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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic lens'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Shimizu, H. M., T. Oku, H. Sato, et al. "A magnetic neutron lens." Physica B: Condensed Matter 276-278 (March 2000): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)01326-5.

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2

Konvalina, I., and I. Müllerová. "Properties of the cathode lens combined with a focusing magnetic/immersion-magnetic lens." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 645, no. 1 (2011): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.232.

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3

Nagata, F., T. Shimotsu, C. Tsuruta, and M. Kubozoe. "Observation of magnetic domain in magnetic disk." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176939.

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A technological key to successful development of high-density magnetic disk lies in how to prevent mutual interference between adjacent bits i.e. how to provide narrower and simpler configulation of magnetic domain. Development of observation technique of finer magnetic domain, therefore, has been strongly required. Lorentz microscopy is one of the most promising method. Some studies have been made to observe recorded magnetic thin films.The purpose of the present investigation is to develop high resolution Lorentz microscopy(out of focus method) for investigation of recorded magnetic disk.Hig

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4

H. Ahmed, Emad, and Adnan K. Hasan. "Performance and Analysis of a Designed Magnetic Lens for Microscopic Applications." Journal of Physical Science 33, no. 2 (2022): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jps2022.33.2.8.

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The magnetic lens (magnetic field lens) uses a magnetic field rather than an equipotential plane. This work presents a modelling of the design of a focused magnetic lens. Its main purpose is to reveal the possibility of this lens to eliminate aberrations and to determine the extent of its potential to be included in the design of electron microscopes and electron beam melting systems. This work was accomplished by using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The magnetic lens was tested to determine the possibility of its inclusion in electron microscopes by changing the bore radius from 1 t

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Aljibory, Jinan A., and R. Y. J. AL-Salih. "Comparison Between the Properties of Three New Designs of Pinhole Magnetic Lens." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 29, no. 1 (2024): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v29i1.1515.

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Three different new designs of an objective pinhole lens were compared. Their magnetic and optical properties were studied using Finite Element Method for Calculating Magnetic Field Distribution (FEM-CMFD) and Magnetic Electron Lens Optical Properties (MELOP) software. The focal length (fo), spherical aberration (Cs), chromatic aberration (Cc), and the resolving power (δ) of each lens were compared at a range of relatively corrected acceleration voltages (Vr = 100 V-100 kV) and a constant excitation of (NI = 5280 A-t (where A represents Ampere and t represents turn)) and current density (2 A/m

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6

Chichkine, V., A. Winkler, K. H. Behr, et al. "Strong pulsed magnetic quadrupole lens." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 12, no. 1 (2002): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2002.1018497.

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7

Lilly, Simon J. "Magnetic fields under the lens." Nature Astronomy 1, no. 9 (2017): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0230-1.

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8

Roberts, J. P. "PAMELA through a magnetic lens." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2011, no. 02 (2011): 029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/02/029.

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9

Wadhwa, Sagar, Mazin Jouda, Yongbo Deng, Omar Nassar, Dario Mager, and Jan G. Korvink. "Topologically optimized magnetic lens for magnetic resonance applications." Magnetic Resonance 1, no. 2 (2020): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-225-2020.

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Abstract. Improvements to the signal-to-noise ratio of magnetic resonance detection lead to a strong reduction in measurement time, yet as a sole optimization goal for resonator design, it would be an oversimplification of the problem at hand. Multiple constraints, for example for field homogeneity and sample shape, suggest the use of numerical optimization to obtain resonator designs that deliver the intended improvement. Here we consider the 2D Lenz lens to be a sufficiently broadband flux transforming interposer between the sample and a radiofrequency (RF) circuit and to be a flexible and e

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10

AL-Salih, Rafa Y. J., and Mohammed K. A. AL-Janan. "Design and Studying the Effect of Inner Bore Diameter of Unipolar Lens." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 33, no. 3 (2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i3.1140.

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This work investigated the development of magnetic and optical properties and the invention of a previously unused lens. Many new designs have been suggested for a unipolar magnetic lens based on changing the width of the inner bore and fixing the other geometrical parameters of the lens to improve the performance of unipolar magnetic lenses. The investigation of a study of each design included the calculation of its axial magnetic field the magnetization of the lens in addition to the magnetic flux density using Finite Element Method (FEM). it was found that the best magnetizing properties, t

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11

Faiz Abd Alghane, Basma, and Ahmad K. Ahmad. "Design of Symmetric Magnetic Lenses with Optimum Operational Conditions." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 24, no. 1 (2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.1.06.

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In the present paper, the geometrical and optical object properties of symmetrical magnetic lens are designed and analyzed using the electron optical design (EOD) program. The effect of the axial aperture diameter (D), the air gap between the poles (s), the thickness of the poles (t), the excitation parameter NI of the lens are all studied for the best optical properties like the object focal length fo, the spherical and chromatic aberrations coefficients (Cs and Cc respectively). It was found that the optical properties of the object significantly improved with a decrease in the axial apertur

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12

Sheng Li’na, 盛丽娜, 宋明涛 Song Mingtao, 姚庆高 Yao Qinggao, 吴巍 Wu Wei, and 张金泉 Zhang Jinquan. "Design of axially symmetric magnetic lens." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22, no. 1 (2010): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20102201.0149.

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13

Edgcombe, C. J., A. R. Lupini, and J. H. Taylor. "Robust optimization for magnetic lens design." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 427, no. 1-2 (1999): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(98)01537-x.

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14

Alamir, A. S. A. "Ultimate performance of objective magnetic lens." Ultramicroscopy 101, no. 2-4 (2004): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.05.011.

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15

Barbic, Mladen, and Axel Scherer. "Nanomagnetic Planar Magnetic Resonance Microscopy “Lens”." Nano Letters 5, no. 4 (2005): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0501260.

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16

Zhukov, V. A., E. N. Kotlikov, and V. D. Gelever. "A double-gap planar magnetic lens." Technical Physics 44, no. 8 (1999): 990–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1259421.

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17

Trejbal, Z., V. Bejšovec, J. S̆tursa, and P. Hanc̆l. "Magnetic multi-lens focusing optical system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 370, no. 2-3 (1996): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00997-3.

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18

Volkov, V. V., and Y. Zhu. "In-Situ Tem Dynamic Magnetizing Experiments Used To Identify The Pinning Centers In Hard Magnets Re13.75fe80.25b6 (Re=Nd, Pr)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013428.

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The new JEOL 3000F high resolution electron microscope at BNL has been optimized for Lorentz imaging. The necessary field-free environment around the sample is obtained by switching off the objective lens in the free-lens control mode, and the associated reduction in magnification is compensated for by a Gatan post-column image filter (GIF) at ∼ 20x magnification. Fresnel imaging is obtained by defocusing with objective mini-lens (OM). The use of low angle diffraction with an aperture located at the back focal plane makes it possible to obtain Foucault images.In-situTEM dynamic magnetizing exp

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19

Hirayama, T., Q. Ru, T. Tanji, and A. Tonomura. "Application of electron holography to material science studies on magnetic domain states of small particles." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150976.

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The observation of small magnetic materials is one of the most important applications of electron holography to material science, because interferometry by means of electron holography can directly visualize magnetic flux lines in a very small area. To observe magnetic structures by transmission electron microscopy it is important to control the magnetic field applied to the specimen in order to prevent it from changing its magnetic state. The easiest method is tuming off the objective lens current and focusing with the first intermediate lens. The other method is using a low magnetic-field le

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20

Othman, Emad Abdul-majeed, and Mohammed A. Hussein. "Effect of the Outer Pole Length on the Optical Properties in Gemini Lens." International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (2023): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajse/v10i2/iajse1012.

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In order to get some of the most important optical and geometrical properties of scanning electron microscope lens, Such as focal length, lens aberration (spherical and chromatic aberration), Axial magnetic field distribution, trajectory of the electron beam, diameter of the electron probe in this work. A computer programs used to achieve the results in objective lens which called Gemini lens.by changing the outer pole length of lens to get a better optical property. The results under constant lens excitation (NI=1000 A-t) and accelerating voltage (Vr=8 KV) are (f=3.93mm, Cs=2.59mm, Cc=2.87mm)

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21

Abbas, Saadi R. "Predicting of Asymptotic Properties of Magnetic Lens Using Analytical Potential Function." NeuroQuantology 18, no. 2 (2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2020.18.2.nq20132.

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22

Lee, Jin Yi, Ji Seoung Hwang, Se Ho Choi, and Jae Kyoo Lim. "Detection Probability Improvement for Nondestructive Evaluation Using a Magnetic Camera." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.241.

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It is important to estimate the intensity distribution of a magnetic field as a possible magnetic method in an industrial nondestructive evaluation application. A magnetic camera provides the distribution of a quantitative magnetic field with homogeneous lift-off and same spatial resolution. Magnetic flux leakage near a crack on the specimen can be amplified by using a 3- dimensional magnetic fluid, that is to say a magnetic lens. This study introduces the experimental consideration of the effects of magnetic lenses for concentrating of magnetic flux. The experimental results showed that the m

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23

Rafa Y. J. Al-Salih. "The Influence of Bores Diameter on the SEM's Objective Lens Properties." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 23, no. 2 (2023): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v23i2.658.

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In a previous study, a new design of a magnetic objective lens had been chosen among five new designs as the preferred one. Both of the iron shroud and polepiece bore diameters of the preselected lens have been changed and studied in this work to improve its magnetic and optical properties. An extensive investigation has been done to analyze the magnetic field distribution, magnetic flux density, and optical properties for each model using the finite element method (FEM) with the computer-aided programs. All the analyses have been carried out at the same coil excitation (NI = 10 kA.t). The new

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24

Wu, Shi-Hua, Gui-Ping Zhu, and Hu-Lin Huang. "Numerical Investigation on Magnetically Actuated Tunable Micro Liquid Lens." MATEC Web of Conferences 306 (2020): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030602007.

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In this paper, magnetically actuated tunable liquid lens is fundamentally studied to have further potential application scope in research, industrial, aeronautical and astronautical areas. The magnetic field, which is generated by a magnetic potential applied to the permanent magnet domain, distributes non-uniformly in the computational domain and generates magnetic field force to obtain the deformation of the ferrofluid droplet. Consequently, the light-transmitting droplet deforms due to direct contact with the ferrofluid droplet by a connecting channel. The combined effects of gravitational,

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25

Monzon, Cesar. "A non-structured subwavelength near-field microwave lens." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2114 (2009): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0381.

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This paper proposes a super resolution near-field radio frequency focusing device consisting of a thin planar layer of a particular ferrite characterized by negative permeability. Radiation focusing is investigated and it is established that the resulting non-structured lens is characterized by a resolving power 2–3 times the lens thickness, regardless of the wavelength. The resulting near field lens can be used as a magnetic field device for imaging inside non-magnetic objects.

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26

Mohammed, Mahdi Ahmed. "A study of Glaser's Ball – Shaped Magnetic Lens under the Effect of Current Density." Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine 3, no. 1 (2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/jwsm.92.

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A computational investigation has been carried out on the design and properties of Glaser's lens. The limiting factor in magnetic lens design is the current density that can be supported by the coil. The current density was used as parameters of the magnetic lens design. These parameters were studied for finding the minimum spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients. The computed aberration has been normalized in term of focal length under zero magnification condition.

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27

Miyazoe, Akihisa, Ryoji Nakagawa, Chishin Hori, Hideki Tanaka, and Yukinobu Imamura. "Temporal Stabilization of Magnetic Flux Focused by Superconducting Magnetic Lens." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 28, no. 3 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2017.2775625.

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28

Albosta, R., B. Geiger, G. McKee, et al. "Design study of an edge current density diagnostic using new high-performance single-channel beam emission spectrometers at DIII-D." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (2022): 113546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101781.

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A novel Motional Stark Effect spectroscopy system has been designed for application at the DIII-D tokamak. The system is optimized for studies of the poloidal and toroidal magnetic field in the plasma pedestal region with frame rates of up to 10 kHz. Light from an existing high-photon-throughput collection lens is analyzed using four single-channel f/2.8 Czerny–Turner spectrometers that use custom-made lens systems instead of mirrors. Each spectrometer has two separate outgoing legs and is operated in a positive grating order, which allows for simultaneous observations of D-alpha and D-beta sp

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29

AL-Salih, Rafa Y. J., Hana Essa Jasim, and Hafsa Yakdan Ismaeel. "Study of the Effect of the Geometry of the Inner Pole Arm of a Bipolar Lens." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 33, no. 3 (2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i3.1143.

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Several innovative designs were designed for magnetic lenses, a bipolar lens with innovative and different geometric shapes, where the outer Inner pole side of the iron shroud, which is symbolized by the symbol (L), was changed. 2,4,6 A/mm2) and after it was designed, the engineering parameters were studied in terms of magnetic properties, i.e., calculating the magnetic flux density with different current densities, and then studying the optical properties in terms of spherical aberration as well as chromatic aberration. Which made slight changes to the magnetic and optical properties of the b

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30

Landers, David, Ian Clancy, Dieter Weber, Rafal Dunin-Borkowski, and Andrew Stewart. "Ray-Tracing Electrons through a Magnetic Lens." Microscopy and Microanalysis 28, S1 (2022): 2958–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927622011084.

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31

NARASIMHA, D., and S. M. CHITRE. "LARGE SCALE MAGNETIC FIELDS IN LENS GALAXIES." Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society 37, no. 5 (2004): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/jkas.2004.37.5.355.

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32

Melnikov, A. A., and O. D. Potapkin. "On electron movement through magnetic electron lens." Physics Procedia 1, no. 1 (2008): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2008.07.098.

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33

Furlani, E. P. "Analysis of a sintered NdFeB magnetic lens." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 134, no. 1 (1994): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)90081-7.

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34

Wall, M., S. Bajt, and C. Cerjan. "Modification Of a Conventional TEM (CTEM) for Lorentz Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600022078.

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We have modified a CTEM in order to perform Lorentz microscopy experiments at high magnification and resolution on magnetic materials. The modification consists of the adaptation of a second side entry goniometer (SEG) to the CTEM (JEOL 200CX STEM) column above the objective lens, in a region of the column where the measured residual magnetic fields are < 0.5 Gauss with the objective lens in a fully excited state (see Figure 1).With the specimen positioned above the objective lens, it is necessary to increase the excitation of the lens by approximately 20% in order to bring the image into f

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35

Liao Yubo, 廖昱博, 龙井华 Long Jinghua, 蔡厚智 Cai Houzhi, 雷云飞 Lei Yunfei, and 刘进元 Liu Jinyuan. "Spatial resolution performance comparison of magnetic double-lens and single-lens framing tubes." Infrared and Laser Engineering 46, no. 5 (2017): 520002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201746.0520002.

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36

Mankos, Marian, J. M. Cowley, R. V. Chamberlin, M. Scheinfein, and J. D. Ayers. "STEM of order and dynamics in novel magnetic materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1026–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150964.

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The new detection system of the HB5 STEM enables the operation of the microscope in a variety of modes. If the specimen is placed inside the objective lens, high resolution bright and dark field images revealing the microstructure can be obtained. Since the specimen is located in a high magnetic field, magnetic ordering phenomena are disturbed and no magnetic structure contrast is observed. In the out-of-field position, magnetic structure may be revealed in the Fresnel and Differential Phase Contrast modes of Lorentz Microscopy. Fresnel images are obtained with a static beam, i.e. the scanning

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37

Mita, M., T. Nokuo, T. Yanagihara, K. Ogura, M. Iwatsuki, and C. Nielsen. "Development of Multi-Purpose Thermal Field Emission SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 876–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030452.

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Past FE-SEM could obtain a high resolution image, however its probe current was not sufficiently strong enough for analytical purpose.We have developed a multi-purpose thermal field emission scanning electron microscope (JSM- 6500F), in which a new designed “In-Lens Thermal FEG” is installed.Fig. 1 shows a cross section images of the In-Lens Thermal FEG, comparing with the past FEG. The In-Lens Thermal FEG consists of the thermal FEG and the 1st condenser lens. The emitter is located in the magnetic field produced by the 1st condenser lens, so that electrons emitted from the emitter are conden

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38

Melnyk, Igor, Sergey Tugay, Volodymyr Kyryk, and Iryna Shved. "Methods and algorithm for calculating the focal parameters of a hollow conical electron beam in high-voltage glow discharge electron guns with a focusing magnetic lens." System research and information technologies, no. 3 (November 18, 2021): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2021.3.02.

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The algorithm is considered for calculating the focal distance of a hollow conical electron beam generated by high-voltage glow discharge electron guns with magnetic focusing of the beam in the drift region, as well as a method for calculating the diameter of the focal ring and its thickness for such a beam. The proposed algorithm is based on the theory of electron drift in the field of a focusing magnetic lens and is designed using the methods of discrete mathematics and the minimax analysis. The obtained simulation results made it possible to establish the influence of the magnetic lens curr

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39

Fatma N. Gaafer. "Reduce spherical aberration of doublet of combined quadrupole lenses (rectangular model)." Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine 5, no. 1 (2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/jwsm.173.

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The optimization calculations are made to find the optimum properties of doublet of combined quadrupole lens consist of electrostatic and magnetic lenses to produce reduce spherical aberration lens. The rectangular model is used and finds the properties of lens as the magnification and aberration coefficient. To find the optimum value of spherical aberration coefficient, the effect of both the excitation parameter of the lens, distance between of lenses and the effective wave length of the lens as active parameter to get the optimization.

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40

Miyokawa, T., H. Kazumori, S. Nakagawa, and C. Nielsen. "Ultra-high resolution SEMI-in-lens type FE-SEM, JSM-6320F, with strong magnetic-field lens with built-in secondary-electron detector." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170153.

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We have developed a strongly excited objective lens with a built-in secondary electron detector to provide ultra-high resolution images with high quality at low to medium accelerating voltages. The JSM-6320F is a scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with this lens and an incident beam divergence angle control lens (ACL).The objective lens is so strongly excited as to have peak axial Magnetic flux density near the specimen surface (Fig. 1). Since the speciien is located below the objective lens, a large speciien can be accomodated. The working distance (WD) with respect to the acceler

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41

Chen, Ergang, and Chongjun Mu. "Experimental Study on Correction of Spherical Aberration in Electro-Magnetic Round Lens." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (1990): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179920.

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As we know that the spherical aberration in a round electromagnetic lens can not be eliminated. Therefor,the correcting of such aberration is an important subject to improve the ultimate resolution of electron microscopes and the performance of other electron optical instruments, such as electron beam manufactureing machines, electron lithographic machine etc.A combination of quadrupoles and octupoles which was proposed by Scherzer is a reasonable way to correct this aberration, but it has been proved practically unsuccessful. Crewe suggested that the sextu-pole elements could be used as a dev

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42

Ishizuka, K., and K. Shirota. "Lens-field axis alignment: a new objective lens alignment for high-resolution Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136465.

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Accurate alignment of an electron microscope is important when the highest achievable resolution is demanded. In a conventional alignment for high-resolution electron microscopy, the incident beam direction is aligned for the object point imaged at a viewing-screen center. It should be noted however that the object point corresponding to the viewing-screen center does not usually located on the magnetic-field axis of an objective lens due to lens misorientation and/or beam deflection caused by a leakage field around the objective lens. Then, the voltage-center and coma-free conditions cannot b

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43

Gong, Junqiang, and Jianbin Luo. "Rapid and Precise Zoom Lens Design Based on Voice Coil Motors with Tunnel Magnetoresistance Sensors." Applied Sciences 14, no. 16 (2024): 6990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14166990.

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In response to the zooming delay issue during the transition from a wide-area search to high-resolution target identification in high-magnification zoom lenses, we propose a drive technology based on voice coil motors. The linear motion of the motor is directly converted into the linear movement of the zoom lens group, significantly enhancing the zoom speed. Additionally, we introduce a high-precision closed-loop control technology utilizing a magnetic scale to achieve the rapid and precise positioning of the zoom lens group. The magnetic scale detection technology achieves precise positioning

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44

Shamuilov, Georgii, Katerina Domina, Vyacheslav Khardikov, Alexey Y. Nikitin, and Vitaliy Goryashko. "Optical magnetic lens: towards actively tunable terahertz optics." Nanoscale 13, no. 1 (2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr06198k.

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45

Bodurka, Jerzy, Gerd Buntkowsky, Aleksander Gutsze, Malgorzata Bodurka, and Hans-Heinrich Limbach. "Analysis of the 1H NMR Line Shape Found in Animal Lenses." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 11 (1996): 1421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963904827.

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The proton NMR line shape of rabbit lens was investigated to explain the extremely short value of the T2 relaxation time that determines the decay time of the lens free induction decay (FID) signal. The proton lens spectra were measured at 300 MHz, and a characteristic, antisymmetric profile was found. To determine whether the line shape is caused by unaveraged residual dipolar interaction from immobile protein protons, which would yield a homogeneously broadened line, we performed a spectral hole-burning experiment on the lens. In these experiments we could show that the line is clearly inhom

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46

Zhang, Xiu Yan, Quan Lin Dong, and Yong Jun Cui. "Magnetic Lens Pole Piece Axial Field Distribution Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.488.

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Axial field distribution model of pole piece has a certain theory value in the design of magnetic lenses. In this paper, on the base of analyzing pole piece axial field distribution model which other authors had deduced, using the nonlinear least square method and the curve fitting tool of MATLAB software, the Gaussian model for axial field distribution is obtained. By comparing these models, the Gaussian model has higher precision and also has a certain practical reference value.

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Guimarães, F. S. M., A. T. Costa, R. B. Muniz, and M. S. Ferreira. "Graphene as a non-magnetic spin current lens." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 23, no. 17 (2011): 175302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/23/17/175302.

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Miao, Lingyun, and Thomas Y. Hsiang. "Microfocal lens for energy-assisted magnetic recording technology." Micro & Nano Letters 7, no. 10 (2012): 1005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2012.0600.

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Cheng, Hong-Ming, Lung I. Yen, Patrick Barnett, et al. "Proton magnetic resonance imaging of the ocular lens." Experimental Eye Research 45, no. 6 (1987): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80103-3.

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Lencová, Bohumila. "On magnetic lens computations with FEM and BEM." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 519, no. 1-2 (2004): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.129.

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