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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic solenoid'
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1
Ha, Hyejin, Taehun Jang, Sang Ho Sohn, and Junghwa Kim. "Magnetic Force between a Multilayered Solenoid and a Magnet." Physics Teacher 60, no. 8 (2022): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0053248.
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A solenoid is a coil wound many times on a cylinder of length greater than its diameter. Solenoids are mainly used as electromagnets, because a magnetic field is formed when current flows through a solenoid. The solenoid described in secondary school and university textbooks is a single-layered solenoid. Further, textbooks and papers focusing on education primarily describe the magnetic fields caused by infinite solenoids. However, most solenoids used in laboratory or daily life are finite solenoids with multiple layers to achieve a strong magnetic field. Examples include solenoid valves, Faraday rotators, and modulators.
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Saparullah, Saparullah, Hana Indah Pertiwi Arimi, and Resti Ayu Ningrum. "Analisis Medan Magnet Di Luar Sumbu Solenoida Dengan Sensor Efek Hall SS49E 3 Dimensi." Jurnal Mosfet 5, no. 1 (2025): 137–46. https://doi.org/10.31850/jmosfet.v5i1.3645.
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This study analyzes the distribution of the magnetic field outside a solenoid using an experimental and theoretical approach with the Hall effect sensor SS49E, amplified by the IC LM358. Measurements were conducted in three dimensions to characterize the magnetic field along the solenoid. The experimental results indicate that the magnetic field distribution is non-uniform, with the highest intensity near the solenoid's ends and a minimum value at its center. Empirical data were compared with a theoretical model based on Biot-Savart’s law, showing a 98% correlation, which indicates the accuracy of the measurement method used. This research provides additional insights into the magnetic field outside solenoids and it can be an excellent school project for undergraduate students.
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Wang, Nianying, Changnan Chen, Pu Chen, et al. "MEMS-Casting Fabricated Chip-Style 3D Metal Solenoidal Transformers towards Integrated Power Supply." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020325.
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A silicon-chip-based 3D metal solenoidal transformer is proposed and developed to achieve AC-DC conversion for integrated power supply applications. With wafer-level micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication technique to form the metal casting mold and the following micro-casting technique to rapidly (within 6 min) fill molten ZnAl alloy into the pre-micromachined silicon mold, 45-turns primary solenoid and 7-turns secondary solenoid are fabricated in silicon wafers, where the two intertwining solenoids are located at inner deck and outer deck, respectively. Permalloy soft magnetic core is inserted into a pre-etched channel in the silicon chip, which is surrounded by the solenoids. The size of the chip-style transformer is as small as 8.5 mm × 6.6 mm × 2.5 mm. The internal resistance of the primary solenoid is 1.82 Ω and that of the secondary solenoid is 0.16 Ω. The working frequency of the transformer is 60 kHz. Combined with the testing circuit of the switch mode power supply, the DC voltage of 13.02 V is obtained when the input is 110 V at 50 Hz/60 Hz. Furthermore, the on-chip 3D solenoidal transformer is used for lighting four LEDs, which shows great potential for AC-DC power supply. The wafer-level fabricated chip-style solenoidal AC-DC transformer for integrated power supply is advantageous in uniform fabrication, small size and volume applications.
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Dr. Ch. Rambabu, B. Dharani, A.S.L. Manogna, J. Bindu Sri, and J. Akshay Kumar. "Material Selection and Performance Evaluation of Modern Solenoids Using ANSYS." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1786–89. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2025.0258.
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The efficiency and performance of solenoid actuators are highly dependent on material selection, which influences key electromagnetic properties such as force generation, Solenoids play a critical role in various engineering applications, including automotive systems, electromagnetic actuators, industrial automation, and magnetic flux density, and energy efficiency. This study evaluates the impact of different core materials on solenoid performance using finite element analysis (FEA). A solenoid actuator model is developed in ANSYS Maxwell, where six soft magnetic materials—Cast Iron, Hyperco50, Iron, Steel 1008, Steel 1010, and NO20—are analyzed under identical operating conditions. The study investigates magnetic field distribution, force output using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate transient electromagnetic behavior.
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Ishikuro, K., K. Takahashi, T. Sasaki, et al. "Effect of solenoidal magnetic field on ion charge state distribution in laser ion source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (2024): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012061.
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Abstract Applying a solenoidal magnetic field to a laser produced plasma is a method to increase the ion beam current supplied from a laser ion source to applications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the solenoid magnetic field on the charge state distribution of the ion beam extracted from the laser ion source. A plasma generated by a Nd: YAG laser was injected into the solenoid lens with a length of 25 mm. The current waveforms of ion beams extracted from the laser produced plasmas were measured as a function of solenoidal field strength. In addition, the variation of beam current waveforms for each charge state ion was investigated. The results indicated that the charge state distribution in the plasma was kept after focusing by the solenoid magnetic field.
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Muddasir, Fadhil, and Siti Nurul Khotimah. "Simulasi Numerik Distribusi Medan Magnet Aksial dan Radial pada Solenoida Berhingga Berbasis MATLAB." Jurnal sosial dan sains 5, no. 6 (2025): 1603–13. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v5i6.32267.
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This study aims to numerically analyze the distribution of axial and radial magnetic fields in a finite solenoid using MATLAB software. The simulation is based on classical magnetic field theory, particularly the Biot–Savart law, along with Pathak's analytical approach for modeling the radial field component. The primary focus is to understand the magnetic field behavior around a solenoid of finite length, which is commonly used in various electromagnetic applications. The simulation results reveal that the axial magnetic field remains relatively uniform within the central region of the solenoid but decreases significantly near its ends due to the fringe field effect. Meanwhile, the radial magnetic field outside the solenoid exhibits an exponential decay with increasing radial distance from the axis, consistent with the behavior of a magnetic dipole field. These findings offer preliminary validation of the theoretical models applied in the simulation while emphasizing the need for further experimental verification. This research is expected to contribute to the design, development, and optimization of experimental devices involving finite solenoids, particularly in applied physics and electromagnetic engineering contexts.
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Zhou, Qi. "Magnetic Actuating Alcolock Device with Double Plunger Solenoids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.101.
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In order to construct a simply structured alcolock device for autocar steering safety, the plunger solenoid with the conical face pole form is utilized to fabricate a electromagnetic actuating unit with double plunger solenoids. The unit can generate a electromagnetic actuation with long travel to complete the coverage of auto start-up lock hole and hence to stop the vehicle launch; the magnetic actuation is controlled by using a alcohol sensing system, and the shutting function for starting-up lock hole is generated by a baffle installed at the top of plunger solenoids as the actuating control is started up on the basis of an alcohol sensing signal. The plunger solenoid with conical face pole form possesses the output characteristic of long stroke and steady stroke force.
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Sai Tharun, G., K. Anasuya Samhitha, D. Honey, et al. "Exploring Electromagnetic Engine Propulsion: Design of a Next-Gen Engine." E3S Web of Conferences 591 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459103004.
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The pursuit of innovative and sustainable engine technologies has led to the exploration of electromagnetic solenoid engines as a potential alternative to traditional internal combustion engines, specifically within the context of electric vehicles (EVs). This work aims to design, build, and test a prototype electromagnetic solenoid engine, leveraging the principles of electromagnetism to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion suitable for EV applications. The solenoid engine operates by using electric current to generate a magnetic field within solenoids, which in turn drives a piston to produce linear motion. Through detailed simulations and experimental prototypes, key performance metrics such as energy efficiency, power output, thermal management, and system durability are examined. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of various design parameters, including solenoid coil configuration, magnetic materials, and control strategies, on the overall performance of the engine. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of using electromagnetic solenoids for electric vehicle propulsion, highlighting potential benefits in terms of reduced emissions, lower noise levels, and enhanced efficiency. This research contributes to the advancement of green propulsion technologies, providing valuable insights for the development of next-generation sustainable engines for electric vehicles.
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Joudah Hussein, Bushra. "Effect the Magnetic Field on the Focus of Ion Beam from Plasma Source." Journal of Kufa-Physics 16, no. 01 (2024): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2024/v16.i01.14242.
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One of the main component transport systems is a solenoid magnet, so in this study, a computational study was carried out to calculate some parameters of a solenoidal magnet. The most efficient technique to describe and track the charged particle beam along any optical system (in this example, a plasma source and two drift space areas before and after the solenoid magnet) is by theoretical analysis utilizing matrix representation, which has been provided. The configuration of the ion optical system necessary to create the magnetic identification focus and defocus the ion beam to the target using Matlab computational tools determines many magnet design elements, including magnetic rigidity, magnification, and focusing strength factor. The results demonstrate that a solenoid magnet functions as a convergent lens but can, under some circumstances, transform into a divergent lens. Additionally, changes in the solenoid magnetic field (B) affect the focusing of the beam that passes through the system, as indicated by the magnification values.
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Ivanov, B. V. "Gravitational Effects in a Spherical Solenoid." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 05 (1997): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397000285.
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The weak field approximation is applied to the Ernst equations in the magnetovac case. The global gravitational solution induced by the magnetic field of a spherical solenoid is found. Effects like the acceleration at rest and the tension in the solenoid's shell are studied.
11
Abdelhadi, Namoune, Taleb Rachid, and Mansour Noureddine. "Design and modeling of solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo in high frequency." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 18, no. 4 (2020): 1746–53. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i4.12139.
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In this work, the design and modeling of the solenoid inductor are discussed. The layout of integrated inductors with magnetic cores and their geometrical parameters are developed. The quality factor Q and inductance value L are derived from the S-parameters and plotted versus frequency. The effect of solenoid inductor geometry on inductance and quality factor are studied via simulation using MATLAB. The solenoid inductor geometry parameters considered are the turn’s number, the magnetic core length, the width of a magnetic core, the gap between turns, the magnetic core thickness, the coil thickness, and solenoid inductor oxide thickness. The performance of the proposed solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo is compared with other solenoid inductors.
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Arifianto, Deny, Suryani Dyah Astuti, Perwira Annissa Dyah Permatasari, et al. "Design and Application of Near Infrared LED and Solenoid Magnetic Field Instrument to Inactivate Pathogenic Bacteria." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (2023): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040848.
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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of infrared LEDs with a magnetic solenoid field in lowering the quantity of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as the best exposure period and energy dose for inactivating these bacteria. Method: Research has been performed on a photodynamic therapy technique called photodynamic inactivation (PDI), which combines infrared LED light with a wavelength range of 951–952 nm and a solenoid magnetic field with a strength of 0–6 mT. The two, taken together, can potentially harm the target structure biologically. Infrared LED light and an AC-generated solenoid magnetic field are both applied to bacteria to measure the reduction in viability. Three different treatments infrared LED, solenoid magnetic field, and an amalgam of infrared LED and solenoid magnetic field, were used in this study. A factorial statistical ANOVA analysis was utilized in this investigation. Results: The maximum bacterial production was produced by irradiating a surface for 60 min at a dosage of 0.593 J/cm2, according to the data. The combined use of infrared LEDs and a magnetic field solenoid resulted in the highest percentage of fatalities for Staphylococcus aureus, which was 94.43 s. The highest percentage of inactivation for Escherichia coli occurred in the combination treatment of infrared LEDs and a magnetic field solenoid, namely, 72.47 ± 5.06%. In contrast, S. aureus occurred in the combined treatment of infrared LEDs and a magnetic field solenoid, 94.43 ± 6.63 percent. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli germs are inactivated using infrared illumination and the best solenoid magnetic fields. This is evidenced by the rise in the proportion of bacteria that died in treatment group III, which used a magnetic solenoid field and infrared LEDs to deliver a dosage of 0.593 J/cm2 over 60 min. According to the research findings, the magnetic field of the solenoid and the infrared LED field significantly impact the gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and the gram-negative bacteria E. coli.
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Khadilkar, Rushikesh. "Generating a Greater Magnetic Force Using a Single Winding Transformer as a Solenoid." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29908.
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This paper puts forth an effective way of increasing the magnetic force developed by a solenoid coil using a single winding transformer with its core and E- shaped stampings. A solenoid coil is a device which consists of copper wire wound on a core or bobbin. It produces a magnetic field when electric current is passed through the coil. A varying magnetic force using a solenoid coil can be generated using a different value of electric current. Keywords- Solenoid, coil, Transformer, Stampings, magnetic force.
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Федоров, С. В. "Влияние магнитного поля удлиненного соленоида на деформирование металлических кумулятивных струй". Журнал технической физики 90, № 10 (2020): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.10.49800.388-19.
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The inertial stretching of a metal shaped-charge jet in the magnetic field of a long solenoid is considered. The purpose of the magnetic field influence on the shaped-charge jet is to slow down the development of plastic instability of the jet with an increase in its ultimate elongation and penetration ability. Using a number of simplifying assumptions, an analytical description of electromagnetic processes in the jet section during its motion in the solenoid cavity and after exit from it is obtained. The induction heating of the jet section and the stress state in it under the action of electromagnetic forces are calculated in relation to the conditions of previous experiments with the influence of the magnetic field of solenoids on shaped-charge jets. The obtained results are used to substantiate the hypothesis about the possible cause of a large discrepancy in the experimental data of different authors on the increase in the penetrative action of shaped charges.
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Xu, Lei, Lai Sen Wang, Xiao Long Liu, et al. "Integrated Solenoid Inductor with [FeCoSiN/SiNx]18 Multilayer Magnetic Film for GHz Applications." Materials Science Forum 833 (November 2015): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.833.85.
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In this work, we explored the solenoid inductor integrated [FeCoSiN/SiNx]18 multilayer magnetic film as magnetic core used in GHz range. The multilayer magnetic film was employed due to its high resistivity and excellent soft magnetic properties even in GHz range. It was found that this magnetic core material can dramatically increase the performance of the solenoid inductor, which presenting a 10-fold improvement in the inductance and a 23-fold enhancement in the quality factor at 1.67 GHz in comparison to those of the air core solenoid inductor. Besides, an inductance density of 27 nH/mm2 and a self-resonant frequency of 3 GHz were also achieved. The results indicated that the solenoid inductor with multilayer magnetic core showed good high frequency characteristics.
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I.M., Fabbri. "The Spiral Solenoids and the Leaf Antenna in Phyllotaxis Differential Geometry." Boson Journal of Modern Physics 4, no. 2 (2018): 338–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3969323.
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In this paper new classes of spiral thin filamentary wire magnetic coils and antennas are introduced theoretically. This study shows that the thin wire circular loop coil as well as the cylindrical solenoid are particular cases of these classes. If the small spiral filamentary wire leaf loop coil is driven by an alternating electrical current, it will radiate as an antenna. The fundamental spiral coil named leaf coil is obtained by joining together the so called forward and backward spiral coils which define the new concept of the differential geometry of phyllotaxis. The other spiral coils are composed of symmetrically rotated leaf coils, combined together in such a way to eliminate the transverse magnetic components along the longitudinal z axis. The magnetic moments and the multi-pole expansions of the various types of spiral loop coils are obtained by using the Taylor series of the spiral vector magnetic potentials. According to the formulas and simulations, the magnetic flux density created by the long spiral solenoids is uniform and is equal to that created by the long cylindrical solenoid. The bifolium coil may be flattened along one axis to meet the requirements of specific geometrical needs of space technology. Moreover, the crown solenoids may be cooled down to low temperatures by exploiting the holes in between their coils. Applications of the spiral induction coils are countless and can be found in space technology measurements, spacecraft magnetic shielding, telemetry, telecommunication, electron optics, physics and engineering.
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Zhang, Xing Cheng, Jian Qiang Liu, Mao Kui Li, and Yun Xu Fu. "Remote Measurement of Magnetic Field Distribution in the Solenoid." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 1591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1591.
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This paper presented an innovative approach to implement physics experiment by remote measurement system. In the experiment of magnetic field distribution in the solenoid, a two channel programmable current source was adopted, one channel of the programmable current source was used to incentive the solenoid to produce magnetic field and the other was used for the Hall probe to generate Hall voltage. The Hall probe was controlled by a step motor to different positions of the solenoid. The Hall voltage and the position curve were obtained by the measurement system showed the magnetic field distribution of the solenoid. The entire experiment was done via the internet to realize the remote experiment.
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Getman, Andriy, and Oleksandr Konstantinov. "Improvement of the uniformity of the magnetic field inside a short solenoid by the end winding system." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, no. 2 (10) (December 17, 2023): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2023.2.06.
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Improving the level of homogeneity of the magnetic field in the middle of the working volume of a short solenoid makes it possible to improve devices for demagnetizing technical objects and studying the magnetic properties of materials. One of the means of increasing the level of homogeneity of the magnetic field in the middle of the solenoid is to approximate the shape of its winding to the closed surface. The use of a system of a solenoid and two end axisymmetric current windings with a common current source is proposed as such a surface. A mathematical model of the scalar potential of the magnetic field of such a system was built using spherical harmonic analysis, and functional dependences of the current density on each surface were obtained for its first harmonic, which is the dipole component of the magnetic field. Formulas for calculating the number of turns in the end windings and the geometric parameters of their arrangement and the simulated total magnetic field inside the proposed system are obtained. A comparative analysis of the homogeneity of the magnetic field created by a separate solenoid and a solenoid with end windings, depending on the geometry of the system, was conducted. The use of end windings significantly improves the uniformity of the magnetic field near the ends, especially on the axis of the solenoid. Due to this, the efficiency of the end windings significantly depends on the solenoid elongation indicator and allows you to increase the working volume by 5-20%, depending on this indicator. The proposed system makes it possible to obtain a magnetic field with a maximum deviation of 5% from uniformity for a solenoid elongation index of 2. As the elongation increases, the efficiency of the end windings decreases and for systems with an elongation of 10 or more, their use becomes impractical. The results of the analysis testify to the effectiveness of using the proposed system in devices for demagnetizing technical products that differ in a small indicator of the elongation of the working solenoid - primarily devices that create a uniform magnetic field with an amplitude decreasing over time of 240 A/m and are used in particular to remove soft residual magnetization from elements of space vehicles
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Abidin, Zainal, Eko Siswanto, Widya Wijayanti, and Winarto Winarto. "The effect of coating concentration of curcumin: H2O on copper winding characteristics." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 6 (123) (2023): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.275727.
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Each coil of copper produces a magnetic field and the total field inside the solenoid will be the sum of the fields caused by each coil of current. If the solenoid coils are very closely spaced, the internal field will be essentially parallel to the axis except at the very ends. To find out the magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid, you can use Ampere’s law, namely B=μo∙N∙I, where B is the magnetic field strength (T), µo is air permeability (4×10‒7 T m/A), N is the number of turns and I is an electric current. The value of B depends on the number of turns per unit length, N, and current I. The field is independent of the position inside the solenoid, so the value of B is uniform. This only applies to infinite solenoids, but is a good approximation for actual points that are not near the ends of the solenoid. The research object is 4 identical copper coils with a length of 3 cm, a coil diameter of 2 cm, a cross section of 1.5 mm2 with an inductance value of 2.17 µH. Before coating curcumin on the copper winding, the initial value of the magnetic field strength was 2.54 µTesla. After the coating process of curcumin:H2O concentration, the value of the magnetic field strength increased. The method used was immersing 4 copper coils with an inductance value of 2.17 µH in curcumin:H2O concentration in a 100 ml volume measuring cup, with the respective concentrations: (20 %:80 %), (40 %:60 %), (60 %:40 %), (80 %:20 %) in a certain time. Then the copper coil conductor is supplied with a 5-volt DC voltage source. Then the value of the magnetic field strength (B) and electric current is measured, the results are compared with the system before immersing the copper coil. The measurement results showed that the values of electric current and magnetic field strength increased after curcumin coating compared to before treatment. To see the bonding performance of curcumin and copper, the FTIR test and simulation of the curcumin: copper bond were carried out using Avogadro software. In the IR test, there is a strong absorption of aromatic C-C from 1,650 cm-1 to 1,500 cm-1. Whereas in the simulation, the bond between copper and curcumin produces a bond energy of 164.532 kJ/mol or equivalent to 171.12×10-2 eV
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Takahashi, Kazunori, and Ryoji Imai. "Two-dimensional deflection of a plasma plume exhausted from a magnetically steered radiofrequency plasma thruster." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 5 (2022): 054501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090476.
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Two-dimensional steering of a magnetic nozzle in a radio frequency plasma thruster is performed by mounting four small additional solenoids in addition to a main solenoid providing the axisymmetric magnetic nozzle. The cross-sectional profile of the ion saturation current is measured by a Langmuir probe array aligned along the radial axis, which is rotated to perform the spatial scan in the cross section of the plume. The measurements show that the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal deflections of the plume can be controlled by the electric currents supplied to the four additional solenoids. Since the deflections of the magnetic nozzle and the plume can provide the thrust vector control as demonstrated in previous studies, the present result leads a two-dimensional thrust vector control in the magnetic nozzle radio frequency plasma thruster.
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Nurimam, Ahmad, and Riky Dwi Puriyatno. "Solenoid as a wheeled KRSBI robot kicking mechanism." Signal and Image Processing Letters 4, no. 1 (2023): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.31763/simple.v4i1.37.
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Some types of kickers used are kicker mechanisms using spring, pneumatic, and solenoid. One of the uses of the magnetic field is to use a solenoid as a kicking mechanism in a robot, the magnetic field generated from the solenoid is able to move the plunger or iron core, designing the tool using copper weighing 2 kg. The problem faced is that the kick is not far away and the effects of the electromagnetic field generated from the solenoid can interfere with the electronic system on the robot. In this study, making a solenoid with the middle dimensions on the solenoid to 41 mm and the diameter of the plunger to 38 mm and using a cover with an iron faraday cage method with a thickness of 2 mm to minimize the magnetic field generated from the solenoid. In this study, the mechanism solenoid consists of 1 mm enamel wire and has a copper winding with a total of 1210 windings, in the power supply of a 12V Li-Po battery which is stepped up in its voltage to 400V and stored in a capacitor using a capacity of 5600 μF. By applying a solenoid voltage of 400V and a current of 4 A and being able to produce kicks with a distance of more than 6.68 meters, the height of which is able to pass through obstacles or obstacles.
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Abedinifar, Masoud, Seniz Ertugrul, and Gokhan Tansel Tayyar. "Design optimization of a solenoid actuator using particle swarm optimization algorithm with multiple objectives." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 11 (2022): 168781322211357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221135737.
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Solenoid actuators are well-known components that convert electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy. For control purposes, it is requested to have a high magnetic force that stays almost constant in the working region of the actuator. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to have an optimal geometrical design of the actuator. In this study, the following steps are performed to optimize the geometry of the solenoid actuator. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed, and the results of the simulation is verified with the experimental data. The effect of all geometrical parameters on the characteristics of the magnetic force is investigated. The parameters that highly affect the magnetic force are chosen as design optimization parameters. Then, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is realized to find optimal parameters. The algorithm consists of two objective functions being combined into a single objective function. It includes a higher and more consistent magnetic force in the effective working region of the solenoid. Finally, the solenoid actuator with optimized parameters is manufactured, and the results are compared. They show that the optimized solenoid actuator satisfies one of the objective functions, and magnetic force stays almost constant in the working region of the solenoid actuator.
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Hwang, Ji Yong, Seong Je Park, Yong Son, and Hyo Yun Jung. "Influence of In Situ Magnetic Field on Magnetic Properties of a Bonded Permanent Magnet Manufactured through Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." Metals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13101653.
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In this study, a material extrusion (MEX) nozzle for fabricating bond magnets was designed to form a unidirectional magnetic field with a solenoid. The hard magnetic properties of the bonded magnets were enhanced by induced magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic field strength for magnetic alignment was controlled by the current applied to the solenoid, and the magnetic field strength formed at the bottom of the solenoid was approximately 10 mT. When a magnetic field was applied to the magnetic particles in filaments, magnetic spins and domains that existed in spherical magnetic particles were magnetically rotated and preferentially aligned with the induced magnetic field. Subsequently, as the polymer matrix was softened by the heat generated by the current induced in the solenoid, bonded magnets were additively manufactured using MEX with in situ magnetic field, and hard magnetic properties such as coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy product of the manufactured magnets were confirmed to be enhanced. The improvement in hard magnetic properties was attributed to the increased magnetic anisotropy caused by magnetic alignment. Based on the results of this study, we expect MEX with a magnetic field application system to be used in the future for manufacturing complex-shaped bonded magnets with improved magnetic properties.
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Toprek, Dragan. "The influence of the iron shield of the solenoid on spin tracking." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 20, no. 1 (2005): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0501081t.
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The influence of the iron shield of the solenoid on spin tracking is studied in this paper. In the case of the 200 MeV proton, the study has been numerically done in the ZGOUBI code. The distribution of the magnetic field was done by POISSON. We have come to the conclusion that the influence of the solenoid?s shielding on spin tracking is the same at its entrance and exit and that is directly proportional to the intensity of the magnetic induction B on the axis of the solenoid. We have also determined that the influence of the solenoid?s shielding is much stronger on transversal components of the spin than on its longitudinal component. The differences between components of the spin for the shielded and not-shielded solenoid diminish with the in crease in the distance from the solenoid.
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Sakurai, Yutaka, Ryo Nakajima, and Hiroko Nakamura. "Magnetic Field Analysis for Magnetron Sputtering Apparatus for Accurate Composition Control." Solid State Phenomena 154 (April 2009): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.154.175.
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Authors use magnetron sputtering technique for controlling the film composition by modifying the magnetic field with an external solenoid in addition to the magnetic field with a permanent magnet on back of composite target. It is necessary to understand the contribution of the solenoid quantitatively for the effective application of this technique. The magnetic field changes by the solenoid current on the target were calculated by the finite element method (FEM), and compared with the film composition. As the solenoid current increases, magnetic tunnel region on the target (correspond with the well sputtered region by the confined plasma) moves to the centre of the target. The behaviour corresponds with the actually formed film composition. The calculated results also give an information to design the composite target and the correction value for using the already eroded target.
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Ichsan, Tahayati, Salomo Salomo, Erwin Erwin, and Usman Malik. "PREPARASI PARTIKEL MAGNETIK DARI PASIR BESI PANTAI BATANG KAPAS SUMATERA BARAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE BALL MILLING." Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia 15, no. 2 (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.15.2.120-125.
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Preparation of micro magnetic particle and its magnetic propertis from iron sand beach of Batang Kapas west Sumatera using Ball Milling method has been done. Prior to the Ball Milling process, the samples were processed by iron sand separator (ISS) in order to separate between magnetic particles and non magnetic one. Next, the concentrates from ISS were crushed by Ball Milling method as a function of time namely 20, 40, and 60 hours. For separation between magnetic particles and non magnetic one, then NdFeB magnet was utilized. The results showed that the magnetic degree of the sample is about 0,5%. Measurements of magnetic induction solenoids were carried out using a Magnetic Probe Pasco PS -2162 as a function of current (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) A and a functions of distance (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) mm. Then the total magnetic induction of the solenoid (solenoid with sample core and concentrate) was measured as a function of an electric current for a fixed distance of 1 mm. The calculation results showed that magnetic susceptibility and mass susceptibility increase with Ball Milling time from (3376,400-7765,130). This value is within the interval of 46-80000 which is the interval of Ilmenite mineral (FeTiO3; Antiferromagnetik). The increase in magnetic susceptibility and mass susceptibility of samples processed by Ball Milling is thought to be due to the increasing number of magnetic particles in the sample.
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Parfentiev, N. A., and I. V. Poyarkov. "Quest - a variant of laboratory work “Investigation of the axial magnetic induction of a solenoid”." E3S Web of Conferences 457 (2023): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345702038.
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A variant of the laboratory work “Investigation of the axial magnetic induction of the solenoid” is given for the case when the solenoid is located in a separate block and its parameters are unknown. The results of calculations of axial induction of a solenoid with a different ratio of the length of the solenoid to the diameter are given. It is shown that the maximum of the derivative of axial induction in relative length corresponds to the physical end of the solenoid with sufficient accuracy for practice.An algorithm for determining the parameters of a solenoid based on experimental data on measuring the axial induction of the solenoid is described. Laboratory work has a character that orients students to independent research. Processing of digital data is carried out using the Excel program.
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Guo, Jiang, Linguang Li, Pu Qin, et al. "Optimization Design of Magnetic Isolation Ring Position in AC Solenoid Valves for Dynamic Response Performances." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (2022): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071065.
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Dynamic response characteristics of solenoid valves directly determined their performances. Among numerous parameters, the influence of magnetic isolation ring (MIR) on solenoid valve performance is crucial. Previous optimization studies have not conducted a systematic exploration and analysis of MIR. In this paper, a model of an AC solenoid valve considering the position of the MIR is proposed, and the model’s accuracy was verified by simulation and experiments. The electromagnetic force, response time, and magnetic field distribution at different positions of the MIR were analyzed, and the effect of the position of MIR on dynamic response characteristics of the solenoid valve was clarified. The results show that the MIR affects the dynamic response characteristics of the solenoid valve by changing the magnetic circuit. With the positive translation of the position of the MIR along the Z-axis, the electromagnetic force first increases and then decreases, and the response time first decreases and then increases. The position range of MIR with excellent dynamic response performance was obtained from the comprehensive consideration of response time and electromagnetic force. Finally, the optimization design for the dynamic response performance of the solenoid valves is realized.
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Pacala, Frank Angelo, and Unofre Pili. "Exploring the magnetic field strength of a solenoid using the magnetometer of a smartphone." EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology 11, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol11.1.1.2024.
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This paper investigated the magnetic field strength of a solenoid using the magnetometer of a smartphone. There were three experiments: magnetic field strength versus current; magnetic field strength versus number of turns; and magnetic field strength vs distance between smartphone and solenoid. The result of the experiment has found that magnetic field strength and current and magnetic field strength and number of turns have direct relationship to one another and conformed with the Ampere’s Law. Meanwhile, the magnetic field strength vs distance between smartphone and solenoid has an exponential relationship. This paper recommended to verify the permittivity of free space by revising the experimental set-up. From educational uses to practical applications, it provides the teaching and learning process with a convenient tool for measuring magnetic field strength at various points with incredible precision and accuracy with minimal effort required.
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Novalia, Irma, and Erwin Erwin. "KAJIAN SUSEPTIBILITAS MAGNETIK PASIR BESI PANTAI ARTA SEBAGAI FUNGSI JARAK DARI TEPI LAUT." Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia 17, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.17.1.19-23.
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Magnetic Susceptibility measurements and the identification of elements of iron sand from Arta beach of Pariaman West Sumatera have been done. The samples were dried first under the sun before the separation between magnetic particles of iron sand and non-magnetic particles using Iron Sand Separator. Identification elements of iron sand was done using X-Ray Fluorescence. The total value of magnetic induction was measured using a magnetic Pasco probe PS-2162 using a solenoid 2000 coils turns, dimensions of 3 cm in diameter and 10 cm in length. The solenoid was given an electric current with variations ranging from 2 A – 8 A. The distance between magnetic probe and one end of solenoid was kept constant that was 1 mm. The next experiment was to measure the function of distance ranging from 1 – 5 mm with constant applied current of 8 A. When electric current increase then the total magnetic induction also increase. Total magnetic induction value decreases as the distance increases. Magnetic susceptibility was calculated based on total magnetic induction and magnetic induction of core currents with constant current of 8 A and distance of 1 mm. The value of magnetic susceptibility obtained in the range (2164,71-3159,99)x10-5 which consist of ilmenite mineral (FeTiO3; Antiferromagnetic).Keywords : iron sand, magnetic suseptibility, iron sand separator, solenoid, magnetic induction, and x-ray fluorescence.
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Vatta, L. L., R. Kekana, B. Radebe, I. Myburgh, and J. Svoboda. "The Effect of Magnetic Field on the Performance of a Dense Medium Separator." Physical Separation in Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (2003): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/psse.12.167.
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The application of a vertically oriented magnetic field external to a dense medium cyclone can be used to manipulate the density differential within the cyclone by influencing the cyclone's internal ferrosilicon distribution. Tests were conducted on a well-defined dense medium system using a pilot-plant cyclone equipped with a solenoid magnet. The objective was to determine the yield to the dense medium cyclone underflow of a sample consisting predominantly of quartzite material, as a function of the magnetic field strength of the solenoid magnet, and as a function of solenoid position. It was observed that for a specific selection of magnetic field strength and solenoid position, the concentrate yield was reduced. A decrease in yield to concentrate is advantageous in that it reduces the mass of material to be processed downstream. The yield reduction was found to be a function of the applied magnetic field strength. Furthermore, it was found that a disruption in the ferrosilicon flow pattern inside the cyclone may occur beyond a certain magnetic field strength which leads to impaired cyclone operation.
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Rangkuti, Muhammad Zul Ilmi, Salomo Salomo, and Usman Malik. "PERBANDINGAN NILAI SUSEPTIBILITAS MAGNETIK AIR LAUT MENGGUNAKAN METODE QUINCKE DI PANTAI SUMATERA BAGIAN TENGAH." Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia 17, no. 1 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.17.1.41-45.
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Telah dilakukan penelitian perbandingan nilai suseptibilitas magnetik air laut di pantai barat dan timur sumatera bagian tengah menggunakan metode Quincke. Jumlah sampel yang diambil dari penelitian ini sebanyak 500 ml tiap-tiap lokasi. Jumlah titik lokasi sampel adalah 24 didapatkan dari tiga pantai barat sumatera bagian tengah dan satu pantai timur. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel adalah fungsi jarak dengan rentang 300 m dari tepi pantai. Induksi magnetik solenoida diukur menggunakan Probe Magnetic Pasco Ps-2162 dengan dua buah solenoid 3000 lilitan. Ketika arus dinaikkan induksi magnetik semakin besar. Nilai suseptibilitas magnetik ( χ ) air laut pantai barat menunjukkan rentang -1,04 x 10-5 sampai -4,53(x 10-5). Sampel merupakan bahan diamagnetik. Nilai suseptibilitas magnetik ( χ ) air laut pantai timur menunjukkan rentang -0,5 x 10-5 sampai -1,46(x 10-5).sampel merupakan bahan diamagnetik. Salinitas dan pH menyebabkan perbedaan nilai suseptibilitas magnetik air laut.
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BAGROV, V. G., D. M. GITMAN, and V. B. TLYACHEV. "L-DEPENDENCE OF PARTICLE RADIATION IN MAGNETIC-SOLENOID FIELD AS AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 06n07 (2002): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02010480.
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Aharonov-Bohm solenoid changes the energy spectrum of charge particles in pure magnetic field. In particular, the degeneracy with respect to azimuthal quantum number l is partially lifted. In turn, this complicates the radiation spectrum of a charged particle in magnetic field in the presence of the solenoid (Aharonov-Bohm effect). In particular, the degeneracy of the radiation intensity with respect to the azimuthal quantum number is lifted completely. In the present work we study l-dependence (induced by Aharonov-Bohm solenoid) of synchrotron radiation intensity in semiclassical approximation.
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Vaughan, N. D., and J. B. Gamble. "The Modeling and Simulation of a Proportional Solenoid Valve." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 1 (1996): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801131.
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A nonlinear dynamic model of a high speed direct acting solenoid valve is presented. The valve consists of two subsystems; a proportional solenoid and a spool assembly. These two subsystems are modeled separately. The solenoid is modeled as a nonlinear resistor/inductor combination, with inductance parameters that change with displacement and current. Empirical curve fitting techniques are used to model the magnetic characteristics of the solenoid, enabling both current and magnetic flux to be simulated. The spool assembly is modeled as a spring/mass/damper system. The inertia and damping effects of the armature are incorporated in the spool model. The solenoid model is used to estimate the spool force in order to obtain a suitable damping coefficient value. The model accurately predicts both the dynamic and steady-state response of the valve to voltage inputs. Simulated voltage, current, and displacement results are presented, which agree well with experimental results.
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Коровин, В. М. "Капиллярная неустойчивость цилиндрической струи феррожидкости, находящейся в однородном продольном магнитном поле". Журнал технической физики 90, № 5 (2020): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.05.49170.297-19.
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In this article a ferrofluid jet located inside a solenoid is considered. The jet is modeled by a cylindrical volume of incompressible inviscid fluid moving at a constant velocity parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The axes of the jet and the solenoid coincide. The variation of the strength of the magnetic field generated by the solenoid is allowed from very small to experimentally achievable maximal values. We investigate the influence of the magnetic forces on the growth rate and the wavelength of the most rapidly growing perturbations of the jet surface shape.
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Jummunt, S., P. Sunwong, S. Prawanta, et al. "Development of a solenoid magnet for emittance compensation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2653, no. 1 (2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2653/1/012034.
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Abstract This paper explores the implementation of a solenoid field to achieve electron beam focusing and compensation of transverse emittance, which is generated from photocathode RF gun. An extensive investigation was conducted to determine the optimal solenoid magnetic field required for focusing an electron bunch with a charge of 0.5 nC. A magnetic field strength of 0.25 T was chosen for emittance compensation, enabling the reduction of emittance to below 1.20 mm-mrad at the end of linac. The engineering design of the solenoid magnet for this system is presented in detail, ensuring precise dimensional tolerances within the range of ±30 µm. To ensure its effectiveness and reliability, extensive thermal and mechanical analyses were conducted. Currently, the prototype solenoid magnet is in the fabrication process.
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Mikalauskas, Gediminas, Nikolaj Višniakov, Raimonda Lukauskaitė, and Jelena Škamat. "ANALYSIS OF MICROCOMPOSITE CU-NB CONDUCTORS CHARACTERISTICS AND POSSIBILITY OF THEIR JOINING / MIKROKOMPOZITINIŲ CU-NB LAIDININKŲ YPATUMŲ IR JŲ SUJUNGIMO GALIMYBIŲ ANALIZĖ." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, no. 6 (2017): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.980.
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High magnetic fields systems is widely used in fundamental and applied research in variuos branches of science and industry. The most famous examples of such magnetic systems are tokomaks, stellators, superconducting magnets, CERN collider, ITER reactor, levitation systems. The key component of magnetic systems is inductor (solenoid). At this moment, the record magnetic fields reaches 100 T. The creation of a strong magnetic field is no longer enough just to improve designs for inductor (solenoid). Traditional electrotechnical materials and conductors can no longer withstand the huge mechanical and thermal loads, therefore, them changes to an entirely new advanced materials, for example Cu-Nb microcomposite conductors. These materials are characterized by a unique structure, excellent mechanical properties and good electrical conductivity. One of the most important and unresolved problems of high magnetic fields systems are reliable non-destructive joints and joining technologies creation. This paper reviews the strong magnetic fields systems design features, Cu-Nb conductors characteristics and structure, microcomposite conductor production specifics, application fields, joining problems and the available joining technologies. Stiprių magnetinių laukų sistemos plačiai taikomos fundamentiniams ir taikomiesiems tyrimams įvairiose mokslo šakose ir industrijoje. Tokomakai, stelaratoriai, superlaidūs magnetai, CERN kolaideris, ITER reaktorius, levitacinės sistemos – tai vieni žinomiausių tokių magnetinių sistemų pavyzdžių. Visų magnetinių sistemų svarbiausias komponentas yra induktorius (solenoidas). Rekordinis magnetinis laukas jau siekia 100 T. Stipriam magnetiniam laukui sukurti jau nepakanka vien tik tobulinti solenoidų konstrukciją. Tradicinės elektrotechninės medžiagos ir laidininkai jau negali atlaikyti didžiulių mechaninių ir temperatūrinių apkrovų. Todėl jas keičia visiškai naujos perspektyvios medžiagos, tarp jų svarbią vietą užima Cu-Nb mikrokompozitiniai laidininkai. Šios medžiagos pasižymi unikalia struktūra, puikiomis mechaninėmis savybėmis ir geru elektriniu laidumu. Viena iš svarbių neišspręstų problemų stiprių magnetinių laukų sistemose lieka patikimų neardomųjų jungčių sukūrimas ir jų patikimų sujungimo technologijų paieška, nes dauguma tokių magnetų konstrukcijų turi būti neardomos pradėjus jas eksploatuoti. Tačiau daugiausia jų konstrukcijoje laidininkams sujungti taikomos tik ardomos, deja, praktikoje dideliu patikimumu nepasižyminčios varžtinės arba lituotinės jungtys. Šiame darbe apžvelgti stiprių magnetinių laukų sistemų konstrukciniai ypatumai, perspektyvių Cu-Nb laidininkų struktūros ypatumai ir savybės, kompozitinių laidininkų gamybos specifika, taikymo sritys, sujungimo problemos ir taikytinos sujungimo technologijos.
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Douma, Brahim Chelarem, Bilal Abderezzak, Elhadj Ailam, et al. "Design Development and Analysis of a Partially Superconducting Axial Flux Motor Using YBCO Bulks." Materials 14, no. 15 (2021): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154295.
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In this work, authors have designed, constructed and tested a new kind of partially superconducting axial flux machine. This model is based on the magnetic flux concentration principle. The magnetic field creation part consists of the NbTi superconducting solenoid and two YBaCuO plates. A theoretical study is conducted of an extrapolated superconducting inductor for low-temperature superconducting and high-temperature superconducting solenoids. The optimization of the inductor is carried out in order to increase the torque and the power density as well. This improvement is done by changing the shape of the elements which form the superconducting inductor. Finally, a prototype is realized, and tested.
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Khalifa, Adam, Seyed Mahdi Abrishami, Mohsen Zaeimbashi, et al. "Magnetic temporal interference for noninvasive and focal brain stimulation." Journal of Neural Engineering 20, no. 1 (2023): 016002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/acb015.
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Abstract Objective. Noninvasive focal stimulation of deep brain regions has been a major goal for neuroscience and neuromodulation in the past three decades. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), for instance, cannot target deep regions in the brain without activating the overlying tissues and has poor spatial resolution. In this manuscript, we propose a new concept that relies on the temporal interference (TI) of two high-frequency magnetic fields generated by two electromagnetic solenoids. Approach. To illustrate the concept, custom solenoids were fabricated and optimized to generate temporal interfering electric fields for rodent brain stimulation. C-Fos expression was used to track neuronal activation. Main result. C-Fos expression was not present in regions impacted by only one high-frequency magnetic field indicating ineffective recruitment of neural activity in non-target regions. In contrast, regions impacted by two fields that interfere to create a low-frequency envelope display a strong increase in c-Fos expression. Significance. Therefore, this magnetic temporal interference solenoid-based system provides a framework to perform further stimulation studies that would investigate the advantages it could bring over conventional TMS systems.
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Lee, Ju-Hee, Seon Hwang, and Dong-Yeon Lee. "Magnetic analysis of a finite solenoid." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 16, no. 10 (2015): 6453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.10.6453.
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Fillmore, Keith. "Magnetic field of a noncircular solenoid." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 8 (1985): 782–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14318.
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Gavrilov, S. P., D. M. Gitman, and A. A. Smirnov. "Dirac equation in magnetic-solenoid field." European Physical Journal C 32, S1 (2003): s119—s142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjcd/s2003-01-009-1.
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Jagannathan, K. "Solenoids and symmetry principles: A comment on ‘‘Magnetic field due to a solenoid’’." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 6 (1985): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14255.
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Mikhailov, V. M., and M. P. Petrenko. "APPROXIMATION OF EXACT MASSIVE SOLENOID PROFILE FOR GENERATING PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2018, no. 1 (2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2018.01.013.
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Feng, Zhu, Shaotao Zhi, Xuecheng Sun, Lili Yan, Cui Liu, and Chong Lei. "Investigation the influence of structure parameters on giant-magnetoimpedance effect measured by non-contact method." Sensor Review 40, no. 6 (2020): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-07-2019-0169.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the influence of structure parameters on giant-magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect measured by non-contact method. Design/methodology/approach The GMI sensor contains a Co-based internal magnetic core fabricated by laser cutting and an external solenoid. The influences of magnetic permeability of magnetic core and structure parameters on GMI effect were calculated in theoretical model. The output impedance, resistance, reactance and GMI ratio were measured by non-contact method using impedance analyzer. Findings Enhancing external magnetic field intensity can decrease the magnetic permeability of core, which has vital influences on the magnetic property and the output response of GMI sensor. In addition, increasing the width of magnetic core and the number of solenoid turns can increase the maximum GMI ratio. The maximum GMI ratio is 3,230% with core width of 6 mm and solenoid turns of 200. Originality/value Comparing with traditional contact-measured GMI sensor, the maximum GMI ratio and the magnetic field sensitivity are improved and the power consumption is decreased in non-contact measured GMI sensor. GMI sensor measured by non-contact method has a wide range of potential applications in ultra-sensitive magnetic field detection.
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As'ad, Kurnia Gunadi, Rachmad Setiawan, and Moch Rameli. "Designing a Firing Control System on S-60 57mm Cannon." ELKHA 13, no. 2 (2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v13i2.47343.
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The firing system on the S-60 57mm cannon uses the foot of the cannon crew, which is very dangerous with the position of the crew on top of the cannon when firing. So, a firing system that can be remotely controlled by a computer is required. The design of the S-60 57mm gun firing control system uses a personal computer (PC) as the firing command input, with data communication using WiFi received by the Atmega8535 microcontroller as a voltage regulator for solenoids. The solenoid has a tensile force to drive the hydraulic system where the actuator functions to drive the firing cylinder. Accelero sensor MMA7361, as a variable controller in firing, provides input data simulating the tilt position of the cannon, the position of the 0g sensor is simulated by the cannon in a balanced position. From the test results, there is a difference in sensor designation data with arc angles i.e., angle X by 2.83 degrees and angle Y by 1.86 degrees. The magnetic field produced by the solenoid 0.53 T can attract a maximum load of 20 kg. By changing the distance ratio of mechanical lever to 39.11 cm and 8.89 cm, the solenoid can drive an 88-kg firing cylinder.
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Pribadi, Aries Fajar, Fikrul Akbar Alamsyah, Wahyu Hidayat, et al. "EFFECT OF VARIATION OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION SOLENOID VALUES ON TENSILE AND IMPACT STRENGTH FOR WELDING BETWEEN LOW CARBON STEEL AND MEDIUM CARBON STEEL." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 5, no. 2 (2024): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2024.005.02.3.
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The use of solenoid magnets in welding processes has attracted attention due to their potential to influence the properties of welded joints. This research investigates the effect of the size of the magnetic induction solenoid on the tensile strength and impact toughness of welds between mild steel and medium carbon steel. Welding experiments were carried out using various sizes of solenoid magnets (0; 1.71mT; 2.11mT; 2.31mT; 2.60mT), and the welding results were tested for tensile strength and impact toughness. The findings show that the size of the magnetic induction solenoid has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the weld. The larger induction size in this study increased the tensile strength of the welded joint, namely 431.576 N/mm2 without induction and 533.33 N/mm2 with induction. Meanwhile, the impact toughness of welded joints also increases, namely 95.92N.m without treatment and 217.35N.m with induction.
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Kumar, M., H. Singhal, A. Ansari, and J. A. Chakera. "Design and performance of a double-solenoid magnetic bottle photoelectron spectrometer for attosecond metrology." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 2 (2023): 023303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0105623.
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The design and performance of an in-house developed double-solenoid magnetic bottle (MB) time-of-flight photoelectron spectrograph are presented. A combination of a strong permanent magnet (Sm2Co17) with a soft iron cone and a double-solenoid geometry is used to generate MB configuration. The first solenoid (length ∼150 mm) is placed inside the vacuum, and the second solenoid (length ∼1 m) is placed outside the vacuum. The double-solenoid geometry improves the effective conductance and reduces overall material outgassing. Due to this, an ultra-high vacuum (∼5 × 10−8 mbar) desirable for the working of the spectrograph was achieved using a small capacity (300 lps) turbo-molecular pump. An optimization of solenoid current generates a smooth magnetic field variation in MB, which keeps the adiabaticity parameter ∼0.6 at ∼25 eV photoelectron energy. The double-solenoid geometry also provides high collection efficiency as well as high energy resolution of the spectrograph. The experimentally measured energy resolution ( ΔE) of the spectrograph is better than ∼60 meV at ∼15 eV photoelectron energy. The collection efficiency is estimated to be ∼25% under optimum conditions as compared with ∼10−4 in field-free configuration. The calibrated MB spectrograph is used for the characterization of the attosecond pulse train using a cross-correlation “RABBITT” technique. The attosecond pulse train is generated from 15th to 25th odd high-harmonic orders, in argon filled cell. Attosecond pulses of average duration ∼260 as (FWHM) have been measured. The proposed MB electron spectrograph design provides a compact experimental setup for attosecond metrology and pump-probe studies with a relaxed requirement on vacuum pump capacity.
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IVANOV, B. V. "GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS IN A LONG SOLENOID." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 18 (1994): 1627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394001465.
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The gravity field induced by the magnetic field in an infinite solenoid is found. Gravitational effects are studied, the most important of them being the radial acceleration of neutral particles. It becomes equal to the earth’s acceleration for magnetic fields with strength 2×1014 G.
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Kanesue, T., S. Ikeda, M. Okamura, et al. "Study on ion current density of different species in laser produced plasma in a solenoid magnet." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (2024): 012099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012099.
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Abstract A solenoid magnetic field along the expanding laser-produced plasma is an essential technique of the laser ion source. The solenoid field can increase ion beam current at beam extraction point by a factor of 2 to over 100 by confining moving laser produced plasma in transverse direction. This technique is used everywhere from development lab to operational machine for user operation. However, the motion of ions in laser produced plasma is not fully understood. In this study, we experimentally investigated the motion of ions in a solenoid magnet (inner diameter 102 mm, coil length 1980 mm) for Al, Fe, and Ta targets. Using the following three conditions: full solenoid bore, a φ51 mm collimator on the solenoid axis, and a thin-wall φ51 mm tube at the bottom of the solenoid, we found that extracting ions at off-axis position (20∼30 mm from the solenoid axis in this study) can enhance ion intensity by a factor of three or more. We continue to investigate ion motion in a solenoid field to develop better laser ion source design.