Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maintien et consolidation de la paix'
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Christmann, Olivia. "La consolidation de la paix en Bosnie-Herzégovine : instruments de paix européens et limites." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010273.
Full textNtumba, Kapita Patrice. "La pratique onusienne des opérations de consolidation de la paix : analyse, bilan et perspectives." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20010/document.
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Maendeleo, Rutakaza Rachel. "L'action internationale dans le maintien, le rétablissement et la consolidation de la paix en République démocratique du Congo de 1998 à 2008." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30001.
Full textIf the explosion of the East/West system marks the end of the idea of global confrontation as model of the war since the end of the second world conflict, we more fundamentally have to wonder about the changes which took place since the 90s as regards the status of the very war and about the role of the peace operations in the international relations. The political crises ensuing from internal conflicts are sources of destabilization and weakening of the local institutions which undergo the tumult and weaken the capacity of the actors to go out of such a political situation. The necessity of strengthening the local capacities during this pivotal period to avoid the recurring crises is translated by the presence of the international community which spreads a multitude of strategies. There is indeed in the grammar of United Nations a continuum in the modes of crises’ management which goes the most reserved forms of the persuasion to certain modalities of coercive diplomacy, implying a use limited by the violence. When we examine the peace operations in RDC, dynamic set tensions and connections, oscillating between order and disorder in its institutional expressions, the report which gets free is that the question of the peace requires an analysis which takes into account several factors. Hence the use of an interdisciplinary approach, involving both critical currents in international relations (critical constructivism) while combining the sociology of international relations. Our study attempts to estimate the relevance and the coherence of the practices and the conducts of the international actors in a better way axiological and ideological outlines of the management of the iterative crises
Tekebeng, Lele Télesphore. "Le système africain de sécurité et les opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA014.
Full textThe demand and/or suggestion of an Africanization of peacekeeping in Africa should lead to the reform of the African security system. This is a normative and institutional reform aimed at giving a new orientation to the operational framework in order to enhancing the continent's contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security. This work has been carried out both at the regional level and at the regional economic community (REC) level, which are an integral part of the African peace and security architecture as built within and around the African Union. The most emblematic is for the AU to have a right of intervention where certain RECs, like ECOWAS, have already taken initiatives to respond to the most diverse crises including the genocide. On the whole, this is a significant step forward in the system thus put in place. However, it is difficult to see a typical African model of peacekeeping operations, as it is true that the two segments, operational organization and deployment, reveal a heteronormativity and a multi-institutional deployment. This is probably due to the fragility of certain state actors, which hampers any effort to build a strong Community security system, which in addition requires measures to (re) build the state, supported by international institutions, Starting with the first - the United Nations
Rayroux, Antoine. "Pratiques et usages de l'Europe dans le maintien de la paix : la coopération franco-irlandaise au Tchad." Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10126.
Full textThis dissertation is about European Union-led military operations and their effects on two issues: processes of Europeanization and the evolution of peacekeeping. For rational choice scholars, Europeanization reflects the preferences of Europe’s main powers, which impose those preferences on other states, especially when it comes to defence policies. On the opposite, constructivists argue that handling international crises collectively results in adaptations and a certain rapprochement of national ways to do things. To sort out this debate, this research puts forward and defends a sociological approach to EU military operations, which is inspired by the practice turn in international relations and usages of Europe in European studies. This approach emphasizes the context of interaction, actors’ social strategies, and the merits of an interpretive method grounded in actors’ experiences. The empirical demonstration rests upon a qualitative and comparative analysis of two most different cases: French and Irish actors during the military operation EUFOR Tchad/RCA, in which they got involved. The research concludes that Europeanization is not a linear and homogenous phenomenon, and that its shape mostly depends on the context and actors under scrutiny. At the political and decisional level (in Brussels), national logics prevail, and each actor tries to take advantage of its opportune resources (material, ideal, symbolic) in order to enforce its national preferences. However, the further one moves away from Brussels (towards the operation’s headquarters or the field), the more military actors – the main actors concerned with EU operations – develop common practices that come on top of their national singularities. The operational context of peacekeeping yields dynamics of socialization and learning, which themselves make common usages of military Europe possible. These usages make up the grounds of a “European” approach to peacekeeping, which is a hybrid combination of existing practices imported from other contexts (national, NATO, UN) and new, EU-specific practices. However, this Europeanization tends to remain mostly at the military’s level. It does not bring about convergence at the formal, political and decisional level, where national dynamics still prevail.
Thèse réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgique)
Loisel, Sébastien. "L'Union européenne et le soutien aux capacités africaines de maintien de la paix: Espaces sectoriels et processus d'institutionnalisation au sein de la politique étrangère européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209136.
Full textL’émergence et l’institutionnalisation de ces pratiques au niveau européen ne peuvent être réduites à une logique fonctionnelle ni au produit de rapports de force interétatiques, institutionnels ou bureaucratiques. Leur compréhension nécessite de prendre en compte la différenciation des espaces sociaux (ou secteurs) qui structurent les jeux d’acteurs au sein de la politique étrangère européenne autour d’enjeux, de règles et de luttes spécifiques (Buchet de Neuilly, 2005a ;Mérand, 2008a). Le soutien de l’UE aux capacités africaines de maintien de la paix apparaît dans cette perspective comme le produit de luttes récurrentes au sein et à l’intersection des secteurs du développement et de la sécurité qui en ont partiellement reconfiguré les représentations dominantes et les règles établies. Ces luttes ont mobilisé des acteurs distincts en réaction à des chocs externes différents ou interprétés différemment selon les secteurs considérés. Elles ont également suscité des résistances spécifiques et abouti à des pratiques sectoriellement différenciées.
Au-delà de leur enjeu manifeste, celui du maintien de la paix en Afrique, l’émergence et l’institutionnalisation de ces pratiques révèlent ainsi certains des jeux sectoriels et intersectoriels qui se déploient au sein de la politique étrangère européenne autour de la définition des modalités légitimes d’usage et de contrôle de ses ressources. Au sein du secteur du développement, ces luttes se sont concentrées sur la légitimité d’utiliser des fonds dédiés à la coopération pour financer des activités de nature militaire. Au sein du secteur de lasécurité, elles ont porté sur l’agrégation au niveau européen de ressources diplomatiques et militaires nationales au détriment de modes d’action bilatéraux et d’arènes de coordination non spécifiquement européennes comme l’OTAN ou l’ONU. A l’intersection de ces deux secteurs enfin, elles se sont cristallisées autour du degré de contrôle des diplomates sur les ressources propres à l’aide au développement ou, en d’autres termes, autour du degré d’autonomie dont bénéficient les acteurs de développement européens vis-à-vis de la PESC/PSDC.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sainovic, Ardijan. "Acteurs locaux et acteurs internationaux dans la construction de l’Etat. : Une approche interactionniste du cas du Kosovo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0765.
Full textHow can international actors build legitimate institutions following intra-state conflict? In other words, what factors determine the outcome of post-conflict statebuilding? On the one hand, the dominant approach, termed "technical", argues that significant resources (financial, human and political) allow international actors to build the required institutions. In Kosovo, international actors have established an international administration with executive powers, extending and sustaining resources throughout process. However, the success of statebuilding generally is mixed. On the other hand, the so-called "liberal peace" paradigm affirms that liberalization (political and economic) is a contributing factor to the limited success of post-conflict operations because it is either misapplied, illegitimate or even dangerous for societies emerging from violent conflicts. The liberal peace approach neglects these facts and ignores variations in international intentions. It is based, as is the technical approach, on an implicit (erroneous) assumption of an asymmetry in power relationships in favor of international actors. The result is that, these approaches fail to acknowledge the possibility of local actors resisting international standards and objectives.To explain variations in the success of statebuilding, we present an alternative theoretical model where a multi-level, sequential approach is modeled to a two-level game. Our thesis is as follows: variations in the statebuilding success are the function of strategic interactions, themselves determined by changes both in preferences and the power relationships between international actors and domestic political elites. Statebuilding is seen here as an interactive process, potentially linking three key actors who dominate any post-conflict political landscape. In unique conditions, no statebuilding process or international reforms need pose a threat to the political power of local elites - power derived from two pillars, i.e. nationalism and informal practices. Rather, international actors mobilise sufficient resources to induce local elites to adopt and implement the desired reforms.However, the preferences of the actors are very rarely aligned. In the case of Kosovo, it has been shown that international statebuilding has been instrumentalized and undermined by divergent and contradictory preferences among key actors. The international actors’ desire was to create a democratic and multinational state, but they opted for stability instead because they had to deal with local political elites - Kosovar-Albanian and Kosovar-Serb. The latter were concerned about maintaining their power over, and domination of, their group over others as well as maintaining leadership within their own group. This has led to a multiplication of authorities and a fragmentation of legitimacy: two distinct political and social systems persist, preventing the development of a cohesive and multinational state. While EU intervention has brought about a game change and helped to calm the situation on the ground, tensions persist, reaffirming the compromise that has taken place
Hamdi, Mehdi. "Les opérations de consolidation de la paix." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474193.
Full textDucroquetz, Florence. "L'Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579597.
Full textDucroquetz, Florence. "L’Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20008/document.
Full textSince 2001, the EU has conducted more than twenty military operations and civilian missions, and is now seen as one of the leading organizations in the field of peacekeeping. For a long time perceived as an intergovernmental organization, the establishment of an integrated structure for crisis management into the heart of the organization, as well as the delegation of this crisis management to the different European organs, have contributed to the gradual empowerment of the EU toward its member states. This process of becoming autonomous is also evident in the international legal order. A large set of rules thus applies to the EU due to its involvement in the international legal order, including rules relating to the international responsibility for regional organizations. The effective intervention of the European Union in the field of peacekeeping – as a regional organization– is in keeping with an unclear legal framework. However, the phenomen on of regionalization could have been interpreted as prejudicing the collective security system established by the UN Charter.Two aspects of the effective intervention of the European Union call for analysis : the conformity of its action to the UN framework and its contribution to the evolution of peacekeeping
Boustani, Katia. "Guerre civile et maintien de la paix le cas du Liban /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612237z.
Full textBoustani, Katia. "Guerre civile et maintien de la paix : le cas du Liban." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010301.
Full textThe external relations of civil wars require that they be qualified as intrastate conflicts comprising internal, regional and international conflicts, with a view of identifying adequate peacekeeping measures. The Lebanese situation represents a typical case of such intrastate conflict, which led to three different peacekeeping operations : Arab deterrent force (ADF), withing the frame of the Arab league, united nations interim force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and multinational force (MNF) as international operations ; however, since each peacekeeping operation was itself linked with the very same conflict, it failed achieving objectives of pacification
Ould, Cheikh El Houssein. "Les Nations Unies et le maintien de la paix en Afrique." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMD002.
Full textAfter fifty years of implementation. Assessing the operations of peacekeeping is mixed. The war remains a common way of State policy. It still rampant in much of the planet with its share of massacres, displacement disintegration of states and institutions. It must be noted that the maintenance of international peace and security in Africa is first a matter of great powers. An operation of peacekeeping was first implemented in the service of great power, that right must wonder if these cases are not intended to consolidate their spheres of influence. The intervention under the guise of the UN, Britain and France in Sierra Leone and Côte d'ivoire door testimony. Given the real function of these interventions what is the role of the United Nations and International Law in the meeting of conditions of peace and security in Afhca? Underpinned by power relations, the United Nations law there still activity necessary to effectively serve the purpose of permanent peace solidarity and development?
Koffi, Kouamé. "La Stabilisation et le maintien de la paix en Afrique de l'Ouest." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614760b.
Full textNzadimana, Me-Christine. "Opérations de maintien de paix et interventions humanitaires en Centrafrique 1990-2015." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2160.
Full textThe Central African Republic (CAR) or Centrafrique, as many black African countries, begins the establishment of a democratic regime in 1990. It organized multi-party elections which the first democratically elected president is Ange Félix Patassé. The cap of the entrance to democratic regime seems past successfully. But the old methods resurface, causing protests. In 1996 bursts a politico-military crisis punctuated by three mutinies, then a succession of putsch. It reached its peaks in 2013-2015 with a conflict between two communities. It is following these events that are made the deployment in 1997, of a peacemilitary force according to the “agreements of Bangui” in 1997: The Inter-African of monitoring the agreements of Bangui (MISAB). It marks the beginning of a series of operations intended to maintain or to restore the peace. It goes along with humanitarian interventions where the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Doctors without borders (MSF) play a major role. This research analyzes these actions from 1990 to 2015. It studies in the first part the role of the African actors in the resolution of this conflict and in the second part the participation of the international actors
Hassan, Walid. "Réforme institutionnelle des Nations Unies et exigences du maintien de la paix." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN20014.
Full textBrining an effective response to the majority of the threats against the peace, which concerns from now on the international community, requires a collective action. It is in this spirit, the UN is regarded as an essential instrument to deliberate and act on these threats. In this spirit, the reform of the United Nations is necessary to permit the Organization to adapt to the evolutions of the world, to learn the lessons from the last experiences (Rwanda, Srebrenica) and to modernize the international action etc. So, it is necessary to reinforce the authority and the legitimacy of the Organization, to make it more effective
Amvane, Gabriel. "Le maintien de la paix en Afrique par l'O.N.U. et l'Union africaine." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0313.
Full textMaintaining international peace and security is the primary purpose of the Charterof the United Nations after the Second World War. By Article 2 § 4, the Charter states "theprinciple of non-threat and non-use of force" and thus aims to put a definitive end to armedconflicts. However, the African continent seems not to max out and illustrates not only by avery large number of armed conflicts but also by the ongoing efforts of the United Nations tokeep the peace. These efforts are supported regionally by the African Union, a regionalorganization established by African States in 2002 to replace the Organization of AfricanUnity. The persistence of armed conflicts on the continent, however, leads to question theeffectiveness of peacekeeping in Africa by the United Nations and the African Union, as wellas the mechanisms established by both organizations to achieve with such effectiveness.Consideration of this issue is discussed considering the two major characteristics ofpeacekeeping, namely the institutional aspect and the material aspect of peacekeeping,considered one and the other in terms of their effectiveness.For the institutional aspect, the study focuses on the organs actually created by the UN andthe African Union for peacekeeping in Africa, the cooperation between these organs, as wellas the support provided by the UN for the capacity-building of the African Union.For the material aspect, it is the specific terms of implementations of peacekeeping that areraised here. This requires a review of the effectiveness of the peacekeeping operations
Koffi, Kouamé. "La Stabilisation et le maintien de la paix en afrique de l'ouest." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL12017.
Full textWest africa which unites 16 states, independent since the 1960's, does not escape - like all the other thirld world countries by the way - from the risks of conflicts and destabilization, likewise, the problem of bein under developed. These west african states are therefore confronted by a certain number of weak points, either internal or external. In the first case, they are both political and economic; political due to our colonial past with it's major inconvenience being the balkanisation of our states and also due to the difficulties our leaders have always had in creating an inter african political regrouping that would be able to channel all the energy available. These political factors are worsened by the economic vulnerability (the lack of capital, the climatic condition, the weatiness in means of communication. . . ) Which inhibits the industrialisation of west africa. As for the sources of external instability, they come on from the position of our region as the 3 rd zone in the struggle for supremacy between the major powers, but also from the proximity of sensitive areas such as the conflicts in the sahara and in tchad, with as a background, a certain expansion of integral islam. There is therefore an obvious need for global stability (political, military, cultural, and especially economics). (. . . )
Nadeau, François M. "Casques bleus et unifolié : le maintien de la paix et l'identité canadienne, 1956-1973." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25688.pdf.
Full textJoram, Frédéric. "Les opérations de paix et l'obligation de respecter le droit international humanitaire." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020069.
Full textAlesandrini, Diana-Maria. "Contribution à l'étude de l'administration internationale au service de la paix : le cas des missions de consolidation de la paix." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1061.
Full textStudy of contemporary international relations shows the increasing involvement of the international community and especially the international organizations in states'internal affairs. On behalf of the need to mitigate the threats to security and to international peace, the shield, which once represented the state sovereignty is gradually cracked and areas reserved to the states wither. Instituted to preserve peace but confronted with new forms of conflict, the United Nations have adapted their actions to protect the population. We first experienced the maintenance of peace missions and then operations to enforce peace have emerged. Finally, peacebuilding has become ubiquitous and the United Nations sometimes opts for the direct administration of territories. The international administration of territory however is not a phenomenon created by the United Nations, since there is an occupation regime. In the wake of these occupations, was established a regime supposed to promote the return of peace. First from states, the administration of territories has evolved. It has gradually institutionalized. There are rules dedicated to the administration of a territory by an authority which does not emanate: it is the law of occupation. It was therefore appropriate in this study to question these rules and consider the possibility of applying them to peacebuilding missions, if they participate in the administration of a territory and have in their power the civilian population. We are more committed to bring a global perspective on the institutionalization of the process, keeping in mind the rules governing the occupation of the territories
Kouna, Louis-Marie. "Les opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU et la condition du militaire." La Réunion, 2002. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/02_21_Kouna.pdf.
Full textThe maiden experience of the institutionnalisation of the "ius ad bellum" legal system under the League of Nations Pact has never been concretised. Regulated rigorously under the auspices of the UN Charter, chapter VII of which organises collective reaction, the "ius ad bellum" within the framework of this second experience has witnessed instabiblity in its fuctioning, running sometimes from the "Charter system" to the "Peacekeeping Operations system" or "Dean Acheson Resolution system". Meanwhile, some cases of implementation of this legal system, more or less in compliance with the Charter, have been noted. During various peacekeeping operations, it confers on the soldier, member of the Peacekeeping Forces, diverse functionnalities. The condition of this particular type of soldier is therefore inherent to the nature of political missions entrusted to him. Called upon to carry out persuasive actions, the condition of this soldier, similarly, depends on the rulesof the nominative corpus of international law that govern the conduct of hostilities as well as the safeguard of victims ; rules deriving not from the Circular letter of 6 august 1999 of the UN Secretary General but mainly from the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their additionnal Protocols, of which we are aware that the violation constitute serious crime which can no longer remain unpunished. Given that the military personnel is at the same time a UN agent as well as a military personnel of the country of belonging, the eventual violation of instruments applicable to armed conflicts shall be reprimanded by their country of departure. That means the condition of the national soldier involved in a peacekeeping operation is first considered within a political framework and is subsequently, [not] without difficulty, given legal consideration
Godefroy, Maxime. "Maintenir la paix, mais laquelle ? : Interdépendances, zones d’action et conjoncture de maintien de la paix dans le secteur de la sécurité collective." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20007/document.
Full textThrough the example of joint peackeeping operations (PKO) between the United Nations and the European union in Chad and Central african Republic (known by their French acronyms as Eufor Tchad-RCA and Minurcat) between 2008 and 2010, the purpose of this research is to question the social process that lead to the launching and the implementation of a collective security operation knwon as a peacekeeping operation.Though the Anglo-Saxon analyses of peacekeeping inspired by the International Relations theory not often question the decisionnal process, considering the deployment as a rational mean to treat a crisis, this thesis is an analysis of the non-linear social process that led to the deployment of Eufor Tchad-RCA and Minurcat. This analysis allows us to question in an orignal way the dysfunction of peacekeeping by shifting the focus from the local appropriation of the PKO as suggested by the Libera Peace approach to the continuity between decisionnal stages and implementation stages of the PKO. The thesis proposed here is that the launching of a PKO must be understood as the output of the social activity that takes place around a security issue that lead to the structuration of an area of action in the collective security sector. We named that periode a conjuncture of peacekeeping. The conduct of the operation is then analysed as the continuity of the activity in this area of action which includes new actors during its implementation stage. The re setup of the area of action can lead to the pursuit of the PKO or to its end, regarding the social dynamic that is set up
Légaré, Kathia. "Une paix chaotique : une reconstruction politique soumise aux interdépendances transnationales : étude comparée des cas du Liban et de la Bosnie-et-Herzégovine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27467.
Full textWhen war ends with a settlement, political institutions, norms and rules defining authority, are the main topics of conflict. The aim of this thesis is to understand why in this context reconstruction is so messy. It demonstrates that political reconstruction follows a cycle which alternates between phases of status quo, debate (transformation), and crisis (contestation). This process is primarily influenced by the degree of societal division and of complexity of the international environment. When the political space is deeply divided and the international environment conflictual, as it is the cases of Lebanon and Bosnia-and-Herzegovina, the cycle speeds up because of the multiple possibilities of transnational connections. These two processes were at first frozen, and were reactivated a few years later by transnational coalitions. These coalitions promoted state-building reforms which succeeded in pushing reforms forward, and gave way to multilateral negotiations unseen since the end of the war. However, this transformative period soon gave rise to contestation that made way for a political crisis, followed by a return to a new status quo. This change in political climate can be best explained by the disengagement of interveners supporting state-building measures, and by external pressures to speed up reforms. It weakened pro-reform coalitions and supported the return to more radical political objectives.
Martineau, Jean-Luc. "L'Union européenne et la reconstruction post-conflit de l'Etat : contribution à la formation d'un droit international de la reconstruction de l'Etat." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20027.
Full textIn the framework of International Relations, Post Conflict Reconstruction of the State is a major and actual stake. European Union under the auspices of United Nations, supports all initiatives to restore or build a state order which give a chance for a stable peace based on human values. Nevertheless, European Union defines his interventions in function of his own interests. Post-conflicts States don’t have a right to reconstruction. A mix of european institutional actors decide and design the european response dedicated to failed Post-conflict States. This response is not isolated, she is included in a network of parternship.After a conflict, the regional organization set up a mix of legal or operational mechanisms, and military or civilian capacities. The european activism in this domain can be very strong. Sometimes, it seems as a trusteeship of EU on Post conflicts States. Consequently, European Union contributes to design and implement the international law of the State reconstruction. EU promotes norms and international standards. It initiates european norms and standards dedicated to the recovery of states. Consequently, European Union possess global capacities in the matter of post-conflict reconstruction. That is to say that Europe is proposing to rebuild the state in its three traditional components: population, territory and state apparatus
Jalilossoltan, Nader. "Les Nations Unies et le maintien de la paix après la fin de la guerre froide." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21016.
Full textThe end of the cold war, symbolized by the fall of the berlin wall on 9 november 1989, gave rise to two phenomena interesting and shaping the united nations peacekeeping mechanism. The first one is the appearance of many civil armed conflicts, specially in europe and in africa, often naturally ethnical. This first phenomenon goes with a second one, directly linked to the end of the communism as state organization system, that is an indisputable easing of tension in international relations and the formation of a certain view similarity among greate powers regarding the management of world affairs. This detente and this quasi-unanimity have been inevitably transmited to uno which, leaving its characteristic lethargy, emarked on an all over activism to treat these new conflicts, sometimes neglecting to plan an irreproachable legal framework or appropriate means. From then on, nothing stands in the way of a quasi-comprehensive implementation of the united nations charter, leading to adoption and to application of varied and innovative measures, consensual - + preventive diplomacy ;, + peacekeeping ; measures and also the + second generation ; peacekeeping operations - as well as coercive - embargos, sui generis non-military coercive measures and military measures -, clearly contrasting with the essentially consensual practice before the fall of the berlin wall. Consequently, after 1989, the maintenance of peace by uno establishe the return to the united nations charter and the revival of the world organization. However, this success might be discovered temporary given the facte that the member states willpower remains fundamentally necessary so that the united nations be able to express its potentiality
Bailbe, Philippe. "Du maintien de la paix à la gestion des crises : la force de police européenne." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0051.
Full textExperiences in international peacekeeping operations, particularly in the Balkans, have demonstrated that the most demanding challenge facing the international community is not warfighting but rather the enforcement and building of peace. For these tasks, a military response alone is not sufficient. Conflicts such as Kosovo, East Timor and Iraq illustrate the particular difficulties in post-crisis management and prevention of further conflict. Attention has focused, in particular, on the lack of international capacity in policing after conflict. The analysis, through the case study of the European Union police missions, stresses the challenges of post-conflict situation normalisation, of social link reconstruction and of state main functions reactivation. Furthermore, it points up in the same time the accuration of EU global crisis management concept and the need of a more political Europe, able to meet its commitment to a contribution to international peace and security
Moundounga, Séraphin. "L'Union européenne et la paix en Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871641.
Full textNikolaeva, Desislava. "Le droit de la diplomatie préventive : étude de la règle de prévention en droit international public contemporain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA009.
Full textInternational law regulates States’ diplomacy for the purpose of preventing insecurity, and, by extension, armed conflicts. Accordingly, the law of preventive diplomacy reflects, in a sense, the idea that prevention of imminent risks of serious material damages defines a general principle of international law. The assertion of such a principle is based on an inductive analysis of the major treaties on collective security concluded between 1899 and 1945. It is verified in light of their application by Member States of the League of Nations and, since 1945, of the United Nations. The general nature of this principle is deduced from a combined study of the jurisprudence of a number of international courts and tribunals in various fields of international law. Those findings support the idea that individual and collective efforts of conflict prevention are subject to the respect of a general legal regime governing the current international system of peace-maintenance and collective security
Auslender, Jérôme. "Les sanctions non militaires des Nations unies : fondements, mise en oeuvre et conséquences pour les Etats tiers et les droits de la personne." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020039.
Full textFrumence, Pascal Mouna. "Le conflit somalien et les Nations Unies." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAD006/document.
Full textThe Somali conflict is probably the only internal conflict that has subjected to a tremendous ordeal the collective security system of the United Nations Charter. It breaks out in 1991 at a key moment in the history of the international relations policy. However with the end of the Cold War, it is the beginning of a new era for the UN Universal Organization, long paralyzed by the vetoes of two Great for the effective purpose of the principles set out in the Charter of the United Nations. Occupying along the coastline of the Horn of Africa, Siad Barre's Somalia aligned with Soviet ideology does not survive the dissolution of this block. The result is the beginning of a civil, bloody and fratricidal conflict almost without any outside interference. Facing the complexity of Somalia conflict and the failure of the first attempts at a peaceful resolution, the World Organization engages its peacekeeping doctrine. Thus in the space of three years (1992-1995), the Security Council authorizes the deployment of three UN missions in Somalia: a classic peacekeeping operation (UNOSOM), a sturdy peacekeeping operation (UNITAF) and a peace enforcement operation (UNOSOM II). All of them result in an ineffective failure, forcing the UN peacekeepers to fall back under armed protection while the conflict has still not found a way out. The interest of this study is to highlight the paradigm of the intervention of the United Nations. How could a simple interstate conflict defeat the principles of international law of the United Nations Charter? Especially since the proposed solutions were the subject of consensual treatment by all the members of the Security Council who unanimously approved the resolutions adopted. There is also a need to focus on the United Nations' jagged commitment from 1995 onwards. A disengagement that give a free rein to the AU and IGAD regional organization to undertake new attempts at national reconciliation. The sudden increase of piracy along the Somali coast provides an opportunity for the United Nations to return to this distant conflict. But this is a measured return that once again excludes the use of military coercion. Now engaging in various peace building activities, the United Nations is abandoning the dangerous environment of peacekeeping despite the fact that the Somali conflict continues to pose a threat to international peace and security. In virtue of the principle of subsidiarity, AMISOM, the AU peacekeeping operation in Somalia since 2007 is the only force authorized to use armed force. Between hope and disillusionment, the African peacekeeping force, though undersized, must carry out more and more missions to restore peace and security in the country
Braidi, Georges Ch. "Le droit international humanitaire et les forces de l'ONU pour le maintien de la paix : nouvelle génération /." Berne : [s.n.], 1998. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textBidouzo, Thierry Sèdjro. "Les organisations internationales et la résolution des conflits post-bipolaires en Afrique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1022.
Full textInternational law, in its role of "watchdog" or "vigil" of international security, is sometimes felt by the delicate equation of the challenge of peace in Africa. Since that this continent has become "actress of her own history" - with the new international backdrop caused by the end of the bipolar period - paradoxically, it has also become a breeding ground for conflicts. Despite mutations or "dynamic of international law", carried out by international organizations in the practice of peacekeeping, the evolutionary dynamics of conflict and their irregular nature pose many difficulties. And that is the crux of the ambiguous relationship between international organizations and conflict in Africa should try to undo in apprehending turn, their involvement and their contribution to the resolution of such conflicts.This double apprehension emerges the need, in conflict resolution strategies, taking into account both the visible violence of invisible violence; it implies real knowledge of true conflicting determinants. Hence the need for an African regional law peacekeeping because the objective peace must be accompanied by the subjective peace
Zoleko, Tsane Patrice. "Le nouveau système continental de maintien de la paix en Afrique subsaharienne au début du XXIe siècle." Toulon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUL0056.
Full textThe new African peacekeeping system is rooted in the transformations in international society since the early 1990s. It is simultaneously a response to the limitations of African previous mechanisms for conflicts resolution and a regional response to the evolution of the UN strategy to sharing responsibility with regional organizations. It opened in any case a new page of peacekeeping in Africa and African IGOs raise the rank of major players in the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts on the continent. African IGOs Activism in the peace progress in Ivory Coast, Darfur (Sudan), Somalia, Central African Republic and in many other conflict situations in sub-saharian Africa testifies to he main role now occupied by the African peacekeeping strategy. These peace initiatives taken in less than a decade do not conclude to the existenceof an African peacekeeping strategy. But they establish at least the beginnings of a control of any African State on the new security system. It arises from the functions and powers of the new structures of collective security that the African State is at the heart of continental security system because it is the primary or sole subject and object. However, new African conflicts involve a multitude of actors other than States, where one of a major inconsistencies of the system. Furthermore, configuration of various bodies and the articulation of their respective powers and skills, raise significant doubts about hte ability of the new system to ensure the prevention, management and resolution of the new African conflicts. Thus the main limitations of the new continental security system are essentially inherent in its origin. It would thus need less foreign States and IGOSs support, that an internal reinforcement consisting mainly of restoring the authority of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the AU, which seems to be more a state representative structure than central body for prevention, mangement and resolution of conflicts
Oga, Ukelo Jok. "Impasse en Ituri : opération ARTEMIS, DDR et après ? /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41425957c.
Full textDDR = désarmement, démobilisation et réinsertion. Bibliogr. p. 139.
Radoykov, Boyan. "La politique américaine de maintien et de rétablissement de la paix pendant et après la fin de la guerre froide." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010309.
Full textThe thesis clarifies the origins of the us policy on peace operations, covers the global set of issues related to peacekeeping and peacemaking and presents conceptual definitions of peace operations. It develops and analyses the specific domestic policy motivations (induced by the fundamental alteration of the international context) that have led the united states to the decision to modify the strategic directions of its peacekeeping and peacemaking policy. Furthermore, the research demonstrates also how the reorientation of the priorities (followed by a consequent reduction of the motivations to intervene as well as by a modification of the classic modalities of implementation of the peace operations) resulted in a clear disengagement in this field. The central problem-area of the research concerns the radical change in the us peacekeeping and peacemaking policy after 1990 and the vanishing of the communist threat, when this policy adopted an approach giving the advantage to american economic interests. In this sense, the thesis systematises the newly established conditions of american interventionism decided within the framework of a reformed peace policy (institutional revision started by the president Bush and concretised on 3 may 1994 by the presidential directive n025 of president Clinton) in retreat compared to the cold war period. Examined during the demonstration are the political motivations and the modalities of the american interventions in Korea, Congo, Lebanon, Vietnam, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Panama, Iraq, Somalia, Haïti and in former Yugoslavia
Da, Sanbèlè Dominique. "Les organisations internationales économiques et la consolidation de la paix dans les Etats sortant de conflits armés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD007/document.
Full textPeacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict is a multidimensional and complex undertaking that requires significant resources (financial, technical, human …). Among a wide spectrum of actors in this field, it is relevant to focus on the precise role and contribution of international economic organizations whose intervention in fragile countries including post-conflict, is very often criticized. The economic international organizations concerned are international financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, and regional development banks), regional economic communities (ECOWAS, ECCAS, ASEAN ...), and OECD. In order to increase the chances of achieving peacebuilding, it is necessary to determine whether these international economic organizations are an integral part of the solution or rather if they are the problem. First of all, the analysis is focused on the legality and the intervention tools (financial mechanisms, technical mechanisms ...) of international economic organizations in post-conflict contexts. Then the impact of their method and their intervention tools on achieving the objectives of peacebuilding, is discussed. Recurrent priorities of peacebuilding and those specific to one or some post-conflict countries are particularly addressed. Finally, given the constant changes occurring in post-conflict contexts, and as the Secretary General of the United Nations has often reiterated in his different reports on peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict, it necessary to improve the involvement of different actors. In the same vein, optimization outlooks for the intervention of international economic organizations in peacebuilding are identified
Soliman, Mahmoud Abdelhamid. "Le Secrétaire général de l'O.N.U. et la conduite des opérations de maintien de la paix au Moyen-Orient." Lille : A.N.R.T, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36105782p.
Full textKhaled, Mohamad. "La contribution de la cour internationale de justice au maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4019.
Full textAs the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice takes responsibility for contributing with other bodies to achieve the goals of this Organization, the first one being the maintenance of peace and security. This noble mission is carried out in two constituents: a direct one that is related to the actual court role in the peaceful settlement of disputes, and an indirect one linked to its contribution for the development of the international law. The leading role of the Court as a peace instrument seems to be irrevocable. The confidence shown by the states toward it has never been that great. It leads to the extension of it scope to reach various areas of the international law. Thus, reigns a climate where resorting to the Court is no longer regarded as singular but as a regular way that can be used in relations between States in conjunction with diplomatic procedures. The Court isn’t considered as a mere organ for the peaceful settlement of the international disputes anymore, but as an indispensable means for maintaining peace and security
Kayembe, Mayaya Nick. "Les opérations de maintien de la paix en Afrique et les organisations de la société civile : les cas de l’ONUMOZ (Mozambique) et de la MONUSCO (Congo)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36722.
Full textAnouilh, Pierre. "Sant'Egidio et les métamorphoses de la fabrique de la paix : une étude comparée Mozambique-Burundi." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40011.
Full textUnexpected mediator during the Mozambican civil war, well-known and legitimate peace broker during its mediation in Burundi, the Roman Catholic community of Sant'Egidio appears as a peculiar agent of contemporary conflict resolution. But its diplomantic activity, usually considered as "natural", has never been really investigated in relation with the conflicts in which the community got involved. By focusing on a political sociology of transnational dynamics of alternative pacification, our comparative study, grounded on several fieldworks in Africa and Italia, aim at avoiding the heuristic deadlocks in which the leading paradigms of conflict resolution and international relations theory stay embedded. The first two parts share the same objective : highlighting the contengency and questioning the obviouness and the necessity of Sant'Egidio' s practice of "parallel diplomacy" in the Mozambican conflict and in the Burundian violent crises. What were the connexions, the conflict dynamics, the strategies and configurations of power that allowed Sant'Egidio to become a preferred negociator in the first place ? Following the critical (re)reading of the egidian peace in Africa, the mediation undertaken by this Christian community will be linked, in a third part, with the actual transformations of peacemaking and conflict resolution. In conclusion, the peace mediations of sant'Egidio will be investigated through a short archaeology of its recognition and legitimacy as an efficient global peace broker. What do reveal Sant'Egidio 's peacemaking activities regarding the post Cold war government of the "new civil wars" ?
Kpodar, Adama. "Réflexion sur la régionalisation du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité collectives : l'exemple de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3028.
Full textBelaji, Abdelali. "Les forces internationales de maintien de la paix dans le cadre et en dehors de l'Organisation des Nations-Unies." Nancy 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN20005.
Full textPut into force for the first time in 1956 by united nations organization, the notion of "international peace-keeping forces" was adopted some years later by the regional organizations and recently by states in an interstate frame work. According to its adaptability, this notion remains an ambiguous one and therfore easy to manipulate in order to serve interests others than those of international peace and security. This generalization of the notion can be apprecieted into different ways : - first, it corroborates the dynamism of the notion, which proved its extraordinary degree of adaptation in relation with the evolution of the international relations in peace and security mat- ters, whatever the nature of the creator of the force (united nations, regional organizations or states was. - secondly, it presents certainly a danger since the region- nal organizations and the states, in the case of multinational forces, can, in the name of keeping peace and international security, use the notion in order to intervene in the domestic affairs of other states (cases of dominican republic, grenada. . . ). If the appearance of regional forces is in conformity with the charter of u. N. , that of multinational forces constitute an advertissment to u. N. Peace keeping operations. However, we think that multionational forces cannot constitute substitution solutions of u. N. Peace-keeping forces. This is another way confirmed by the presents cases of unifil and unficyp which however the difficulties are going to accomplish their missions when the s. M. F. B. Was in- nable to resist to difficulties and withdrew at the first opportuni- ty
Isselé, Jean-Pierre. "Du modèle de l'ONU à la force arabe de dissuasion au Liban : thème et variation sur le maintien de la paix /." Genève : [J.-P. Isselé?], 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36626772w.
Full textThierry, Damien. "L'organisation des Nations Unies et le nouvel ordre mondial dans le domaine du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR1002.
Full textThe expansion of security concept by Security Council since 1988-1990 is empiric because of control by great powers of collective security. Indeed, these one control at one and the same time the decisions and their execution
Demba, Guy-Eugène. "Élites dirigeantes, sortie de crise et reconstruction post-conflit dans les États africains de la Région des Grands Lacs.1990-2013." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30008/document.
Full textFor more than two decades, a number of African States within the scope of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region have sunk into both armed intrastate and domestic conflicts. From the Rwandan genocide to civil wars in Congo-Brazzaville, Angola, Uganda, and Burundi, or the constantly armed political violence in the Central African Republic (CAR), through the Great African War in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), numerous and important mechanisms for conflict resolution have been experienced, bilateral, communitarian, regional, as well as Onusian. Unfortunately, the concepts relative to the end of crisis and post-conflict reconstruction still remain empty words, given the revivals and extensions of conflicts in that Region. Thus, by mobilizing the neo-elitist approach which goes the empirical reality, after reviewing all the major elitist philosophical, political and sociological theories defended by the classical authors such as Wilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca, etc. On one hand, and by resorting to Johan Galtung’s theory on negative peace versus positive peace, on the other, this dissertation aims at highlighting the role played by governing Elites in the peace process within the Region. After defining these elites, this monography shows the difficulties of solving conflicts due to the regional sociodemographic heterogeneity. Then, it emphasizes mechanisms for keeping negative peace by the governing Elites, in interaction with other protagonists
Gout, Philippe. "L’appréhension de l’ordre juridique coutumier infra-étatique par le droit international : l’expérience soudanaise de la consolidation de la paix." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020031.
Full textThe international peacebuilding intervention model was conceptualized in the 1990’s by the United Nations. It originates from theoretical approaches within Global Administrative Law that promote a materialist and alienating understanding of the concept of sovereignty and monist theories of international law. Peacebuilding aims at establishing liberal rule of law that fosters democratic good governance and the protection of individual human rights. A close scrutiny of this international peacebuilding framework in two exemplary settings in Sudan (Darfur, the “two areas” of South Kordofan and Blue Nile) allows for an analysis of the general legal regime of the peacebuilding model. In the interest of upholding the state’s rule of law, peacebuilding dismantles any competing infra-state legal order. Such so-called autonomous ‘customary’ orders are theorized here following Italian institutionalism and a formalist approach to law. This enables an understanding of how international law maneuvers the constituent elements of such legal orders. Maneuvering of infra-state customary legal orders is enacted through localized and temporary development and transitional justice programs based on the institution of the “trust”. The peacebuilding model consequently appears as a renewed and fleeting form of internationalized administration of territories borrowing from the League of Nations mandate or the United Nations trust systems. By drawing on customary legal orders, international law alienates the constituent elements therein at the price of an acknowledge paradox: international law denies any legal nature to the customary legal orders with which it interacts on a daily basis
Jafalian, Annie. "Guerre et paix dans le Caucase du Sud : les stratégies arméniennes de sécurité (1988-1994)." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10045.
Full textThe thesis aims at analyzing Armenia’s border conflicts’ escalation and containment on the basis of two case studies where national minority issues are at stake: Artsakh, which has had an autonomous status and became a war zone between Armenia and Azerbaijan; and Javakhk, which was deprived of such a status and kept as a zone of peace between Armenia and Georgia. This study will especially question whether the existence of an autonomous status was a key explanatory factor of the different paths taken in the two areas of Artsakh and Javakhk. Without ignoring the essential influence an autonomous status may have on the transition from war to peace, this research is rather focussing on security perceptions and interests as they have been defined and prioritized by Armenian decision-makers in Yerevan, Stepanakert and Akhlakalak. Seen from this perspective, conflicts in the South Caucasus seem to be more fondamentlly resulting from two combined dynamics: a continued history, interrupted by the sovietization of the area and ongoing since the regime was liberalized on the one hand; a present time, conditioned by geopolitical and normative constraints, which contributed to shape Armenian security strategies on the other hand. Under these circumstances, the minority's political-strategic autonomy – based on the availability of transnational flows – has played a key role in conflict escalation and containment in the South Caucasus
Tardy, Thierry. "La France et la force de protection des Nations unies en ex-Yougoslavie : enjeux et leçons d'une opération de maintien de la paix." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131009.
Full textBetween 1992 and 1995, france played a major role within the united nations protection force (unprofor) in former yugoslavia, the most important "peacekeeping operation" set up by the united nations. In addition to the deployment of troops, france played an important political role in the process leading to the creation of the unprofor as well as in the definition and the implementation of the mandate. Through this contribution, france wanted to meet several requirements of her foreing policy. Her will to be a great power within the un and within the european union largely determined her policy towards the unprofor. The need to contain a conflict which was a threat to european stability was also of great importance. France tried to become the leader of the operation set up by the un, and simultaneously revealed her abilities to contribute to an important collective security operation and the limits of her influence on the conflict. In bosnia and herzegovina in particular, the humanitarian option, supported by the un and france, was unable to create the conditions for a settlement of the conflict ; on the contrary, the unprofor faced a tricky situation, in which french initiatives proved to be unsuccessful. At the same time, france refused to contemplate military action to enforce a political settlement and the withdrawal of her troops, and always chose the middle option, which was constituted by the unprofor. And if france often managed to carry her point, especially with her european partners, the outcome of the conflict did not come before the american takeover during the summer 1995, which also revealed the limits of the french policy
Lamiges, Bruno. "L'asseurement : du contrôle de la violence au maintien de la paix publique dans le royaume de France (fin XIIe siècle-fin du XVe siècle)." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO1012.
Full textIn the kingdom of the Capetians and the Valois, anyone who is offended feels the absolute need to obtain revenge whereas the King is in charge of ensuring peace for his subjects. How can these antagonistic positions be reconciled? The vindication system which includes ways of regulating violence and easing tensions between opposing groups is going to give the King and his judges new possibilities of fulfilling the royal task of maintaining public peace. From the second half of the 13th century, when vengeance is banned by the introduction of asseurement, in fact a non-aggression commitment, the King’s representatives follow the communal model of the institution in setting up a hybrid system which associates this way of managing conflicts that has stemmed from social habits with the enforcement of a policy aiming to broaden the span of royal justice. Henceforth, the King’s judges have at their disposal a means of controlling violence either by preventing it or by repressing it. During the 14th century, the contentious treatment of broken asseurement, which at the time could be regarded as a crime of high treason falling within royal jurisdiction, exemplified the political use royal power made of asseurement. The King’s officers endeavoured to spread the use of asseurement, as they had altered it, beyond its original area between the rivers Somme and Escaut. Thus, the establishment of this model follows the expansion of Crown lands. As a means of coercion, it participates in the growth of a political hold – for the sake of the King’s peace – over an ever larger territory. However, the activism of the King’s officers met with criticism – mainly from the lords who used to dispense high justice – and with resistance from institutions playing the same role as asseurement, particularly in the South of France. In view of this situation, the King and the Parliament had to reduce the activities of royal officers and take into account regional practices for regulating violence. Despite these limits, judicial asseurement, at the service of the King’s peace, contributed to expand it throughout a broad northern half of medieval France, thus helping to implement the principle of royal judicial sovereignty. In the second half of the 15th century, when royal power was finally strengthened after the trials and tribulations of the Hundred Years’ War, judicial asseurement fell into disuse. Royalty had come to the end of a process in which asseurement had been a political tool. Indeed, royal justice was beginning to have a state repressive apparatus at its disposal and no longer needed to get potential troublemakers to sign asseurements. From then on, the emerging state was endowed with sufficient resources to directly repress any breach of public peace