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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic levitation vehicles'
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Zhang, Gaowei, Jianmei Zhu, Yan Li, Yuhang Yuan, Yuqing Xiang, Peng Lin, Li Wang, Jianxin Liu, Le Liang, and Zigang Deng. "Simulation of the Braking Effects of Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Brake and Its Effects on Levitation Characteristics of HTS Maglev Vehicles." Actuators 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11100295.
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High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (maglev) trains for designed high speed need a non-contact braking method that can produce stable and sufficient braking forces to ensure the safety of the train during emergency braking. In order to study the braking effects of permanent magnet eddy current braking (PMECB) used in HTS maglev vehicles and its effects on the levitation performance of HTS maglev vehicles, an equivalent two-dimensional simulation model of PMECB for a HTS maglev test vehicle under different working air gaps of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm was established in Maxwell software. Then, a 6 degree of freedom dynamic model of the vehicle was established in Universal Mechanism software. In the dynamic simulation, the normal force of PMECB was not considered, and only the detent force of PMECB was taken as the excitation of the vehicle. The simulation results show that PMECBs can reduce the vehicle to relatively low speed in a few seconds. During the operation of PMECBs, the levitation height and levitation force of the maglev Dewar will be affected, and maximum variations in levitation heights and levitation forces occur on the Dewars at both ends of the vehicle. These help us to understand the braking and levitation performance of HTS maglev vehicles under the action of PMECBs and enrich the design idea of braking and levitation systems of HTS maglev vehicles equipped with PMECBs.
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Mishra, Rajat, Himashu Sharma, and Harshit Mishra. "High-speed vacuum air vehicle." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1 (November 19, 2018): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201843s1328-339.
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Background: There are a number of problems in the prior art, those are topics of research inputs likes ranges of the drag force generated by the vehicle, lift force at high vehicle motion velocities for compensation of the vehicle weight, Aerodynamic aspects of operation of the vehicle,
Aim: Stream wise stability of vehicle motion and levitation and breaking of the vehicles and supersonic speed is not achieved in any mode of transportation. But this present invention related to high speed magnetic levitating transportation. More particularly, present invention is related to high speed magnetic levitating transportation using compressed air chamber in the transportation vehicle.
Methods: The present invention is more particularly related to high speed vehicle levitated on a vacuum tunnel by using electromagnetic levitation. As this vehicle will move from one place to another in a vacuum environment and this vehicle will levitate above track with the help of electromagnets.
Results: The important thing is its motion, which is possible due to reaction force of high pressure air, coming out from compressed air chamber present in vehicle.
Conclusion: It can give us the acceleration as per load requirement and it can achieve supersonic speed in few seconds.
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Kadalla, A. S., and M. I. Onogu. "Sliding Mode Control of Magnetic Levitation Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.79.
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The problem of precise control of the air – gap of magnetic levitation vehicles is considered in this paper. A sliding mode controller is designed for the levitation control task. Robustness of the controller was investigated using computer simulations. The results show that the controller is robust to parameter variations of up to ±13% and can tolerate disturbances up to ±400N/Kg.
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Lobachevsky, Ya P., V. V. Kirsanov, and S. V. Kirsanov. "Development of a new technological scheme of the carousel milking platform based on the principles of magnetic levitation." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 2 (July 24, 2024): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500262724020128.
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The Carousel, the most capital–intensive and loaded milking unit, is a rotating platform that carries a large mechanical load. Its own weight, combined with the weight of the animals being moved, can reach 1200 kg per milking place or more. To reduce friction in the wheeled systems of high-loaded vehicles, large-sized assemblies and mechanisms of machinery and equipment, including agricultural machinery and aggregates, the use of magnetic suspension technology is promising. The research was carried out in order to develop a new technological scheme of a levitating rotating milking platform Carousel based on the principles of magnetic levitation. The creation of a fundamentally new resource-saving design of the Carousel milking platform based on the principles of magnetic levitation in order to increase its reliability and reduce operating costs due to the exclusion of wear on the propellers of the rail-wheel system is possible. A new scheme of a rotating milking platform Carousel using permanent magnet magnetic suspension technology without the use of wheel thrusters is proposed. Its force calculation was performed in the main mode of steady motion with the platform fully filled with animals and partially filled at the beginning and end of the milking cycle of animals, obtaining basic equations for determining the necessary repulsive forces in horizontal and vertical magnetic assemblies providing magnetic levitation (suspension) and lateral stabilization (centering) of the rotating platform.
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He, Juanjuan, and Yingmin Jia. "Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Magnetic Levitation Vehicles." Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 1, no. 2 (2014): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jrnal.2014.1.2.15.
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Drozdov, B. V., and Y. A. Terentiev. "PROSPECTS FOR VACUUM MAGNETIC-LEVITATION TRANSPORT." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-1-8.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The authors propose a fundamentally new approach to solving the problem of overcoming two technological limits of speed growth existing for rail vehicles. The advantages of vacuum magnetic-levitation transport are assessed in comparison with traditional transport systems. The perspectives of the use of this type of transport as applied to the development strategy of the transport system of Russia are determined. Keywords: vacuum magnetic-levitation transport, specific energy inputs, transit transport resource, magnetic suspension, vacuum pipeline.
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Lavrich, Y., S. Plaksіn, and L. Pogorіla. "CONCEPTUAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FREIGHT MAGNETOLEVITATION TRANSPORT SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 40 (December 28, 2022): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-7.
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An analysis of the transport systems current state in Ukraine has shown that the main problem in this area is the lack of transport infrastructure capacity, due to low route speeds for most transport modes and low levels of traffic organization and management. The level of rail container transport, the most common and perspective type of freight transportation is also low compared to European countries. Therefore, the main idea of the article is to justify the need for the introduction of fundamentally new transport technologies that will help reduce or eliminate the problems of freight transport, and so the article is relevance. The possibility of using magnetic technologies that exclude contact of a vehicle with a road structure, for freight transportation is investigated. The authors consider the main structural elements, functions and possible options of the magnetic levitation transport system of freight transport. The practical value of the work is that the use of magnetic levitation container platforms will significantly increase the intensity and speed of the conveyor sending of each container with a decrease in energy consumption, which will significantly affect the improvement of cargo logistics. The main results of the work: the conceptual bases of construction of unmanned magnetic levitation vehicles and the main systems of their infrastructure are formulated, it is shown that the implementation of the function of drone for the vehicle is possible only if permanent levitation in all sections of the freight transportation will be provided.
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Fomin, V. M., V. I. Zvegintsev, D. J. Nalivaichenko, and Y. A. Terent’ev. "Vacuum magnetic levitation transport: definition of optimal characteristics." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162318-35.
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Known to a wide circle of specialists of the transport, the concept of "Evacuated Тube Тransport Technology" (ET3) [1] is an energy efficient complex magnetic levitation, vacuum and superconducting technology for high-speed ground transportation. The concept is presented as the most effective solution to problem increase the speed and capacity of the transport system c is acceptable the cost of moving passengers and cargo, and low cost of energy. To determine the optimal ranges of working parameters of the considered transportation system the analysis of the characteristics of the rarefied environment. Based on considerations of balance of power the cost of maintaining the vacuum in the system and to overcome aerodynamic drag throughout the speed range of the vehicle (TC) (500÷6500 km/h) it is shown that the lower bound of the optimal depth of vacuum to the vacuum environment, for the vehicle to relatively low speeds, is 25÷80 PA. For vehicles with speeds close to the maximum I would like to have the pressure of 1 PA or less.
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Mohd Zaidi, Muhammad Syafiq, Siti Lailatul Mohd Hassan, Ili Shairah Abdul Halim, and Nasri Sulaiman. "Design of a linear motor-based magnetic levitation train prototype." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 13, no. 3 (November 1, 2024): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v13.i3.pp560-567.
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<span>This study explores the modelling of a magnetic levitation train and its implementation using a microcontroller. Magnetic levitation (maglev) is a technology that enables vehicles to levitate and move without wheels. Maglev research has been conducted globally, but maglev trains haven't received much attention. Due to the sophisticated linear motor technology for contactless transit, building a maglev train requires enormous investments. This paper is crucial for understanding the linear motor technologies necessary for levitation and propulsion. The primary objectives of this study include creating a model of the maglev train using a linear motor circuit, investigating the maglev effect concerning different coil and magnet types, and monitoring the train's propulsion and levitation using a microcontroller. This work constructs a linear motor system for the maglev train, comprising a mechanical structure with a permanent magnet for levitation and electromagnets for propulsion. A microcontroller is employed to sense the magnetic field, produced by the permanent magnet and electromagnets. In summary, this paper successfully designed a maglev train prototype using a linear motor circuit to establish the repulsive mechanism for both levitation and propulsion, with levitation~1 cm from the track and demonstrated the ability to move along a 30 cm track.</span>
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de Oliveira, Roberto Andre Henrique, Richard Magdalena Stephan, and Antonio Carlos Ferreira. "Optimized Linear Motor for Urban Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 5 (August 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2020.2976589.
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Ding, Jingfang, Xin Yang, and Zhiqiang Long. "Structure and control design of levitation electromagnet for electromagnetic suspension medium-speed maglev train." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 6 (November 28, 2018): 1179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318813405.
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Electromagnetic suspension is considered as a widely-used type of maglev train systems. It has been successfully used recently in Changsha Maglev Express (CME), China. Great research interests and engineering efforts have been focused on increasing the operation speed of such an environment-friendly low-speed maglev type to 200 km/h in order to meet the requirement of inter-city transportation, which has not been realized yet. However, at a higher speed, there is a considerable levitation force drop at the front of vehicles due to the pronounced eddy current effect. The electromagnet modules are more likely to saturate. An optimized electromagnet design is required for the medium-speed maglev train to achieve better levitation capability, weaker vibration, and more comfortable ride. Based on the actual parameters and operation data of CME, this paper uses the three-dimensional finite element analysis method to fully analyze the occurrence of magnetic saturation and its adverse effects. A novel structure design of electromagnet module coping with the problem of magnetic saturation is proposed to improve the levitation performance. The study also puts forward a three-controller system on the electromagnet module at the front of the vehicles which can effectively ease the imbalance of levitation forces.
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Liang, Fang, Yunfeng He, and Lei Zhang. "Research on mechanism of eddy current in rail of maglev and optimum design of electromagnet." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1 (November 19, 2018): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201843s1272-278.
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Aim: Due to the movement of medium-low speed maglev vehicles, eddy current is generated in the rail, leading to reduced levitation force. This detrimental effect becomes more prominent with increasing velocity. In order to reduce the influence of eddy current effect, the electromagnet is optimized to meet the requirement of vehicle speeding up from 100km/h to 160km/h.
Methods: To maintain a constant levitation force, the current must also increase accordingly resulting in higher power consumption and heat generation. In this paper, a mathematical model is established by analytical method, focusing on the mechanism and influencing factors of eddy current. Three-dimensional transient magnetic field magnet model is analyzed by the ANSYS electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell.
Results: The levitation force is related to five parameters, such as speed, length of the electromagnet, rail height, rail thickness and air gap. According to the finite element simulation results, when the train speed is 160 km/h, the levitation force of the end electromagnet is reduced by about 21.9 %. The levitation force of optimized electromagnet increases by 27 % under the same current, which can compensate for the drop of levitation force caused by eddy current .The levitation force is 41.4 kN at the speed of 160 km/h, which is slightly larger than the 39.6 kN of the former electromagnet static levitation force, which can meet the requirements.
Conclusion: The result confirms that optimization methods proposed above are valid and effective.
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Ahmed, Raheel, Yu Li Jun, Muhammad Fawad Azhar, and Naveed Ur Rehman Junejo. "Comprehensive Study and Review on Maglev Train System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.347.
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Electromagnetic levitated systems commonly used in the field of people transportation, tool machines frictionless bearings and conveyor systems. In the case of high speed people transport vehicles, the electromagnetic levitation offers the advantage of a very silent motion and of a reduced maintenance of the rail. Magnetic levitated trains requires the guidance force needed to keep the vehicles on the track is obtained with the levitation electromagnets, Particular shapes of the rails and to a clever placement of the electromagnets with respect to the rails helpful and effective to achieve the goal. This article gives the basic idea of the electromagnets trains and its control system mechanism
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Андреев, Е. Н., Д. Н. Арсланова, Е. В. Ахметзянова, А. М. Базаров, В. Н. Васильев, О. С. Васильева, М. С. Верхотуров, et al. "Комбинированные электромагнитные подвесы с пониженным энергопотреблением для левитационного транспорта." Журнал технической физики 89, no. 7 (2019): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.07.47811.419-18.
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The magnetic levitation technology is principally categorized as electromagnetic suspension and electrodynamic suspension, both now practically implemented in maglev trains in China, Korea, Japan and other countries. The magnetic field to levitate a vehicle can be provided by either normal conducting electromagnets, or superconducting magnets, or high-coercivity permanent magnets. With the technology advancing in superconductors and magnetic materials, hybrid configurations that employ different types of magnets become promising for commercial application. Magnets synergy results in better performance and lower energy consumption as justified by virtual prototyping and measurements on sub-scale models. Stable levitation of a loaded platform has been demonstrated on a test bench. A series of parametric simulations (performed with the use of software developed in RF) and magnetic measurements enabled validation of computational and physical models of all magnets and adjustment of numerical procedures for scaling parameters with respect to the practical load capacity and other operational characteristics. The established approach will be used for full-scale modelling of realistic maglev vehicles, particularly, a 50-ton flat freight car.
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Stephan, Richard M., and Amaro O. Pereira. "The Vital Contribution of MagLev Vehicles for the Mobility in Smart Cities." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060978.
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The role of transport in sustainable development was first recognized at the 1992 United Nations (UN) Earth Summit and reinforced in its outcome document—Agenda 21. It is also part of objective 11 of UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The improvements in the traditional methods of transportation lag behind the necessities. This paper shows that Magnetic Levitation (MagLev) can fulfill the demand and fits with smart grid concepts. Moreover, the levitation method based on the diamagnetic property of high-temperature superconductors in the proximity of rare-earth permanent magnets presents advantages in comparison with other levitation methods. This technological solution was tested with the operation of a real scale prototype inside the campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), operating since 2014. The paper presents a historical and technological overview of the steps necessary to turn this prototype into a commercial product. The development is framed within NASA’s Technological Readiness Levels (TRL). A new transportation paradigm is on the verge of becoming a reality.
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Sun, You-gang, Si Xie, Jun-qi Xu, and Guo-bin Lin. "A Robust Levitation Control of Maglev Vehicles Subject to Time Delay and Disturbances: Design and Hardware Experimentation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031179.
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Maglev vehicles have become a new type of transportation system with higher speed, lower noise, and commercial appeal. Magnetic-suspension systems, which have high nonlinearity and open-loop instability, are the core components of maglev vehicles. The high-performance control of maglev vehicles has been the focus of numerous studies. Encountering challenges in the levitation control of maglev vehicles in the form of uncertain time delays and disturbances is unavoidable. To cope with these problems, this study presents the design of an adaptive robust controller based on the Riccati method and sliding-mode technology, simultaneously taking into account the influence of time delays and disturbances. The asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system with the proposed control law is proved by the Lyapunov method. Control performances of the proposed controller are shown in the simulation results. Together with the consistently stabilizing outputs, the presented control approach can handle time delays and disturbances well. Finally, experiments were also implemented to examine its practical control performance of the robust levitation-control law.
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Kisilowski, Jerzy, and Rafał Kowalik. "Displacements of the Levitation Systems in the Vehicle Hyperloop." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 6595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246595.
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The paper will present a mathematical model for the guideway as a continuous system, followed by a moving force coming from the capsule and the capsule as a discrete system. The theoretical problem selected for analysis comes from a group of technical problems, which solve the dynamics of systems subjected to moving loads. Dynamic reactions in the system are described by a system of coupled partial and ordinary differential equations. Their solution was obtained using approximate numerical methods. The article concerns the analysis of Hyperloop vehicle guideway displacement in the occurrence of magnetic levitation phenomenon, which appears when starting, driving and braking the vehicle. The analysis was carried out using a numerical, three-dimensional model of the guideway. The results of the analysis are illustrated with calculation examples. The displacement of the guideway and magnet elements was determined by simulations. The simulations were conducted using MBS software. The presented results refer to the movements of the capsule of Hyperloop vehicles.
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Shmatchenko, V. V., and P. A. Plekhanov. "Digital radio based train control for safety assurance of maglev transportation." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201623145-154.
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Introduction. The Control System of Maglev Vehicles (further - CSMV) has key value for development maglev. Purpose. In article management by safe movement of maglev vehicles with use of digital radio channel are considered, the international experience is analysed and conclusions for Russian practice are drawn. Methodology. The following methods were used: system approach, analysis and synthesis, generalization. Results. CSMV should consider physical possibilities of magnetic levitation, factors and the restrictions influencing these possibilities, including - the factors connected with safety. CSMV should possess complex of functions allowing effectively, full and safely to realise possibility of magnetic levitation in conditions of specified factors and restrictions. Practical importance. The basic practical results, which can be received by working out CSMV, are: - creation CSMV with high level of control automation and consequently effective and safe; - working out within CSMV typical design decisions, applicable for adaptation to monitoring and control of problems various systems and maglev vehicles; - creation of preconditions of design and perfection of all complex of regulatory framework, conformity which provides safety of maglev infrastructure and vehicles; - reception of interaction experience of the Customer, the research and design organisations, the industry enterprises, the assembly and maintaining organisations at stages of life cycle of CSMV, as key subsystem of maglev. Conclusion. The main appointment of CSMV - creation and constant provide of conditions for safe and effective functioning and development of this new type of transport.
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Solomin, Vladimir A., Anastasia A. Bichilova, Larisa L. Zamshina, and Nadezhda A. Trybitsina. "Adjustable Squirrel-Cage Linear Induction Motor for Magnetic Levitation Transport." Transportation systems and technology 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201734127-149.
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The article deals with linear induction motor (LIM) with a squirrel-cage winding of the secondary element (SE), which functions as the armature of the machine. Linear location of squirrel-cage winding of the secondary element of LIM allowed suggesting a number of options for the regulation of the winding resistance of SE. Objective. Development and research of LIM with adjustable winding resistance of the secondary element for magnetic levitation transport, and the study of the properties of adjustable LIM. At the modern level of development of the electrical engineering, asynchronous electric drive and magnetic levitation transport, the primary method of changing the frequency rotation of motor and speed of linear motion of high-speed transport vehicles is frequency control. Frequency control allows changing the frequency of rotation of the machine and linear speed of LIM smoothly and in broad diapason. The high cost of static electronic converters of high power limits the large-scale application of frequency control. The increase of the current frequency also leads to lower torque and traction. Results. According to the authors, the application of the adjustable linear induction motors with variable resistances of short-circuited windings of the secondary elements will allow to expand the range of control of LIM, intended for high-speed magnetic levitation transport with the realisation of large traction, including the start (starting the vehicle) by means of current displacement in the groove of the secondary element of the LIM. Conclusion. The linear induction motors of this type, as well as the calculation of the magnetic field in the groove of the secondary element, and evaluation of the influence of the current displacement on the starting and controlling features of the machine are considered.
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Ładyżyńska-Kozdraś, Edyta, Anna Sibilska-Mroziewicz, Krzysztof Sibilski, Danyil Potoka, and Andrzej Żyluk. "Dynamics of Separation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles from the Magnetic Launcher Cart during Takeoff." Electronics 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2023): 2883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132883.
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Most aircraft launchers exhibit a rapid acceleration of the launching aircraft, often exceeding ten times the acceleration due to gravity. However, only magnetic launchers offer flexible control over the propulsion force of the launcher cart, enabling precise control over the aircraft’s acceleration and speed during its movement on the launcher. Consequently, extensive research is being conducted on magnetic launchers to ensure the repeatability of launch parameters, protect against aircraft overloads, and ensure operator safety. This article describes the process of modeling and analyzing the dynamical properties of a launch cart of an innovative prototype launcher, which employs a passive magnetic suspension with high-temperature superconductors, developed under the GABRIEL project. The developed mathematical model of the magnetic catapult cart was employed to conduct numerical studies of the longitudinal and lateral movement of the cart, as well as the configuration of the UAV–cart system during UAV takeoff under variable atmospheric conditions. An essential aspect of the research involved experimentally determining the magnetic levitation force generated by the superconductors as a function of the gap. The results obtained demonstrate that the analyzed catapult design enables safe UAV takeoff. External factors and potential vibrations resulting from uneven mass distribution in the UAV–cart system are effectively balanced by the magnetic forces arising from the Meissner effect and the flux pinning phenomenon. The primary advantage of the magnetic levitation catapult, in comparison to commercial catapults, lies in its ability to provide a reduced and consistent acceleration throughout the entire takeoff process.
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Sanders, Mark E. "Technology Education in the Middle Level School: Its Role and Purpose." NASSP Bulletin 83, no. 608 (September 1999): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019263659908360804.
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The curriculum and method of technology education remain one of the best-kept secrets in all education. Technology education engages students in a wide range of the very latest technologies: digital imaging, lasers, robotics, solar energy, World Wide Web development, magnetic levitation vehicles, analog and digital electronics, flight simulators, computer-aided design, and so forth.
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V, Ramya, Naresh Kumar M, Nanthine S, and Ramya Sri M. "Flywheel Energy Storage System Using Magnetic Levitation." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 8 (August 30, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i8.30.
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This paper deals with the voltage sag compensator in a system using flywheel energy storage system technology by using partial magnetic levitation. Voltage fluctuates in a generator from second to second and due to these fluctuations, it becomes difficult to meet the consumer demand since they account to high current losses. In such a case, Flywheels are used where energy is stored mechanically and transferred to and from the flywheel by an integrated motor/generator. Today flywheels are used as supplementary UPS storage at several industries world over. Future applications span a wide range including electric vehicles, intermediate storage for renewable energy generation and direct grid applications from power quality issues to offering an alternative to strengthening transmission. One of the key advantages of flywheel is that it compensates for the losses of the system by its storage mechanism and thus high overall efficiency is attained. When voltage is increased, current losses are reduced and transformer steps become redundant. Recent progress in semi-conductor technology enables faster switching and lower costs. Flywheel with magnetic bearings using magnetic levitation has been introduced for effectiveness of the system and to overcome frictional losses. The predominant parts of prior studies have been directed towards optimizing mechanical issues whereas the electro technical part now seems to show great potential for improvement. An overview of flywheel technology and previous projects are presented and moreover a 200kW flywheel using high voltage technology is simulated.
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Sawant, Sahil. "Fabrication of Electromagnetic Damper." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 2237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50631.
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Abstract: This research study investigates the development of an electromagnetic suspension system for application in highspeed transportation. Using magnetic fields, the technology is intended to elevate and stabilize a vehicle. The construction process and materials utilized to create the suspension system are described in the publication. Testing and evaluating the system's performance, such as its capacity to retain stability and levitation under varying speeds and loads, are part of the research. The research also investigates the effects of changing electromagnetic field parameters on system performance. The study's findings indicate that electromagnetic suspension systems are a promising technology for high-speed transportation, with applications in maglev trains and other comparable vehicles
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Yu, Qing-Song, Min Wang, Guo-Feng Yao, Shi-Xuan Zhang, Jing Yang, and Nan Shao. "Study on Beat Vibration of a High Temperature Superconducting EDS Maglev Vehicle at Low Speed." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 3131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053131.
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Vertical displacement acceleration and the pitch angle record produce the phenomenon of beat vibration when testing a 200 m electro-dynamic suspension (EDS) magnetic levitation (maglev) test vehicle with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) at the CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., where the vehicle is clamped and in planar motion. First, to examine this phenomenon, this paper establishes dynamic equations of the vehicle with three degrees of freedom (DOF), and the levitation force on each superconducting magnet (SCM) is calculated by dynamic circuit theory. Second, the theory vertical equilibrium point is obtained from the average of the levitation force for a different velocity and the magneto-motive force (MMF) of the SCM. Third, this paper decouples SCM levitation forces from each other using MATLAB/SIMULINK, and a multi-body dynamic model with six DOF is developed in SIMPACK. All vertical displacements and acceleration responses, as well as the pitch angle and acceleration response from the simulation, appear to show the phenomenon of beat vibration since there are two closing natural frequencies of approximately 2 Hz and 2.4 Hz. Finally, based on the traversing method considering the influence of the velocity, initial vertical displacement, and the MMF of the SCM, the multi-body dynamic model is frequently utilized to study the response of the mean and amplitude of vertical displacement and that of the pitch angle. The results show that increasing the MMF or velocity could decrease the vertical displacement and pitch angle; the mean vertical displacement is a little larger than the theory equilibrium point; and the amplitude of vertical displacement is small when the initial vertical displacement is near the theory equilibrium point. Both the numerical and experimental results verify the validity of the dynamic circuit model and mechanical model in this paper.
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Boughrara, Kamel, and Rachid Ibtiouen. "MAGNETIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION AND LEVITATION FORCE CALCULATION IN HTSC-PMG MAGLEV VEHICLES." Progress In Electromagnetics Research B 55 (2013): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierb13082705.
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Pegin, Pavel, Georgiy Igolkin, and Marlena Rajczyk. "A model for dynamic design of a superstructure for magnetic levitation vehicles." Transportation Research Procedia 36 (2018): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.12.151.
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Powell, James, Gordon Danby, John Morena, Thomas Wagner, and Charles Smith. "MAGLEV 2000 Urban Transit System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1838, no. 1 (January 2003): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1838-08.
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The MAGLEV 2000 (M2000) of Florida Corporation has designed magnetic levitation (maglev) and propulsion technology for high-speed intercity transportation systems capable of operating at speeds in excess of 300 mph. This high-speed technology can be adapted for slower-speed urban transit operations with operating speeds of 30 to 120 mph. M2000 preliminary baseline urban transit designs and essential criteria for a maglev technology to operate safely and efficiently in an urban transit environment are discussed. M2000 uses superconducting magnets on the vehicle, interacting with aluminum coils in the guideway for levitation, stability, and propulsion. The coils are completely encapsulated in polymer concrete panels, which are attached to the sides of a narrow-beam guideway. The vehicle straddles the beam with a 6-in.gap between the guideway surface and vehicle. Propulsion is provided through the linear synchronous motor coils and powered by alternating electrical current. The large clearance between vehicles and guideway with the superconducting M2000 magnet system ensures low-cost guideway construction because of more leeway with construction tolerances. These large clearances allow system operations under snow and ice conditions. The magnetic switch also allows for efficient off-line stations and permits increased train frequencies and operation of express trains without delays from locally stopping trains. Most of the components for a M2000 operating system have been constructed. A review is presented of manufacturing techniques, operating requirements, and performance results for a maglev transit project.
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Han, Jae-Hung, Dong-Kyu Lee, Jun-Seong Lee, and Sang-Joon Chung. "Teaching micro air vehicles how to fly as we teach babies how to walk." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, no. 8 (February 18, 2013): 936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x13478270.
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Recently, various micro air vehicles have drawn significant attention in numerous areas including surveillance and reconnaissance. The manual control of micro air vehicles is very difficult due to their smaller profile; therefore, a stability and controllability augmentation system is a minimum requirement for stable and efficient flight. However, it is not easy to obtain an accurate numerical model for the flight dynamics of micro air vehicles in the design of the stability and controllability augmentation system. An alternative approach for the stability and controllability augmentation systems is to incorporate reinforcement learning in order to address the numerical complexity. However, in order to train micro air vehicles to learn how to fly, they must first be airborne. This article presents a new method that provides an effective environment where a micro air vehicle can learn to fly in a similar manner to an infant learning to walk. The test setup was constructed to enable the magnetic levitation of a micro air vehicle that has a permanently embedded magnet. This apparatus allows for flexible experimentation: the position and attitude of the micro air vehicle, the constraint forces, and the resulting moments are adjustable and fixable. This “ Pseudo Flight Environment” was demonstrated using a fixed-wing micro air vehicle model. Furthermore, in order for the model to maintain a constant altitude, a height hold control system was devised and implemented.
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Solomin, Vladimir A., Andrei V. Solomin, Nadezda A. Trubitsina, Larisa L. Zamchina, and Anastasia A. Chekhova. "New technology for manufacturing inductors of linear induction motors for magnetic-levitation transport." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1 (November 19, 2018): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201843s1351-364.
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Abstract. Background: Significant economic growth in many countries of the world can contribute to an increase in the speed of movement of modern and fundamentally new vehicles. This will increase the turnover of goods during the transportation of goods, revive international trade, increase the comfort of passengers and reduce their travel time.
Aim: The solution of this problem is the development and wide application of high-speed magnetic-levitation transport (HSMLT) with linear traction engines. It is promising to use linear induction motors (LIM) for the HSMLT drive, which can have various design versions. Linear induction motors come with a longitudinal, transverse and longitudinal-transverse closure of the magnetic flux. LIM inductors can be installed on both high-speed transport crews and in the HSMLT track structure, as it was done in the People’s Republic of China, where express trains on magnetic suspension connect Shanghai with the airport and reliably operate for more than 10 years. The main elements of the inductor of a linear induction motor are a magnetic core (ferromagnetic core) a multiphase (usually three-phase) winding. With the development of high-speed magnetic-levitation transport, the issues of improving the manufacturing technology of various HSMLT devices, including the methods for producing inductors of linear induction motors, will become increasingly relevant. Traditionally, LIM inductors are assembled from pre-manufactured individual parts.
Methods: An integral technology for manufacturing inductors of linear induction motors for high-speed magnetic-levitation transport is proposed and considered by the method of spraying materials onto a substrate through replaceable stencils. The new technology eliminates the alternate manufacture of individual assemblies and parts and their subsequent assembly to obtain a finished product. A method for determining the size of stencils for manufacturing one of the inductor variants of a linear induction motor is proposed as an example.
Conclusion: Integral manufacturing technology is promising for the creation of high-speed magnetic-levitation transport.
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Zhu, Pengxiang, Te Zhang, Danfeng Zhou, Jie Li, Yuxin Jin, and Qicai Li. "Research on Magnetic Levitation Control Method under Elastic Track Conditions Based on Backstepping Method." Mathematics 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2024): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12132134.
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The vehicle–guideway coupled self-excited vibration of maglev systems is a common control instability problem in maglev traffic while the train is suspended above flexible girders, and it seriously affects the suspension stability of maglev vehicles. In order to solve this problem, a nonlinear dynamic model of a single-point maglev system with elastic track is established in this paper, and a new and more stable adaptive backstepping control method combined with magnetic flux feedback is designed. In order to verify the control effect of the designed control method, a maglev vehicle–guideway coupled experimental platform with elastic track is built, and experimental verifications under rigid and elastic conditions are carried out. The results show that, compared with the state feedback controller based on the feedback linearization controller, the adaptive backstepping control law proposed in this paper can achieve stable suspension under extremely low track stiffness, and that it shows good stability and anti-interference abilities under elastic conditions. This work has an important meaning regarding its potential to benefit the advancement of commercial maglev lines, which may significantly enhance the stability of the maglev system and reduce the cost of guideway construction.
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Fedorova, Maria V. "Forecast demand for use magnetic levitation transport." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst202064143-160.
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Background: The analysis carried out and the forecasted development prospects of the Vsevolozhsk municipal district show the high socio-economic importance of this territory for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. This territory is intensively developing, new residential zones are being formed on it, enterprises are opening, new jobs are being created, and recreational zones are being organized. Active housing construction in the municipalities "City of Vsevolozhsk" and "Zanevskoye rural settlement" is accompanied by a significant increase in the population. According to the forecast, in 2041 the population of the municipal formation "City of Vsevolozhsk" will exceed 100 thousand people, of the "Zanevsky rural settlement" - 180 thousand people. The population of the municipalities of St. Petersburg included in the gravitational zone of the maglev transport line in the direction "Vsevolozhsk - St. Petersburg", in 2041 will increase by 1.4 times compared to 2015, amounting to 520 thousand people. The listed tendencies indicate that in the future the intensity of traffic flows will grow and the demand for the use of maglev passenger transport will increase.
Aim: Putting into operation lines of magneto-transport vehicles in places of concentration of growing passenger flows, which will help to reduce travel time, meet freight requirements, improve the quality and increase travel safety when driving along dedicated lanes.
Method: We have described the existing transport service system in Vsevolozhsk. The survey of passenger traffic on bus routes operating between Vsevolozhsk and St. Petersburg was carried out by two methods during the periods of morning and evening peaks, as well as during the inter-peak period: visual method and tabular method. The article gives a characteristic of the uneven distribution of passenger traffic at the Ladozhskaya metro station and the socio-economic characteristics of the pedestrian accessibility zone of stopping points, identifies the maximum passenger traffic and the need for rolling stock.
Results: As the basis for the development of the transport system of urban agglomerations, it is proposed to use magnetolithic transport. For its operation, a special high-speed infrastructure and a new rolling stock are needed. In other words, there is a need for the development and economic evaluation of projects for the construction and operation of magnetolithic transport lines in the formation and implementation of transport strategies of modern urban agglomerations.
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Franca, Thais Nascimento, Hongfu Shi, Zigang Deng, and Richard Magdalena Stephan. "Overview of Electrodynamic Levitation Technique Applied to Maglev Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 31, no. 8 (November 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2021.3089104.
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Zaitsev, Anatoly A. "Cargo-Carrying Transport Platform Based on Magnetic Levitation: Experience of creation." Transportation systems and technology 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst2015125-15.
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The North of Russia in the short term remains not captured high-speed movement. Such situation can be rectified by application magnetic and levitation technologies, and so string trestle technologies. However, the careful ecological and economic reasoning, and also adaptation of constructive elements and technologies to North conditions has to precede use of such technologies. For development of the railway high-speed communication it is necessary to create rings of the high-speed movement. Thus the cellular network structure which is much more effective existing treelike, taking place in the Komi Republic, the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk areas will be initially formed. Container message of trestle type Ivdel - Indiga about 1100 km long can become possible application of magnetic and levitation technology in the north of Russia. From Ivdel the container highway can be continued in the southern direction to border with China. At the organization of the high-speed movement it is necessary to divide passenger and cargo transport streams. If to execute passenger modules in the form of individual vehicles (four-five-seater), elements of infrastructure will be less expensive. The sizes and loading capacity of containers for high-speed transportations can be also reduced. Developers of string transport systems actively study questions of design of transport modules of various mission, creation of low-cost transport infrastructure. In the conditions of the North of Russia development of transport system which would combine advantages of magnetic and levitation and string transport is of interest. Stability of such system can be provided when using effect of «a magnetic potential hole». Implementation of large transport projects of the high-speed movement in the Russian Federation can promote strengthening international cooperation and be carried out on its basis.
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Stephan, Richard, Felipe Costa, Elkin Rodriguez, and Zigang Deng. "Retrospective and perspectives of the superconducting magnetic levitation (sml) technology applied to urban transportation." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1 (November 19, 2018): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201843s1195-202.
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A review of the Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML) technology applied to urban transportation will be presented. The historical time line will be highlighted, pointing out the pioneering efforts at Southwest Jiatong University (SWJTU), China, followed by the Supra Trans project in IFW-Dresden, Germany, and the MagLev-Cobra project in UFRJ, Brazil.
Background: Details of the MagLev-Cobra project, the first, and until today the single one, applying the SML technology that counts with a real scale prototype, operating regularly in open air, will be disclosed. The inauguration of the MagLev-Cobra project was on the 1st October 2014, the last day of the “22nd International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives (MAGLEV)” held in Rio de Janeiro. Curiously, this day coincides with the 50th anniversary of the successful operation of the Shinkansen in Tokyo. On the 1st October 1964, the first high-speed wheel and rail train in the world was inaugurated in time for the first Olympic Games that took place in Asia. This historical coincidence is a good omen for the MagLev-Cobra project. In fact, since October 2014, the system operates regularly for demonstration at the UFRJ Campus, every Tuesday. More than 12.000 visitors have already had the opportunity to take a test ride.
Aim: The Proceedings of the MAGLEV conferences, which first edition dates back to 1977 (http://www.maglevboard.net), are the documentary files of the importance of this achievement. Initially, the methods named Electromagnetic Levitation (EML) and Electrodynamic Levitation (EDL) were considered.
Methods: At the end of last century, due to the availability of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets and High Critical Temperature Superconductors (HTS), an innovative levitation method, called Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML), started to be considered. This method is based on the flux pinning effect property of HTS in the proximity of magnetic fields given by rare earth permanent magnets. The first experiments with SML, as expected, were small scale prototypes, or laboratory vehicles for one, two or four passengers, proposed mainly by researchers from Germany, China and Brazil. The Proceedings of the 16th MAGLEV, held in year 2000, confirms this fact. After 14 years of research and development, the team of the Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity (LASUP) of UFRJ achieved the construction of the first real scale operational SML vehicle in the world.
Results: This retrospective will be followed by a comparison with the EML technology, that has already four urban commercial systems, will be presented and the application niches delimited.
Conclusion: The perspectives of the MagLev-Cobra project and the cooperation efforts with China to turn it a commercial experience will finish the paper. As will be explained, before the commercial application of the MagLev-Cobra technology, the system must be certified and the technical, economic and environmental viability for a first deployment concluded.
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Zhang, Xiao, Jun Yong Lu, and Xin Lin Long. "Research on LSM with Permanent Magnet Halbach and Ironless Coil for Magnetic Levitation Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.753.
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In this paper, a kind of Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) with Permanent Magnet (PM) arranged in Halbach array and IronLess Coil (PMH&ILC) is presented for Magnetic Levitation Vehicles (Maglev). First, the propulsion force of this kind of LSM is deduced analytically. Then, the influences of pole spacing, the current in the coil, the width of the motor and the size of the Halbach array on the propulsion force are analyzed mathematically in detail. Based on the results, the design method and basic principle of PMH&ILC-typed LSM are proposed, which shows a better performance with small pole spacing, higher permanent magnet array, optimal value of the width of the permanent magnet Halbach and so on. Finally, a sample LSM system is designed according to the requirements of Maglev propulsion system.
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Solomin, Vladimir A., Vladimir N. Noskov, Andrey V. Solomin, Mikhail Yu Pustovetov, and Nikolay S. Flegontov. "Classification of high-speed transport systems." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162142-51.
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This article proposes the variant of classification of high-speed ground transport systems, taking into account the availability of such existing and future with wheel drive and a magnetic levitation. Authors offer promising designs in electric vehicles with linear induction motors are considered. Paying attention to a variety of inductors structures and secondary elements of linear induction motors for transport purposes. Secondary element of traction linear induction motor is mounted on a carriage and can be in the form of conductive bus-section and a resistance, which is equally across its length and width. The secondary element may be made of an electrically conductive bus-section and a resistance which uneven across its width. In this case, at the edges of the tire has a smaller cross section or edge portions may be made of a material with lower electric conductivity and provide increased transverse self-stabilization efforts suspended in a magnetic field vehicle and safety of its movement. In the case of a short-circuited secondary winding element with adjustable resistance can be increased efforts at the start of the vehicle and reduce speed when approaching the next station. The principle of transverse stabilization of the vehicle may be based on the use of a pair of oppositely traveling magnetic fields.
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KISELENKO, Anatoly N., and Evgeny Yu SUNDUKOV. "TECHNOLOGIES OF HIGH-SPEED TRANSPORT FOR THE NORTH OF RUSSIA." Transportation systems and technology 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst2015115-12.
Full textAbstract:
The North of Russia in the short term remains not captured high-speed movement. Such situation can be rectified by application magnetic and levitation technologies, and so string trestle technologies. However, the careful ecological and economic reasoning, and also adaptation of constructive elements and technologies to North conditions has to precede use of such technologies. For development of the railway high-speed communication it is necessary to create rings of the high-speed movement. Thus the cellular network structure which is much more effective existing treelike, taking place in the Komi Republic, the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk areas will be initially formed. Container message of trestle type Ivdel - Indiga about 1100 km long can become possible application of magnetic and levitation technology in the north of Russia. From Ivdel the container highway can be continued in the southern direction to border with China. At the organization of the high-speed movement it is necessary to divide passenger and cargo transport streams. If to execute passenger modules in the form of individual vehicles (four-five-seater), elements of infrastructure will be less expensive. The sizes and loading capacity of containers for high-speed transportations can be also reduced. Developers of string transport systems actively study questions of design of transport modules of various mission, creation of low-cost transport infrastructure. In the conditions of the North of Russia development of transport system which would combine advantages of magnetic and levitation and string transport is of interest. Stability of such system can be provided when using effect of «a magnetic potential hole». Implementation of large transport projects of the high-speed movement in the Russian Federation can promote strengthening international cooperation and be carried out on its basis.
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Yang, Runxian, and Tao Tao. "Research on Control System of 5-DOF Magnetic Suspension Flywheel Battery." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (August 25, 2021): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.111.
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With the continuous reduction of fossil fuels, pure gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles will inevitably withdraw from the stage of history. In contrast, new energy vehicles have huge room for development. However, the battery life and charging time of new energy vehicles are two important factors restricting their development. Therefore, more efficient energy storage methods need to be studied. Compared with traditional batteries, the new flywheel battery has attracted more scholars' attention due to its advantages of high charge and discharge efficiency, large stored energy, and long life cycle. In order to improve the performance of the flywheel battery and reduce the loss, a five-degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation flywheel battery is proposed in the paper to replace the traditional bearing-supported flywheel battery. Usually, the research on flywheel battery only focuses on a single aspect, and there are few literature to analyze the entire flywheel battery control system. Hence, the structure and principle of the five-degree-of-freedom flywheel battery are first introduced in the paper to design the control system for the five-degree-of-freedom flywheel battery and build a simulation model with the help of the Matlab/Simulink software. Finally, an experimental platform for the five-degree-of-freedom flywheel battery is established to conduct the experimental study to verify the reliability of the control system. The experimental results show that the five-degree-of-freedom flywheel battery control system proposed in the paper has good performance and stability.
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Simone, Michelle, and John Tichy. "Forces Due to a Magnetic Dipole Near a Sliding Conductor: Applications to Magnetic Levitation and Bearings." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927325.
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A conducting body moving with respect to a magnet experiences lift and drag forces from the eddy currents induced in the conductor. The force on the conductor is dependent on the relative velocity between the conductor and the magnet. In this study, we investigate the force dependence on magnetic Reynolds number, a dimensionless indicator of velocity. The Lorentz equation is used to predict the force on the conductor, given the spatial dependence of the eddy currents and magnetic induction vector inside the conductor. Maxwell’s equations, which govern the electromagnetic quantities, are reduced to a single convection-diffusion equation for the magnetic induction vector inside the conducting body. An integral solution which satisfies the governing equation and boundary conditions is used to obtain the eddy currents and magnetic field. For our model, both lift and drag forces increase sharply with Reynolds number, reach a maximum, and decrease with increasing Reynolds number to an asymptotic limit. We also find that skin depth, the depth to which the eddy currents decay inside the conductor, decreases with increasing Reynolds number. The relevance to magnetically supported high-speed vehicles and magnetic bearings is discussed.
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Ivanova, Alexandra G., Oleg Anatol'evich Zagrebelnyiy, Alina A. Ponomareva, Maria S. Masalovich, Olga Nikolaevna Shilova, N. N. Gubanova, and Irina Yur'evna Kruchinina. "Development of electrochemical devices based on nanocomposite materials." Transportation systems and technology 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201512100-109.
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The problems of development portable low-temperature hydrogen-air solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells (SPEFC), medium-temperature methane-air fuel cells (SOFC) and supercapacitors (SC) with pseudocapacity effect are described in the article. These devices are promising to use in a variety of vehicles, including the sector of the magnetic levitation transport, as an alternative to low-speed movement. The current trends in the development of nanocomposite electrode materials, electrolytes SPEFC, SOFC and the SC are analyzed briefly. Examples of the use of materials synthesized by various methods, including the sol-gel technology are, presented in the article
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Deng, Zigang, Jipeng Li, Weihua Zhang, Yanfeng Gou, Yu Ren, and Jun Zheng. "High-Temperature Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Vehicles: Dynamic Characteristics While Running on a Ring Test Line." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 12, no. 3 (September 2017): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2017.2700493.
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Nikitin, Victor V., Sergey Valer'evich Gulin, and Eugene G. Sereda. "Speed and position detecting systems for vehicle with linear synchronous motors." Transportation systems and technology 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20151285-99.
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In high-speed ground transport linear synchronous motors are used to create a traction force. Advantages of linear synchronous motors are precise control of traction force (does not depend on friction forces) and lack of wearing parts. Linear synchronous motors control systems use block diagrams with orientation on rotor flux linkage. In such systems, information about exact position of movable part allows splitting active and reactive components of stator currents and as result independent control of motor traction force and magnetic flux. Errors in determination position can lead to errors in d-q transformation what affect calculations performed in motor model, and impact on traction force. Moreover, information on position of vehicle is also important to ensure traffic safety. In conventional types of wheeled vehicles for determining speed and position contact probes and tachometers are used. However, in high-speed magnetic levitation transport non-contact sensors is needed. In addition, when creating control system delay in transmission of radio signals from vehicle to ground control unit should be taken into account. This paper revive methods of speed and location detection for industry and high-speed ground transportation systems with linear synchronous motors. Also, variant of speed and position detection system for freight Maglev was suggested.
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RYAZANOV, Eldar M., and Alexander Ed PAVLYUKOV. "SIMULATION OF EMERGENCY COLLISION OF A MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRAIN WITH AN OBSTACLE." Transportation systems and technology 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20151199-111.
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In the last decades much attention has been focused on improving the passive safety of automobile, aviation, railway and shipbuilding vehicles by means of development of special energy-absorbing devices (EAD). The operation principle of such devices is to absorb the kinetic energy of the collision with the obstacle by means of the controlled irreversible deformation of its own design [1]. The article proposes to implement these devices and passive safety systems to assess their effectiveness. The solution of this issue was carried out by the authors' methods of numerical simulation of emergency collision of a rolling stock with an obstacle [2-4]. The article demonstrates the simulated emergency crash system of the passenger magnetic levitation train. It consists of a front and undercar crash-modules. The first is mounted on the end part of the head car of the train to absorb the collision energy with a large obstacle in case of an accident. The second is designed to reduce the consequences of collisions with obstacles of relatively small sizes, able to break the floor or damage undercar equipment at high speed. Various designs and materials used for manufacturing of EAD were theoretically investigated using the developed model of emergency collision. In the result the assessment of work effectiveness of the designed emergency crash-system in accordance with the existing regulatory requirements for traffic safety was carried out.
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Vataev, Andrew S., Olga A. Dedova, and Victor V. Nikitin. "Efficiency of ferromagnetic shielding of superconducting coils of high-speed maglev crew." Modern Transportation Systems and Technologies 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20239219-32.
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Background: Magnetic levitation transport with combined traction, suspension and guidance systems based on superconducting coils (SCC) allows reaching speeds of up to 500600 km/h with a very significant (up to 150200 mm) air gap, which is an important factor in ensuring the safety of high-speed transportation. However, SCC are a source of strong external magnetic fields, which, in conditions of limited crew dimensions, can have a harmful effect on both passengers and on-board auxiliary equipment.
Aim: to analyze the external magnetic fields of the SCC systems for traction, suspension and direction of maglev vehicles and the effectiveness of ferromagnetic screens as a means of ensuring the electromagnetic safety of passengers and the electromagnetic compatibility of the SCC with other onboard equipment.
Materials and methods: to achieve this goal, methods of analytical and numerical modeling of the magnetic fields of the SCC using modern software packages were used. As a prototype of the combined magnetic system of traction, suspension and direction, the system of the MLX-L0 maglev vehicle, which is undergoing pilot commercial operation at the Yamanashi test line (Japan), was adopted.
Results: it is shown that the value of the external magnetic fields of the SCC of the traction and guiding systems in the passenger cabin of the prototype crew exceeds the maximum permissible levels established by domestic and foreign regulatory documents, both without shielding and with passive shielding with flat steel sheets.
Conclusion: passive shielding of the SCC with steel sheets, including multilayer ones, does not provide the required reduction in the level of external magnetic fields for a given vehicle dimensions.
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Jacob Abisam J and Siddharthan A. "Tuning of PID controller using genetic algorithm for an electromagnetic semi-active suspension system." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 4 (2023): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i04.035.
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Electromagnetic suspension of vehicles has advantage of improved ride comfort and drivability. Electromagnetic levitation has been in use in Maglev trains for smoother transportation. However, application of electromagnetic suspension system was limited by its cost and weight. This paper focuses study on use of an electromagnet and permanent magnet hybrid magnet setup and compares the control method to stabilize the suspension system by genetic algorithm optimization, auto tuning technique and fuzzy logic controller for tuning the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for making the system stable. MATLAB-Simulinkanalysis of hybrid magnetic suspension system show stabilization by reduction of the errors in the closed loop control system. Realization in a real time setup may be possible by varying the magnetic field developed in the electromagnet to control the force of repulsion between the electromagnet and permanent magnet.
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Kuznetsov, S. B. "Combined system of levitation, propulsion and guidance for Maglev vehicles using high-temperature superconducting magnetic potential well." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 5, no. 2 (June 1995): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.402625.
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Kolenchukov, O. A., E. A. Petrovsky, T. N. Kolenchukova, and A. Yu Mikhailov. "TECHNOLOGICAL ASSURANCE OF RELIABILITY OF HIGH-SPEED MIXING DEVICES BASED ON ADAPTIVE LEVITATION SUPPORTS." Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-138-146.
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Rotating machines are an important and crucial component of numerous mechanical systems in modern industry, vehicles and a number of other applications. Excessive vibrations on rotating equipment due to numerous faults can lead to machine failures and lead to accidents. Thus, there is a need to understand the dynamic nature and identify faults for safe, uninterrupted and efficient operation of machines. This paper proposes a new approach to assess misalignment in a test using the same concept as in an imbalance test when balancing the rotor of high-speed machines in the oil and gas industry. The misalignment of the active magnetic bearing with the rotor was investigated. To accomplish this methodology, a four-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of an unbalanced and misaligned rigid rotor and two offset disks supported by two active magnetic bearings was mathematically developed. Disks with displacement lead to a gyroscopic effect at high rotor speeds. The equations of motion of the rotor-bearing system were derived and solved in order to obtain a displacement of the rotor in the time domain and control the current responses in the positions of the magnetic bearing. The algorithm for identifying the estimation of the unbalance and misalignment parameters of the active magnetic bearing was carried out by using the fast Fourier transform method. The effectiveness of this method was estimated at rotor speeds from 100 to 350 rad/s. In the process of determining the efficiency, random modeling errors of 1, 2 and 5 % were also introduced to the mass of the rotor and the moment of inertia of the disk.
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Guo, Xiaoxia. "Permanent Magnet Motors in Energy Storage Flywheels." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 7, no. 3 (October 27, 2023): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v7i3.13273.
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Flywheel energy storage system stores energy in the form of mechanical energy and can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Flywheel energy storage is a mechanical energy storage system. Due to its high energy storage density, high power, high efficiency, long life, no pollution and other characteristics, it has a broad application prospect in the field of aerospace, power peaking, UPS, electric vehicles, high-power electromagnetic guns and so on. With the continuous development of magnetic levitation, composite materials, vacuum and other technologies, the current flywheel energy storage technology is mainly through the increase in the speed of the flywheel rotor to achieve energy storage, the continuous development of various technologies, so that the research of flywheel energy storage technology has stepped into the "high-speed" development period, and has been widely used in many fields. Application, and gradually become the focus of research in various countries.
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Sun, You-Gang, Jun-Qi Xu, Chen Chen, and Guo-Bin Lin. "Fuzzy H∞ robust control for magnetic levitation system of maglev vehicles based on T-S fuzzy model: Design and experiments." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 36, no. 2 (March 16, 2019): 911–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-169868.
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Jang, Seok-Myeong, Yu-Seop Park, So-Young Sung, Kyoung-Bok Lee, Han-Wook Cho, and Dae-Joon You. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Linear Induction Motor for Predicting Operating Performance of Magnetic Levitation Vehicles Based on Electromagnetic Field Theory." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 47, no. 10 (October 2011): 3673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2011.2153188.
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