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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic materials ; Magnetic resonance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kovalevskyy, S., and O. Kovalevska. "MAGNETIC RESONANCE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 3, no. 62 (2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.3.62.2020.04.

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Acoustic devices for determining the elasticity modulus based on the measurement of the samples frequency resonant oscillation due to the sample exposure to acoustic waves with consistently changed frequencies. Objective: Development of an algorithm for increasing the hardness of materials due to magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and methods: The paper shows the possibility of using as a uniform flux to influence the volume of thematerial of the magnetic field formed by powerful permanent magnets. The process of influencing the volume of material of the experimental samples was that the effect of a uniform magnetic flux permeating the sample is initiated in a result of resonant oscillations of the sample caused by broadband exposure of equal amplitude using a “white noise” generator and a piezoelectric emitter. Results: Treatment of samples of materials placed in a uniform magnetic field, resonant polyfrequency vibrations with nanoscale amplitude in the range of 20...80 nm, allows you to change the viscosity of the material, the modulus of elasticity of the material and the hardness of material samples to improve the performance of these materials . Conclusions: Nanoscale amplitudes of natural oscillations of objects of complex shape in energy fields, which include uniform magnetic fields, can correct the physical and mechanical properties of materials of such objects in order to achieve their identity or add strictly defined properties.

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2

McDonald, Peter, and John Strange. "Magnetic resonance and porous materials." Physics World 11, no. 7 (1998): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/11/7/28.

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3

Günther, H. "Magnetic resonance of porous materials." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 37, no. 13 (1999): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-458x(199912)37:133.0.co;2-t.

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4

Webb, A. G. "Dielectric materials in magnetic resonance." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A 38A, no. 4 (2011): 148–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.a.20219.

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5

van Slageren, J., S. Vongtragool, B. Gorshunov, et al. "Frequency-domain magnetic resonance spectroscopy of molecular magnetic materials." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, no. 18 (2003): 3837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b305328h.

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6

Di Tullio, Valeria, Donatella Capitani, Giorgio Trojsi, Silvia Vicini, and Noemi Proietti. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to investigate inorganic porous materials of interest in the cultural heritage field." European Journal of Mineralogy 27, no. 3 (2015): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2453.

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7

LISSAC, M., D. METROP, J. BRUGIRARD, et al. "Dental Materials and Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Investigative Radiology 26, no. 1 (1991): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199101000-00008.

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8

Vittoria, C. "Ferromagnetic resonance in layered magnetic materials." Journal of Applied Physics 57, no. 8 (1985): 3712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334999.

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9

Stannarius, Ralf. "Magnetic resonance imaging of granular materials." Review of Scientific Instruments 88, no. 5 (2017): 051806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983135.

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10

JOSEPHSON, LEE, and JEFFREY BIGLER. "The Magnetic Properties of Some Materials Affecting Magnetic Resonance Images." Investigative Radiology 26 (November 1991): S257—S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199111001-00088.

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11

Gogola, D., A. Krafčík, O. Štrbák, and I. Frollo. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Surgical Implants Made from Weak Magnetic Materials." Measurement Science Review 13, no. 4 (2013): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2013-0026.

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Materials with high magnetic susceptibility cause local inhomogeneities in the main field of the magnetic resonance (MR) tomograph. These inhomogeneities lead to loss of phase coherence, and thus to a rapid loss of signal in the image. In our research we investigated inhomogeneous field of magnetic implants such as magnetic fibers, designed for inner suture during surgery. The magnetic field inhomogeneities were studied at low magnetic planar phantom, which was made from four thin strips of magnetic tape, arranged grid-wise. We optimized the properties of imaging sequences with the aim to find the best setup for magnetic fiber visualization. These fibers can be potentially exploited in surgery for internal stitches. Stitches can be visualized by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method after surgery. This study shows that the imaging of magnetic implants is possible by using the low field MRI systems, without the use of complicated post processing techniques (e.g., IDEAL).

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12

Rhodes, Christopher J. "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Science Progress 100, no. 3 (2017): 241–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685017x14993478654307.

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Since the original observation by Zeeman, that spectral lines can be affected by magnetic fields, ‘magnetic spectroscopy’ has evolved into the broad arsenal of techniques known as ‘magnetic resonance’. This review focuses on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and muon spin resonance (μSR): methods which have provided unparalleled insight into the structures, reactivity and dynamics of molecules, and thereby contributed to a detailed understanding of important aspects of chemistry, and the materials, biomedical, and environmental sciences. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) are also described. EPR is outlined as a principal method for investigating free radicals, along with biomedical applications, and mention is given to the more recent innovation of pulsed EPR techniques. In the final section of the article, the various methods known as μSR are collected under the heading ‘muon spin resonance’, in order to emphasise their complementarity with the more familiar NMR and EPR.

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13

Frollo, I., P. Andris, D. Gogola, J. Pribil, L. Valkovic, and P. Szomolanyi. "Magnetic Field Variations Near Weak Magnetic Materials Studied by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 48, no. 8 (2012): 2334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2012.2191298.

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14

Beuf, O., A. Briguet, M. Lissac, and R. Davis. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Determination of Magnetic Susceptibility of Materials." Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B 112, no. 2 (1996): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmrb.1996.0120.

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15

Wiltshire, M. C. K. "Microstructured Magnetic Materials for RF Flux Guides in Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Science 291, no. 5505 (2001): 849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5505.849.

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16

Boguszynska, Joanna, Marc C. A. Brown, Peter J. McDonald, et al. "Magnetic resonance studies of cement based materials in inhomogeneous magnetic fields." Cement and Concrete Research 35, no. 10 (2005): 2033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.06.012.

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17

Berzhansky, V. N., S. N. Polulyakh, and Yu V. Tupitsin. "A Pulse Coherent Spectrometer of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Magnetic Materials." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 48, no. 6 (2005): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10786-005-0133-8.

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18

Stebbins, Jonathan F. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Geological Materials." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 5 (1992): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400041282.

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From the earliest days of extractive metallurgy, materials scientists and geoscientists have shared common ground. Experimental approaches, such as phase equilibrium and structural studies, are often similar, as are the questions asked in attempts to connect microscopic fundamentals to technologically desired or naturally observed bulk properties. The actual materials studied by both groups are often similar or even identical, such as silicate ceramics and glasses, magnetic oxides, and crystals based on the perovskite structure.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied to solid-state physics shortly after the technique was invented in 1946. Even at the start, many of the samples placed in magnets in physics laboratories were large single crystals of naturally occurring minerals such as gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O) and fluorite (CaF2), perhaps borrowed from mineralogist colleagues. In the last 10 years, however, applications to both the earth and materials science have rapidly expanded because of improvements in both technological capabilities and basic theory. Only work on inorganic materials will be discussed here, although 13C NMR studies have proved very useful in characterizing the complex, often inseparable mixtures of large organic molecules found in soils, kerogen, and coal. I will not attempt to thoroughly review the broad and fast growing literature in inorganic applications. Instead, I have chosen examples, primarily from our recent studies, to illustrate the scope of what is and will become possible.Several recent books clearly introduced the basic concepts of solid-state NMR, and applications to crystalline and glassy silicates as well as NMR at high temperature have been reviewed recently.

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19

Rawson, J. M., A. Alberola, H. El-Mkami, and G. M. Smith. "Antiferromagnetic resonance studies in molecular magnetic materials." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 65, no. 4 (2004): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.11.007.

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20

ADASHKEVICH, S. V., A. G. BAKAYEV, V. F. STELMAKH, et al. "MAGNETIC RESONANCE DIAGNOSTICS RADIO-ABSORBING COMPOSITE MATERIALS." Polymer materials and technologies 1, no. 1 (2015): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/polymmattech-2015-1-1-71-75.

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21

Botto, R. E., G. D. Cody, S. L. Dieckman, D. C. French, N. Gopalsami, and Philippe Rizo. "Three-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy of materials." Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 6, no. 4 (1996): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)01220-6.

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22

Oppelt, A., and T. Grandke. "Magnetic resonance imaging." Superconductor Science and Technology 6, no. 6 (1993): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/6/6/001.

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23

Kärger, Jörg, and Dieter Michel. "Magnetic resonance and zeolites." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 37, no. 13 (1999): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-458x(199912)37:133.0.co;2-4.

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24

Ivanchenko, E. A. "Magnetic resonance in an elliptic magnetic field." Physica B: Condensed Matter 358, no. 1-4 (2005): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2005.01.466.

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25

Yamato, Masafumi, and Tsunehisa Kimura. "Magnetic Processing of Diamagnetic Materials." Polymers 12, no. 7 (2020): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071491.

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Currently, materials scientists and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopists have easy access to high magnetic fields of approximately 10 T supplied by superconducting magnets. Neodymium magnets that generate magnetic fields of approximately 1 T are readily available for laboratory use and are widely used in daily life applications, such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Such common access to magnetic fields—unexpected 30 years ago—has helped researchers discover new magnetic phenomena and use such phenomena to process diamagnetic materials. Although diamagnetism is well known, it is only during the last 30 years that researchers have applied magnetic processing to various classes of diamagnetic materials such as ceramics, biomaterials, and polymers. The magnetic effects that we report herein are largely attributable to the magnetic force, magnetic torque, and magnetic enthalpy that in turn, directly derive from the well-defined magnetic energy. An example of a more complex magnetic effect is orientation of crystalline polymers under an applied magnetic field; researchers do not yet fully understand the crystallization mechanism. Our review largely focuses on polymeric materials. Research topics such as magnetic effect on chiral recognition are interesting yet beyond our scope.

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26

Morais, Paulo C., Judes G. Santos, K. Skeff Neto, Fernando Pelegrini, and Marcel De Cuyper. "Magnetic resonance of magnetic fluid and magnetoliposome preparations." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 293, no. 1 (2005): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.01.069.

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27

Shokrollahi, H., A. Khorramdin, and Gh Isapour. "Magnetic resonance imaging by using nano-magnetic particles." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 369 (November 2014): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.06.023.

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28

Shimizu, K., and T. Hori. "Nuclear magnetic resonance study of magnetic properties of." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310, no. 2 (2007): 1874–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.670.

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29

Figueiredo, L. C., B. M. Lacava, K. Skeff Neto, F. Pelegrini, and P. C. Morais. "Magnetic resonance study of maghemite-based magnetic fluid." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 320, no. 14 (2008): e347-e350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.02.069.

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30

Wu, Kevin J., T. Stan Gregory, Brian L. Boland, et al. "Magnetic resonance conditional paramagnetic choke for suppression of imaging artifacts during magnetic resonance imaging." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 6 (2018): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918771098.

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Higher risk patient populations require continuous physiological monitoring and, in some cases, connected life-support systems, during magnetic resonance imaging examinations. While recently there has been a shift toward wireless technology, some of the magnetic resonance imaging devices are still connected to the outside using cabling that could interfere with the magnetic resonance imaging’s radio frequency during scanning, resulting in excessive heating. We developed a passive method for radio frequency suppression on cabling that may assist in making some of these devices magnetic resonance imaging compatible. A barrel-shaped strongly paramagnetic choke was developed to suppress induced radio frequency signals which are overlaid onto physiological monitoring leads during magnetic resonance imaging. It utilized a choke placed along the signal lines, with a gadolinium solution core. The choke’s magnetic susceptibility was modeled, for a given geometric design, at increasing chelate concentration levels, and measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Radio frequency noise suppression versus frequency was quantified with network-analyzer measurements and tested using cabling placed in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Temperature-elevation and image-quality reduction due to the device were measured using American Society for Testing and Materials phantoms. Prototype chokes with gadolinium solution cores exhibited increasing magnetic susceptibility, and insertion loss (S21) also showed higher attenuation as gadolinium concentration increased. Image artifacts extending <4 mm from the choke were observed during magnetic resonance imaging, which agreed well with the predicted ∼3 mm artifact from the electrochemical machining simulation. An accompanying temperature increase of <1 °C was observed in the magnetic resonance imaging phantom trial. An effective paramagnetic choke for radio frequency suppression during magnetic resonance imaging was developed and its performance demonstrated.

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31

Schmool, David S., Daniel Markó, Ko-Wei Lin, et al. "Ferromagnetic Resonance Studies in Magnetic Nanosystems." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 9 (2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7090126.

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Ferromagnetic resonance is a powerful method for the study of all classes of magnetic materials. The experimental technique has been used for many decades and is based on the excitation of a magnetic spin system via a microwave (or rf) field. While earlier methods were based on the use of a microwave spectrometer, more recent developments have seen the widespread use of the vector network analyzer (VNA), which provides a more versatile measurement system at almost comparable sensitivity. While the former is based on a fixed frequency of excitation, the VNA enables frequency-dependent measurements, allowing more in-depth analysis. We have applied this technique to the study of nanostructured thin films or nanodots and coupled magnetic layer systems comprised of exchange-coupled ferromagnetic layers with in-plane and perpendicular magnetic anisotropies. In the first system, we have investigated the magnetization dynamics in Co/Ag bilayers and nanodots. In the second system, we have studied Permalloy (Ni80Fe20, hereafter Py) thin films coupled via an intervening Al layer of varying thickness to a NdCo film which has perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.

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32

Hong, Hyun Sook, Deuk Lin Choi, Ki Jung Kim, and Won Hyuck Suh. "Artifacts by dental materials on magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 28, no. 3 (1992): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.1992.28.3.463.

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33

Ritchey, William M., Laurie Maylish-KOGOVSEK, and Anton S. Wallner. "Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Materials Research." Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 29, no. 3-4 (1994): 233–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05704929408000560.

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34

Morozov, E. V., and V. M. Bouznik. "Magnetic resonance imaging of polymer materials and products." Polymer materials and technologies 6, no. 4 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/polymmattech-2020-6-4-5-5.

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35

Oommen, Joanna Mary, Muhammad Mustafa Hussain, Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas, Praveen Agarwal, and Lynden A. Archer. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Nanoscale Ionic Materials." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 13, no. 11 (2010): K87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3477935.

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36

Rameev, Bulat, Georgy Mozzhukhin, and Bekir Aktaş. "Magnetic Resonance Detection of Explosives and Illicit Materials." Applied Magnetic Resonance 43, no. 4 (2012): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00723-012-0423-9.

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37

Iwamiya, J. H., and S. W. Sinton. "Stray-field magnetic resonance imaging of solid materials." Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 6, no. 4 (1996): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)01208-7.

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38

Segre, A. L., D. Capitani, M. Malinconico, E. Martuscelli, D. Gross, and V. Leheman. "Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy of multicomponent polymeric materials." Journal of Materials Science Letters 12, no. 10 (1993): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00626700.

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39

Kim, Min-Joo, Seu-Ran Lee, Kyu-Ho Song, Hyeon-Man Baek, Bo-Young Choe, and Tae Suk Suh. "Development of a hybrid magnetic resonance/computed tomography-compatible phantom for magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy." Journal of Radiation Research 61, no. 2 (2020): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrz094.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to develop a hybrid magnetic resonance/computed tomography (MR/CT)-compatible phantom and tissue-equivalent materials for each MR and CT image. Therefore, the essential requirements necessary for the development of a hybrid MR/CT-compatible phantom were determined and the development process is described. A total of 12 different tissue-equivalent materials for each MR and CT image were developed from chemical components. The uniformity of each sample was calculated. The developed phantom was designed to use 14 plugs that contained various tissue-equivalent materials. Measurement using the developed phantom was performed using a 3.0-T scanner with 32 channels and a Somatom Sensation 64. The maximum percentage difference of the signal intensity (SI) value on MR images after adding K2CO3 was 3.31%. Additionally, the uniformity of each tissue was evaluated by calculating the percent image uniformity (%PIU) of the MR image, which was 82.18 ±1.87% with 83% acceptance, and the average circular-shaped regions of interest (ROIs) on CT images for all samples were within ±5 Hounsfield units (HU). Also, dosimetric evaluation was performed. The percentage differences of each tissue-equivalent sample for average dose ranged from −0.76 to 0.21%. A hybrid MR/CT-compatible phantom for MR and CT was investigated as the first trial in this field of radiation oncology and medical physics.

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40

Mantilla, J. C., W. M. Pontuschka, L. F. Gamarra, et al. "Magnetic resonance in the Zn1−xMnxIn2Se4dilute magnetic semiconductor system." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 17, no. 17 (2005): 2755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/17/025.

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41

Rösch, P., M. T. Kelemen, E. Dormann, G. Tomka, and P. C. Riedi. "Magnetic structures of GdMn6Ge6- a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 12, no. 6 (2000): 1065–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/12/6/324.

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42

Leyer, S., G. Fischer, E. Dormann, A. Budziak, and H. Figiel. "Magnetic ordering of TbMn2D2- a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 13, no. 27 (2001): 6115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/13/27/305.

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43

Ellis, Connor M., Juan Pellico, and Jason J. Davis. "Magnetic Nanoparticles Supporting Bio-responsive T1/T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244096.

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The use of nanoparticulate systems as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well-established and known to facilitate an enhanced image sensitivity within scans of a particular pathological region of interest. Such a capability can enable both a non-invasive diagnosis and the monitoring of disease progression/response to treatment. In this review, magnetic nanoparticles that exhibit a bio-responsive MR relaxivity are discussed, with pH-, enzyme-, biomolecular-, and protein-responsive systems considered. The ability of a contrast agent to respond to a biological stimulus provides not only enriched diagnostic capabilities over corresponding non-responsive analogues, but also an improved longitudinal monitoring of specific physiological conditions.

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44

Zhou, Zijian, Lijiao Yang, Jinhao Gao, and Xiaoyuan Chen. "Structure-Relaxivity Relationships of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Advanced Materials 31, no. 8 (2019): 1804567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804567.

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45

Gill, Veenu. "Specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings as Predictors of Osteomyelitis in Routine Clinical Practice." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 07, no. 02 (2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/148.

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Background: The gold standard for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis is histopathology combined with positive bone cultures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is often used to aide diagnosis and guide treatment decisions. The purpose of the study was to examine the association of MRI findings with, and their sensitivity and specificity in identifying osteomyelitis as proven by bone histopathology and bone culture in routine clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with bone specimens obtained by biopsy or at resection for suspected osteomyelitis during 2010-2014 at an academic medical center in New York City. We used bivariate analysis to compare findings of patients who did or did not have osteomyelitis confirmed on histopathology (Analysis 1) and those who had either bone histopathology demonstrating osteomyelitis, positive bone cultures or both or who had neither (Analysis 2). Results: We identified 103 patients with an MRI in the week prior to bone biopsy or bone resection. In Analysis 1, 52 (50.5%) of 103 patients had osteomyelitis confirmed on histopathology. In Analysis 2, 72 (70%) patients had proven osteomyelitis. These groups with and without osteomyelitis did not differ significantly with respect to the frequency of marrow edema, cortical erosions, decreased T1 signal or increased T2 signal in either analysis and the sensitivity and specificity of MRI findings for detecting osteomyelitis was lower than reported in prior studies. Conclusions: Based on the above results, clinicians should be aware that the sensitivity and specificity of MRI findings for histologic and microbiologic osteomyelitis may be less in real world practice than is reported in formal studies.

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46

Allodi, G., A. Banderini, R. De Renzi, and C. Vignali. "HyReSpect: A broadband fast-averaging spectrometer for nuclear magnetic resonance of magnetic materials." Review of Scientific Instruments 76, no. 8 (2005): 083911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2009868.

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47

Barbatti, C. F., E. H. C. P. Sinnecker, R. S. Sarthour, and A. P. Guimarães. "Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the crystallization kinetics in soft magnetic nanocrystalline materials." Journal of Applied Physics 91, no. 10 (2002): 8432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1456388.

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48

Beuf, Olivier, Michèle Lissac, Yannick Crémillieux, and André Briguet. "Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging disturbances and the magnetic susceptibility of dental materials." Dental Materials 10, no. 4 (1994): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0109-5641(94)90072-8.

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49

Kwong, Kenneth. "Functional magnetic resonance imaging." International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 6, no. 2-3 (1995): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060202.

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50

Prasad, Pottumarthi V., Robert R. Edelman, and Richard B. Buxton. "Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging." International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 6, no. 2-3 (1995): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060214.

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