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Journal articles on the topic 'Main types of measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Tsapalov, Andrey, and Konstantin Kovler. "Metrology for Indoor Radon Measurements and Requirements for Different Types of Devices." Sensors 24, no. 2 (2024): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020504.

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Indoor radon measurements have been conducted in many countries worldwide for several decades. However, to date, there is a lack of a globally harmonized measurement standard. Furthermore, measurement protocols in the US (short-term tests for 2–7 days) and European Union countries (long-term tests for at least 2 months) differ significantly, and their metrological support is underdeveloped, as clear mathematical algorithms (criteria) and QA/QC procedures considering fundamental ISO/IEC concepts such as “measurement uncertainty” and “conformity assessment” are still absent. In this context, for

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Lorenzo-Bayona, José Luis, David León, Isabel Amez, Blanca Castells, and Ljiljana Medic. "Experimental Comparison of Functionality between the Main Types of Methane Measurement Sensors in Mines." Energies 16, no. 5 (2023): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052207.

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In recent years, coal mine methane measurement techniques in mines have been gaining importance as poor firedamp control in work can cause the interruption of production and even fatal accidents. Since there is currently a variety of methane measurement equipment with different functional characteristics and measurement principles, a study is needed to indicate which type of equipment has the highest degree of confidence. This research presents the results of a study carried out by the Official Laboratory J. M. Madariaga (LOM) of the Polytechnic University of Madrid that aims to analyze the re

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Tinnilä, Markku. "Measurement of Service Efficiency in Different Types of Banking Services." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 4, no. 1 (2013): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jssmet.2013010104.

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As the share of services in economies grow globally, the efficiency of service production becomes crucial. Despite the many studies on service efficiency, it has proven difficult to find the right measures. The main reason is wide range of services from simple to complex, and from mass to professional services. Consequently, there are no commonly accepted measurement frameworks for comparing the efficiency of different types of services. The Service process matrix developed by Schmenner is one of the most widespread and has been extended and applied by many other researchers. This paper uses t

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Sokolova, Anastasia A., and Olga N. Kalachikova. "CIRCULAR MIGRATION: CONCEPTUAL MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS." Economy of the North-West: problems and prospects of development 1, no. 68 (2022): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/2411-4588-2022-1-52-66.

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The article analyzes the essence of the circular migration. There was an attempt to define clear criteria which will help to distinguish the circular migration from other return types of migration. An analysis of existing approaches to the concept of circular migration was made; the main methods and data sources for its assessment were investigated. The circular migration definition was revised, the key aspects of the phenomenon were highlighted, on the basis of which a classification of circular migration was proposed. During the research the main types of information sources on the assessmen

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Ilias, Azleen, and Mohd Zulkeflee Abd Razak. "REVIEWING MANAGING THROUGH PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT." Labuan e-Journal of Muamalat and Society (LJMS) 1 (June 30, 2007): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/ljms.vi.2996.

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Performance measurement is a control of a company for track progress. In traditional measure that focus only financial measure and ignore all factors that not associated with financial. According to Kaplan and Norton (1996), the balanced scorecard emphasizes that financial and non-financial measures must be part of the information system for employees at all levels of the organization. The process of blending all measures is the most important factor in managing the organization performance measurement system.First of all, this conceptual will explained regarding the main performance measureme

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Cepa, Jorge J., Rubén M. Pavón, Paloma Caramés, and Marcos G. Alberti. "A Review of Gas Measurement Practices and Sensors for Tunnels." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031090.

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The concentration of pollutant gases emitted by traffic in a tunnel affects the indoor air quality and contributes to structural deterioration. Demand control ventilation systems incur high operating costs, so reliable measurement of the gas concentration is essential. Numerous commercial sensor types are available with proven experience, such as optical and first-generation electrochemical sensors, or novel materials in detection methods. However, all of them are subjected to measurement deviations due to environmental conditions. This paper presents the main types of sensors and their applic

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Božiková, Monika, and Peter Hlaváč. "Transient Methods and their Usage for Flour Thermophysical Parameters Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 1059 (December 2014): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1059.75.

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This article focuses on temperature relations of selected thermophysical parameters for three different types of wheat flour. The main objective of experiment was to determine the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and volume specific heat of wheat flour produced in Slovakia. Measurements were performed in laboratory settings. Thermal parameters were measured by the thermal analyser Isomet 2104 with two types of probes – a linear probe and plane probe. Measurement by the linear probe is based on the hot wire method, and measurement by the plane probe is based on the extended dynamic pla

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Bekzhanova, T. K., and D. D. Yeshpanova. "THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SHADOW ECONOMY MEASUREMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN." Statistika, učet i audit 88, no. 1 (2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51579/1563-2415.2023-1.02.

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The problems of shadow economy development, its place in the national economic system, the ratio of constructive and destructive potential do not lose relevance and still cause active scientific discussions. The need to implement continuous measures to counteract the development of the scale and types of shadow economic activity, as well as the complexity of their application requires the assessment of the shadow economy. Despite the variety of methods to assess the informal economy the problem of identifying the shadow economy based on empirical analysis of the relationship between economic c

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Božiková, Monika, Peter Hlaváč, Vlasta Vozárová, and Ľubomír Beláň. "Experimental Determination Of Soft Wheat Flour Thermal Parameters." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 18, no. 1 (2015): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2015-0002.

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Abstract This article focuses on temperature relations of selected thermophysical parameters for soft wheat flour. The main aim of experiment was to determine the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and volume specific heat of soft wheat flour in Slovakia marked as Špeciál 00 Extra. Measurements were performed in laboratory settings. Thermal parameters were measured using the thermal analyser Isomet 2104 with two types of probes - a linear probe and plane probe. Measurement by the linear probe is based on a hot wire method, and measurement by the plane probe is based on a simplified plan

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Sial, Muhajir, and Abdullah Abid. "Measurement of Central Tendencies." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 3 (2023): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.3.29.

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The main purpose of this article is to understand central tendencies, its application, its types, as well as to learn how to achieve arithmetic mean from grouped and ungrouped data. We will be able to understand geometric and harmonic means and way to calculate them from grouped and ungrouped data. In addition, we will learn which types of mean tends to have more errors and which one to use in which circumstances. We will also be able to know median and mode that are located at the center of data. This article will elucidate the differences between arithmetic mean, median and mode as well as e

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Glushechenko, E. M. "Measurement methods and mathematical model of main characteristics of waveguide-coaxial connectors." Технология и конструирование в электронной аппаратуре, no. 5-6 (2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15222/tkea2021.5-6.16.

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Modern complex microwave radio electronic systems may use functional devices implemented on different types of transmission lines. In order to connect such devices to each other to form antenna feed system, the following three types of special connectors can be used: coaxial, waveguide, and combined microwave devices based on waveguide and coaxial segments. The main electrical characteristics of waveguide coaxial connectors (WCC) are the losses introduced by the device to the antenna feed and matching with the regular microwave path (voltage standing-wave ratio, VSWR). Standard methods and sta

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Caroline, L. L., and Nasser R Afshar. "Effect of Types of Weir on Discharge." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.137.2014.

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The measurement of discharge is one of the main concerns in hydraulic engineering. The study of types of weir on discharge is important as the knowledge of the accurate measurement of discharges helps in understanding of the flow mechanism as well as designing the hydraulic structures for future. Structures such as rectangular weir, vee notch weir and crump weir are placed in a channel to measure the flow rate. By using Bernoulli’s equation, weir equation are derived and used to determine the flow rate. The main objective is to determine the optimum discharge for different types of weirs. This

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J.Salai, Thillai Thilagam, M.V.R.Vittal Dr., G.Amjad Khan Dr., and Reddy B.Siva. "Measurement and Analysis of Vector Network Analyzer." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 11, no. 6 (2022): 41–46. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.F3681.0811622.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>One of the main instrument used in the microwave communication laboratory is analyzer. Particularly, network analyzer, which is used for testing the RF components. Here in this paper the vector network analyzer design study and measurement analysis is discussed. The introduction to Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), working, types, blocks, function, measurements and specifications are presented as revisiting the technologies. As a DUT, a fractal antenna is connected to VNA and its results are presented.

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Wang, Shih Ming, Han Jen Yu, and Da Fan Chen. "A Ball-Bar Based Error Measurement Method for a RRTTT-Type Five-Axis Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.785.

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Measurement method using telescoping ball-bar that can directly determine the volumetric errors of three main types of five-axis machine tools was developed. Adopting Single Socket method, and the method following the defined two-step measurements sequence and incorporating with derived error models, can quickly determine the five degrees-of-freedom (DOF) volumetric errors of five-axis machine tools. Comparing to most of the current used measurement methods, the proposed method provides the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, easy setup, and high accuracy.

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Li, Kun, Xuefei Li, and Keji Yao. "Outdoor Thermal Environments of Main Types of Urban Areas during Summer: A Field Study in Wuhan, China." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020952.

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Under the influence of the urban heat island effect, the thermal environments of urban built-up areas are poor, leading to the loss of urban vitality and the extreme deterioration of thermal comfort. In this paper, the outdoor thermal environment in Wuhan’s main urban area is studied via the use of field measurements. From June to August in the years 2015 to 2017, 20 measurement points were selected for monitoring from 08:00 to 19:00 h, which were located in spaces such as residential areas, parklands, commercial streets, and college/university campuses. The measurements for the same types of

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Kostić, Vojin, and Nebojša Raičević. "An alternative approach for touch and step voltages measurement in high-voltage substations." Electric Power Systems Research 130 (September 10, 2015): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2015.08.023.

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This paper presents the study of a measurement technique for touch and step voltages. In essence, we elaborate an approach which is very similar to the measurement of the grounding system impedance. In addition, the main focus is on the measurements at energized substation where different types of coupling between the test leads, grounding grids, sheats of underground cables and overhead ground wires affect the precise measurement. In order to avoid the measurement difficulties, we use low magnitude variable frequency AC test current (so called Frequency Shift Method – FSM). We compare F

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Adcock, Robert, and David Collier. "Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research." American Political Science Review 95, no. 3 (2001): 529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401003100.

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Scholars routinely make claims that presuppose the validity of the observations and measurements that operationalize their concepts. Yet, despite recent advances in political science methods, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to measurement validity. We address this gap by exploring four themes. First, we seek to establish a shared framework that allows quantitative and qualitative scholars to assess more effectively, and communicate about, issues of valid measurement. Second, we underscore the need to draw a clear distinction between measurement issues and disputes about concepts

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Anggarani, Ni Kadek Nova, D. J. Djoko H.S., and Unggul P. Juswono. "Identification of Free Radical in Main Stream Cigarette Smoke in Cigarette with Clove mix (Kretek) and Cigarette without Clove mix (White)." BULETIN FISIKA 21, no. 2 (2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2020.v21.i02.p06.

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Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals. Cigarette smoke is a component of Aerosols and free gases that contain large amounts of chemical compounds. Cigarette smoke can be divided into two: main smoke and side smoke. The main smoke of cigarettes inhaled by smokers is known to cause a buildup of harmful substances and causes of oxidative stress so that research is carried out using ESR Leybold Heraeus. The sample used is a smoke sample from two types of cigarettes that are popular in Indonesia. The measurement is done by pulling smoke directly into the measurement tube. Then the resonance

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Nikadinata, Vivian, Anisa Nur Aena, Atikah Anjani Oktafianti, and Wahyu Kurniawati. "Learning Quantities and Units in Elementary Schools." Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia 3, no. 01 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.58471/ju-pendi.v3i01.406.

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Quantities and units are the main foundation in physics, forming an inseparable basis for understanding more complex physical concepts. This article explores various aspects of quantities and units, starting from basic quantities, derived quantities, to vector and scalar quantities. The discussion covers measurement topics, measurement techniques, units, international systems of units, and dimensions. The importance of quantities and units is not only as technical terminology, but as an integral component for measuring and conveying natural phenomena with precision. This article aims to provid

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Guz, Łukasz. "Technical aspects of SAW gas sensors application in environmental measurements." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925206007.

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The development of semiconductor technology and computer methods allows for the improvements in air pollutions measurement techniques. Besides the traditional techniques of air pollution measurement such as chromatography or dynamic olfactometry, the electronic nose (EN) gains increasing attention in this area. EN is a device which imitates the human olfactory sense. The main component of the device is an array of many nonspecific gas sensors. In this article, the most frequently used types of gas sensors in scientific studies were shortly characterised as: metal oxide semiconductors (MOS), co

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Mahnic Naglic, Maja, and Slavenka Petrak. "A method for body posture classification of three-dimensional body models in the sagittal plane." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 2 (2017): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517741155.

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The main purpose of this research was to develop a method for the classification of body posture types, using a three-dimensional body scanner and data on anthropometric measurement. A sample of 102 male test subjects, aged from 20 to 30 years, and without structural deformities of the locomotor system, were scanned. Anthropometric body measurement was performed and 16 measurements were selected to calculate upper and lower body curve angles as a set of posture indicators. The number of maximally different groups of test subjects was determined using k-means cluster analysis and factor analysi

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Lussier, Tyler, Natalie Schoebe, and Sabine Mai. "Risk Stratification and Treatment in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma." Cells 11, no. 1 (2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11010130.

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Smoldering multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous asymptomatic precursor to multiple myeloma. Since its identification in 1980, risk stratification models have been developed using two main stratification methods: clinical measurement-based and genetics-based. Clinical measurement models can be subdivided in three types: baseline measurements (performed at diagnosis), evolving measurements (performed over time during follow-up appointments), and imaging (for example, magnetic resonance imaging). Genetic approaches include gene expression profiling, DNA/RNA sequencing, and cytogenetics. It is impo

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Krawczyk, Marzena. "Sources of Information for Innovative Activity of Enterprises. Types, Importance, Measurement." Oeconomia Copernicana 4, no. 1 (2013): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2013.001.

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Innovation determines expansion or just existence of enterprises. It’s an important element of competitive advantage and it is a characteristic that encourages customers to buy novelties. Unfortunately, with innovation activity closely related is uncertainty risk, that means insecurity that costly process of creating innovation solutions will succeed. By dint of necessity of high costs of innovation activity, only small percent of enterprises have their own research and development buck-up. More and more popular become external sources of information for innovative activity, such as: customers

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Thanh, Luong Duy, Nguyen Canh Thai, Nguyen Manh Hung, Nguyen Cong Thang, and Luong Thi Thanh Huong. "SELF-POTENTIAL METHOD FOR DETECTION OF WATER LEAKAGE THROUGH DAMS." Earth Science Malaysia 4, no. 2 (2020): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2020.152.155.

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The self-potential (SP) method is a passive, non-invasive and cost-effective geophysical method based on the measurement of electrical potential naturally occurring on the earth’s surface. One of the main causes for the electrical potential at the earth’s surface is water seepage under the ground. In this work, we perform the SP measurement on a small artificial earthen dam built at Thuyloi University. Our result shows that the selection of electrode types is crucial in the SP measurements. Namely, Cu/CuSO4 porous pots are much better than copper stake electrodes for the SP measurement. Additi

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Kajánek, Pavol. "Testing of the Possibilities of Using IMUs with Different Types of Movements." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 12 (June 3, 2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.12.10.

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Inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained navigation technique. Its main purpose is to determinate the position and the trajectory of the object´s movement in space. This technique is well represented not only as a supplementary method (GPS/INS integrated system) but as an autonomous system for navigation of vehicles and pedestrians, also. The aim of this paper is to design a test for low-cost inertial measurement units. The test results give us information about accuracy, which determine the possible use in indoor navigation or other applications. There are described some methods f

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Kelemenová, Tatiana, and Dovica Miroslav. "IDENTIFICATION OF MAXIMUM INACCURACY OF TOOLMAKERS MICROSCOPE." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 3(17) (2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-3(17)-68-74.

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Urgency of the research. There are several types of measurement devices. Industrial practice needs simple, fast and cheap measurement system for inspection of produced parts. There is a need for system like toolmakers microscope. Target setting. Toolmakers microscope is very popular because of its simplicity, but producer often do not provide information about the errors during the measurements. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Toolmakers microscope uses two methods of measurements – micrometer head slides in two axes XY and CCD camera for measurements of very small dimensions

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Aschepkov, Valeriy. "METHODS OF MACHINE LEARNING IN MODERN METROLOGY." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 85 (2024): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2024.01.057.

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In the modern world of scientific and technological progress, the requirements for the accuracy and reliability of measurements are becoming increasingly stringent. The rapid development of machine learning (ML) methods opens up perspectives for improving metrological processes and enhancing the quality of measurements. This article explores the potential application of ML methods in metrology, outlining the main types of ML models in automatic instrument calibration, analysis, and prediction of data. Attention is paid to the development of hybrid approaches that combine ML methods with tradit

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Naji, Simon A., and Trevor A. Sheldon. "The measurement of patient outcomes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 101 (1993): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005662.

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In this chapter, we describe the role of patient outcome measurement in quality assurance under six main section headings. In the first section: ‘Why measure outcomes?’, we attempt to state a clear and logical case for considering the inclusion of patient outcome measurement in all systematic assessments of the quality of health care. In, ‘Problems of measuring patient outcomes’, we acknowledge and elaborate upon some of the commonly encountered theoretical and practical difficulties of patient outcome measurement, and upon some of the ways in which such issues might be addressed within specif

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Kulmuminov, Olimjon Khurramovich. "MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR ERROR ANALYSIS." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 12 (2024): 467–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531507.

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<em>It is necessary to reduce the individual measurement error as much as possible. For this purpose, it is necessary to know the description of the measurement error and at least a list of the main factors that affect the amount of error in the measurement result.</em> <em>Measuring a quantity is the process of comparing it with another quantity that is accepted as a unit of measurement that is homogeneous with it. For example, when measuring wear, an operation is performed to find out how many times the decrease or increase in diameter, thickness, or other linear dimension (including the len

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Berlyand, T. P., and N. G. Tonkikh. "Metrological problems of measurements of environmental objects in terms of spectrometry and radiometry of alpha, beta, gamma-emitting radionuclides." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2192, no. 1 (2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2192/1/012024.

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Abstract This article deals with methods for measuring the characteristics of ionizing radiation in solving problems of radiation monitoring of the environment, industrial premises, sanitary protection zones, human pollution control using measurement techniques certified in the prescribed manner. The types of measuring instruments involved in the measurement of various quantities are listed. The main objects of measurements used in radiation monitoring of the environment, control of surface contamination and human contamination are named. The metrological characteristics (measured quantities)

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Mizuno, Takeshi. "Development of Mass Measurement Devices for Zero-Gravity Experiments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 36 (October 2010): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.36.21.

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A review of mass measurement devices developed by the author is presented. According to the measurement principles, the treated devices are classified into two types. The first type uses a dynamic vibration absorber as a device for both mass measurement and vibration control. The main advantage is no vibration transmitted into the surrounding structures during measurement. The second type uses relay feedback. The advantages are simpler mechanism and robustness against disturbances. In this article, the principles of measurement of each type are presented.

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Qiu, Hua, and Chang Jun Lin. "Measurement Errors of Coordinate Measuring Machine Produced by Touch Trigger Probe System." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.756.

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In this paper, the authors discuss the influence of touch trigger probe system on CMM measurement performance based on measurement experiment results. A ring gage and a plug gage finished in high accuracy are employed as test pieces and the measurements performed under the conditions of combining different extension bar and approaching speed. Two main types of errors, periodic component and high frequency undulation, are verified. Introduction of the extension bar may significantly aggravate the accuracy and reliability, especially, associated with a comparatively large approaching speed. In a

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Masharipov, Sh M., and J. Kh Kudratov. "Development of sensitive measuring circuits for measurement of physicochemical parameters and their metrological characteristics." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337101027.

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A sensitive measuring scheme has been developed for capacitive-semiconductor converters of humidity of dispersed media, and basic static characteristics have been obtained depending on the duration of bipolar pulses, providing an increase in accuracy and linearity of the static characteristics. A scientifically based increase in the reliability of the results of chemical analysis and physicochemical measurements, the identification and minimization of their errors are impossible without the use of the foundations of metrology - the science of measurements. At the same time, theoretical metrolo

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Yan, Shuyan, Junkai Shi, Guannan Li, et al. "Advances in Aeroengine Cooling Hole Measurement: A Comprehensive Review." Sensors 24, no. 7 (2024): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072152.

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Film cooling technology is of great significance to enhance the performance of aero-engines and extend service life. With the increasing requirements for film cooling efficiency, researchers and engineers have carried out a lot of work on the precision and digital measurement of cooling holes. Based on the above, this paper outlines the importance and principles of film cooling technology and reviews the evolution of cooling holes. Also, this paper details the traditional measurement methods of the cooling hole used in current engineering scenarios with their limitations and categorizes digita

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Goede, Simon L., and Melvin Khee-Shing Leow. "General Error Analysis in the Relationship between Free Thyroxine and Thyrotropin and Its Clinical Relevance." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/831275.

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Background. This treatise investigates error sources in measurements applicable to the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) system of analysis for homeostatic set point computation. The hypothalamus-pituitary transfer characteristic (HP curve) describes the relationship between plasma free thyroxine [FT4] and thyrotropin [TSH].Objective. We define the origin, types, causes, and effects of errors that are commonly encountered in TFT measurements and examine how we can interpret these to construct a reliable HP function for set point establishment.Design and Methods. The error sources in the cli

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Fortin-Côté, Alexis, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Laurent Bouyer, Philip Jackson, and Alexandre Campeau-Lecours. "Allumo: Preprocessing and Calibration Software for Wearable Accelerometers Used in Posture Tracking." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010229.

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Inertial measurement units have recently shown great potential for the accurate measurement of joint angle movements in replacement of motion capture systems. In the race towards long duration tracking, inertial measurement units increasingly aim to ensure portability and long battery life, allowing improved ecological studies. Their main advantage over laboratory grade equipment is their usability in a wider range of environment for greater ecological value. For accurate and useful measurements, these types of sensors require a robust orientation estimation that remains accurate over long per

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Mironovs, Viktors, Pavels Stankevics, Janis Lungevics, and Gunars Lignickis. "Technological Assessment in Machining of CuSn10-C Powder Parts." Key Engineering Materials 799 (April 2019): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.799.116.

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The main objective of this paper was to investigate machinability and technological assessment of powder metallurgy (PM) parts, especially bushings made by PM process. The bushings are made of CuSn10-C powder. Machining of the PM bushings was performed under various technological parameters, such as a cutting speed, a depth of cut and a feed. The main objective was to achieve or improve surface roughness (Sa – 0.3 to 0.6 μm) of machined bushing. Surface roughness is one of the main parameters, in result of which satisfactory performance of the bushing is achieved. The values of technological p

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Artem, Kucher, Narakidze Nuri, Tjaglicova Polina, and Filonova Maryana. "DEVELOPMENT OF SWITCHING AND MEASUREMENT CIRCUITS FOR PROBLEMS OF ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 5 (106) (2020): 51–59. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.210776.

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This study solves the relevant problem of selecting an optimal switching and measurement circuit for the problems of reconstruction of the field of change in the conductivity in a biological object. Based on an analysis of publications in the area of construction of the hardware part of the EIT devices, the main types of the systems were identified: sequential, parallel, and mixed. Because of the low cost, sequential architecture became most common. Due to the low level of a useful signal in the study of lung ventilation, the differential measurement circuit, which enables amplification of a d

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Petrovskyi, Mykhailo Vasylovych, Bohdan Ihorovych Nesterenko, Illia Mykolaiovych Diahovchenko, and Viacheslav Olehovych Zhurba. "Digital measurement device for monitoring the main characteristics of the power grid." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 2 (7) (December 20, 2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2023.02.07.

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During the operation of various equipment in electrical grids, there is a deviation from the rated voltage value, as well as continuous changes in current and power consumption. In this case, there is a requirement for regular monitoring of the power grid main parameters, which can be used to make decisions on optimizing the operation of its components. To solve this task, the research analyzed the methods and equipment for measuring the main indicators of the electrical grid, developed a measurement methodology and created a digital measuring system for monitoring the main indicators of a sin

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Schianti, Juliana N., Igor Y. Abe, Marco I. Alayo, and Daniel O. Carvalho. "Real Time Water-In-Oil Emulsion Size Measurement in Optofluidic Channels." Sensors 22, no. 13 (2022): 4999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134999.

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In this work, we investigated a platform for real-time emulsion droplet detection and size measurement in optofluidic platforms. An 8.2 µm core diameter input optical fiber and a multi-mode Gradient Refractive Index (GRIN) output fiber were integrated into an acrylic microfluidic channel platform consisting of three layers. Water-in-oil emulsions were investigated, since relevant applications have emerged in the recent past for these types of emulsions, such as drug encapsulation as well as droplet-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA, among others. The main contribution

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PARK, Jinhong, Jinhyeok CHOI, Sang Hyeok PARK, and Minbaek LEE. "Measurement and Analysis of Triboelectric Surface Charge." Physics and High Technology 30, no. 1/2 (2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.30.002.

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Contact electrification occurs when two isolated objects come into contact. Such a phenomenon led humans to first realization of the existence of electricity. Until now, the main causes of the triboelectric charging phenomenon have generally been thought to be the transfer of electrons, ions, and materials. This article, however, is limited to electron transfer on the surface, which is regarded as a general case not limited to specific situations. The contact between two objects occurs between the two surfaces; therefore, the surface properties of the material under examination are the most im

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Buzdugan, Mircea. "Considerations about the measurement of electromagnetic emissions." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, no. 1 (2023): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.241.

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he main goal of the paper is to present procedures and analysis of the measurement that must be performed and the compulsory results to obtain compliance with conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions. After the introductory section which outlines generalities related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the second section focuses on the dichotomy between near-field and far-field, present in two important zones where electromagnetic phenomena are totally different, which however are not well enough highlighted in the specific EMC standards. The third section is devoted to emission me

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Helexa, Milan, Ján Kováč, and Jozef Krilek. "Testing tyres of mobile forest machines in the soil testing canal." Research in Agricultural Engineering 67, No. 4 (2021): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/76/2020-rae.

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The article focuses on the research of tyre rolling resistances in the soil test channel environment. The specific monitored tyre was a Mitas TS05 10.0/75-15.3 10PR diagonal tyre with an arrow tread. The measurement itself was divided into two stages. In the first stage, measurements of rolling resistance were performed on a solid concrete base of the laboratory in order to determine the internal component of rolling resistance of the tyre. In the second stage, rolling resistances were monitored on forest soil deposited in the main body of the soil channel. The mentioned measurements of rollin

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Komissarov, Alexander V., Maria M. Shlyahova, Maxim A. Altyntsev, and Ekaterina N. Kulik. "CRITERIA FOR PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTION MONITORING OF MAIN PIPELINES." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, no. 4 (2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-4-96-103.

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The purpose of this article is to select and substantiate the criteria for protective construction monitoring of main pipelines. Main pipelines are constantly exposed to influences of external and internal factors. Special protective constructions are being raised to ensure the continuous operation of the pipelines. The main goal of creating protective constructions is to minimize economic losses and preserve the environmental characteristics of the facility. All existing protective constructions can be divided into two large groups: earth work and engineering constructions. Each of these grou

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Velychko, Oleh, and Tetyana Gordiyenko. "The evaluation of the long-term drift of electrical capacitance measurement standards by two methods." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2024.307149.

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Measurements of electrical capacitance are essential in various fields of electrical engineering, electronics and other fields. Capacitance measurements are necessary for correct design of electrical circuits and devices. Such measurements help ensure the stability and reliability of electrical systems such as power supplies, filters, capacitors, etc. In some applications, such as radio transmitters, filters, and other electronic devices, it is needed to maintain certain frequency characteristics. It is critical and appropriate to consider various factors related to the drift of the measuring

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Velychko, Oleh, Valentyn Gaman, and Serhii Kursin. "Calibration features for power meters of high and microwave frequencies." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263724.

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Microwave frequency power measurement is one of the main types of the measurement for measuring instruments and systems in the radio frequency range. Therefore, improving the accuracy of measuring the microwave frequency power requires the establishment of more precise standards, and the development of calibration methods for meters of microwave frequency power is an urgent task. Microwave frequency power standards that are used to calibrate the relevant measuring instruments must ensure high accuracy of the unit size reproduction over a wide measurement and frequency range. The study al

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Rakhmanov, Vitaly, Sergei Kakaulin, Margarita Kashkarova, and Kirill Zubanov. "Measurement of hydrodynamic flow velocity by laser Doppler anemometer with different types of photodetectors." EPJ Web of Conferences 318 (2025): 02008. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202531802008.

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The potential applications of three distinct photodetector types in laser Doppler anemometers for the measurement of hydrodynamic flow pulsations have been investigated. Laser Doppler anemometers with a classical vacuum photomultiplier tube, a multipixel silicon photomultiplier and a photomultiplier based on microchannel plates were used in the experiments. The main criteria for evaluating the quality of the Doppler signal were determined and analyzed for measuring the hydrodynamic flow velocity pulsations. The range of flow pulsations was from 1 to 50 Hz. In all experiments, laser Doppler ane

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Luo, Guoxi, Haoyu Zhang, Delai Liu, et al. "Determination of Main Bearing Dynamic Clearance in a Shield Tunneling Machine Through a Broadband PMUT Array with a Decreased Blind Area and High Accuracy." Sensors 25, no. 13 (2025): 4182. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134182.

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Traditional PMUT ultrasonic ranging systems usually possess a large measurement blind area under the integrated transmit–receive mode, dramatically limiting its distance measurement in confined spaces, such as when determining the clearance of large bearing components. Here, a broadband PMUT rangefinder was designed by integrating six types of different cells with adjacent resonant frequencies into an array. Through overlapping and coupling of the bandwidths from the different cells, the proposed PMUTs showed a wide –6 dB fractional bandwidth of 108% in silicon oil. Due to the broadening of ba

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Zu, Xiaoyi, Zhixian Li, Chen Gao, and Yi Wang. "Interpretation of Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Community Green Spaces Based on Service Efficiency and Distribution Characteristics: A Case Study of the Main Urban Area of Beijing, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 12 (2022): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120610.

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Urban-scale green spaces have been a central topic as of late, but community-scale green spaces are overlooked in urban studies. This paper takes community green spaces in the main urban area of Beijing as the case to quantitatively interpret the spatial-temporal patterns of their service efficiency and distribution characteristics. The measurement section of the paper includes two parts: the first part compares the applicability of two major green space service efficiency measurement methods on the community scale and determines that the Shortest Time Distance method performs better in descri

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Kim, Dong-Geon, Hyun-Guk Kim, Dong-Yeon Kim, Ryoon-Ho Do, Kyung-Rae Koo, and Young-Joon Yu. "Development of a Deployable Reflector Antenna for the Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite, Part 2: Manufacturing and Qualification of the Main Reflector Using a Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Structure." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11273. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311273.

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A deployable reflector antenna (DR-A) is a structure that can be stored in a large-diameter Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna and be mounted onto a launch vehicle. Considering the performance of the launch vehicle, it is necessary to develop a lightweight, high-performance antenna structure. The solid-type deployable reflector antenna is composed of a number of unit main reflectors. To reduce the weight of the antenna, a lightweight main reflector must be developed. In this paper, following “Development of Deployable Reflector Antenna for the SAR Satellite (Part 1)”, the manufacturing and

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