doped nanocrystals may present in the technological and biotechnological areas.
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Bunker, Bruce C., and William H. Casey. "Solvated Ions in Water." In The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199384259.003.0009.

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In most undergraduate chemistry classes, students are taught to consider reactions in which cations and anions dissolved in water are depicted as isolated ions. For example, the magnesium ion is depicted as Mg2+, or at best Mg2+(aq). For anions, these descriptions may be adequate (if not accurate). However, for cations, these abbreviations almost always fail to describe the critical chemical attributes of the dissolved species. A much more meaningful description of Mg2+ dissolved in water is [Mg(H2O)6]2+, because Mg2+ in water does not behave like a bare Mg2+ ion, nor do the waters coordinated to the Mg2+ behave anything like water molecules in the bulk fluid. In many respects, the [Mg(H2O)6]2+ ion acts like a dissolved molecular species. In this chapter, we discuss the simple solvation of anions and cations as a prelude to exploring more complex reactions of soluble oxide precursors called hydrolysis products. The two key classes of water–oxide reactions introduced here are acid–base and ligand exchange. First, consider how simple anions modify the structure and properties of water. As discussed in Chapter 3, water is a dynamic and highly fluxional “oxide” containing transient rings and clusters based on tetrahedral oxygen anions held together by linear hydrogen bonds. Simple halide ions can insert into this structure by occupying sites that would normally be occupied by other water molecules because they have radii (ranging from 0.13 to 0.22 nm in the series from F− to I−) that are comparable to that of the O2− ion (0.14 nm). Such substitution is clearly seen in the structures of ionic clathrate hydrates, where the anion can replace one and sometimes even two water molecules. Larger anions can also replace water molecules within clathrate hydrate cages. For example, carboxylate hydrate structures incorporate the carboxylate group within the water framework whereas the hydrophobic hydrocarbon “tails” occupy a cavity within the water framework, as in methane hydrate (see Chapter 3). Water molecules form hydrogen bonds to dissolved halide ions just as they can to other water molecules, as designated by OH−Y−.
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Fontani, Marco, Mariagrazia Costa, and Mary Virginia Orna. "The Forerunners of Celtium and Hafnium: Ostranium, Norium, Jargonium, Nigrium, Euxenium, Asium, and Oceanium." In The Lost Elements. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199383344.003.0012.

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Of the naturally occurring nonradioactive elements, hafnium was the next to last to be discovered, preceding the discovery of rhenium by 3 years. It can boast of holding a very strange record: the number of claims for its discovery over the years is unequaled by any other element. This record was the cause of frustration for many scientists who, over the years, took turns in attempts to isolate it. The reason that hafnium remained undiscovered until 1922 lay not so much in that its presence in nature (long known to be quite scarce) wasn’t looked for, but in its peculiar chemical properties that bound it up intimately with zirconium. Toward the end of the 18th century, Martin Heinrich Klaproth melted some forms of yellow-green and red zirconium with sodium hydroxide and then digested the residue several times with hydrochloric and sulfuric acids to eliminate the extraneous silicon. The solution, thought to contain a number of elements, produced, upon addition of potassium carbonate, a generous precipitate. The oxide that Klaproth collected did not seem to belong to any known substance, and he called it terra zirconia. With the passing of the years, he and many other chemists, among them the renowned Jons Jacob Berzelius, determined the elemental composition of zircon and of its correlative minerals. Far from being simply ZrSiO4, zircon contained traces of iron, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, lead, bismuth, manganese, lithium, sodium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and uranium and small amounts of the rare earths. Some impurities persistently resisted separation from zirconium oxide or zirconia and were taken erroneously for oxides of new elements (new earths). In 1825, Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt (1791–1873) reported the presence of a new element, ostranium, isolated from ostranite, a mineral similar to zircon. Twenty years later, the Swedish chemist, mineralogist, and metallurgist Lars Fredrik Svanberg (1805–78) announced the discovery of a new element. In his publication of 1845, he asserted that the zirconium oxide obtained from a variety of Siberian, Norwegian, and Indian zircon samples was in reality composed of two earths: one, zirconia, already noted, and another unknown earth.
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Conference papers on the topic "Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Oxides. Semiconductors"

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Hartke, R., E. Heumann, and G. Huber. "Magnesium-oxide Doped PPLN for Intracavity Frequency Doubling of Semiconductor Disk Lasers." In Advanced Solid-State Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assp.2007.tub14.

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Faucett, David C., and Sung R. Choi. "Strength Degradation of Oxide/Oxide and SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites in CMAS and CMAS/Salt Exposures." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46771.

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CMAS (Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminosilicate) has shown to induce some deleterious effects on yittria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of hot section components of aeroengines. The effects were shown to be dependent on the types and operating conditions of engines/components. The work presented here explored how CMAS would affect ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in terms of strength degradation. Four different, gas-turbine grade CMCs were utilized including two types of MI SiC/SiCs and other two types of oxides/oxides (N720/aluminisilicate and N720/alumina). Test specimens in a simple flexure configuration were CMAS-treated at 1200 °C in air under either isothermal or thermal cycling condition. The effects of CMAS were quantified via residual strengths of treated test specimens. Strength degradation with respect to as-received strengths ranged from 10 to 20% depending on the types of CMCs. It was further observed that significant degradation of strength up to 90% occurred in an oxide/oxide CMC when sodium sulfate was added to CMAS.
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Uddin, Ghulam Moeen, Bing Sun, Katherine Ziemer, Abe Zeid, and Sagar Kamarthi. "Monte Carlo Study of the Molecular Beam Epitaxy Process for Manufacturing Iron Oxide Nano Scale Films and Similarities With Magnesium Oxide Films." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65570.

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Functional properties of thin film metal oxides depend upon their stoichiometric and structural uniformity. Controlling the film deposition process can help tune the functionality of these films by ensuring the control over chemistry and structure of the films. The high volume manufacturing of functional devices will benefit from the development of reliable control models developed from research efforts in designing robust manufacturing processes. The use of neural networks as computer models to simulate the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of iron oxide thin films is presented in this work. Monte Carlo experiments are used to study the sensitivities and significances of process control variables to the stoichiometric performance indicators. Moreover, we also explore the relationship between growth dynamics of iron oxide (Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and mixed FexOy) and magnesium oxide (MgO) thin films. The common metal adsorption controlled growth mechanism of two films with different structural and stoichiometric complexities were observed and the similarities among the trends of analogous stoichiometric indicators at comparable metal arrival rates of the two films are presented. The dependence of undesirable bonding states of iron and magnesium metals with the film thicknesses was also observed in both processes. The commonalities suggest the potential to use of neural network assisted Monte Carlo analysis to link common atomic-level mechanisms to processing variables in one nano-scale system and use them to predict some level of behavior in other nanoscale processes with similar atomic-level mechanisms.
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Uddin, Ghulam Moeen, Katherine Ziemer, Abe Zeid, and Sagar Kamarthi. "Study of Lattice Strain Propagation in Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Nano Scale Magnesium Oxide Thin Film on 6H-SiC Substrates Using Neural Network Computer Models." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87015.

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Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a candidate for interface layer application in multifunctional heterostructures. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of MgO on 6H-SiC is studied for effective integration of functional oxides. In this research we present the neural network assisted design of experiment (DOE) analysis of the crystalline structure of MgO films grown over 6H-SiC substrates. Based on reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) characterization of the MgO (111) films grown we present the DOE analyses of the strain propagation in two different orientations (110 and 112) during growth process with respect to growth time, substrate temperature, magnesium source temperature, plasma intensity and percentage oxygen on the starting surface of 6H-SiC substrates. We conducted constant substrate temperature (150°C) and constant plasma intensity (350mV) analyses to quantify the relation between lattice strains in <110> and <112> directions. The constant plasma intensity analysis reveals that the growth propagates in a tensile strain mode for well reconstructed SiC surface. However, excessive oxygen on the SiC surface causes the lattice of MgO twist due to tensile strain as seen from the <110> direction and compressive strain in <112> direction. In constant substrate temperature analysis we found that the principal tensile strain inducing variable in <110> direction is growth time and the strain continues to increase as the film grows thicker. However, in <112> direction the optimum plasma intensity is critical to maintain the optimum strain in the film structure.
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Sappok, Alexander, Sean Munnis, and Victor W. Wong. "Individual and Synergistic Effects of Lubricant Additive Components on Diesel Particulate Filter Ash Accumulation and Performance." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81237.

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The current CJ-4 oil specification places a limit on the oil’s sulfated ash content of 1.0% to reduce the build-up of lubricant-derived ash in the diesel particulate filter (DPF). Lubricant additives, specifically detergents and anti-wear additives, contribute to most of the sulfated ash content in the oil and ash accumulation in the DPF, and hence are studied with increasing interest in the optimization of the combined engine-oil-aftertreatment system. However, characteristics of ash deposits found in the particulate filter, which are affected by a number of parameters, differ markedly from those of the ASTM-method defined sulfated ash. In addition, ash characteristics and effects on DPF performance vary substantially among the different metallic base in the additives, specifically calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Through a series of carefully-controlled tests with specially-formulated lubricant additives, this work quantified the individual and combined effects of the most common detergent and anti-wear additives on the ash properties which directly influence DPF pressure drop. The results show that different lubricant additive formulations (Ca, Zn, Mg) produce profound differences in DPF pressure drop. It was found that DPF ash is a complex mixture of metals (Ca, Zn, Mg) in the form of sulfates, phosphates, and oxides. These ash compounds each have unique physical properties, which affect DPF pressure drop differently. In particular, ash containing calcium sulfate compounds resulted in an increase in filter pressure drop by over a factor of two, relative to the same amount of ash composed only of zinc phosphate or magnesium oxide compounds, at the same ash loading in the DPF. In addition, synergistic effects due to specific additive combinations were also explored and showed significant differences in ash composition and degree of exhaust flow restriction imposed by the ash resulting from specific additive combinations, as opposed to the individual additives themselves. Results are useful not only for lubricant formulators to design oils for improved aftertreatment system compatibility, but also to understand the practical effects of ash in the DPF in relation to the standardized sulfated ash definition in the lubricant specification.
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Rokni, Emad, Hsun Hsien Chi, and Yiannis A. Levendis. "In-Furnace Sulfur Capture by Co-Firing Coal With Alkali-Based Sorbents." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65549.

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Over the last quarter of a century, since the 1990 US Clean Air Act Amendments were enacted the gaseous sulfur emission, in the form of sulfur dioxide, have been reduced [1] by a factor of 4, by switching to lower sulfur content coals, installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sorbents or switching altogether to natural gas as a fuel. Penetration of alternative energy generation also has had a positive impact. However, current emissions of sulfur dioxide are still voluminous, amounting to 3,242,000 short tons annually in the USA [2]. As wet flue gas desulfurization is both real-estate- and capital-intensive, infurnace dry sorbent injection has been considered over the years to be a viable alternative. However there is still uncertainty on the best selection of the sorbents for particular coals and furnace operating conditions. This is particularly the case when it is economically attractive for the power-plant operator to burn locally-sourced high-sulfur coal, such as the case of Illinois bituminous coals. This manuscript presents experimental results on the reduction of sulfur oxide emissions from combustion of a high-sulfur content pulverized bituminous coal (Illinois #6 Macoupin). The coal particles were in the size range of 90–125 μm and were blended with dry calcium-, sodium-, potassium-, and magnesium-containing powdered sorbents at different proportions. The alkali/S molar ratios were chosen to be at stoichiometric proportions (Ca/S = 1, Mg/S = 1, Na2/S = 2, and K2/S = 2) and the effectiveness of each alkali or alkali earth based sorbent was evaluated separately. Combustion of coal took place in a drop-tube furnace, electrically-heated to 1400 K under fuel-lean conditions. The evolution of combustion effluent gases, such as NOx, SO2 and CO2 were monitored and compared among the different sorbent cases. The use of these sorbents helps to resolve the potential of different alkali metals for effective in-furnace sulfur oxide capture and possible NOx reduction. It also assesses the effectiveness of various chemical compounds of the alkalis, such as oxides, carbonates, peroxides and acetates.
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Narayanan, Badri K., Lisa McFadden, M. J. Mills, and Marie A. Quintana. "Characterization of Weld Metal Deposited With a Self Shielded Flux Cored Electrode for Pipeline Girth Welds and Offshore Structures." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31406.

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Pipeline girth welds deposited with a self-shielded flux cored electrode process (FCAW-S) have been characterized to assess the effect of micro-alloying elements on microstructure and precipitate evolution and correlate it to strength and toughness. A 2.0 mm diameter electrode was used to deposit weld metal in a 12.7 mm thick API grade X-70 pipe joint. The weld metal properties were characterized and shown to overmatch the pipe. The DBTT of the weld metal has been determined through Charpy V-Notch toughness measurements. The effect of heat input and welding procedure has been assessed over a range of heat inputs (1–1.5 kJ/mm.). The effect of dilution from the base plate on toughness has been assessed by measuring the sensitivity of weld metal toughness to changes in carbon content. The as-welded region of the weld has been characterized using different characterization techniques. Ferritic weld metal deposited with a self-shielded arc welding process has intentional additions of aluminum, magnesium, titanium and zirconium. This results in a complex precipitation process that has been characterized with a combination of electron microscopy techniques. The effect of micro-alloying additions on the variant selection during the austenite to ferrite transformation and microstructure evolution has been studied with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) in conjunction with orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the precipitate evolution in these welds. The evidence shows that the formation of a spinel oxide is critical for the nucleation of nitrides of zirconium and titanium and prevents the agglomeration of aluminum rich oxides and the formation of large aluminum nitrides. The evolution of precipitate formation is critical to limit large inclusions and improve weld metal toughness. The presence of titanium and zirconium increases the fraction of high angle grain boundaries within the microstructure resulting in increased resistance to crack propagation. The characterization of the microstructures at two different carbon contents indicates the greater propensity to form twin related variants with increase in carbon content. This suggests a lower transformation temperature of austenite and may be the reason for poor toughness.
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