Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maintien de la langue'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Maintien de la langue.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Et-Taoufiq, Abbes. "Enseignement de la langue arabe, et maintien de la langue et de la culture d'origine dans l'immigration maghrébine en France." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100054.
Full textOne on the purposes of this study is to determine the cultural and linguistic self-maintenance efforts of the maugrabin minority in France, through the instruction of Arabic language and the maintenance of the mother tongue indoors. The data analysed (questionnaire) for our purposes which included 281 maugrabin immigrants' childs, living in Paris and suburbs, studing in the arabic schools. These schools offer fewer hours of instruction. Their pupils attend French public schools. These programmes are sponsored by the Maghreb countries and the groups of maugrabin workers. Our investigations show that the motivations of learning arabic language is bases on communication and identity, but not on education or profession. By and large, the linguistic behaviour of the immigrants' childs is marked with an "unbalanced bilingualism". The mother tongue have an effective and symbolic function, while the second language have an instrumental and utilitarian function, then is became the first language for the immigrants' childs
Gobet-Jacob, Stéphanie. "Description des procédés linguistiques référentiels dans des narrations enfantines en Langue des Signes Française : maintien et réintroduction des actants." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA084228.
Full textThis thesis has for objective to describe what are the processes linguistics to mark the reference in French language of the signs. So, we wish to validate the theory of Christian Cuxac's iconicity according to which the iconicity is considered as organizing principle. For this work, we led a study with children having the LSF for main language. Each of them produced a story in LSF inferred by a cartoon. We were able, so, to describe which linguistic structures were privileged for the reference according to the age. This study shows a development of the narrative capacity of the similar deaf children to that of the hearing children: the complex forms are late acquired. The structures of big iconicity display according to the age of the narrators: to maintain and reintroduce the characters in position of actant, the forms vary according to the age of the subjects. The structures of big iconicity are more frequent in the narratives of the older subjects while the youngest children prefer to use the signs. These last ones also tend to juxtapose the actions without clarifying the “chronologico-causal” links. Also, they focus on the central figure while the older children take into account both characters. This work also advances the problem of the fork of aims at the deaf children. The development of the conceptualization of the world which surrounds him is perceptible in the realization of the produced gestures and echoes in the choice of the linguistic processes
Lionet, Cathy. "Le maintien de la langue espagnole en Californie : les politiques scolaires et le bilinguisme dans la San Joaquin Valley et à San Jose, Comté de Santa Clara." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040224.
Full textNowadays, social bilingualism is growing in the United States, and more in some states like California. But linguistic policies, school policies for example, are really hostiles to bilingualism. Bilingual ed programs, in part suppressed since proposition 227 approval in 1998, can’t by themselves explain intergenerational Spanish language maintenance in California. Migratory flows, the presence of Spanish speaking medias contribute to it, and also others sociohistoric, sociocultural, socioeconomic factors. This factors may contribute to explain Spanish language maintenance in the country, an indigenous language in the southwest, and more particularly the intergenerational maintenance of Spanish language since a relatively important percentage of the third generation is still bilingual
Marchand, Anne-Sophie. "La vitalité ethnolinguistique de la minorité franco-manitobaine (Canada) : facteurs de maintien et facteurs de régression linguistiques." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA1006.
Full textEl, Khoury Marie. "Le rôle de l’enseignement du français dans la constitution et le maintien des élites au Liban." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0001.
Full textAs being a member country of the Francophone International Organization, Lebanon comes first in using French Language in Middle East. This particular position that France has in Lebanon is interpreted by the existence of the Christian political and social elite authentically native as Francophone. This elite has forged during many centuries privilege relations with France. Thus, French Language, the vector of the occidental civilization in the country of cedars, linked to the Lebanese history and traditions, is involved in the complexity of the Lebanese political and social fabric and the confessional mosaic. Attached at first to the Christian community, French Language is an essential compound of the multicultural identity of Lebanon. This study aims to display the relationship with the French Language in this country known by its internal tension between orient and Occident that makes the feature of the Lebanese Identity. It shows how French Language may be a marker of constitution and maintenance of the social and cultural Elites specifically at the Christian Maronite community in Lebanon and more specifically in North Lebanon the field of this study. It questions the situation of this language in the current context of Lebanon, where the Christians face a demographic decrease and a reduction of their representativeness and political influence, where the Anglophone dominates the world linguistic scene and where the majority of the extremist and radical Islam movements defending the Arab Language are intensified in Middle East
Mora, Gérôme. "Les mécanismes de maintien de l'information verbale en mémoire de travail." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648225.
Full textShang, Wei. "Un système et un langage pour le traitement d'inférences non monotone." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD299.
Full textIn this thesis a non-monotonic inference system is presented, its purpose is to represent revisable knowledge and perform corresponding reasoning. A study of different research strategies of the solution space is presented, it is shown, through the exemples, that the recording of the inference dependencies can considerably optimize the research in the solution space. Then we describe un belief revision system: AS of J. De Kleer. It is a dependency based one, and is used as m inference unit in our system. Several non-standard logics are also presented, we pay pie1mly attention to R. Reiter's default logic, for which a restrained version (normal defaults) is realized. ANMIL is the inference Ianguage of this system, it is described in detail. The language is a predicate based one, the non-monotony resides in the default and the assumed rules. Its inference environment is the mufti-contexts one, the assumptions me automatically managed. We also explain the principal commands and give the syntax of ANMIL. ANMIS is the inference system. Its concepts are presented. Two sub-systems can be distinguished : an inference engine and a belief revision manager. This kind of architecture, in our opinion, is the best one for performing non-monotonic inference. The different inference strategies are employed according to the type of rides. The techniques and difficulties of the implementation of the system are discussed
Serreli, Valentina. "Society, languages and ideologies in the oasis of Siwa (Egypt) : listening to people's voices." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3010.
Full textThe present thesis proposes a linguistic ethnography of the oasis of Siwa, an Amazigh enclave situated in the Western Egyptian desert. De facto independent for centuries, it is only during the 20th century that this area started undergoing processes of modernization and Arabization with a consequent inclusion in the national (Egyptian) and the international (Amazigh) arenas. Although representing an interesting field for sociolinguistic research, this subject has not attracted scholarly attention so far and this work is a first attempt to fill that gap.This research has a multidisciplinary approach built on sociolinguistic and linguistic anthropological theories. It falls into the field of language attitudes and ideologies’ studies, and it developed a combined method including ethnographic interviewing and participant observation. The thesis presents the dynamics of language use within the oasis from an insider perspective and discusses the mechanisms and the ideologies underlying both speakers’ practices and attitudes, arguing that the emerging differentiation of linguistic practices is related to the attitudinal variation across specific social categories, which adhere to different ideologies. The study portrays a multiform community in a phase of socio-economic transition and sociolinguistic change in progress
Rosés, Labrada Jorge Emilio. "The Mako language : vitality, Grammar and Classification." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20026.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the documentation and description of Mako, an indigenous language spoken in the Venezuelan Amazon by about 1000 people and for which the only available published material at the start of the project were 38 words. The main goals of the project were to create a collection of annotated ethnographic texts and a grammar that could serve as a starting point for both language maintenance in the community and for further linguistic research. Additionally, the project sought to assess the language’s vitality in the communities where it is spoken and to understand the relationship of Mako to the two other extant Sáliban languages, namely Piaroa and Sáliba.This research has thus led to an assessment of language vitality in the Mako communities of the Ventuari River, a comprehensive description of the Mako language—heretofore undescribed—, and an evaluation of the genetic relationship between the three Sáliban languages. The description of the language covers a wide range of topics in areas such as phonetics and phonology, nominal and verbal morphology, and syntax of both simple and complex sentences. Discourse-level morphology and discourse-organization strategies are also covered. Aside from facilitating the study of other members of the Sáliban family and reconstruction of the common ancestral language, the description of Mako also contributes to the typology of Amazonian languages and to our understanding of the pre-history of this area of the Orinoco basin. The products of this project also have the potential to be mobilized in language literacy efforts in the Mako communities
Farenc, Isabelle. "Le Maintien de l'équilibre postural." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS017.
Full textThe aim of this research is to look at postural control from the effects of morphology and training (visual feedback and shooting). The thin subjects present larger movements of their centre of gravity and different postural synergies to those of corpulent individuals. Women have smaller amplitudes of oscillation than men. Some studies on visual feedback of the centre of pressure (VBF) has led to the discovery of some of the potential until not exploited. The increase of the representation scale of the trajectory generates a decrease of CG movements by improving the coorective processes. The last research topic on the efects of training reveals that postural behaviours present different characteristics depending on the acquired skills, the latter resulting from either a long training period (shooting), or from a VBF experimental protocol
Vézina, Danielle. "Développement et maintien de l'obsession compulsion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26292.pdf.
Full textEspesson-Vergeat, Béatrice. "Le maintien du contrôle des sociétés commerciales." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33022.
Full textThe control of any capitalistic venture results from the holding of the capital thereof, i. E. From the ownership of the means of production as far as an individual business is concerned or from the control of the equity capital as far as a corporation, which is an independant legal entity, is concerned. When the ownership interests held in a corporation are not sufficient to confer or to keep control thereover, several other legal means can be contemplated in order to keep the control without holding a major ownership interest or to got financing without granting power to third parties. The maintaining of control over a corporation, based upon the separation between capital and power, can be performed through the use of proper securities, of specific contractual provisions between the shareholders or else through the choice of adapted legal structures
Selimbegovic, Leila. "Maintien de soi positif et rappel autobiographique." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H060.
Full textFirst, it is shown that self-enhancement facilitates recall of general autobiographical memories related to desirable attributes, and that self-protection facilitates recall of specific memories related to undesirable attributes. When recall of specific memories is imposed, self-enhancement facilitates access to memories related to desirable attributes, compared to self-protection. Second, it is shown that autobiographical recall of general memories of success increases performance compared to autobiographical recall of general memories of failure. In contrast, specific memories have no influence on performance. Finally, we show that in certain conditions, autobiographical recall can be inconsistent with a positive self-view. Thus, when stereotypes are applicable to the situation, individuals can recall memories of negative, rather than positive experiences. This can in turn impair performance
Ducroquetz, Florence. "L'Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579597.
Full textDucroquetz, Florence. "L’Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20008/document.
Full textSince 2001, the EU has conducted more than twenty military operations and civilian missions, and is now seen as one of the leading organizations in the field of peacekeeping. For a long time perceived as an intergovernmental organization, the establishment of an integrated structure for crisis management into the heart of the organization, as well as the delegation of this crisis management to the different European organs, have contributed to the gradual empowerment of the EU toward its member states. This process of becoming autonomous is also evident in the international legal order. A large set of rules thus applies to the EU due to its involvement in the international legal order, including rules relating to the international responsibility for regional organizations. The effective intervention of the European Union in the field of peacekeeping – as a regional organization– is in keeping with an unclear legal framework. However, the phenomen on of regionalization could have been interpreted as prejudicing the collective security system established by the UN Charter.Two aspects of the effective intervention of the European Union call for analysis : the conformity of its action to the UN framework and its contribution to the evolution of peacekeeping
Menouni, Rachid. "Maintien des prophages dans les génomes d' entérobactéries." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4008.
Full textBacteriophages are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. A majority of them are temperate phages that are able to integrate their genome into the host and replicate passively in a lysogenic state. Hosts frequently benefit from such massive gene acquisition through lysogenic conversion. As prophages may be beneficial to their hosts, we hypothesize that hosts adapted strategies for maintaining that gene source. Since prophages integrate into and excise from the host chromosome through site-specific recombination (SSR), we investigated whether regulation of SSR at the level of gene expression could be involved in the maintenance process. Our results suggest that lysogeny maintenance of a class of prophages, which all share a same unusual genetic organization, are controlled by the transcription termination factor Rho. Rho is not only involved in horizontally acquired gene silencing but also in prophage maintenance, which can be seen as an adaptation of the host to maintain prophage genes. For these prophages, whether defective or functional, their induction by the inactivation of Rho, involves a new pathway of lysogeny escape, which is independent of the classical pathway via the SOS response. This newly characterized interaction reflects the coevolution of host and viruses, which allows the acquisition of genes, and thus new properties, via horizontal transfer, while controlling the expression of deleterious genes
Bertrand, Raphaëlle. "Maintien à court terme de l'information chez l'enfant de 2 à 6 ans : oubli temporel et aide au maintien du but." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL023/document.
Full textWorking memory is an essential component of thought that is highly involved in learning and academic achievement. However, it is rarely studied in preschoolers, mainly because of a lack of suitable paradigms. Therefore, this thesis investigated the functioning of working memory in children between 2 and 6 years. For this purpose, two original paradigms were used. They were designed to be close to game situations which should help young children to focus their attention on the task. Firstly it was shown that the recall performance decreased over time, even in the absence of an interfering task. Children of this age therefore use a passive maintenance, i.e. without spontaneously implementing any strategy of maintenance. Furthermore, the decline of the information was similar through age. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that the rate of information forgetting did not vary between 2 and 6. Finally, none of these two factors, i.e. implementation of a strategy of maintenance and change in the speed of forgetting can explain the increase in memory capacity between 2 and 6 years of age. Secondly, it has been shown that the intrinsic characteristics of the task could lead to improved recall performance, perhaps by inducing a strategy of maintenance. Particularly, the implementation of a motor activity, i.e. walking during the retention period, has enabled these young children to counteract to some extent the temporal decay of information. Then, the implementation of a motor activity, by directing the attention of young children to a visual cue related to the goal of the task, help them to maintain in memory the purpose of the task. Attentional resources could be harnessed to improve performance of recall, perhaps by implementing a retention strategy
Braconnier, Jean-Baptiste. "Maintien de l'intégrité de robots mobiles en milieux naturels." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22667/document.
Full textThis thesis focused on the issue of the preseving of the integrity of mobile robots in off-road conditions. The objective is to provide control laws to guarantee the integrity of a vehicle during autonomous displacements in natural environments at high speed (5 to 7 m.s -1 ) and more particularly in The framework of precision farming. Integrity is here understood in the broad sense. Indeed, control of the movements of a mobile robot can generate orders that affect its physical integrity, or restrains the achievement of its task (rollover, spin, control stability, maintaining accuracy , etc.). Moreover, displacement in natural environments leads to problems linked in particular to relatively variable and relatively low adhesion conditions (especially since the speed of the vehicle is high), which results in strong sliding of wheels on the ground, or to ground geometries that can not be crossed by the robot. This thesis aims to determine in real time the stability space in terms of permissible controls allowing to moderate the actions of the robot. After a presentation of the existing modelings and observers that allow the use of these modelizations for the implementation of predictive control law for trajectory tracking, a new method of estimation of side-slip angles based on a kinematic observation is proposed. It permit to address the problem of variable speed of the vehicle (and in particular the case of zero values) and also to allow the observation during a displacement without reference trajectory. This new observer is essential for the further development of this thesis, since the rest of the work is concerned with the modulation of the speed of the vehicle. So, in the further work, two predictive control laws acting on the speed of the vehicle have been set up. The first one provides a solution to the problem of the saturation of steering actuators, when the speed or side-slip angles make the trajectory inadmissible to follow with respect to the physical capacities of the vehicle. The second one adress the problem of guaranteeing the accuracy of trajectory tracking (keeping the vehicle in a corridor of displacement). In both cases, the control strategy is similar: the future state of the vehicle is predicted according to the current conditions of evolution and the simulated one for the future evolution (obtained by simulating the evolution of dynamics models of the vehicle) in order to determine the value of the optimum speed so that the target variables (in one case the value of the steering and in the other the lateral deviation from the trajectory) comply with the imposed conditions (not exceeding a target value). The results presented in this thesis were realized either in simulations or in real conditions on robotic platforms. It follows that the proposed algorithms make it possible : in one case to reduce the speed of the vehicle in order to avoid the saturation of the steering actuator and therefore the resulting over and under steering phenomena and thus make it possible to preserve the vehicle’s controllability. And in the other case, to ensure that the lateral deviation from the trajectory remains below a target value
Pailler, Thierry. "L'hétérostylie dans l'archipel des Mascareignes : présence, maintien et évolution." La Réunion, 1997. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/97_04_Pailler.pdf.
Full textNORMAND, CLAIRE. "Hepatocytes immobilises : preparation, conservation et maintien de fonctions differenciees." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10168.
Full textSall, Abdoul Aziz. "Les opérations de maintien de la paix : : exemple africain." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1168.
Full textGuillot, Charlene. "Etude du maintien de l'adhérence dans les tissus prolifératifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4029.
Full textTissue homeostasis relies on the tight regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Epithelial tissues are robust tissues that support the structure of developing embryos and adult organs and are effective barriers that physically protect the organism against pathogens. In my thesis, I have first described the molecular mechanisms responsible for maintaining tissue integrity during epithelial cell division. I have then abrogated this integrity by inducing mosaic clones within tissues to understand how tissue cohesion is maintained. This work shows how the continuity of adhesive properties is ensured during cell division. It also reveals new key elements that result in loss of adhesion in tissues and thus may be responsible for the progession from solid cancer to metastasis
Lamarche, Lucie. "Validation d'un instrument visant à évaluer le maintien professionnel." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/925.
Full textLapierre, Jimmy. "Amélioration de codecs audio standardisés avec maintien de l'interopérabilité." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8816.
Full textAbstract : Digital audio applications have grown exponentially during the last decades, in good part because of the establishment of international standards. However, imposing such norms necessarily introduces hurdles that can impede the improvement of technologies that have already been deployed, potentially leading to a proliferation of new standards. This thesis shows that existent coders can be better exploited by improving their quality or their bitrate, even within the rigid constraints posed by established standards. Three aspects are studied, being the enhancement of the encoder, the decoder and the bit stream. In every case, the compatibility with the other elements of the existent coder is maintained. Thus, it is shown that the audio signal can be improved at the decoder without transmitting new information, that an encoder can produce an improved signal without modifying its decoder, and that a bit stream can be optimized for a new application. In particular, this thesis shows that even a standard like G.711, which has been deployed for decades, has the potential to be significantly improved after the fact. This contribution has even served as the core for a new standard embedded coder that had to maintain that compatibility. It is also shown that the subjective and objective audio quality of the AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) decoder can be improved, without adding any extra information from the encoder, by better exploiting the knowledge of the coder model’s limitations. Finally, it is shown that the fixed rate bit stream of the AMR-WB+ (Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband) can be compressed more efficiently when considering a variable bit rate scenario, showing the need to adapt a coder to its use case.
Burns, Rachel Dauer. "Signing to Maintain Joint Attention with Children with Down Syndrome." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1974.
Full textRheault, Héloïse. "Contribution des vieilles pessières noires au maintien de la biodiversité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24173/24173.pdf.
Full textBouju, Caroline Dupas-Merlivat Dominique. "Maintien dans l'emploi des salariés atteints de sclérose en plaques." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=55486.
Full textMarceau, Jean-François. "Propriété de maintien des facteurs communs dans le cas An." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9712.
Full textLoussouarn, Thomas. "Maîtrise de la thermique des fours de maintien en fonderie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0105.
Full textVacuum holding induction furnaces are used for the manufacturing of turbine blades by loss wax foundry process. Heat transfer control in a holding furnace is crucial to ensure the quality of manufacturing. This work has 3 major parts, which are the detailed modelling, reduced modelling and experiments. An axyisymmetric furnace and its load have been numerically modelled using FlexPDE and COMSOL Multiphysics, finite element codes. Modelling takes as inputs the electric power consumed by inductors and gives the temperature field in the heating module. The studied reduced models are phyisical convolutive models (enthalpic (0D), 1 dimension analytical (1D)) and parametric like AutoRegressive with eXogeneous inputs (ARX). ARX models have been compared to convolutive models (identification, validation). The goal is to get temperatures in the heating module without local presence of physical sensors (virtual sensor). Detailed and reduced models have been compared to experiments on the furnace. This last part is not described in this document
Fior, Sylviane. "L'institution du maintien de la vieillesse à domicile : l'exemple parisien." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010642.
Full textBoury-Brisset, Anne-Claire. "Maintien de vérité dans un système à architecture de blackboard." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10020.
Full textDupont, Bernard. "L’ Etat et les casinos : imperturbable maintien du statu quo." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0841.
Full textDepadt-Sebag, Valérie. "La justification du maintien de l'article 1386 du code civil." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05D001.
Full textMOTTOT, VERONIQUE. "Le maintien de l'autonomie des personnes agees : les gestes adaptes." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOM102.
Full textDEL, BIANCO MANUELA. "Le sevrage de l'alcoolique et son maintien : role du medicament." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15022.
Full textTraoré, Massiré. "Maintien de la masse musculaire et vieillissement : rôle de Cavβ1." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7046.
Full textSkeletal muscle atrophy caused by disuse, nerve damage or other diseases are characterized by an increased protein breakdown leading to the progressive loss of muscle mass and function. However, it has been shown that skeletal muscle is able to activate a compensatory response in order to limit excessive muscle wasting. These compensatory mechanisms are still poorly described and the factors involved are not fully understood. To date, an important component of the compensatory response has been identified in mice : GDF5 (Growth Differenciation Factor 5), a member of the BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) family, playing a critical role in muscle maintenance after a nerve damage. However, the first trigger of this molecular response remains unknown. We have hypothesized that this player could be a protein sensitive to electrical activity in skeletal muscle. We therefore focused our study on Cavβ1 protein, a regulatory subunit of the DHPR, a calcium channel described as essential in excitationcontraction coupling in skeletal muscle. Our study revealed the existence of a novel embryonic isoform of Cavβ1 (Cavβ1-E) in adult skeletal muscle, which expression increases after denervation. We discovered that Cavβ1-E stimulates GDF5 gene expression in skeletal muscle to counteract atrophy induced by nerve damage. Since we demonstrated that Cavβ1-E plays a key role in muscle maintenance, we studied its function during age-related muscle wasting. We observed that aged mouse muscle expresses lower quantity of Cavβ1-E and displays an altered Cavβ1-E/GDF5-dependent response to denervation compared to young muscle. These evidences suggested the involvement of this axis in skeletal muscle mass and function decline during ageing. Indeed, we found that overexpression of Cavβ1-E or GDF5 counteracts muscle mass loss and prevents the decrease of force generation in aged muscles. We also identified the human analogous of Cavβ1-E (hCavβ1-E) and our data showed a positive correlation between hCavβ1-E expression in human muscle and subject’s lean mass. These results suggest that strategies targeting Cavβ1-E or GDF5 could contribute to prevent agerelated skeletal muscle wasting
Corj-Dandine, Doina. "L'apport des juridictions pénales internationales au maintien de la paix." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0304.
Full textThe experience of the international criminal courts has shown that it is possible to reconcile peace and justice, even if they are sometimes in competition. Indeed, it happens that the warring parties agree to a peace settlement by an amnesty, which limits the implementation of justice. However, justice constitutes an indispensable part of the process of national reconciliation. Indeed, the international criminal courts have contributed to the peace restoration and conflict resolution by accelerating the process of national reconciliation, by punishing the responsible for international crimes with immunities or not, as well as by providing comfort and reparations to the victims in order to give them the opportunity to rebuild. Their contribution is even more valuable in the situation where the UN system still suffers from shortcomings, its activity of peacekeeping being repeatedly criticized for its inability to resolve the conflicts in a sustainable manner. The revelation of the truth has become the guiding principle of conflict resolution such as in the case of criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone and especially performed by the International Criminal Court, facts which allow to consider that the role of international criminal courts will be strengthened in the processes of peace building and peacekeeping
Asfour, Sarah. "Récupération d'énergie dans les chaussées pour leur maintien hors gel." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22768/document.
Full textWinter maintenance operations for road networks are an important issue for maintaining the mobility in degraded situations, but generate high direct and indirect exploitation costs, particularly related to the intensive use of road de-icing and environmental impact. We study a road structure free of this penalty, thanks to a bonding drainage asphalt layer, circulated by a hot fluid, to prevent the deposition of snow or ice formation on the road surface. As part of an integrated vision of promoting the use of renewable energy, such device could be used to recuperate the thermal energy available in the road surface during the hot period, to transport it to a storage location (e.g. geothermal) and use it during cold period. We study here the heat exchanger function between the fluid and the road, the external storage function to the road being not addressed. The considered pavement structure has three asphalt layers.The bearing layer and the base layer are formed of conventional materials with hydrocarbon-based binders. The material of the bonding layer has a porosity of 20% and based on the use of a binder resistant to a prolonged circulation of the coolant. The road structure is assumed to have a slope of about 2 to 3%. An instrumented experimental road is implemented to collect data on the thermo-hydraulic response of the pavement structure. A thermo-hydraulic 2D model is designed to simulate the temperature field in the road structure when the fluid is injected at the upslope side of the road with a target temperature. This model is calibrated from experimental data collected on the experimental road subjected to meteorological solicitations. Initially, the sensibility of the distribution of the surface temperature of the road toward various model parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transversal slope, thermal conductivities, heat capacities) is analysed, in order to study the optimization of control procedures allowing to keep positive the road surface temperature at any point (e.g. determination of the minimum fluid injection temperature, under given meteorological data). In a second time, pavement thermal parameters is identified using control optimal method in order to validated unidimensionnel thermal model applied on July experimental data. In third time, hydraulic model is validated experimentaly using a laboratory mockup in saturated and unsaturated conditions. In a fourth time, thermo-hydraulic bidimensionnal model is validated numerically using mesured data of experimental pavement. Finally, harvest energy in summer period using thermal reglementation RT2012 data and heating energy in winter period using RT2012 and Massif Interdepartmental Road Direction (DIR MC) are calculated in order to evaluate system performance
Keddar, Ismaël. "Maintien de l'ornementation mutuelle chez le manchot royal (Aptenodytes patagonicus)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20253/document.
Full textDarwin devised sexual selection theory in order to explain the evolution and maintenance of secondary sexual traits. In mutually ornamented species, however, the broader theoretical framework of social selection is needed. In many cases indeed, understanding the maintenance of mutual ornamentation requires to take into account competition for both sexual (i.e. mates) and non-sexual resources (e.g. food, nest sites). How mutual ornaments maintain and evolve is actually not well understood in seabirds species. The aim of the research program within which this Ph.D. thesis took place was to understand the maintenance of mutual ornamentation in king penguin, a bird exhibiting a ultraviolet and orange beak spot on each side of the mandible, two yellow auricular patches, and a patch on the breast that grade from brown to bright yellow. We studied (i) same-sex fight over mates; (ii) mate choice for color ornaments; (iii) the relationships between conspicuousness of ornaments and position of the territory within the colony; and finally (iv) the existence of inter-annual variations in color ornaments expression and mate choice process. Our results show that: (i) same-sex fights over mates are highly male-biased; (ii) color of the beak spots may be involved in mutual mate choice; (iii) central individuals exhibit larger auricular patches and more colorful breast patch; (iv) ornament conspicuousness as well as mate choice show inter-annual changes. Taken together, these results reveal that maintenance of king penguin mutual ornaments is multifactorial, and some research avenues are suggested for future researches
Larrivée, Michel. "Protection et maintien des extrémités des chromosomes de Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4226.
Full textMandeville, Anne. "Les autorités responsables du maintien de l'ordre public dans le Royaume-Uni. Eléments pour une analyse politique du système britannique de maintien de l'ordre public." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137561.
Full textLe cas du système de maintien de l'ordre du Royaume-Uni est ici analysé à l'aide d'une démarche à la fois socio-historique et politique d'identification de ces autorités responsables ainsi que de leur champs d'action.
La recherche des racines permet de répérer l'existence de fondements anciens et contradictoires des structures d'autorités, à la fois résultantes et expressions d'une tension historique majeure dans le système politique britannique, la tension centre-localités. En effet, si l'examen de l'évolution historique du système de maintien de l'ordre permet de confirmer un caractère, que l'on reconnaît comme fondamental, du "modèle" politique britannique, à savoir l'existence extrèmement ancienne de fortes structures de "gouvernement local", il amène aussi à constater une réalité moins connue, celle de ce que nous avons appelé le "modèle centraliste", c'est-à-dire l'ancienneté du poids important du centre, ou plutôt des centres, sur le plan décisionnel.
On peut dire ainsi à notre avis qu'aujourd'hui comme hier, dans le domaine des opérations et de la politique publique du maintien de l'ordre britanniques, la structuration du champ d'exercice des autorités est dominée par des tensions fondamentales, qui sont à peu près les mêmes ou en tout cas les héritières des tensions dégagées tout au long de l'études des racines.
Ces tensions constantes se manifestent par des rapports de force et des rapports "d'influence", c'est-à-dire des rapports de négociation, mais aussi d'affrontements et de domination, directs ou indirects, entre les différentes autorités responsables du maintien de l'ordre public, c'est-à-dire les décideurs responsables de la direction des opérations, ainsi que de la politique publique du maintien de l'ordre.
Mandeville-Briot, Anne. "Les autorités responsables du maintien de l'ordre public dans le Royaume-Uni : éléments pour une analyse politique du système britannique de maintien de l'ordre public." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/712/.
Full textThis work tries to demonstrate through a case-study, the United Kingdom that the study of the authorities in charge of maintaining public order in a state helps to reveal the great divides and the fundamental characters of its political system. The case of the United Kingdom has been approached here through a socio-historical and a political science analysis, in order to identify the principles that govern, over a long period, the structures, characters and fields of action of the authorities responsible for public order in the United Kingdom. The search for the historical roots has enable us to identify the fundamental structures of authority, which are both ancient and contradictory in the sense that they are the result, but also the reflection of a major tension within the British political system, that existing between the "local" and the "central" levels. Indeed, not only does the historical approach helps confirm the persistence of very ancient structures of local government, widely acknowledged as a fundamental feature of the "British model", but it also reveals as well the less well known tradition of a "central model" in the political decision-making process. It can be maintained, in our opinion that today as well as in the past, in the field of public order operations and policies, the decision-making process is structured by the same major tensions. These tensions express themselves through power relationships and influences, i. E. In terms of direct or indirect negotiation, conflict, and domination
Mgbeoji, Ikechi. "Collective insecurity : the Liberian crisis, unilateralism, and global order /." Vancouver (B.C.) : UBC Press, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39236864g.
Full textGagnon, Lise. "Évocation musicale des émotions, bases perceptives et maintien après atteinte cérébrale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0018/NQ43484.pdf.
Full textDiri, Driss. "Élaboration d'un système de maintien de vérité : une approche orientée objet." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26049/26049.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this master’s degree dissertation is to propose an object oriented approach for the design of negated non-monotonic justifications-based truth maintenance systems (NNMJTMS). A truth maintenance system (TMS) is a module assisting knowledge-based systems to conduct belief revision. There are three main types of TMS: justification-based, logical-based and assumption-based. All of these systems use network structures to register instances of a set of production rules according to a list-oriented paradigm. We propose in our work to adopt an object-oriented approach for the design of a TMS. We went through the following steps: review of existing TMS, modeling a TMS at the knowledge level, design and implementation using patterns and testing. To test the TMS in conjunction with a client system, two examples borrowed from scientific literature indicate that our system offers functionalities equivalent to those of the TMS found in the literature. In the first example, we validate some textbook cases. And in the second one, we test the load capacity of the TMS system while assisting a tiny search engine.
Tanguy, Jean-François. "Le Maintien de l'ordre public en Ille-et-Vilaine, 1870-1914." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601478n.
Full textBoustani, Katia. "Guerre civile et maintien de la paix le cas du Liban /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612237z.
Full textOlivier, Margaux. "Rôle des protéines de la recombinaison dans le maintien des télomères." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC038/document.
Full textTelomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that ensure the integrity of the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. They are composed of a particular DNA sequence, associated with specific proteins and are maintained by telomerase. Their function is to prevent the progressive shortening of chromosome due to replication and to protect chromosome ends from recognition by cellular double-strand break repair proteins. Double-strand break repair involves two general mechanisms: non-homologous recombination and homologous recombination. Activation of these recombination pathways in response to unprotected telomeres is a cell survival mechanism, which frequently leads to genomic instability.We tested the involvement of non-homologous recombination pathways in fusions of unprotected telomeres by inactivation of each of these pathways. The generation of a triple KO mutant without non-homologous recombination restores the normal growth and development of the plants with deprotected telomeres. These results show a competition between non-homologous recombination pathways and telomerase in the absence of telomeric protection.Study of GEN1 homologues – involved in the resolution of branched DNA structures during homologous recombination – permitted identification of the functional GEN1 homologue of Arabidopsis and the demonstration of a telomeric role of this protein. Indeed, this nuclease proves to be essential to the stability of the telomeres by promoting their replication.Inhibition of homologous recombination in absence of telomerase leads to the early and significant appearance of chromosomal instability. Induction of replicative stress exacerbates this telomere instability, indicating that homologous recombination facilitates telomere replication in the absence of telomerase. Our data indicate that telomerase also contributes to correct replication of telomeres. Unexpectedly, the positive role of the homologous recombination in telomere stability is dependent on the RTEL1 helicase
Saidani, Abdelouahab. "Réforme des opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0967.
Full textThe operations of peacekeeping challenges facing multidisciplinary. Indeed, the absence of a clear definition of the concept of peacekeeping poses various problems which are the main structural legal. Besides this constraint, other hurdles in the development of a doctrine of international peacekeeping. This is particularly the composition of the Security Council and modes of decision making within it as well as difficulties in initiating and implementing peacekeeping operations. In addition to deficiencies in the To remedy the ills and constraints faced by peacekeeping operations, there is an urgent need for a new definition of peacekeeping, improving the working methods of the Security Council to ensure the transparency of its methods working to increase the powers of the General Assembly in the maintenance of peace and security. Similarly, it is important to consider the reform of the Secretariat-General, DPKO and the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to extend their skills in the field of peacekeeping. It should also establish a standing force of peacekeepers to strengthen funding for peacekeeping operations through the reform of the Reserve Fund and use other sources as well as the contribution to the international financial institutions. Finally, improving the socio-professional status of troops to maintain peace and adopting a new strategy for recruitment for keeping the peace, areof particular importance. Keywords: operations, peacekeeping, peacekeepers, Agenda for Peace, UN Security Council veto, staff peacekeeping
Tanguy, Jean-François. "Le maintien de l'ordre public en Ille-et-Vilaine : 1870-1914." Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20027.
Full text