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Academic literature on the topic 'Maize management; cropping systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Maize management; cropping systems"

Lisboa, Bruno Brito, Cimélio Bayer, Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia, Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo, Anelise Beneduzi, Adriana Ambrosini, and Luciano Kayser Vargas. "SOIL FUNGISTASIS AGAINST FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM UNDER DIFFERENT CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 1 (February 2015): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20150683.

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Soil management, in terms of tillage and cropping systems, strongly influences the biological properties of soil involved in the suppression of plant diseases. Fungistasis mediated by soil microbiota is an important component of disease-suppressive soils. We evaluated the influence of different management systems on fungistasis against Fusarium graminearum, the relationship of fungistasis to the bacterial profile of the soil, and the possible mechanisms involved in this process. Samples were taken from a long-term experiment set up in a Paleudult soil under conventional tillage or no-tillage management and three cropping systems: black oat (Avena strigose L.) + vetch (Vicia sativa L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) + cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.), black oat/maize, and vetch/maize. Soil fungistasis was evaluated in terms of reduction of radial growth of F. graminearum, and bacterial diversity was assessed using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). A total of 120 bacterial isolates were obtained and evaluated for antibiosis, and production of volatile compounds and siderophores. No-tillage soil samples showed the highest level of F. graminearum fungistasis by sharply reducing the development of this pathogen. Of the cropping systems tested, the vetch + black oat/maize + cowpea system showed the highest fungistasis and the oat/maize system showed the lowest. The management system also affected the genetic profile of the bacteria isolated, with the systems from fungistatic soils showing greater similarity. Although there was no clear relationship between soil management and the characteristics of the bacterial isolates, we may conclude that antibiosis and the production of siderophores were the main mechanisms accounting for fungistasis.

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Wattenburger, Cassandra J., Larry J. Halverson, and Kirsten S. Hofmockel. "Agricultural Management Affects Root-Associated Microbiome Recruitment Over Maize Development." Phytobiomes Journal 3, no. 4 (January 2019): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-03-19-0016-r.

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Diversified cropping systems provide yield benefits that may result from enhanced nutrient availability via the root microbiome. We hypothesized that root-associated microbial communities in diversified and conventional systems would differ most during high plant nitrogen demand, reflecting microbiome-derived benefits, and that these effects would be greatest nearest the root. We compared maize bulk soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane prokaryotic and fungal communities in diversified and conventional systems at four plant developmental stages using amplicon sequencing. The greatest differences between systems in root-selected prokaryotic community composition occurred within the rhizoplane during vegetative stage 11 (high nitrogen demand). During this period, the rhizoplane of maize from the diversified, compared with the conventional, cropping system hosted higher abundances of bacteria implicated in complex organic matter decomposition (Verrucomicrobia and Acidobacteria). In contrast, fungal root-associated communities differed most between cropping systems during vegetative stage 4 (low nitrogen demand) and became more similar over time. Unexpectedly, prokaryotic rhizosphere communities, unlike rhizoplane communities, did not always differentiate from bulk soil communities, indicating value in differentiating between root compartments to understand root−microbiome−management interactions. For example, the diversified system rhizosphere and bulk soil prokaryotic communities were not well differentiated compared with the conventional system, indicating the possibility of a camouflage effect.

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Hussain, Khalid, Ayesha Ilyas, Irshad Bibi, and Thomas Hilger. "Sustainable Soil Loss Management in Tropical Uplands: Impact on Maize-Chili Cropping Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116477.

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Intensive land use with inappropriate land management is directly degrading South Asian uplands. A field trial was carried out on the uplands of Western Thailand with a 25% slope to examine the effect of land use management on soil loss for sustainable crop production during two consecutive years (2010–2011). Various cropping systems with soil conservation practices were compared to maize sole cropping (MSC). Results revealed that soil loss was at a minimum in the intercropping system of maize-chili-hedgerows with minimum tillage and fertilization that was 50% to 61% and 60% to 81% less than MSC and the bare soil plot during both years, respectively. Yield advantage was at its maximum, as indicated by the highest land equivalent ratios of 1.28 and 1.21 during 2010 and 2011, respectively, in maize-chili-hedgerows-intercropping with minimum tillage and fertilization. The highest economic returns (5925 and 1058 euros ha−1 during 2010 and 2011, respectively) were also obtained from maize-chili-hedgerows-intercropping with minimum tillage and fertilization. Chili fresh fruit yield was maximum in the chili alone plot during both years due to the greater area under cultivation compared with intercropping. Maize-chili-hedgerows with minimum tillage and fertilization reduced soil loss and increased land productivity and net returns, indicating its promising features for sustainable crop production on uplands.

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KIHARA, J., A. BATIONO, B. WASWA, J. M. KIMETU, B. VANLAUWE, J. OKEYO, J. MUKALAMA, and C. MARTIUS. "EFFECT OF REDUCED TILLAGE AND MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON MAIZE AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (October 11, 2011): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479711000895.

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SUMMARYReduced tillage is said to be one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Africa. We hypothesised that crop yield following a modest application of 2 t ha−1 of crop residue in a reduced tillage system is similar to the yield obtained from a conventional tillage system, and that incorporation of legumes in a cropping system leads to greater economic benefits as opposed to a cropping system involving continuous maize. Three cropping systems (continuous maize monocropping, legume/maize intercropping and rotation) under different tillage and residue management systems were tested in sub-humid western Kenya over 10 seasons. While soybean performed equally well in both tillage systems throughout, maize yield was lower in reduced than conventional tillage during the first five seasons but no significant differences were observed after season 6. Likewise, with crop residue application, yields in conventional and reduced tillage systems are comparable after season 6. Nitrogen and phosphorus increased yield by up to 100% compared with control. Gross margins were not significantly different among the cropping systems being only 6 to 39% more in the legume–cereal systems relative to similar treatments in continuous cereal monocropping system. After 10 seasons of reduced tillage production, the economic benefits for our cropping systems are still not attractive for a switch from the conventional to reduced tillage.

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Osanai, Yui, Oliver Knox, Gunasekhar Nachimuthu, and Brian Wilson. "Contrasting agricultural management effects on soil organic carbon dynamics between topsoil and subsoil." Soil Research 59, no. 1 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19379.

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Agricultural practices (e.g. tillage, crop rotation and fertiliser application) have a strong influence on the balance between carbon (C) input and output by altering physicochemical and microbial properties that control decomposition processes in the soil. Recent studies suggest that the mechanisms by which agricultural practice impacts soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in the topsoil may not be the same as those in the subsoil. Here, we assessed SOC stock, soil organic fractions and nitrogen availability to 1.0 m in soils under a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-based cropping system, and assessed the impact of agricultural management (three historical cropping systems with or without maize (Zea mays L.) rotation) on SOC storage. We found that the maize rotation and changes in the particulate organic fraction influenced SOC stock in the topsoil, although the overall change in SOC stock was small. The large increase in subsoil SOC stock (by 31%) was dominated by changes in the mineral-associated organic fraction, which were influenced by historical cropping systems and recent maize rotation directly and indirectly via changes in soil nitrogen availability. The strong direct effect of maize rotation on SOC stock, particularly in the subsoil, suggests that the direct transfer of C into the subsoil SOC pool may dominate C dynamics in this cropping system. Therefore, agricultural management that affects the movement of C within the soil profile (e.g. changes in soil physical properties) could have a significant consequence for subsoil C storage.

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Velthof, Gerard, Herman van Schooten, and Wim van Dijk. "Optimization of the Nutrient Management of Silage Maize Cropping Systems in The Netherlands: A Review." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121861.

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Silage maize is, after grassland, the second largest crop in the Netherlands. The amounts of nutrients applied to silage maize have greatly decreased since the 1980s because of the implementation of a series of environmental policies. The aim of this review paper was to provide an overview of the nutrient management of and losses from silage maize cropping systems in the Netherlands during recent decades based on a literature review and a time series of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uses, yields, surpluses, and losses. The total N input as slurry to silage maize on sandy soils decreased from up to 500 kg N/ha in 1985 to approximately 180 kg N/ha in recent years. This decrease was due to the implementation of legislation with maximum permissible P application rates in the 1980s and 1990s, maximum permissible N and P losses in the 1997–2005 period, and of maximum permissible N and P application rates from 2006 onwards. Implementation of low ammonia (NH3) emission application techniques of manure in the early 1990s greatly reduced NH3 emission. The relative decrease of N losses from silage maize on sandy soils in the 1995–2018 period was 70% for nitrate (NO3) leaching, 97% for NH3 emissions, 65% for nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions, and 32% for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The P surplus on the soil balance of silage maize decreased from approximately 150 kg P2O5/ha in the 1980s to less than 10 kg P2O5/ha in recent years, showing that P inputs and outputs are currently coming close to a zero balance in silage maize cropping systems. Although the emissions from silage maize cultivation have greatly decreased, further improvements in nutrient management are needed. The water quality standards have still not been met and there are new challenges related to the mitigation of emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases.

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Xu, Huasen, Huaxing Bi, Lubo Gao, and Lei Yun. "Alley Cropping Increases Land Use Efficiency and Economic Profitability Across the Combination Cultivation Period." Agronomy 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9010034.

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Alley cropping allows the famer to effectively use available resources and yield more benefits. Choosing suitable associated crop and mitigating the competition between trees and crops are crucial for designing the alley cropping systems. We conducted a long-term experiment, including apple (Malus pumila)/peanut (Arachis hypogaea), apple/millet (Setaria italica) and apple/maize (Zea mays) alley cropping systems with conventional intercropping distance, and corresponding monocultures (Exp.1), and a short-term experiment with improved intercropping distance in the same three combinations (Exp.2) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed crop yields in three alley cropping systems were lower than the corresponding monocultures. Apple yields were significantly constrained by millet and maize in the alley cropping systems, but not sensitive to the presence of peanut. Land equivalent ratios (LERs) ranged from 0.44 to 0.89 before the tree bore fruit. The LERs were greater than 1.0 after the tree bore fruit, and the apple trees made a decisive contribution to the land use advantage. Net present values of three alley cropping systems were on average 60.1% higher than the corresponding monocultures across the alley cropping period. The maximum annual present value in the first–fifth, sixth and seventh–ninth years after the alley cropping establishment was observed in the apple/maize, apple/millet and apple/peanut system, respectively. These results highlight that choosing the optimal alley cropping management and suitable associated crops at different years after establishment may allow farmers to increase the land use efficiency and economic profitability.

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Kanampiu, Fred, Dan Makumbi, Edna Mageto, Gospel Omanya, Sammy Waruingi, Peter Musyoka, and Joel Ransom. "Assessment of Management Options onStrigaInfestation and Maize Grain Yield in Kenya." Weed Science 66, no. 4 (April 4, 2018): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2018.4.

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AbstractThe parasitic purple witchweed [Striga hermonthica(Del.) Benth.] is a serious constraint to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in poor soils. VariousStrigaspp. control measures have been developed, but these have not been assessed in an integrated system. This study was conducted to evaluate a set of promising technologies forS. hermonthicamanagement in western Kenya. We evaluated three maize genotypes either intercropped with peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], or silverleaf desmodium [Desmodium uncinatum(Jacq.) DC] or as a sole crop at two locations under artificialS. hermonthicainfestation and at three locations under naturalS. hermonthicainfestation between 2011 and 2013. Combined ANOVA showed significant (P<0.05) cropping system and cropping system by environment interactions for most traits measured. Grain yield was highest for maize grown in soybean rotation (3,672 kg ha−1) under artificial infestation and inD. uncinatumand peanut cropping systems (3,203 kg ha−1and 3,193 kg ha−1) under natural infestation. Grain yield was highest for theStrigaspp.-resistant hybrid under both methods of infestation. A lower number of emergedS. hermonthicaplants per square meter were recorded at 10 and 12 wk after planting on maize grown underD. uncinatumin the artificialS. hermonthicainfestation. A combination of herbicide-resistant maize varieties intercropped with legumes was a more effective method forS. hermonthicacontrol than individual-component technologies. Herbicide-resistant andStrigaspp.-resistant maize integrated with legumes would help reduce theStrigaspp. seedbank in the soil. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt an integrated approach to controlStrigaspp. for better maize yields.

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Sebetha, E. T., and A. T. Modi. "Influence of Management Practices on Selected Cowpea Growth Attributes and Soil Organic Carbon." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 11 (October 11, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n11p20.

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<p>Cowpea is a multi-purpose nitrogen fixing crop that can be grown as a vegetable, grain legume and a fodder. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth response of cowpea to different cropping systems at different locations and determine nitrogen fertilization on cowpea growth and soil organic carbon content. Three cropping systems were used, namely, maize-cowpea rotation, cowpea monocropping and maize-cowpea intercropping at three locations (Potchefstroom, Taung, and Rustenburg) in South Africa during 2011/12 and 2012/13 planting seasons. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two rates where no application was the control at all locations and application according to soil analysis recommendation for maize requirement was applied at each location. The variables measured for cowpea growth were days to 100% flowering and physiological maturity, number of leaves and nodules per cowpea plant. Soil organic carbon was determined for each treatment. The results showed that, maize-cowpea rotation and monocropping reached days to 100% flowering and maturity significantly earlier compared to intercropping. Cowpea planted at Potchefstroom and Rustenburg reached days to 100% flowering and physiological maturity significantly earlier than cowpea planted at Taung. Cowpea planted at Taung had significantly higher number of nodules per plant than cowpea planted at Potchefstroom and Rustenburg. There was also a positive correlation between soil organic carbon and cowpea growth. It is concluded that the positive effect of cowpea in agronomic systems is enhanced by the correct cropping system, although it is affected by location.</p>

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Herrmann, Antje, Sandra Claus, Ralf Loges, Christof Kluß, and Friedhelm Taube. "Can arable forage production be intensified sustainably? A case study from northern Germany." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 6 (2014): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13362.

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Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) resulting from forage production contribute a major share to ‘livestock’s long shadow’. A 2-year field experiment was conducted at two sites in northern Germany to quantify and evaluate the carbon footprint of arable forage cropping systems (continuous silage maize, maize–wheat–grass rotation, perennial ryegrass ley) as affected by N-fertiliser type and N amount. Total GHG emissions showed a linear increase with N application, with mineral-N supply resulting in a steeper slope. Product carbon footprint (PCF) ranged between –66 and 119 kg CO2eq/(GJ net energy lactation) and revealed a quadratic or linear response to fertiliser N input, depending on the cropping system and site. Thus, exploitation of yield potential while mitigating PCF was not feasible for all tested cropping systems. When taking credits or debts for carbon sequestration into account, perennial ryegrass was characterised by a lower PCF than continuous maize or the maize-based rotation, at the N input required for achieving maximum energy yield, whereas similar or higher PCF was found when grassland was assumed to have achieved soil carbon equilibrium. The data indicate potential for sustainable intensification when cropping systems and crop management are adapted to increase resource-use efficiency.

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maize management; cropping systems"

Spedding, Timothy Andrew. "Soil microbial dynamics in response to tillage and residue management in a maize cropping system." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79133.

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The impact of tillage and residue management on soil microorganisms was studied over the maize (Zea mays L.) growing season in southwestern Quebec. Tillage and residue treatments were imposed on a sandy loam to loamy sand soil in fall 1991. Treatments consisted of no till, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage with crop residues either removed from (-R) or retained on (+R) experimental plots, laid out in a randomized complete block design. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C), soil microbial nitrogen (SMB-N) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations were measured four times, at two depths (0--10 cm, 10--20 cm), over the 2001 growing season. Sample periods were: May 7th (pre planting), June 25 th, July 16th, and September 29th (prior to corn harvest). The effect of time was of a greater magnitude than those attributed to tillage or residue treatments. While SMB-C showed no seasonal change (160 mug C g-1 soil); SMB-N was responsive to mineral nitrogen fertilizer; and PLFA data showed an increase in fungi and total PLFA throughout the season. PLFA profiles showed better distinction between sampling period, and depth, than treatments. Of the two treatments, the effect of residue was more pronounced than that of tillage, with increased SMB-C and SMB-N (6.1% and 96%) in +R plots compared to -R plots. This study illustrated that measuring soil quality based on soil microbial components must take into account seasonal changes in soil physical, chemical conditions, and nutrient supply.

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Heineman, Arne M. "Species selection for alley cropping in Western Kenya : system management, nutrient use efficiency and tree-crop compatibility (1988-1995)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318545.

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Kadango, Tendayi Lovemore. "Farmers' perceptions of insect pests in the Eastern Cape maize-based cropping systems and the effects of crop residue management on insect pest populations." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6202.

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops in South Africa that is cultivated for food, feed and as a cash crop. Maize in the Eastern Cape is typically grown for consumption and the Province is one of the least producers owing to small landholdings, poor production conditions and pests. This study investigated: (i) the different maize cropping systems smallholder farmers practice in the Eastern Cape (EC), (ii) the major maize insect pests within the identified cropping systems, (iii) the perceptions of Eastern Cape smallholder maize farmers on the effects of insect pests, and (iv) the effects of crop residues on insect pests’ population dynamics. Four major cropping systems namely: maize sole cropping without rotations by government sponsored farmers (GCP) (94 percent), maize intercropping without rotations by independent farmers (IF) (79 percent), maize sole cropping without rotations by IF (67 percent) and maize intercropping without rotations by GCP (61 percent) were identified. The choice of a cropping system by the smallholder farmers was significantly influenced by source of sponsorship, the difference in their district localities, tenure system, availability of inputs and farming equipment, percentage of farmland farmers allocate to maize, maize varieties, farming experience, fallow operations and access to irrigation facilities. The major constraints faced by the farmers in maize production are the attack by insect pests, weeds competition, drought, the lack of fencing around the fields and destruction by mammals. The major insect pests identified were stalk borers (Busseola fusca, Chilo partellus), cutworms (Agrotis spp.), aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis), bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera) and weevils (Sitophylus spp.). The most popular control measures employed were the use of GM maize and pesticides. Results from the field trial showed that field crickets were the major ground dwelling insect pests observed followed by bollworms and cutworms. However, there were no significant influence of residue retention on the insects’ diversity indices, richness, and evenness. Above ground insects sampling revealed the domination by four major insects namely, cutworms, maize stalk borer, bollworms, and spotted stalk borer. Residue management significantly influenced the infestation by spotted stalk borer only on maize plots. However, the general trend was that there was less infestation by the insects in plots where residues were retained than the ones with residue removed. Results from the study indicate that government sponsorship is significantly influencing the maize cropping systems of the smallholder farmers of the Eastern Cape.

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Fischler, Martin. "Legume green manures in the management of maize-bean cropping systems in eastern Africa with special reference to crotalaria (C. ochroleuca G. Don.) /." Zürich, 1997. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12099.

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Chabi-Olaye, Adenirin. "Roles of inland valleys and maize cropping systems in the management of stem borers and their natural enemies in the humid forest of Cameroon." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976147122.

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Ganyani, Lloyd Munashe. "Evaluating summer cover crop species and management strategies for rainfed maize based cropping systems in the central region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/373.

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The overall objective of the whole study was to assess whether conservation agriculture (CA) systems can work in the Eastern Cape Province (EC). The CA systems were engaged through cover cropping to address land degradation problems by emphasizing high biomass production in order to realize short term benefits such as moisture conservation, weed suppression and soil fertility benefits under rainfed conditions in the central region of the Eastern Cape province. Since rainfall is the most limiting factor to crop production in the EC, a within season rainfall distribution analysis was conducted to expose the quality of the season (onset, end and duration) and hence the feasibility of CA systems to guide agronomic decisions by farmers in EC. To assess season parameters, thirty four years of daily rainfall was collected from the University of Fort Hare Research station and used to conduct the rainy pentad (5 day rainfall totals) analysis and the daily rainfall analysis using INSTAT software programme. Based on the pentad analysis, results showed that Alice does not have a rainy season in 1 out of 2 years (50% probability) but has one in 1 out of 4 years (25% probability level). This criterion proved to be harsher and conservative when compared to the daily rainfall approach which is more precise in measuring trends on season parameters. The daily rainfall analysis indicated a 65% feasibility for the dry land cropping systems in the EC. The pentad analysis however was effective in illustrating seasonality and it showed that the wet season begins on the 1st of November, ending on the 22nd of March lasting for 140 days. Though the season duration appeared too long, the existence of dry spells during critical growth stages adversely affects the quality of the season. The daily rainfall analysis also managed to derive a signal which can guide planting decisions. For planting to be successful, this analysis determined that 20 mm of rain should be received in two consecutive days after the 1st of November. A screening trial for cover crop biomass production and weed suppression was conducted on-station Fort Hare Research Farm (32°46' S and 26° 50' E), and Msobombvu village (MSBV) (32°44' S, and 26° 55' E) over two seasons (2007/08 and 2008/09). Six summer cover crops i.e. cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), dolichos lablab (Dolichos argenteus), sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea), buckwheat (Fagopyrum sagittatum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) were evaluated for biomass yield, and weed suppression. Decomposition rates, moisture conservation and residual effects of these cover crops on the succeeding main crop were also evaluated under dryland conditions. The screening trial was laid in randomized complete block design replicated three times. Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) were identified as high biomass producers and their dry matter yields ranged from 8 -12 t ha-1. These cover crops can be useful in generating high biomass in rainfed cropping systems in the EC. Other cover crops produced 3 - 4 t ha-1 of biomass which fell short of the 6 t ha-1 expected benchmark. However, these biomass yields were important in weed management since all cover crop species showed a similar degree of weed suppression which surpassed the weed fallow treatment. As dead mulches, the cover crops failed to show residual moisture conservation and weed control benefits for the succeeding maize crop mainly because of poor residue persistence, and low harvestable fallow rainfall. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), was selected for further investigations in a follow up trial on station in 2008/09 season because of its weed smothering qualities, suitability to short cycle rotations, and possible allelopathic properties. The trial aimed at finding weed and cost effective management options of buckwheat that are none detrimental to the succeeding maize crop. Results showed that cropping systems where buckwheat is followed by a main crop may not work as they are unprofitable with respect to R100 rand invested. Though perceived to have allelopathic properties, buckwheat failed to demonstrate the possibilities of allelopathic action against weeds. Intercropping trial was conducted on-station in 2007/8-2008/09 seasons to try and find better ways of fitting legume cover crops into maize based cropping systems without compromising production of staple cereals on limited landholdings. The trials evaluated three factors in factorial combination, cover crop planting date, intercropping strategy, and cover crop species. The trial was laid as 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a split-split plot design. The main plot factor was cover crop planting date, cover crops simultaneously planted with maize and cover crop planted two weeks after planting maize (DKC 61-25). The sub-plot factor was intercropping strategy, strip intercropping and betweenrow intercropping. The sub-sub-plot factor was cover crop species, Dolichos lablab (Dolichos argenteus (Highworth), and Cowpea Vigna ungiculata (Agrinawa) plus control plots of sole maize. Results showed that same time planting of leguminous cover crops with maize using the in-between row intercropping patterns can derive appreciable system biomass (maize/cover crop) yields, utilize land efficiently whilst getting favourable maize grain yield. Based on the rainfall analysis, results showed that the probability of success when relay seeding cover crops after two weeks into standing maize is low (15% chances of success). This suggests that relay intercropping strategies would not work due to the unavailability of a good quality season.

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Chim, Bee Khim. "Alternative and Improved Cropping Systems for Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79721.

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Feed grain consumption in Virginia and the mid-Atlantic region is more than double the total production. Producing more feed grains in this region could generate more profit for grain growers and lower costs for end-users. Increased feed grain production in this region will necessitate improved corn (Zea mays L.) management techniques and adoption of alternative feed grains such as grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). In order to achieve our overall objective of increased corn and grain sorghum production in the region, experiments were conducted to assess tools with the ability to increase the efficiency of sidedress nitrogen (N) application for corn and to test the performance of grain sorghum in both full season and double-crop rotations in this region. For the corn studies, seven field experiments were established in 2012-2014 with four replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included a complete factorial of four different preplant N rate (0, 45, 90, 134 kg ha-1) with three different approach simulation model-prescribed rates (Virginia Corn Algorithm, Maize-N, Nutrient Expert-Maize) and the standard Virginia yield-goal based approach. No differences in corn yield were found between the different simulation model and preplant N rate, however the prescribed sidedress N rate varied significantly due to the simulation model, preplant N rate and the interaction between them. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was estimated based on partial factor productivity (PFP) of nitrogen. The greatest PFP resulted from use of the Virginia Corn Algorithm (VCA), which produced 68 kg grain kg N-1 compared with 49 kg grain kg N-1 for the yield-goal based approach. While the VCA shows promise as a tool for improving NUE of sidedress applications in corn, more research is needed to validate performance. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is often double-cropped after small grain in the mid-Atlantic region. Growing grain sorghum in this niche in the cropping system instead could result in greater overall feed grain production. In order to assess the performance of grain sorghum as an alternative in common cropping systems, four field experiments were established at the Southern Piedmont Agriculture Research and Extension Center (SPAREC) and Tidewater Agriculture Research and Extension Center (TAREC), near Blackstone and Holland, Virginia, respectively. The experiments were conducted using a split plot design with four replications and fourteen treatments. Main plot was winter small grain crop; either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), triticale (x Triticosecale.), wheat (Triticum aetivum L.) or winter-fallow and the subplot either soybean or sorghum. In three of four instances, full season sorghum yields were greater than double-cropped sorghum after small grain. At two locations, sorghum yields following triticale were lower than when following barley, possibly indicating an antagonistic or allelopathic effect of triticale. The most profitable cropping system was wheat-soybean based on the price assumptions and measure yields in this experiment. Among the sorghum cropping system, the most profitable system was also wheat-sorghum. Sorghum can be successfully grown in both full-season and double-crop systems and offers good potential to increase feed grain production in this region.
Ph. D.

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Omokanye, Akim Tunde, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences. "Biological and economic evaluation of maize-based cropping systems for Nigerian smallholders." THESIS_CSTE_HPS_Omokanye_A.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/797.

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Indigenous African shifting cultivation production systems, that were developed over many generations and took into account production potential as well as the constraints imposed by natural resources, are no longer practicable for Nigerian smallholder farmers. These systems relied on long fallow for fertility restoration after a period of cropping. Overpopulation has resulted in lower per capita land availability, necessitating a shift to sedentary cultivation systems. In such systems, fallow is short term (months) compared to shifting systems, where it lasted several years. This shift has resulted in overexploitation of land resources and despite intensification of agricultural production methods, non-sustainable demand on the natural resource base has increased and crop and animal production has declined. This study examined the performance of five maize-based cropping systems consisting of cereal-legume, cereal-cereal and cereal bare fallow rotations, to identify systems that have potential for increased agricultural production in the subhumid and mid-altitude zones of Nigeria. The study was conducted at Richmond, near Sydney, in NSW, Australia from 2000 to 2003. The trial investigated the effects of the combined use of legumes and N fertilizer in CSs to maintain or improve soil fertility, maize crop and maize storage silage production and yield and quality of all crop residues. This study showed that inclusion of a legume in the rotation is an important production and income generating strategy. Owing to their potential for increased maize productivity, to build up N-rich systems and to improve small holder levels of farm income, cropping systems with legumes should therefore be given more research attention in Nigeria
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Mkhonta, Vusumuzi Meshack. "The biology and cultural control of grass-weeds in smallholder maize cropping systems." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430913.

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Monakisi, Charlotte. "N₂ fixation, plant mineral nutrition and C metabolites in cowpea/maize cropping systems." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25932.

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The objective of this study was (1) quantify N₂ fixation in sole and mixed cropped cowpea, (2) To access nutrient assimilation by component species in the cropping system, and (3) to determine the effects of cropping system on C metabolites. At harvest the dry mass of both cowpea and maize were highest in sole crops. There was a significant difference in % nitrogen of maize and cowpea plants from the different cropping systems. Total nitrogen content was highest in sole cropped maize and cowpea plants with sole cowpea fixing the most N₂. δ¹⁵N values were lower for the shoots of symbiotic cowpea compared to the maize. Root δ¹⁵N values were also generally lower in cowpea than in maize. The %N derived from fixation (Ndfa) was similar for sole, intra and intercropped cowpea. However the amount of N fixed was significantly greater in sole cowpea compared to intra- and intercropped cowpea. When nutrient uptake and assimilation was assessed in the cropping system, it was found that mineral elements such as Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and B occurred in significantly greater concentrations in the N₂-fixing legume compared to the cereal partner. However the concentration of soluble sugars and starch remained the same for both shoot and roots of cowpea and maize plants in the cropping system.

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Books on the topic "Maize management; cropping systems"

Buckles, Daniel. Intensifying maize-based cropping systems in the Sierra de Santa Marta, Veracruz. Mexico, D.F: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, 1996.

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Quiamco, Madeline B. Integrated pest management in rice-vegetable cropping systems. Edited by Alberto Ronaldo T, Philippine Rice Research Institute, and Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program. Science City of Muños, Nueva Ecija, Philippines: Philippine Rice Research Institute, 2007.

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Organic weed management. White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Pub., 2002.

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W, Norman D., Dixon J. M, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Sustainable dryland cropping in relation to soil productivity. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1995.

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Mahajan, Anil. Integrated nutrient management (INM) in a sustainable rice-wheat cropping system. [New York]: Springer, 2009.

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Westfall, Dwayne G. Sustainable dryland agroecosystem management. Fort Collins, Colo.]: Colorado State University, Agriculture Experiment Station, Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, 2004.

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Nōrin Suisanshō Nōgyō Kenkyū Sentā (Japan). "Suiden Hatasaku" Kenkyū Suiden Riyō Hōshiki Bunkakai. Suiden riyō hōshiki no ruikei sakutei: Sagyō kasetsu moderu. [Ibaraki-ken Tsukuba-gun Yatabe-machi]: Nōgyō Kenkyū Sentā, 1988.

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Kar, Gouranga. Productive and profitable management of rainfed lowland rice area through intensive cropping and efficient water use. Bhubaneswar: Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2008.

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Admassie, Assefa. Analysis of production efficiency and the use of modern technology in crop production: A study of smallholders in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Kiel: Vauk, 1995.

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Mandal, M. A. S. An economic analysis of designed versus farmer's cropping patterns in two villages in Mymensingh. Mymensingh: Bureau of Socioeconomic Research and Training, Bangladesh Agricultural University, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Maize management; cropping systems"

Njira, Keston O. W., Ernest Semu, Jerome P. Mrema, and Patson C. Nalivata. "Integrated Soil Fertility Management Based on Pigeon Pea and Cowpea Cropping Systems Influences Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Yields and Quality of Subsequent Maize on Alfisols in Central Malawi." In Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa, 93–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37537-9_5.

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Blanco-Canqui, Humberto, and Rattan Lal. "Cropping Systems." In Principles of Soil Conservation and Management, 165–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8709-7_7.

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Gweyi-Onyango, Joseph P., Michael Ajanja Sakha, and Joyce Jefwa. "Agricultural Interventions to Enhance Climate Change Adaptation of Underutilized Root and Tuber Crops." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 61–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_40.

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AbstractAgricultural intensification worldwide is increasingly relying on a narrow range of crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. The reliability on this relatively small numbers of food diversities raises a very serious concern about the sustainability managing our nutrition today and in the future. We conducted a scoping review using online databases to identify various agricultural interventions that can be utilized for enhancement of underutilized root and tuber crops adaptability under the current observable effects of climate change. This is because reports of underutilized crops’ adaptability to climate change continues to remain anecdotal with limited research capacity to support them. The results mooted a wide range of crop production techniques that can be utilized in production of root and tuber crops. They includes biofertilizers, tied ridging method, improved seed varieties, management of community seed banks, cropping systems, irrigation methods, exploiting abandoned lands, agroforestry practice, clean seed production technologies, and nutrient use efficiency. Based on the findings, each of these interventions plays different roles in management of the negative impacts brought up by climate change and thus they would be useful when adopted in combination since package adoption would enable farmers to benefit from the positive synergy of the selected interventions. The interventions are therefore recommended not only for sustainability but also for profitable production to meet feed, food, energy, and fiber needs and foster economic growth in the ever changing world. Therefore this chapter contributes immensely towards the development of innovative mechanisms for strengthening the resilience of root and tuber crop.

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Kibunja, C. N., F. B. Mwaura, D. N. Mugendi, P. T. Gicheru, J. W. Wamuongo, and A. Bationo. "Strategies for Maintenance and Improvement of Soil Productivity Under Continuous Maize and Beans Cropping System in the Sub-humid Highlands of Kenya: Case Study of the Long-Term Trial at Kabete." In Lessons learned from Long-term Soil Fertility Management Experiments in Africa, 59–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2938-4_4.

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Litsinger, J. A., and Keith Moody. "Integrated Pest Management in Multiple Cropping Systems." In Multiple Cropping, 293–316. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub27.c15.

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Whitmore, J. S. "Cropping Systems for Moisture Economy." In Drought Management on Farmland, 64–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9562-9_7.

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Walsh, Michael. "Weed Management in Dryland Cropping Systems." In Innovations in Dryland Agriculture, 99–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47928-6_4.

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Sanginga, Nteranya, J. Ade Okogun, Bernard Vanlauwe, Jan Diels, Robert J. Carsky, and Ken Dashiell. "Nitrogen Contribution of Promiscuous Soybeans in Maize-Based Cropping Systems." In Sustaining Soil Fertility in West Africa, 157–77. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub58.ch8.

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Dare, Michael Olajire, J. A. Soremekun, F. O. Inana, O. S. Adenuga, and G. A. Ajiboye. "Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Under Different Maize Cropping Systems." In Soil Carbon, 305–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_32.

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Das, P. K. "11. Coconut-based Cropping Systems in India and Sri Lanka." In Modern Coconut Management, 277–88. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445502.011.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maize management; cropping systems"

Oster, J. D., S. Kaffka, M. C. Shannon, and K. Knapp. "Cropping Systems for Utilization of Saline-Sodic Irrigation Waters." In Watershed Management and Operations Management Conferences 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)141.

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Al-Kaisi, Mahdi, and Mark A. Licht. "Assessment of Cropping Systems Effect on Soil Organic Matter in Iowa." In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-702.

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Marconi, Thiago G., Sungchan Oh, Akash Ashapure, Anjin Chang, Jinha Jung, Juan Landivar, and Juan Enciso. "Application of unmanned aerial system for management of tomato cropping system." In Autonomous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping IV, edited by J. Alex Thomasson, Mac McKee, and Robert J. Moorhead. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2518955.

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Wu, Dafu, Hongwei Chen, Yanbing Wu, and S. J. Chapman. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Application under Double Cropping Systems of Wheat-Maize Impacting on the Nitrate Contents of Ground Water in North China." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516362.

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Castellano, Michael J., Matthew J. Helmers, John E. Sawyer, Daniel W. Barker, and Laura Christianson. "Nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus balances in Iowa cropping systems: Sustaining the soil resource." In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-272.

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Timothy M Harrigan, Sieglinde S Snapp, Dale R Mutch, Richard H Leep, and Natalie Rector. "Manure Slurry-Enriched Seeding of Cover Crops in Diverse Cropping Systems." In International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture, 16-19 September 2007, Broomfield, Colorado. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23808.

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Aquino, Heinrick L., Ronnie S. Concepcion, Elmer P. Dadios, Edwin Sybingco, and Argel A. Bandala. "Trend Forecasting of Computer Vision Application in Aquaponic Cropping Systems Industry." In 2020 IEEE 12th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hnicem51456.2020.9400070.

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Liebman, Matt. "Diversified weed management tactics in diversified cropping systems: Foundations for durable crop production and protection." In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-69.

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Mallarino, Antonio P., Mazhar U. Haq, Matthew J. Helmers, Aaron A. Andrews, Carl Pederson, and Ryan Rusk. "Tillage, cropping, harvest, and nutrient management systems impacts on phosphorus loss with surface runoff: A research update." In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-267.

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Orsini, Roberto, Marco Fiorentini, and Stefano Zenobi. "Testing vegetation index categories as influenced by soil management and nitrogen fertilization in cereal based cropping systems." In 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor.2019.8909216.

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Reports on the topic "Maize management; cropping systems"

Reisner, Jodie. Adaptation Workbook Case Study: Kettner Farm, Mulshoe, TX. Climate Hub, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2019.6875755.ch.

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The Adaptation Resources for Agriculture Workbook was jointly developed by USDA Climate Hubs and NRCS to support producers, service providers, and educators to manage climate change. The workbook helps producers consider both short-term adaptive management actions (<5 yrs) and long-range strategic plans (5 to 20 yrs, subject to farm type). This workbook pro-motes adaptation through multiple resources including a “menu” of adaptation strategies/approaches and example tactics for cropping and forages, confined livestock, grazing, orchards and small fruit and vegetable production systems. Recent efforts by USDA Climate Hub NRCS Liaisons work to increase the number of examples, and have been documented as Case Studies. These Case Studies are of producers utilizing the 5-step process in the workbook to document their management choices to ameliorate climate change impacts to their operations.

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