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1
Belitsyn, I. V., S. O. Khomutov, and A. I. Belitsyn. "Methods for reducing electricity losses in main electrical networks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1100, no. 1 (2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1100/1/012015.
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Kovalenko, Viktor, Serhii Levchenko, Mykola Tryputen, et al. "CHARACTERISTIC LAYOUTS OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH THE ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE DEVIATIONS AND EXPEDIENCY OF ITS CONTROL." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 3(17) (2019): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-3(17)-209-218.
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Urgency of the research. It is well-known that electric energy characteristics are the levels of electromagnetic compatibility of electric grid providing adequate performance of any electrical means connected to the grid if the electric energy characteristics do not exceed permitted values. In the context of general idea of electromagnetic compatibility of consumers within power supply grids, power quality is the topical problem of modern electric-power supply industry. Target setting. The issue of assessing the possibility of ensuring the quality of electricity in terms of voltage deviation by consumers is very important. The problem of voltage fluctuations is relevant, so that voltage deviation have a negative impact on functioning electrical equipment Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Papers [2-11] are devouted the effective management methods of electrical energy consumption. The articles [6-8] shows that under present conditions only system approach ensures accurate identification and prediction of electric power losses in distribution networks that are characterized by considerable ambiguity. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Generalized diagram of the voltage modes characterizes the state for the entire distribution network connected to the main substation; it consists of the branched 10 kV network, all the distribution transformers, and all the 0.4 kV networks connected to those transformers. Along with the generalized diagram, values of the available voltage losses have been obtained; those values occur within 10 kV and 0.4 kV networks in terms of the favourable conditions of voltage control and the initial values of the admissible voltage deviations of electrical receivers. Moreover, that is the basis to determine operating position of control tappings of distribution transformers. The research objective. Since one of the important characteristics of electrical energy is the deviation of the voltage in the network, it is advisable to carry out its analysis in the urban distribution networks in terms of Levanevska substation, town of Zaporizhzhia. To simplify practical representation of possible voltage modes on the main substation buses and within the whole distribution networks, it is expedient to use graphic representation – so-called generalized diagram of voltage modes. That diagram helps make the analysis of voltage modes more demonstrative than analytical calculation; besides, the diagram gives great possibilities for further study. The statement of basic materials. While analyzing voltage mode in the distribution networks and determining the required law of voltage control in the main substation (MS), one should take into consideration great amount of factors effecting and complicating that study. Those factors include the following: changes in the operating mode of the network, differences in the points of connections of electrical receivers (ER) to the distribution network, differences in possible operating positions of the control tappings in the distribution transformers (DT), differences in the points of DT connections to 10 kV network, available dead zones of automatic voltage controller etc. Owing to that fact, it is required to perform generalized analysis of the voltage mode and conditions of its control within 10 kV and 0.4 kV distribution networks and on main substation buses. To do that, one should apply probabilistic calculation methods. At the same time, it is expedient to use graphic depiction (so-called generalized diagram (GD) of the voltage modes) to simplify representation of possible voltage modes on MS buses and within the whole distribution network. That diagram will help make the analysis of the voltage modes more clearly arranged than analytic calculations; moreover, it gives great opportunities for further study. Conclusions. Voltage deviation in the distribution networks has been performed and expediency of the voltage deviation control for electrically closest and farthest consumers have been analyzed in terms of Levanevska substation, town of Zaporizhzhia. Expediency of practical application of generalized diagrams for that purpose has been demonstrated. It has been defined that in the modes of maximum and minimum loads, voltage exceeds the admissible deviation norms of ± 5 %. Conclusion has been made on the expediency of more careful voltage control. Generalized diagram for 0-1 and 9-10 hours with the maximum voltage deviations has been constructed. Graph of dependences has been developed; formula of voltage deviations in the main substation, due to the voltage passing along that line, has been defined. According to the voltage data before and after the implementation of control, graphs of voltage deviations on the distribution transformer and in terms of the farthest consumer have been constructed.
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Masaev, S. Kh, U. Kh Makaev, and M. V. Debiev. "The basic stages of improving the power grid complex functioning of the Chechen Republic." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 4 (2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-4-43-53.
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The article considers the state of the electric power industry functioning of the Chechen Republic. Comparative data on the reception in the network and useful electricity supply of the Chechen Republic in recent years are presented. The total transformer capacity structure of all substations, as well as the power lines total length of Chechenenergo JSC, is considered. The main electric power industry problems of the Chechen power system, which are the lack of own generating capacities, the transformer capacities shortage of substations 110 and 35 kV and the main production assets high level wear of the electric grid economy, are studied. The tasks to reduce the Chechen energy system electric energy losses are considered. The values and causes of the electric energy losses in different district electric networks (RES) of JSC "Chechenenergo" are determined. A comparative analysis of the electrical energy losses in recent years has been performed. Issues related to reactive power in electrical networks are considered. An analysis was carried out to determine the reactive power values in different district electric networks of Chechenenergo JSC. Measures are proposed that contribute to the reactive power normalization and the improvement of technical and economic indicators in electric networks. The networks electrical circuits improvement analysis was carried out to ensure the power supply stability and reliability to consumers in the republic. The production process control system and diagnostics is proposed, which will allow to regulate and coordinate the activities to manage the technical condition, as well as the power system reliability.
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Naumov, Igor V., Elena V. Karpova, and Dmitriy N. Karamov. "Reliability level research in distribution electrical networks of Irkutsk." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911403005.
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Forecasting of level of reliability of power supply of consumers is one of the major tasks at implementation of actions for improvement of operational characteristics of distribution electrical networks. On the one hand, assessment of damageability allows to develop a number of actions for increase in reliability of electric equipment and elements of electrical networks, with another, to create a stock of that equipment which is subject to risk of premature failure. The purpose of the present article is implementation of statistical assessment of damageability of basic elements of distribution electrical networks of 10 kV on the basis of the predicted information on possible refusals in these networks. The main objectives for achievement of the specified purpose are: 1. Implementation of preventive assessment of refusals in electrical networks on the basis of data of dispatching magazines of observations; 2. Statistical assessment of casual events of failures of electric equipment and detection of their laws of distribution.
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Naumov, I. V. "Analysis of operation of Oblkommunergo electric networks of Irkutsk Region." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 14, no. 3 (2021): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2021-14-3-100-110.
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Analysis has been performed of the operation of electric distribution networks of ten branches of Oblkommunenergo (OKE) of Irkutsk Region [1]. Based on the data on the operation of these networks published in public media, algorithms and computer programs for the Matlab graphic editor are compiled, which are used for plotting time diagrams that characterize the operation of the electrical networks under consideration. The balance changes are shown in the transmission of electric energy into the OKE networks and from the OKE networks directly to consumers (high, medium and low voltage networks). The number of failures, the power supply interruption time and the amount of electricity undersupplied in each month of the year for each of the branches are considered. The months of the year are determined, in which the greatest and least damage occurs to the electrical networks of the OKE branches. Data are presented on the dynamics of annual wear of electric networks, planned activities and their annual implementation. The level of reliability is considered according to the established indicators of the average duration of interruptions in the transmission of electric energy in each calculated regulation period. It is shown that the combination of the main causes of failures largely depends on the natural-climatic and terrain specifics of the regions through which the routes of electric networks pass. As an example, data on the causes of failure in the electrical networks of one of the OKE branches are considered. The most and least damaged electrical networks of the considered OKE branches have been established. In conclusion, findings are formulated and recommendations are presented on minimizing outages based on the main types of failure causes for the purpose of increasing the operational reliability of the electrical networks under consideration.
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Schasny, V. P., and A. I. Zhukouski. "Electromagnetic Compatibility of Compensating Devices and Converters of an Adjustable Electric Drive in Electrical Networks of Industrial Enterprises." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 65, no. 1 (2022): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2022-65-1-37-51.
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The problems of reactive power compensation and improving the quality of electrical energy in the power supply systems of industrial enterprises are inseparable. Their relevance is due to the widespread use of electric receivers that consume reactive power and distort the quality of electrical energy in the network, as well as the implementation of new technologies, systems and equipment into production that make increased demands on the quality of electrical energy consumed. An important characteristic of the quality of electrical energy rationed by GOST 32144–2013 is the non-sinusoidal voltage. The main reason for the non-sinusoidal voltage in the electrical networks of industrial enterprises is the use of electrical equipment with a nonlinear voltage characteristic, which is a source of conductive electromagnetic interference, in particular: adjustable DC and AC electric drives, uninterruptible power supplies of electric receivers, electric welding equipment, electric arc furnaces, induction heating installations, gas-discharge radiation sources. Due to the nonlinearity of the current-voltage characteristics, the above devices consume a non-sinusoidal current from the network, which causes harmonic distortion of the supply voltage, including the fundamental harmonic component and higher harmonic components that are multiples of the fundamental frequency. Non-sinusoidal voltage, in turn, causes additional losses of power and energy in the elements of the electrical network, causes overheating and accelerated aging of the insulation of electrical equipment, reducing its operational reliability and reducing service life, worsens the accuracy of electrical measurements, causes malfunctions in automation systems, telemechanics, relay protection, electronic systems and communications. Non-sinusoidal voltage significantly complicates the compensation of reactive power in the electrical network. Compensating devices are made on the basis of capacitors, whose electrical parameters (resistance, power, current) depend on both the magnitude of the supply voltage and its harmonic composition. The present article identifies problems and proposes solutions in terms of reactive power compensation and improving the quality of electrical energy in electrical networks containing thyristor voltage converters and frequency converters used in adjustable electric drive installations of industrial enterprises.
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Perepecheny, V. "Increasing the parameters of electrical distribution networks of town districts with low load density." Lighting engineering and power engineering 1, no. 57 (2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x-2020-1-57-28-32.
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This article presents the results of research on the parameters of electrical networks with a voltage of 6 (10) and 0.38 kV in relation to capital investments. The analysis of existing methods of estimation of parameters before designing for power supply networks in a small town with low load density is carried out. In modern conditions, in the distribution of electrical networks is of paramount importance the introduction of energy-saving schemes and parameters of power supply systems. One of the main ways to implement them is to increase the efficiency of 6-10 / 0.38 kV networks. In the actual design of electrical networks, economic proportionality can not always be maintained for various reasons: the impact of technical constraints, the discreteness of the rated power of transformers and cable crossing scales, a significant deviation of individual capacities of consumers from the average value. In that case there is an increase in the reduced costs. A methodology for determining the optimal power of transformer substations and optimal sections of 0.38 kV power transmission lines is proposed, taking into account the probable nature of the applied load. When assembling the power supply circuit for the optimal form of parameters, voltage, principles of voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. Decisions of this kind are substantiated by technical and economic comparisons of a series of technically acceptable variants of power supply networks. An important measure that facilitates the selection of the most economical option is the assessment of the proposed project, which relates to the selection of the optimal capacity of transformer substation (TS) networks using calculation formulas. The aim of the research was to improve the existing methods on the basis of separate accounting of the reliability coefficient of 0.38 kV and 6-10 kV network. Key words - electric power supply network, network parameters, transformer substation, load density, line wire section, specific load, unit costs, optimum parameter, distribution networks, electric energy.
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Kuchanskyi, Vladyslav V. "The events for prevention of resonant overvoltages in main power electrical networks." Electronics and Communications 21, no. 4 (2016): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2016.21.4.81923.
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Kuchanskyi, V. V. "ABNORMAL RESONANCE OVERVOLTAGES IN MAIN POWER ELECTRICAL NETWORKS WITH SOURCES OF DISTORTIONS." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2018, no. 50 (2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2018.50.027.
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Lutsenko, Ivan, Sergey Fedoriachenko, Andrey Malienko, et al. "Estimation of the potential of energy efficiency increase in SMARTGRID systems with prosum-ers based on electric vehicles." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 95 (December 16, 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.95.0.241.
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The modes of operation of power transformer substations 6 (20)/0.4 kV are analyzed. Scientific and technical solutions for the use of electric vehicles as prosumers of electric energy are substantiated. The potential influence of electric cars on electricity losses in "smart" electric networks is determined. Feasibility study of expediency of using electric mobiles as prosumers from the standpoint of loss reduction and efficiency of network equipment use is given. Quantitative indicators of the potential of equalization of the daily schedule of electric loads of the typical area of consumers of city electric networks are determined. The main indicator is the reduction of electricity losses in transformers by 7-10% compared with the existing ones when regulating the mode from the side of 0.4 kV with help of electric vehicles. Additionally, the possibility of increasing the capacity of electrical networks up to 45% identified.
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Shatrov, A. F., N. A. Stushkina, and T. B. Gaitova. "The main directions of development of active-adaptive electrical networks for agricultural purposes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 808, no. 1 (2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/808/1/012015.
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Karpachevskiy, Andrey, German Titov, and Oksana Filippova. "Development of A Spatiotemporal Database for Evolution Analysis of the Moscow Backbone Power Grid." Data 6, no. 12 (2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6120127.
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Currently in the field of transport geography, the spatial evolution of electrical networks remain globally understudied. Publicly available data sources, including remote sensing data, have made it possible to collect spatial data on electrical networks, but at the same time a suitable data structure for storing them has not been defined. The main purpose of this study was the collection and structuring of spatiotemporal data on electric networks with the possibility of their further processing and analysis. To collect data, we used publicly available remote sensing and geoinformation systems, archival schemes and maps, as well as other documents related to the Moscow power grid. Additionally, we developed a web service for data publication and visualization. We conducted a small morphological analysis of the evolution of the network to show the possibilities of working with the database using a Python script. For example, we found that the portion of new lines has been declining since 1950s and in the 2010s the portion of partial reconstruction reached its maximum. Thus, the developed data structure and the database itself provide ample opportunities for the analysis and interpretation of the spatiotemporal development of electric networks. This can be used as a basis to study other territories. The main results of the study are published on the web service where the user can interactively choose a year and two forms of power lines representation to visualize on a map.
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Naumov, I. V., and M. N. Polkovskaya. "On the Rural Electric Networks Reliability Level Issue." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (2021): 012180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012180.
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Abstract The structure study, condition and 10 kV electric networks reliability level in the Irkutsk region for the period from 2016 to 2020 is carried out. The analysis is based on real data on the studied electric networks published in the open press. The Interactive Matlab system libraries and interfaces were used to calculate and analyze the studied indicator. The considered electric networks structure has investigated, algorithms and computer programs for the Matlab graphic editor are compiled with the help which changes time diagrams in the failures number, the interruptions time and the under-output electricity amount for each year months are constructed. The year months in which the highest damage occurs were determined. The electrical networks wear is considered, as well as the repair plan implementation for the main equipment. The reliability level according to the established indicators has analyzed, the main reasons for equipment failure are considered. The characteristics of improving considered electrical networks functioning are presented. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the most damaged the considered overhead lines elements are: wires, supports, insulators, and switching devices. The characteristic reasons that lead to their damage are: wind load, damage to switching devices. The greatest damage is the Angarsky and Irkutsky branches networks characteristic (the average annual value all failures are 26.4 and 23.9%). The Kirensky and Cheremkhovsky branches networks are the least damaged annually. The obtained data probabilistic-statistical and correlation analysis, as well as the emergency outages risks analysis for the future, taking into account the seasonal component, is carried out.
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Gerding, M., and B. Schiek. "Realization of Broadband Matched Filter Structures Based on Dual Networks." Advances in Radio Science 3 (May 12, 2005): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-69-2005.
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Abstract. This paper deals with the basic electrical properties of dual networks and with their application in broadband matched filter structures. Starting with the main characteristics and different realization methods of dual networks, a filter structure is presented, which is based on a combination of dual networks and which provides a broadband matched input and two decoupled output ports. This filter synthesis focuses on the design of high pass filters, which are suitable to be used as differentiating stages in electrical pulse generators as a part of the so-called pulse shaping network. In order to achieve a proper pulse shape and for the prevention of multiple reflections between the switching circuit and the differentiating network, a broadband matched filter is a basic requirement.
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Kachanov, Alexander Nikolaevich, Vadim Alekseevich Chernyshov, Boris Nikolaevich Meshkov, Marsel Sharifyanovich Garifullin, and Evgeny Alexandrovich Pechagin. "Improving the functioning efficiency of 6-10 kV electrical networks with isolated neutral in conditions of single-phase ground faults." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801010.
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The main objectives of this publication are: 1) to attract the attention of energy specialists to the problems of reliability and electrical safety of 6-10 kV overhead electrical networks with isolated neutral, operating in conditions of single-phase insulation damage; 2) substantiation of the feasibility of introducing a fundamentally new way to improve the efficiency of 6-10 kV distribution networks, based on the resonanceless limitation of the single-phase ground fault current arising from the breakdown of the insulator and the use of its own infrastructure of the electrical network for remote identification of the place of its occurrence. The expediency of including a nonlinear surge suppressor between the traverse and the grounding outlet of the reinforced concrete support is confirmed by the positive results of experimental studies carried out on the basis of high-voltage testing laboratories of IDGC of Center PJSC - Orelenergo and EnerGarant LLC. The use of deductive analysis allowed the authors to select a reliable and affordable electrical insulating material installed between the support and the traverse, as well as to formulate the main requirements for it, including taking into account weather and climatic factors. The analysis of various methods of transmitting information about the place of occurrence of the insulator damage made it possible to establish the predominant advantage of a wired communication channel using its own 6-10 kV electric network infrastructure. The authors have developed an original circuitry solution that provides remote identification of the insulator damage location using a thyristor shunting the nonlinear surge suppressor, according to a given switching algorithm, and also provides local identification of the insulator breakdown by means of special signaling devices with volatile power supply. It is expected that the proposed method, with relatively low investment, will significantly reduce the level of accidents and electrical hazards in overhead distribution networks of 6-10 kV, as well as minimize the costs associated with their operation and undersupply of electrical energy.
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Cheremisin, V. T., and E. A. Tretyakov. "Improving the efficiency of distribution electric networks of railways based on the multi-agent mode management method." Vestnik IGEU, no. 4 (2019): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2019.4.054-063.
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With the increase in observability and controllability of regimes, the development of methods for managing distributed objects of the electrical network is becoming more and more important. The main research directions in smart grids are based on the theory of fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms, neural networks, stochastic control, spectral graph, bilinear matrix inequality constraints. They are aimed at solving multicriterion optimization problems of electric networks with distributed objects and are computationally-demanding and time-consuming. Meanwhile, the methods of multi-agent control of the power supply system based on the parallelization of information flows and coordination of the operation of distributed linear regulators are becoming more common. The purpose of this study is to develop methods for controlling the operating modes of smart distribution electric networks of railways using an agent-based approach for stabilizing voltages within specified limits and reducing electric power losses. This goal can be achieved by solving the problems of developing an algorithm for managing power flows based on the coordinated work of active and reactive power sources and principles of demand management of active consumers. The multi-agent power flow control was realized in the AnyLogic program, the simulation modeling of the electrical network modes was performed in Matlab Simulink with assumptions of linear characteristics of voltage loads. A method has been developed to control the operation modes of smart distribution electric networks of railways based on the presented power flow control algorithm, the hallmarks of which are the use of linearized equations for determining control actions in small increments, which allows high speed data analysis in real time without calculating steady-state modes with disturbances. The obtained simulation results prove the validity of power flow control methods for voltage stabilization based on multi-agent control and the possibility of their practical implementation on modern equipment in smart distribution networks of railways.
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Eliahu, M., and M. Ronen. "A Spreadsheet Macro as a Teaching and Learning aid for Solving Electrical Networks." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 32, no. 2 (1995): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099503200204.
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A spreadsheet macro as a teaching and learning aid for solving electrical networks The main method for solving electrical networks is based on matrix representation of the circuit. For any non trivial circuit this method is rather dfficult to follow since it involves a multi-stage solution procedure. This article describes a computerised environment, based on electronic spreadsheet macros, which was developed to facilitate the teaching and learning of solving electrical networks.
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Kuzmina, I. A. "Feasibility Assessment of Urban Electricity Distribution Networks Transition to the Voltage Level of 20 kV." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 12 (January 4, 2018): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/1217.0001358.
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The article gives a feasibility assessment for increasing a voltage level of the urban electricity distribution networks from 6 and 10 kV to 20 kV.The emphasis is on the urban electricity distribution network in Moscow. It is noted that by now the reliability, efficiency and automation indicators of Moscow electrical grids are substantially lower than those of Europe, America, etc. The electrical grids in Moscow have a high wear and tear of equipment, a historically developed non-optimal structure, and a high loading level. In recent years, the situation has been significantly improved due to numerous government programs for the development of the electric power industry.It was noted that the high rate of development in Moscow resulted in a significantly increasing density of power loads. So modernisation of grids is a necessary-and-proper step to deliver electric power of good quality and in appropriate volume to all consumers. As the most promising option of such modernisation, the article’s proposal is to increase a voltage level of the electrical grid of medium voltage from 6 and 10 kV to 20 kV.The main advantages of the electrical grid transition to the higher voltage level is an increased power grid capacity and reduced losses of voltage and electric power when transmitting through the electrical grid elements. The article presents some calculations to prove decreasing several times losses in medium voltage cable lines. The shortcoming of the transition to an electrical grid of 20 / 0.4 kV is significant implementation costs, most of which will lead to increasing tariff for consumers.The experience of other countries examined in the article proves that increasing voltage level of the distribution network in Moscow and other megacities is expedient. At the same time, a gradual introduction of 20 / 0.4 kV substations to the electrical grid structure with a gradual unloading and elimination of 10 kV electrical grid elements is expected. The article appeals to successful experience available in the transition of large industrial enterprises to a voltage level of 20 / 0.4 kV.
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Gracheva, E. I., and A. N. Alimova. "POSSIBLE ERRORS OF CALCULATIONS OF LOSSES OF THE ELECTRIC POWER ON SHOP INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS." Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 20, no. 11-12 (2019): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-11-12-81-92.
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In the article it is devoted the analysis and researches of origins and values of possible errors from not accounting of the main defining characteristics when calculating losses of the electric power on shop networks of a low tension. It is proved that in case of determination of losses of the electric power in lines of shop networks it is necessary to consider influence of the following parameters of the equipment: the heating of conductors caused by passing of current of loading through conductors and ambient temperature; resistance of contact joints of switching devices and their number; type of the load graph; ambient temperatures. The diagram of a shop network and daily load graphs of customers of one of the enterprises is researched. Errors of calculations of losses of the electric power are calculated and the analysis of influence of parameters of the equipment on value of losses of the electric power is carried out. The absence of reliable information about elements of shop networks of a low tension and not accounting of the determining leads to an error 5 - 80% in case of computation of losses of the electric power in the systems of industrial electrical power supply.
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Domanskyi, I., and О. Kozlova. "DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY ELECTRICAL NETWORKS OF TRACTION SUBSTATIONS." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-8-15.
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In the paper on the basis of the analysis of classical power schemes traction substations of railways and urban electric transport conceptual directions of development of electric networks of external power supply of traction substations in the conditions of market economy and normative requirements of the electric power industry of Ukraine are developed, which allow to provide energy saving modes of their operation. Based on system analysis of domestic and foreign traction power supply systems of railways and electric transport of large cities, the concept of their development is substantiated and proposed by increasing the supply voltage of traction substations and minimizing capacity upflows and energy losses, which provides resource and energy savings. It is suggested that the investment programs of the structures that are part of Corporation «Ukrzaliznytsia» and the municipal services be synchronized according to their technological indicators, as well as according to the criteria of energy efficiency and quality of energy supply with similar investment programs of external energy. For reduction of energy losses, it is proposed: realization of rational schedule of train movement and deep high voltage inputs with the prospect of transition to own 110 kV distribution networks, modernization and equipping of modern rolling stock electrical equipment and infrastructure of the main and perspective directions of the railways. The need to expand tram and trolleybus lines and modernize power supply devices in terms of resource conservation requires new technologies for the design, construction and operation of the facilities of municipal enterprise «Miskelektrotransservice». Such technologies have been implemented by the «DAK-Energetika» enterprise in the manufacture of modern electrical equipment of municipal enterprise «Miskelektrotransservice» TS. The most important tasks are the improvement of stationary and mobile substations and other linear facilities of traction power supply by completing functional modular blocks with modern switchgear with digital relay protection and diagnostics of traction networks; local and remote control of switchgear devices, as well as switch diagnostics and self-diagnosis. Keywords: external power supply, traction substations, electrical networks, power systems operation modes.
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Panfilov, Alexander, Alexander Vinogradov, Alina Vinogradova, Vadim Bolshev, Zumeira Shakurova, and Elena Zaugolnikova. "Challenges and methods of monitoring the occurrence of unsanctioned voltage in the power grid." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801111.
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The review of sources dedicated to the issues of monitoring in electric networks made in the article showed that the works of many scientists are aimed at developing methods, technical means, systems for monitoring current and voltage in various operation modes of power grids. The main objectives of monitoring are identified, it is shown that monitoring of parameters in the network operation modes provides observability of the network, which, in turn, allows to make timely decisions about switching in the network, regulating the parameters of the network operation modes. The relevance of monitoring for detecting cases of unauthorized voltage in the 0.4 kV power networks is shown. Similar cases lead to the risk of electric shock to people, increasing the risk of operating electrical networks. Identification of the occurrence of unauthorized voltage in the 0.4 kV network provides ways to prevent its transformation at substations of 10/0. 4 kV to a voltage of 10 kV. Therefore, it is relevant to develop methods for detecting unauthorized voltage in the 0.4 kV electric system. The methodological principles and one of the developed methods for monitoring the occurrence of unauthorized voltage in power transmission lines of 0.4 kV and blocking the reverse transformation on substations 10/0.4 kV, as well as the device for its implementation, are shown.
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Boguslawsky, Ilya, and Valery Zaboin. "The ways to increase reliability of work of powerful electrical machines in autonomous electric networks." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 07019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824507019.
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The influence of the harmonic composition of the stator current on the permissible power of an electric machine during its operation in an autonomous nonlinear network is considered. A generalizing equation is proposed for calculating this power, taking into account an increase in the electric losses in the stator winding and losses in the steel of the machine. The analysis of the causes of voltage drop at the terminals of an autonomous generator is made and practical recommendations for its reduction are given for an unexpected change in the load of the generator. The main purpose of investigation is to obtain a generalized expression is derived for calculating the permissible that makes to estimate a reduction of the nominal power of power of alternating current machine when operating in nonlinear networks in condition of knowing harmonics of the stator current. It is usefully for newly created generators and can suppose a changing the operational requirements by the standards for the to the value of transient deviation of the voltage when the load changes suddenly.
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Mladenovic, Vladimir, Caslav Stefanovic, and Sergey Makov. "Energy efficiency digital filter design for spectral analysis of primary electrical values." E3S Web of Conferences 104 (2019): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910402002.
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In this paper, the knowledge based design of digital filter for analysis of spectral components is illustrated. The primary electrical values are analyzed observing of the faults which appear by earth short circuits. The main point of view is negative sequence component and higher harmonics in distributed electrical networks. Method of symbolic processing is used to design digital filter that realizes negative sequence component. Designing of digital filter is based on active analog filter in the three-phase electrical networks using bilinear transformation. We use methods of computer algebra tools (Mathematica) to simulate processes in network. Also, we automatically derive properties of digital filter, and the knowledge embedded in symbolic expressions was used to simulate an example system. The characteristics of digital filter are given and annotated using different sampling frequency and entire cases of earth short circuits.
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Gord, Ehsan, Rahman Dashti, Mojtaba Najafi, and Hamid Reza Shaker. "Real Fault Section Estimation in Electrical Distribution Networks Based on the Fault Frequency Component Analysis." Energies 12, no. 6 (2019): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061145.
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: Fault location in electrical energy distribution networks is an important task, as faults in distribution grids are among the main causes of electricity supply disruption. Fault location in the distribution systems, however, is a challenging task because of the topology of the distribution networks, as well as the main and side branches. Therefore, it is necessary to address these challenges through an intelligent approach to fault location. In this paper, fault location in electric energy distribution networks is addressed considering the changes in fault distance and fault resistance in the presence of different fault types. A new method for fault location is developed for conditions where the minimum information is available and only information at the beginning of the feeder is used. This facilitates wide adoption of the technique as it does not require significant investments in instrumentation and measurement. The proposed intelligent method is based on the impedance and transient state estimation. This technique employs a specific impedance analysis for determining possible fault locations considering the unbalanced performance of distribution systems, distances, and different fault resistances. To determine the real faulty section, real fault frequency component analysis and the simulated faults at possible fault locations are used. At this stage of the process, it is possible to eliminate multiple estimations with the help of comparison and identification of the similarities. Therefore, a real faulty section is determined. It is observed that some conditions of electric energy distribution networks affect the accuracy and performance of the proposed method significantly; thus, a detailed investigation is conducted to neutralize these conditions. Simulation results and calculations based on MATLAB along with a practical test of the proposed method in power network simulator confirm a satisfactory performance.
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Nedelcheva, Stefka, Mihaela Ivanova, and Mehmed Hassan. "OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR ACHIEVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN ELECTRICAL NETWORKS." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, ICTTE 2019 (2019): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2019.04.097.
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The energy efficiency improvement actions of the electrical networks are divided into two main groups: operational and technical. Technical events require significant investment. Operating events do not require investment and are limited to optimal solutions in operational conditions that achieve energy efficiency. The report presents a methodology for assessing of the energy efficiency when changing the configuration of distribution electrical power networks. It is summarizing the results of the reconstruction and exploitation of the distribution networks for medium and low voltage under optimized schemes, which achieve energy efficiency. Recommendations are made for the implementation of energy efficiency activities in the exploitation of distribution networks.
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VIIŞOREANU-RĂCHIŢEANU, Alina, and Alexandru Marius VIIŞOREANU. "Surge arrester for protection against overvoltage of high voltage networks." EMERG - Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization 6, no. 3 (2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37410/emerg.2020.3.02.
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The paper presents the main elements of surge arresters used in high voltage electrical networks. A comparison is made between the main characteristics of surge arresters, both in terms of the construction elements and in terms of the technical and functional characteristics of surge arresters.
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Soshinov, A. G., and T. H. Aisin. "The most common violations of regulatory indicators of the quality of electric energy in electric networks." Upravlenie kachestvom (Quality management), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-1-2101-09.
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Work on ensuring the quality of electric energy in accordance with the requirements of GOST 32144-2013 is currently relevant and requires prompt and high-quality solutions. The article lists the main consumers of electric energy that negatively affect its quality, provides the results of measurements of electric energy quality indicators and the most common violations of regulatory requirements, analyzes the influence of voltage asymmetry on the operating conditions of electrical equipment. The basic formulas for calculating the asymmetry coefficients and ways to reduce the voltage asymmetry are proposed.
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Palau-Mayo, Anna, Mikel de Prada, and José Luís Domínguez-García. "Towards more resilient electrical networks in urban areas." E3S Web of Conferences 61 (2018): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186100015.
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The requirement of system decarbonisation fixed by the EU 2050 plan is leading to an increased establishment of renewable energy sources. Additionally, the emergence of power electronics and ICT technologies has played a decisive role towards a novel distribution electric grid allowing new monitoring, operation and control. In parallel to the energetic transition, an increasing occurrence of extreme weather events and a reinforced concern on climate change leads to the concept of resilience, which is the capacity to adapt and recover from disruptive events in a coordinated procedure. After a fault event, assuming the objective of the system operator is to minimize the load unsupplied, the present study aims at outlining an early research state on the concept of self-healing through the development of a power flow optimization algorithm within a meshed network. Moreover, the effects of integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in order to increase distribution grid resilience as well as to ensure and secure power supply to the system leads to the clusterization of the power system. With controllable technologies, the on-outaged areas are able to disconnect from the main grid, creating islanded microgrids (MGs) which can work autonomously and consequently, increase grid resilience.
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Buslov, Viktor V., and Nailia Sh Chemborisova. "The Static Characteristics of Modern Load Types and Their Influence on the Electric Network Operating Modes." Vestnik MEI 2, no. 2 (2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-2-20-28.
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One of the main aims pursued in conducting a power system operating mode is to maintain the normal voltage level at the control points of the power system and at its consumers. The voltage operation parameters in the electric network must meet the requirements of Russian State Standard (GOST) 32144‑2013 in regard of permissible voltage deviations for electric energy consumers who are powered from this network. In addition, it is desirable for the consumer to have an optimal voltage level at which the costs for producing a unit of goods are kept to a minimum. Each load is characterized by different active power consumption and reactive power absorption as a function of voltage, which leads to changes in the network operating parameters. Thus, in studying the electric power system operating modes, it is necessary to take into account the load static voltage characteristics. In this study, the electrical regimes were numerically analyzed (using the RastrWin3 software package), the Jacobi matrix was calculated, and the resulting data array was approximated using the Gauss, Cramer, and numerical methods. The distribution of power consumption in an individual house/apartment is determined; modern equations for the static characteristics of domestic loads for an individual house/apartment and for load nodes belonging to the 6-20 kV and 110-220 kV voltage classes are derived, and standardized node sensornet lists for different electrical networks are calculated. The study results can be used in designing modern electrical networks, in optimizing the network operating modes, and in settling operational dispatch control matters. It has been proven based on the results from comparing the obtained equations of static load characteristics with the typical ones that the introduction of energy saving technologies and the use of modern types of electrical appliances generate the need to change the typical static load characteristics. The necessity of representing the load at nodes by full models of static load characteristics is shown.
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Zigunovs, Maksims. "THE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IMPACT ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 17, 2021): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol2.6632.
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The Alzheimer’s Disease main impact on the brain is the memory loss effect. Therefore, in the “neuron world” this makes a disorder of signal impulses and disconnects neurons that causes the neuron death and memory loss. The research main aim is to determine the average loss of signal and develop memory loss prediction models for artificial neuron network. The Izhikevich neural networking model is often used for constructing neuron neural electrical signal modeling. The neuron model signal rhythm and spikes are used as model neuron characteristics for understanding if the system is stable at certain moment and in time. In addition, the electrical signal parameters are used in similar way as they are used in a biological brain. During the research the neural network initial conditions are assumed to be randomly selected in specified the working neuron average sigma I parameters range.
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Dominguez, Xavier, Paola Mantilla-Pérez, Nuria Gimenez, Islam El-Sayed, Manuel Alberto Díaz Millán, and Pablo Arboleya. "Web-Based Simulation Environment for Vehicular Electrical Networks." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196087.
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For the validation of vehicular Electrical Distribution Systems (EDS), engineers are currently required to analyze disperse information regarding technical requirements, standards and datasheets. Moreover, an enormous effort takes place to elaborate testing plans that are representative for most EDS possible configurations. These experiments are followed by laborious data analysis. To diminish this workload and the need for physical resources, this work reports a simulation platform that centralizes the tasks for testing different EDS configurations and assists the early detection of inadequacies in the design process. A specific procedure is provided to develop a software tool intended for this aim. Moreover, the described functionalities are exemplified considering as a case study the main wire harness from a commercial vehicle. A web-based architecture has been employed in alignment with the ongoing software development revolution and thus provides flexibility for both, developers and users. Due to its scalability, the proposed software scheme can be extended to other web-based simulation applications. Furthermore, the automatic generation of electrical layouts for EDS is addressed to favor an intuitive understanding of the network. To favor human–information interaction, utilized visual analytics strategies are also discussed. Finally, full simulation workflows are exposed to provide further insights on the deployment of this type of computer platforms.
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Lykin, A. V., and E. A. Utkin. "Calculations, norming and reducing of electrical energy losses in city electrical networks." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 3 (2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-3-46-54.
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The article considers the feasibility of changing the structure of a distribution electrical network by transferring points of electricity transformation as close to consumers as possible. This approach is based on installation of pole-mounted transformer substations (PMTS) near consumer groups and changes the topology of the electrical network. At the same time, for groups of consumers, the configuration of sections of the low-voltage network, including service drops, changes. The efficiency of approaching transformer substations to consumers was estimated by the reduction in electrical energy losses due to the expansion of the high-voltage network. The calculation of electrical losses was carried out according to twenty-four hour consumer demand curve. To estimate the power losses in each section of the electrical network of high and low voltage, the calculated expressions were obtained. For the considered example, the electrical energy losses in the whole network with a modified topology is reduced by about two times, while in a high-voltage network with the same transmitted power, the losses are reduced to a practically insignificant level, and in installed PMTS transformers they increase mainly due to the rise in total idle losses. The payback period of additional capital investments in option with modified topology will be significantly greater if payback is assessed only by saving losses cost. Consequently, the determination of the feasibility of applying this approach should be carried out taking into account such factors as increasing the reliability of electricity supply, improving the quality of electricity, and increasing the power transmission capacity of the main part of electrical network.
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Atakishchev, O. I., Ivan S. Zakharov, O. A. Demchenko, A. V. Nikolaev, E. I. Nikutin, and A. B. Orynbekov. "Features of Main Steganographic Methods of Information Transmission in Information Computer Networks." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 66, no. 15 (2007): 1389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v66.i15.60.
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Nabiullin, D. I., and R. N. Balobanov. "Prediction of the electrical load of the power system using neural networks." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 05026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912405026.
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Prediction of the electrical load schedule of an electrical system is an important aspect for determining electrical loads, which ensures the correct selection and cost-effective operation of reactive power compensation devices and voltage control devices, as well as relay protection and automation. This article discusses methods for predicting electrical load using an artificial neural network. The problems of choosing the optimal architecture and algorithm of neural network training are considered. The methods of the best forecast accuracy are determined. A genetic algorithm based on the group method of data handling was chosen as the main calculation.
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Abdullazyanov, E. Yu, E. I. Gracheva, A. N. Gorlov, Z. M. Shakurova, T. V. Tabachnikova, and S. Valtchev. "Algorithms for estimating equivalent resistances of in-plant electrical networks." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 4 (2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-4-3-13.
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THE PURPOSE. Investigation of the degree of influence of the characteristics of in- plant electrical networks on the reliability of the results in the algorithms for estimating equivalent resistances. METHODS. When solving this problem, a study of the radial power supply scheme of the tool shop section was carried out with the calculation and modeling of equivalent and reference values of the circuit resistances. Algorithms and methods for estimating the values of equivalent resistances have been developed, taking into account the main technical characteristics of in-plant networks.RESULTS. The data of calculations of the equivalent resistance values of the circuits with an assessment of the heating factor of the conductors and the resistance factor of the contact devices are analyzed. The proportions of the influence of the resistances of the contact equipment and lines, taking into account the number of electric power receivers connected to the power point, on the value of the equivalent resistances of the circuit are revealed. CONCLUSION. The article develops algorithms for estimating the values of equivalent resistances of in-plant power supply circuits. Nomograms are presented that take into account the number and length of the circuit lines with the allocation of the zone of accounting for the resistances of contact equipment in the equivalent resistances of the circuits. The obtained algorithms and results are recommended to be used to clarify the amount of power and electrical energy losses in the intra- factory networks, which will increase the reliability of calculations.
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Gracheva, E. I., A. N. Gorlov, and Z. M. Shakurova. "Calculation of the economy of electric energy in industrial electrical supply systems." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 2 (2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-2-65-74.
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The article examines the main features of the layout of electrical equipment for shop networks of internal power supply with the definition of indicators for a group of shop customers connected to a single power center, affecting the choice of the structure of schemes for shop network sites. The parameters characterizing the circuit topology are revealed. A study is presented of the influence of the load factor of workshop transformers on their reactive power factor, it is proved by calculation by technical and economic criteria the feasibility of replacing a workshop transformer with two with a lower total power. The calculation of energy savings in the in-plant power supply systems. The type of dependences tgφ of transformers ТМ and ТСЗ with various rated powers in the function of loading transformers is established. The most significant factors of the growth of idle power losses during operation are presented. With determination of losses of active and reactive power and electricity in transformers and losses of active power in a high voltage distribution network A feasibility study was carried out on the options for internal power supply schemes with two transformers of lower power installed instead of one, and the feasibility of such a replacement to increase the efficiency of the equipment was proved and the estimated payback period for the investment capital was determined. A comparative analysis of the studied power supply schemes of industrial enterprises with the identification of their advantages and disadvantages.
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Yu Mikaelian, E., and M. A. Trubicin. "The electric substations compensating devices’ distribution optimization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 4 (2021): 042072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042072.
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Abstract The article discusses methods for calculating electrical networks when choosing the consumer compensating devices’ location. The main network and calculation module of a complex network is analyzed. The mathematical support of the reactive power factor compensation (PFC) problem is described in regional power systems, the areas of application of individual models are substantiated, and the results of the practical use of the corresponding calculation results are analyzed.
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Korotkevich, M. A., and A. L. Starzhinskij. "THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY OF THE MAIN ELECTRIC CONNECTION CIRCUITS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 60, no. 3 (2017): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2017-60-3-191-197.
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The reliability of the main circuit of electrical connections at a nuclear electric power plant that has two units with a capacity of 1,200 MW each has been determined. Reliability, economical, maneuverable properties of the atomic power plant under study are largely determined by its main circuit, so the choice of the circuit for the design and its status in the process of operation occur to be critical objectives. Main electrical connection circuits in nuclear electric power plants are selected on the basis of the schematic networks of the energy system and the land attached to the plant. The circuit of the connection of a nuclear power plant to the grid in the original normal operating modes at all stages of the construction of such a plant should provide the outcome of the full added capacity of a nuclear power plant and the preservation of its stability in the power system without the influence of the emergency system automatics when any outgoing transmission line is disabled. When selecting the main circuit the individual capacity of the installed units and their number are taken into account as well as the order of development of the plant and power supply system; the voltage on which the power of a plant is delivered; a shortcircuit current for switchgear high voltage and the need for their limitation by circuit means; the most power that can be lost when damage to any switch. A model of reliability of the main circuit of electrical connections is designed to detect all types of accidents that are possible at the coincidence of failures of elements with the repair and operational modes that differs in composition and damageability of the equipment, as well as under conditions of the development of accidents due to failure of operation of devices of relay protection and automation.
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Zaharova, Alla, Irina Lobur, and Nadezda Shauleva. "Research of Loadings Character in Electrical Networks of Open-Casts Mining." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910501055.
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Calculation of loadings and losses in electrical networks of open-casts is bound to the difficulties caused by irregularity of individual production schedules of rope shovels – the main and most power-intensive consumers. The computational method according to load charts is presented. It allows to consider irregularity of loading manifestation during an shovelling cycle that significantly increases accuracy of calculations of losses in net-works in comparison with calculation for mean squared current.
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Wang, K. W., J. S. Lai, and W. K. Yu. "An Energy-Based Parametric Control Approach for Structural Vibration Suppression via Semi-Active Piezoelectric Networks." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 3 (1996): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888213.
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A structural vibration control concept, using piezoelectric materials shunted with real-time adaptable electrical networks, has been investigated. The variable resistance and inductance in an external RL circuit are used as control inputs. An energy-based parametric control scheme is created to reduce the total system energy (the main structure mechanical energy plus the electrical and mechanical energies of the piezoelectric material and electrical circuit) while minimizing the energy flowing into the main structure. Stability of the closed-loop system is proved. The performance of the controller is examined through analyzing a beam example. It is shown that the structure energy level and vibration amplitude can be suppressed effectively.
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Abdullazyanov, E. Yu, E. I. Gracheva, A. N. Gorlov, Z. M. Shakurova, and A. G. Logacheva. "Influence of low-voltage electrical switching and protecting devices and parameters of electrical equipment on electricity losses in workshop power supply networks." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 3 (2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-3-3-13.
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THE PURPOSE. To develop an algorithm for estimating electricity losses, taking into account the influencing factors in the main circuits of shop power supply. To study the influence of the main parameters of electrical equipment on the equivalent resistance of the distribution busbar. METHODS. We use element-by-element methods for calculating active power losses using equivalent resistance on the example of a section of the main circuit of the shop network. Factors affecting the equivalent busbar resistance, such as the root-mean-square load factor, the load graph shape factor, the resistance of the contact connections of switching devices, and the ambient temperature, are investigated. RESULTS. The values of the resistances of the branch lines from the busbar are calculated taking into account the heating of the conductors and the resistances of the circuit breakers and magnetic starters installed on the line during the element-by-element calculation. The relations in the value of the equivalent resistance of the busbar to the values of the resistances of the contact connections of low-voltage electrical devices installed on the branch lines from the busbar, the values of the resistances of the branch lines taking into account heating, the value of the resistance of the busbar and the values of the resistance due to the heating of the busbar are revealed. CONCLUSIONS. The share of each of the studied parameters in the value of the equivalent resistance of the busbar is determined. The value of the relative error in determining the equivalent resistance of the busbar depending on the number of connected electric receivers and taking into account the studied parameters is calculated. The estimation of the value of the electricity losses of the section of the main scheme of the shop network was carried out in accordance with the daily schedule of the load of consumers.
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Tian, Man-Wen, Khalid Alattas, Fayez El-Sousy, et al. "A New Short Term Electrical Load Forecasting by Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Networks." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093034.
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In this study, we present a new approach for load forecasting (LF) using a recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) for Kermanshah City. Imagine if there is a need for electricity in a region in the coming years, we will have to build a power plant or reinforce transmission lines, so this will be resolved if accurate forecasts are made at the right time. Furthermore, suppose that by building distributed generation plants, and predicting future consumption, we can conclude that production will be more than consumption, so we will seek to export energy to other countries and make decisions on this. In this paper, a novel combination of neural networks (NNs) and type-2 fuzzy systems (T2FSs) is used for load forecasting. Adding feedback to the fuzzy neural network can also benefit from past moments. This feedback structure is called a recurrent fuzzy neural network. In this paper, Kermanshah urban electrical load data is used. The simulation results prove the efficiency of this method for forecasting the electrical load. We found that we can accurately predict the electrical load of the city for the next day with 98% accuracy. The accuracy index is the evaluation of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The main contributions are: (1) Introducing a new fuzzy neural network. (2) Improving and increasing the accuracy of forecasting using the proposed fuzzy neural network. (3) Taking data from a specific area (Kermanshah City) and forecasting the electrical load for that area. (4) The ability to enter new data without calculations from the beginning.
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Alcala-Gonzalez, Daniel, Eva García del Toro, M. Isabel Más-López, Sara García-Salgado, and Santiago Pindado. "Linear Programming Coordination for Overcurrent Relay in Electrical Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (2022): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094279.
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Electric power distribution networks are generally radial in nature, with unidirectional power flows transmitted from the highest voltage levels to the consumption levels. The protection system in these distribution networks is relatively simple and consists mainly of fuses, reclosers (RC) and overcurrent relays (OCRs). The installation of distributed generation (DG) in a network causes coordination problems between these devices, because the power flows are no longer unidirectional and can flow upstream to the substation. For this reason, the work proposed here analyzes the most significant impacts that DG has on the protection devices and proposes an adjustment method for the OCRs based on linear programming (LP) techniques with the aim of improving their response time to the different faults that may occur in the main feeder of the network. The distribution system selected for the study is the IEEE 34 bus system using DIgSILENT 14.1 software for its modeling and Matlab for the adjustment of the overcurrent devices. Results indicate that better coordination between protection devices are achieved if LP is used.
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SKRYPNYK, S. "Study of the influence of overvoltage on the quality of electricity in energy systems." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 23, no. 2 (2020): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2020-2-52-58.
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Our world with its high technologies has long been deeply dependent on the quality of electricity supply. In most countries of the world there are national power grids that combine the entire set of generating capacity and loads. This network provides the operation of household appliances, lighting, heating, refrigeration, air conditioning and transport, as well as the functioning of the state apparatus, industry, finance, trade, health services and utilities across the country. Without this utility, namely electricity, the modern world simply could not live at its current pace. Sophisticated technological improvements are firmly rooted in our lives and workplaces, and with the advent of e-commerce began the process of continuous transformation of the way individuals interact with the rest of the world. But with the achievement of intelligent technologies, an uninterrupted power supply is required, the parameters of which exactly meet the established standards. These standards maintain our energy security and create a reliable power system, that is maintaining the system in a trouble-free state. Overvoltage is the deviation of the rated voltage from the value of the corresponding quality standard (frequency, sinusoidal voltage and compliance of harmonics). Overvoltage in terms of fire hazard is one of the most dangerous emergency modes of electrical equipment, which causes conditions that in most cases are sufficient for the occurrence of fire hazards (exceeding the allowable voltage leads to disruption of normal operation or possible ignition). Against the background of deteriorating engineering systems, increased power consumption and poor maintenance, power supply of electrical installations, the main causes of overvoltage in electrical networks are thunderstorms (atmospheric overvoltage), switching switches, uneven phase load in electrical networks, etc. The physical picture of internal overvoltage is due to oscillatory transients from the initial to the established voltage distributions in the conductive sections due to the different situation in the electrical circuit. In the conditions of operation of electric networks planned, mode or emergency situations are possible. Therefore, the ranges of overvoltage are determined by the range from several hundred volts to tens and hundreds of kilovolts, and depend on the types of overvoltage. Atmospheric overvoltage is considered to be one of the most dangerous types of emergency modes of operation of the electrical network. This overvoltage occurs as a result of lightning discharge during precipitation by concentrating electricity on the surface of the object, the introduction of potential through engineering networks and
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Nassar, Ibrahim A., Mohammed Sh Seif, and Mahmoud M. ElAttar. "Improving the voltage quality of Abu Hummus network in Egypt." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 4458. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4458-4468.
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In this paper the performance of the electrical network of Egypt is studied by considering a small part on the network (Abu Hummus city). The transmission network of Abu Hummus city was created for 66 kV, 11 kV, and 0.4 kV in the digital simulation and electrical network calculation (DIgSILENT power factory software) to study the voltage profiles. The load flow operational analysis was performed to obtain the voltage magnitudes at every bus bar. The voltage magnitudes in 11 kV and 0.4 kV networks were 10% to 15% less than the nominal value due to overloading off the transmission lines and the voltage magnitudes in 66 kV was within permissible limits. By using automatic tap-changing transformer or Static VAR System, the main idea of this paper is to obtain the voltage profiles at every bus bar to improve the voltage quality of the networks, so as to achieve better voltage profiles on the low voltage side without much effect on high voltage side under various operating conditions.
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Levin, Vladimir, Nikolay Guzhov, Natalya Chernenko, and Ammar Yahya. "Methodology for managing equipment repairs in oilfield electrical networks." Science Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 2-3 (November 13, 2020): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2020-2-3-139-155.
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An innovative methodology for managing repairs in distribution networks and power supply systems for oilfield facilities is proposed in this paper. The methodology makes it possible to select optimal solutions in accordance with the priority management goal by formalizing a risk-based model for planning maintenance and repair (M&R) of electrical equipment with a "condition-based maintenance" strategy. One of the main options in the complex of M&R management tasks is an adaptive model of the technological map for the repairs of power facilities, formed in compliance with a number of key principles. The developed model allows you to optimize the volume and complexity of repairs of electrical equipment of a certain type based on the minimum composition of technological operations necessary to eliminate the identified defects. Detection of defects in electrical equipment is achieved by using methods of technical diagnostics and non-destructive testing. In this case, each of the defects is recorded in the defect statement for the object, with the determination of the degree of criticality and fixing a specific type of corrective action. Optimal prioritization of electrical equipment repairs is performed in accordance with the minimum risk function under current restrictions on reliability (an equipment technical condition index) and available resources (total maintenance costs). The originality of the implementation of a key risk event – a power supply failure of an oilfield facility provides calculating the probability and severity of the consequences of an electrical equipment failure taking into account its technical condition and features of the power supply scheme. The given example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach and emphasizes the validity of optimal decisions. The key components of the developed methodology have found practical application in the conditions of real operation of the equipment of oilfield facilities.
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Sai, M., Parth Upadhyay, and Babji Srinivasan. "Fault Detection and Isolation in Electrical Machines using Deep Neural Networks." Defence Science Journal 69, no. 3 (2019): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.14413.
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Condition and health monitoring of electrical machines during dynamic loading is a common, yet challenging problem in main battle tanks. Existing methods address this issue by extracting various features which are subsequently used in a classifier to isolate faults. However, this approach relies on the feature set being extracted and therefore most of the time does not provide expected accuracy in identification of faults. In this work, we have used convolution neural network that utilises the original time domain measurements for fault detection and isolation (FDI). Results from experimental studies indicate that the proposed approach can perform FDI with more than 95\% accuracy using commonly available current measurements.
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Lekbich, Anass, Abdelaziz Belfqih, Chaimae Zedak, Jamal Boukherouaa, and F. Elmariami. "Implementation of a decentralized real-time management system for electrical distribution networks using the internet of things in smart grids." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 3 (2021): 1142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.2436.
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Intelligent management of the electrical network is the implementation of an integrated system based on a reliable and secure communication architecture for transmitting end-to-end information between the equipment and the management system. The main objective of this work is to develop an intelligent telecontrol solution for the electrical distribution network combining communication techniques and an intelligent reconfiguration strategy. The solution is based on a graphic model and a secure communication architecture using the internet of things to ensure flexibility in terms of management of the intelligent network. This intelligent multi-criteria solution uses a secure communication architecture and the MQTT protocol to ensure system interoperability and security. The tests were carried out on the IEEE 33 bus network and consequently, an optimization of the losses and a clear improvement in the nodal voltage were recorded despite the variation of the electric charge.
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Saravanan, N., A. Duyar, T. H. Guo, and W. C. Merrill. "Modeling space shuttle main engine using feed-forward neural networks." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 17, no. 4 (1994): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.21250.
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Bukreev, Aleksey V. "Device for Remote and Mobile Monitoring of Electrical Grids of Agricultural Facilities." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 48, no. 4 (2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-23-28.
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The main methods that are used in the process of energy inspection of agricultural facilities include instrumental inspection of both the electrical grid of the enterprise as a whole and individual technological processes, electrical devices and electrical equipment. The instrumental survey allows you to get diagrams of the electrical load, record the consumption of electrical energy and investigate the main parameters of the electric grid on the enterprise at its different points. It is desirable to carry out such measurements without disconnecting the electrical devices, as this can lead to losses for the enterprise. The available instruments and complexes do not allow remote monitoring of the operating parameters of the electrical grid, are not adapted for long-term measurements in the conditions of agricultural facilities. Permanently installed metering devices, monitoring devices do not provide the necessary mobility during the energy audit. It is required to develop devices for remote and mobile measurement of operating parameters electrical grid of agricultural facilities. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a device for remote and mobile measurement of operating parameters of electric grid of agricultural facilities. (Materials and methods) The article presents the analysis of literature sources, the analysis of existing means for measuring electrical energy parameters. (Results and discussion) The existing methods and technical means that allow for the study of the parameters of the operating modes of electric networks are not adapted to long-term measurements in the conditions of agricultural facilities, since they have low protection from the environment and a high cost. The article presents the developed device schematics and an experimental sample. Its tests were conducted verifying the accuracy of measurements and the correctness of the specified functions. (Conclusions) A device has been developed for remote and mobile measurement of operating parameters of electrical grid of agricultural facilities. Based on the test results, the operability of the developed device was confirmed.