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Journal articles on the topic 'Maize plant'
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1
Morgado, Luiz Balbino, and Robert William Willey. "Optimum plant population for maize-bean intercropping system in the Brazilian semi-arid region." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 5 (2008): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000500005.
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Establishment of the ideal number of plant is a crucial point for obtaining maximum profits while cropping different species together. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different plant populations of maize and beans, at two nitrogen levels, on the performance of the component crops. Two maize (20,000 and 40,000 plants ha¹) and three bean (30,000; 60,000 and 90,000 plants ha¹) populations were tested in a randomized complete block design with tree replicates. Grain yields of maize and beans were affected by intercropping and the effect was more detrimental to the legume mainly at the highest maize plant population. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to maize rows mitigated intercropping effect on maize at higher population (40,000 plants ha¹) and, at lower maize plant population (20,000 plants ha¹), benefited the associated beans by increasing grain yields. Land Equivalent Ratio values for grain yields of maize and beans showed that intercropping compared to sole cropping is advantageous and best indices were obtained at a bean plant population of 60,000 plants ha¹.
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Batista, Vanderson Vieira, Paulo Fernando Adami, Karine Fuschter Oligini, Carlos Andre Barhy, Laércio Ricardo Sartor, and Pedro Valério Dutra de Moraes. "Maize-soybean intercrop silage yield and quality with different nitrogen levels and plant population." June 2021, no. 15(06):2021 (June 10, 2021): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2986.
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This study hypothesizes that maize-soybean intercrop with lower maize plant population and nitrogen levels can allow better soybean development and yield, which may offset lower maize biomass and silage crude protein yield. Experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with three replications. Treatments consisted of two different maize-soybean plant stand (40,000 and 60,000 plants ha-1) and five nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1). As a result, soybean biomass yield increased at the lower maize plant stand, although, maize and total (maize + soybean) biomass yield were higher at the greater maize plant stand. Thus, individual maize plants and total dry matter yield increased as nitrogen levels were increased. However, there was no effect of the studied factors on the silage crude protein yield per area, indicating a great potential of soybean to offset biomass yield reduction trough silage quality improvement. Moreover, since there was no difference on total silage crude protein yield per hectare, it is suggested that the adoption of maize-soybean intercrop with lower maize plant stand (40 thousand maize plants ha-1) and with lower nitrogen values is a more environmentally friendly approach to increase farmland sustainability while decreasing environmental and productivity costs. Intermediate levels may be evaluated in future studies
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Harso, Wahyu, Isna Isna, and Yusran Yusran. "PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG ( Zea mays L.) MENGGUNAKAN JAMUR MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR DARI JENIS YANG BERBEDA PADA KONDISI CEKAMAN AIR." Biocelebes 14, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/bioceb.v14i1.15081.
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Arbsucular mycorrhizal fungi promote plant growth by enhancing mineral uptake. Contribution degree of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote plant growth depend on species of plant-fungus association. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of three species of Glomus to promote maize plant growth. Maize plants were inoculated with 20 g inoculum of either Glomus deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, or Glomus clorum. Inoculum was soil containing spore, hyphae and infected root. Maize plants without addition inoculum were also used as a control. Water availability in the soil as growing medium was maintained on 40% field capacity. The results showed that addition of inoculum from three species of Glomus increased average of maize plant shoot dry weight although there was no statisticaly significant differences. Maize plant inoculated with G. clorum had higher shoot dry weight than maize plant inoculated either with G. etunicatum or G. deserticola while root colonization by G. clorum was lowest.
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Hu, L., P. Mateo, M. Ye, X. Zhang, J. D. Berset, V. Handrick, D. Radisch, et al. "Plant iron acquisition strategy exploited by an insect herbivore." Science 361, no. 6403 (August 16, 2018): 694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat4082.
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Insect herbivores depend on their host plants to acquire macro- and micronutrients. Here we asked how a specialist herbivore and damaging maize pest, the western corn rootworm, finds and accesses plant-derived micronutrients. We show that the root-feeding larvae use complexes between iron and benzoxazinoid secondary metabolites to identify maize as a host, to forage within the maize root system, and to increase their growth. Maize plants use these same benzoxazinoids for protection against generalist herbivores and, as shown here, for iron uptake. We identify an iron transporter that allows the corn rootworm to benefit from complexes between iron and benzoxazinoids. Thus, foraging for an essential plant-derived complex between a micronutrient and a secondary metabolite shapes the interaction between maize and a specialist herbivore.
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Baron, Noemi Carla, Andressa de Souza Pollo, and Everlon Cid Rigobelo. "Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium marquandii as plant growth-promoting fungi." PeerJ 8 (May 27, 2020): e9005. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9005.
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Background Especially on commodities crops like soybean, maize, cotton, coffee and others, high yields are reached mainly by the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. The biological management of crops is a relatively recent concept, and its application has increased expectations about a more sustainable agriculture. The use of fungi as plant bioinoculants has proven to be a useful alternative in this process, and research is deepening on genera and species with some already known potential. In this context, the present study focused on the analysis of the plant growth promotion potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Purpureocillium lavendulum and Metarhizium marquandii aiming its use as bioinoculants in maize, bean and soybean. Methods Purpureocillium spp. and M. marquandii strains were isolated from soil samples. They were screened for their ability to solubilize phosphorus (P) and produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the most promising strains were tested at greenhouse in maize, bean and soybean plants. Growth promotion parameters including plant height, dry mass and contents of P and nitrogen (N) in the plants and in the rhizospheric soil were assessed. Results Thirty strains were recovered and characterized as Purpureocillium lilacinum (25), Purpureocillium lavendulum (4) and Metarhizium marquandii (1). From the trial for P solubilization and IAA production, seven strains were selected and inoculated in maize, bean and soybean plants. These strains were able to modify in a different way the evaluated parameters involving plant growth in each crop, and some strains distinctly increased the availability of P and N, for the last, an uncommon occurrence involving these fungi. Moreover, the expected changes identified at the in vitro analysis were not necessarily found in planta. In addition, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of the isolated inoculation of these fungi on the growth promotion of maize, bean and soybean plants.
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Zhou, Longfei, Xiaohe Gu, Shu Cheng, Guijun Yang, Meiyan Shu, and Qian Sun. "Analysis of Plant Height Changes of Lodged Maize Using UAV-LiDAR Data." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050146.
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Lodging stress seriously affects the yield, quality, and mechanical harvesting of maize, and is a major natural disaster causing maize yield reduction. The aim of this study was to obtain light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data of lodged maize using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a RIEGL VUX-1UAV sensor to analyze changes in the vertical structure of maize plants with different degrees of lodging, and thus to use plant height to quantitatively study maize lodging. Based on the UAV-LiDAR data, the height of the maize canopy was retrieved using a canopy height model to determine the height of the lodged maize canopy at different times. The profiles were analyzed to assess changes in maize plant height with different degrees of lodging. The differences in plant height growth of maize with different degrees of lodging were evaluated to determine the plant height recovery ability of maize with different degrees of lodging. Furthermore, the correlation between plant heights measured on the ground and LiDAR-estimated plant heights was used to verify the accuracy of plant height estimation. The results show that UAV-LiDAR data can be used to achieve maize canopy height estimation, with plant height estimation accuracy parameters of R2 = 0.964, RMSE = 0.127, and nRMSE = 7.449%. Thus, it can reflect changes of plant height of lodging maize and the recovery ability of plant height of different lodging types. Plant height can be used to quantitatively evaluate the lodging degree of maize. Studies have shown that the use of UAV-LiDAR data can effectively estimate plant heights and confirm the feasibility of LiDAR data in crop lodging monitoring.
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Jha, Yachana. "Cell water content and lignification in maize regulated by rhizobacteria under salinity." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 7 (2017): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.040702.
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Inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium in maize plant under salinity stress was analyzed for its growth promotion efficacy and induction of physiological mechanism. In this study effect of these isolates were focused on the cellular level as with lignin deposition, cell wall lignin content and cell water status of maize under salinity. Maize plants get protected from the salinity induced injury by enhancing the plant growth, regulating relative water content, enhancing phenols, flavonoids as well as lignification of cell and antioxidant enzymes also. The study states that, PGPR helps in maize plant under salinity to increase the cell membrane stability, plays a significant action in the directive of cell permeability for the survival of plants. Nevertheless, the cell wall bounded peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity reduced with gradual increase soil in non-inoculated plants. So plants inoculated with selected root-associated bacteria has a positive response on cell content and water status in maize under salinity.
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Mei, Xiupeng, Jin Nan, Zikun Zhao, Shun Yao, Wenqin Wang, Yang Yang, Yang Bai, Erfei Dong, Chaoxian Liu, and Yilin Cai. "Maize transcription factor ZmNF-YC13 regulates plant architecture." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 13 (April 8, 2021): 4757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab157.
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Abstract Leaf angle and leaf orientation value (LOV) are critical agronomic traits for maize plant architecture. The functions of NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) members in regulating plant architecture have not been reported yet. Here, we identified a regulator of maize plant architecture, NF-Y subunit C13 (ZmNF-YC13). ZmNF-YC13 was highly expressed in the leaf base zone of maize plants. ZmNF-YC13 overexpressing plants showed upright leaves with narrow leaf angle and larger LOV, while ZmNF-YC13 knockout plants had larger leaf angle and smaller LOV compared with wild-type plants. The changes in plant architecture were due to the changes in the expression of cytochrome P450 family members. ZmNF-YC13 interacts with two NF-Y subunit B members (ZmNF-YB9 and ZmNF-YB10) of the LEAFY COTYLEDON1 sub-family, and further recruits NF-Y subunit A (ZmNF-YA3) to form two NF-Y complexes. The two complexes can both activate the promoters of transcriptional repressors (ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2), and the promoters of PLASTOCHRON group genes can be repressed by ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2 in maize protoplasts. We propose that ZmNF-YC13 functions as a transcriptional regulator and, together with ZmNF-YBs and ZmNF-YA3, affects plant architecture by regulating the expression of ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2, which repress the expression of cytochrome P450 family members in PLASTOCHRON branch.
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Wu, Jingrui, Shai J. Lawit, Ben Weers, Jindong Sun, Nick Mongar, John Van Hemert, Rosana Melo, et al. "Overexpression of zmm28 increases maize grain yield in the field." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 47 (November 4, 2019): 23850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902593116.
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Increasing maize grain yield has been a major focus of both plant breeding and genetic engineering to meet the global demand for food, feed, and industrial uses. We report that increasing and extending expression of a maize MADS-box transcription factor gene, zmm28, under the control of a moderate-constitutive maize promoter, results in maize plants with increased plant growth, photosynthesis capacity, and nitrogen utilization. Molecular and biochemical characterization of zmm28 transgenic plants demonstrated that their enhanced agronomic traits are associated with elevated plant carbon assimilation, nitrogen utilization, and plant growth. Overall, these positive attributes are associated with a significant increase in grain yield relative to wild-type controls that is consistent across years, environments, and elite germplasm backgrounds.
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Li, J., R. Z. Xie, K. R. Wang, P. Hou, B. Ming, G. Q. Zhang, G. Z. Liu, M. Wu, Z. S. Yang, and S. K. Li. "Response of canopy structure, light interception and grain yield to plant density in maize." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 6 (August 2018): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000692.
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AbstractGood canopy structure is essential for optimal maize (Zea mays L.) production. However, creating appropriate maize canopy structure can be difficult, because the characteristics of individual plants are altered by changes in plant age, density and interactions with neighbouring plants. The objective of the current study was to find a reliable method for building good maize canopy structure by analysing changes in canopy structure, light distribution and grain yield (GY). A modern maize cultivar (ZhengDan958) was planted at 12 densities ranging from 1.5 to 18 plants/m2 at two field locations in Xinjiang, China. At the silking stage (R1), plant and ear height increased with plant density as well as leaf area index (LAI), whereas leaf area per plant decreased logarithmically. The fraction of light intercepted by the plant (F) increased with increasing plant density, but the light extinction coefficient (K) decreased linearly from 0.61 to 0.39. Taking the optimum value of F (95%) as an example, and using measured values of K for each plant density at R1 and the equation from Beer's law, the corresponding (theoretical) LAI for each plant density was calculated and optimum plant density (9.72 plants/m2) obtained by calculating the difference between theoretical LAIs and actual observations. Further analysis showed that plant density ranging from 10.64 to 11.55 plants/m2 yielded a stable GY range. Therefore, taking into account the persistence time for maximum LAI, the plant density required to obtain an ideal GY maize canopy structure should be increased by 10–18% from 9.72 plants/m2.
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Acevedo, Flor E., Michelle Peiffer, Ching-Wen Tan, Bruce A. Stanley, Anne Stanley, Jie Wang, Asher G. Jones, et al. "Fall Armyworm-Associated Gut Bacteria Modulate Plant Defense Responses." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 30, no. 2 (February 2017): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0240-r.
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Mechanical damage caused by insect feeding along with components present in insect saliva and oral secretions are known to induce jasmonic acid–mediated defense responses in plants. This study investigated the effects of bacteria from oral secretions of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda on herbivore-induced defenses in tomato and maize plants. Using culture-dependent methods, we identified seven different bacterial isolates belonging to the family Enterobacteriacea from the oral secretions of field-collected caterpillars. Two isolates, Pantoea ananatis and Enterobacteriaceae-1, downregulated the activity of the plant defensive proteins polyphenol oxidase and trypsin proteinase inhibitors (trypsin PI) but upregulated peroxidase (POX) activity in tomato. A Raoultella sp. and a Klebsiella sp. downregulated POX but upregulated trypsin PI in this plant species. Conversely, all of these bacterial isolates upregulated the expression of the herbivore-induced maize proteinase inhibitor (mpi) gene in maize. Plant treatment with P. ananatis and Enterobacteriaceae-1 enhanced caterpillar growth on tomato but diminished their growth on maize plants. Our results highlight the importance of herbivore-associated microbes and their ability to mediate insect plant interactions differently in host plants fed on by the same herbivore.
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Olajide, Olajide Blessing, Odeniyi Olufemi Ayodeji, Olabiyi Olatunji Coker, Adewale Joseph Adekunle, and Yakubani Yakubu. "A Fuzzy Inference System for Maize Plant Yield Prediction." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 11 (September 30, 2021): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k9493.09101121.
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Ascertaining infections in maize plants is through observation of the crop plant for visual indications which a farmer is able to relate to specific diseases. The perception of the farmer is prone to human error which may sometimes link some symptoms to the wrong disease and could impact the application of suitable preventive and curable routines to combat the identified diseases. Hence, accurate identification of crop plant disease is of high importance to a farmer to aid response to diseases. The objective of this article is to apply fuzzy set and interpolation technique to develop an expert system to carry out field-based identification and yield forecast for the maize plant. For this study, some associated factors were recognized for maize plant diseases and confirmed by a professional Botanists. For this study, a number of associated factors were identified for maize plant diseases and validated by experienced Botanists. Further to this, triangular membership functions was used to develop the fuzzy inference system model following the preprocessing of identified factors and related output. 32 inferred rules were formulated using IF-THEN statements which adopted the values of the factors as antecedent and the yield of maize plant as the consequent part of each rule for classification of the yield of maize plant. The Fuzzy model was simulated for each of the identified five factors. The simulation results showed that the risk factors identified; black moldy growth on kernels and ears, blights on leaves, rotten cobs, infected husks and black kernels and seed decay have noticeable influence on the maize plant yield if timely remedy is not administered. The study established that the utilisation of fuzzy technique is helpful to appraise the yield of maize such that the lesser the manifestation of identified associated features then the higher the yield of the maize plant.
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Njoka, E. M., M. M. Muraya, and M. Okumu. "Plant density and thinning regime effect on maize (Zea mays) grain and fodder yield." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 12 (2004): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03015.
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Maize (Zea mays L.) plant density is an important management practice for successful grain and forage production. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable maize seeding and time of thinning maize as fodder in grain maize crops. Previously the focus in this area has been on grain and silage production, and consequently information on the production of fodder in grain maize crops is limited. This study therefore aims to investigate the growth of high density maize for fodder production through thinning and subsequent grain yield. A plant density experiment in randomised complete block design was carried out at Egerton University, Njoro, using a Kenyan hybrid (H511) where 4 densities (44 444, 88 888, 177 777 and 355 555 plants/ha) and 4 thinning regimes (V4, V6, V10 and VT phenological stages) were used. The densities vary through number of seed per hill (i.e. 1, 2, 4 and 8 seeds/hill, not row or plant spacing) and spacing of 30 cm between the hills within the row and 75 cm between the rows was used. Maize plants were thinned following the appropriate thinning regime to leave 1 plant per hill, giving a plant density of 44 444 plants/ha in all treatments after thinning. Their biomass was then determined. The single plants per hill left, as a normal farmers practice, were used to determine grain yield at harvest. Plant density of 355 552 plants/ha, with a treatment structure of 4 seeds/hill and thinned at the VT phenological stage gave the highest thinning biomass per hectare, while 44 444 plants/ha, with a treatment structure of 1 seed/hill and no thinning, gave the highest grain yield. The thinning regime of the V10 phenological stage and 2 seeds/hill thinned at the VT phenological stage gave appreciable amount of fodder and grain yields. This study has shown that with particular seeding densities and thinning regimes, production of both fodder and grain is possible.
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Martinez-Perez, E. "PLANT SCIENCES: Promiscuous Maize Chromosomes." Science 303, no. 5654 (January 2, 2004): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1093532.
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Jiang, N., and F. Schulthess. "The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application to maize and sorghum on the bionomics of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the performance of its larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 95, no. 6 (December 2005): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2005381.
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AbstractLaboratory and field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of plant species (maize, sorghum), plant age (young, middle, old) and four different nitrogen fertilization levels (N0–N3) on the bionomics of the invasive crambid Chilo partellus and the performance of its braconid larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes. Plant N varied significantly between N0 and N1–N3, but the differences among the latter were not significant. Intrinsic rates of increase and net-reproductive rates of C. partellus followed the same trends: they were lowest with N0 and similar among the other treatments. On maize only, mortality of C. partellus and parasitism by C. flavipes tended to decrease with age of the plant while the percentage of borers reaching adulthood (i.e. pupation) increased. Borer mortality and parasitism was lower and pupation higher on sorghum than on maize. On both host plants, percent dry matter content of frass, which could affect ingress of the parasitoid into the borer tunnel, did not vary with nitrogen level but varied with age of the host plants: on maize, it was highest on young plants and on sorghum on old plants. Tunnels were shorter on young maize and sorghum plants; longer tunnels on older plants indicated compensatory feeding by the larva as a result of lower nutritive value of the food source. Consequently, larval weight was lower on older than younger plants. The level of nitrogen fertilization had no effect on food conversion efficiency of C. partellus. Nitrogen did not affect number of C. flavipes progeny while egg load of progeny increased significantly with nitrogen level, on both plant species. Differences in egg load between sorghum and maize were mostly not significant. It was concluded that on depleted soils only, an increase in nitrogen via mulching, rotation with a leguminous crop or fertilization would increase survival of C. partellus on both maize and sorghum and an increase in acreage of maize and in application of nitrogen fertilizer in an area would also increase the parasitism of C. flavipes.
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Tatik, Andrayani Endang, and Wayan Wangiyana. "Addition of silicate or organic fertilizer increases growth and yield of several varieties of maize in East Lombok, Indonesia." Journal of Sustainable Dryland Agricultural Systems 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/josdas.v1i1.48.
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Many have reported that application of Silicon (Si) can alleviate environmental stress and increase grain yield of maize plants under stresses. This study aimed to examine the effects of adding organic or silicate fertilizer on several varieties of maize in rainfed area during a dry season, by conducting field experiment designed with Randomized Complete Block Design testing two treatment factors, i.e. maize varieties (V1= Bisi-2, V2= Srikandi, V3= Pioneer-27) and fertilizer combinations (F1= NPK only, F2= NPK+organic, F3= NPK+silicate). Results indicated that there were significant effects of fertilizer combinations and varieties on growth and yield of several maize varieties, in which the mean values were highest in maize plants fertilized with NPK+silicate fertilizers, except harvest index. Among the varieties, Pioneer-27 (hybrid) yielded the highest followed by Srikandi (open-pollinated) and Bisi-2 (hybrid) yielded the lowest grain weight per plant. However, there were interaction effects of the treatment factors, meaning that there were different responses between varieties of maize to application of organic or silicate fertilizer in addition to NPK fertilizer in terms of plant height, AGR (average growth rate) of plant height and dry grain yield per plant. Grain yield per plant of Pioneer-27 could be increased with application of organic (150.79 g/plant) or silicate (189.43 g/plant) compared with NPK only (133.99 g/plant), while that of Srikandi and Bisi-2 could only be increased by addition of silicate (113.83 g/plant in Srikandi and 103 g/plant in Bisi-2) compared with NPK only (93.77 g/plant in Srikandi and 82.59 g/plant in Bisi-2).
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Shrestha, Jiban, Deo Nath Yadav, Lal Prasad Amgain, and Jhanka Prasad Sharma. "Effects of Nitrogen and Plant Density on Maize (Zea mays L.) Phenology and Grain Yield." Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.2.06.
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Nitrogen fertilizer and plant density are considered some of the most important factors affecting phenology and grain yield of maize. Therefore, current study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and plant density on phenology (days to tasseling, silking and maturity) and grain yield of maize (Variety: Rampur Composite) at Mangalpur VDC-3, Anandapur, Chitwan, Nepal during 2006-07 winter season. The five levels of nitrogen as 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha and three levels of the plant population as 55555, 66666 and 83333 plants/ha were evaluated using two factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The days of flowering (tasseling and silking) decreased with increasing nitrogen level up to 200 kg N/ha and increased with increasing level of plant population up to 83333 plants/ha). Physiological maturity and grain yield increased with increasing level of nitrogen up to 200 kg N/ha and plant population up to 83333 plants/ha. The highest grain yield (6925.79 kg/ha) was obtained with 200 kg N/ha + 66666 plants/ha. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating maize with the use of 200 kg N/ha and maintaining the plant density of 66666 plants/ha.
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Murrell, Ebony G., Swayamjit Ray, Mary E. Lemmon, Dawn S. Luthe, and Jason P. Kaye. "Cover crop species affect mycorrhizae-mediated nutrient uptake and pest resistance in maize." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 5 (February 18, 2019): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170519000061.
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AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant nutrient uptake and chemical defense production, both of which can improve plants’ ability to resist insect herbivory. Cover crops—non-commercial species planted in between cash crops in a crop rotation—can naturally alter both soil nutrients and AMF. We tested whether different cover crop species alter AMF colonization, plant nutrient status and plant–insect interactions in a subsequent maize crop. Cover crop species were either non-mycorrhizal, non-leguminous (canola, forage radish), mycorrhizal non-leguminous (cereal rye, oats), mycorrhizal leguminous (clover, pea) or absent (fallow). We measured the cascading consequences of cover crop treatment on maize root AMF colonization, maize growth and performance of an herbivorous insect (European corn borer) feeding on the maize. Maize AMF colonization was greater in plots previously planted with mycorrhizal (rye, oats) than non-mycorrhizal (canola, radish) cover crops or no cover crop (fallow). AMF colonization was linked to increased plant phosphorous and nitrogen, and maize growth increased with low plant N:P. Induced jasmonic acid pathway plant defenses increased with increasing maize growth and AMF colonization. European corn borer survivorship decreased with lower plant N:P, and insect development rate decreased with increased induced plant defenses. Our data describe a cascade in which cover crop species selection can increase or decrease mycorrhizal colonization of subsequent maize crop roots, which in turn impacts phosphorus uptake and may affect herbivory resistance in the maize. These results suggest that farmers could select cover crop species to manage nutrient uptake and pest resistance, in order to amend or limit fertilizer and pesticide use.
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BEN, LUIS HUMBERTO BAHÚ, MARCIA XAVIER PEITER, ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA, ANA RITA COSTENARO PARIZI, and GIDEON UJACOV DA SILVA. "INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION LEVELS AND PLANT DENSITY ON "SECOND-SEASON" MAIZE." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 3 (September 2016): 665–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n317rc.
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ABSTRACT This study assessed the effect of different irrigation levels and plant densities on maize crops cultivated during the second season in the Western Border region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. This work was conducted at the Federal Institute of Farroupilha - Alegrete Campus/RS - between January and June 2014. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized 5 × 4 factorial design, with 3 replicates each. Irrigation of fixed amounts of water that were based on the evapotranspiration of the culture (Etc): 0, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of Etc were applied at 5-day intervals. Four densities of plants were defined (4, 7, 10, and 13 plants m-2). We assessed number of maize ears per plant, number of grains per ear, aboveground dry matter, mass of 100 grains, harvest index, and grain productivity. The number of grains per ear, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were influenced by irrigation levels. Plant density and water depth influenced the number of grains per ear, the mass of 100 grains, and grain productivity. The highest yield of winter maize grain was achieved with a combination of 13 plants per m-2 and an irrigation level of 100% of Etc. Specific densities of plants maximized the yield of maize at each irrigation level, demonstrating that choice of plant density is a critical variable in the second crop of maize, and significantly influences the components of production.
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Harsan, Prihastuti, Arie Qurania, and Karina Damayanti. "Maize Plant Desease Identification (Zea Mays L. Saccharata) Using Image Processing and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-Nn)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.20 (September 1, 2018): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.20581.
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Plant pests of maize are known to attack in all phases of corn plant growth (Zea mays L. saccharata), both vegetative and generative. Common pests found in maize are seed flies (Atherigona sp.), Stem borers (Ostrinia furnacalis), Boricoverpa armigera, leaf-eaters (Spodoptera litura). The process of identification of maize plant disease is done through laboratory analysis and direct observation. The time required to obtain the identification result is 4 (four) months. Plant pests will attack some parts of the plant, including leaves, stems and fruit. Early detection is usually done through leaves. Plant pests will attack the plant leaf area with certain characteristics. Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. Identification of maize plant disease can apply image processing techniques through the characteristics or symptoms of disease raised on the leaves. Characteristic of attacks by pests in maize plants can be detected through the colors and patterns that appear on the leaves. This research performs implementation of digital image processing method to identify disease in maize plant caused by pest. The disease is Hawar Leaf, Bulai (Downy Midew), Hama Grasshopper, Leaf Spot (Sourthern Leaf Blight). Through color and edge detection, the accuracy obtained is 91.7%.
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Lawit, Shai J., Heidi M. Wych, Deping Xu, Suman Kundu, and Dwight T. Tomes. "Maize DELLA Proteins dwarf plant8 and dwarf plant9 as Modulators of Plant Development." Plant and Cell Physiology 51, no. 11 (October 11, 2010): 1854–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcq153.
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Górecka, Julia, Monika Godzina, and Zbigniew Dąbrowski. "Effect of Bt Maize Mon 810 Expressing Cry 1 Ab Toxin on Aphidius Colemani in Tritrophic Plant - Herbivore - Parasitoid System." Journal of Plant Protection Research 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-008-0013-x.
Full textAbstract:
Effect of Bt Maize Mon 810 Expressing Cry 1 Ab Toxin onAphidius Colemaniin Tritrophic Plant - Herbivore - Parasitoid SystemEffect of Bt maize MON 810 expressing Cry 1 Ab toxin on braconidAphidius colemaniin tritrophic plant - herbivore - parasitoid system was studied under greenhouse conditions by rearing the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) on genetically modified maize cultivar DKc 307 (MON 810) and its isogenic parent cultivar - Monumental of Monsanto Ltd.R. padiaphids reached higher population level when maintained on Bt-maize cultivar DKc 307 (MON 810) than on its isogenic parent cultivar - Monumental both in the winter and summer experiments. The braconidA. colemanideveloped higher population onR. padiaphid population feeding on Bt maize plants in the summer experiment and on non-Bt plants in the winter experiment. The observed effect of season on parasitation level byA. colemanionR. padihost feeding on Bt and non-Bt maize plants indicates that results obtained in a single greenhouse experiment may lead to questionable conclusions and should be confirmed by other experiments.
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SILVA, Krisle da, Liamara PERIN, Maria de Lourdes GOMES, Alexandre Cardoso BARAÚNA, Gilmara Maria Duarte PEREIRA, Cátia Aparecida MOSQUEIRA, Ismaele Breckenfeld da COSTA, Graham O'HARA, and Jerri Édson ZILLI. "Diversity and capacity to promote maize growth of bacteria isolated from the Amazon region." Acta Amazonica 46, no. 2 (June 2016): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201502502.
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ABSTRACT Maize plants can establish beneficial associations with plant growth-promoting bacteria. However, few studies have been conducted on the characterization and inoculation of these bacteria in the Amazon region. This study aimed to characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from maize in the Amazon region and to assess their capacity to promote plant growth. Fifty-five bacterial isolates were obtained from maize grown in two types of ecosystems, i.e., a cerrado (savanna) and a forest area. The isolates were characterized by the presence of the nifH gene, their ability to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and solubilize calcium phosphate (CaHPO4), and 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. Twenty-four bacteria contained the nifH gene, of which seven were isolated from maize plants cultivated in a cerrado area and seventeen from a forest area. Fourteen samples showed the capacity to synthesize IAA and only four solubilized calcium phosphate. The following genera were found among these isolates: Pseudomonas; Acinetobacter; Enterobacter; Pantoea; Burkholderia and Bacillus. In addition, eight isolates with plant growth-promoting capacity were selected for a glasshouse experiment involving the inoculation of two maize genotypes (a hybrid and a variety) grown in pots containing soil. Inoculation promoted the development of the maize plants but no significant interaction between maize cultivar and bacterial inoculation was found. A high diversity of endophytic bacteria is present in the Amazon region and these bacteria have potential to promote the development of maize plants.
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Hayati, Oktivani D. P., Erma Prihastanti, and Endah D. Hastuti. "Kombinasi Pupuk Nanosilika dan NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L var. pioneer 21)." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.896.
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Maize is one of food commodity in Indonesia. Maize pioneer 21 is a kind of high-yielding maize variety in Indonesia. One of the way able to be conducted to improve growth of maize plant is with fertilizing combination of nanosilica and NPK. This research aim to know the influence of fertilizing combination of nanosilica and NPK toward improving growth of maize plant and to know optimal concentration of combination nanosilica fertilizer and NPK in corn plants growth. Nanosilica is fertilizer that contains micronutrients Si while the NPK fertilizer contains macro nutrients NPK. Research conducted with Completely Ramdomized Design (CRD) with 6 combination factor: P0 (control), P1 (100% nanosilica), P2 (75% nanosilica + 25% NPK), P3 (50% nanosilica + 50% NPK), P4 (25% nanosilica + 75% NPK) and P5 (100% NPK) each has 3 replications. Parameter perceived by hat is high of plants, high of leaf, amount of leaf, wet heavy of maize plants and dry heavy of maize plant. Data to be analysed with Analysis of variance (ANOVA) level of signification 95%, continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) level of signification 95%. The results showed that the combination of nanosilica fertilization and NPK significantly affected the wet weight and dry weight of the Maize P-21. The optimal combination for the growth of Maize P-21 is the treatment of P4 (25% nanosilica+ 75% NPK). Key words: Zea mays L var. pioneer 21; combination; fertilizing; nanosilica; NPK
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Nugrahapraja, Husna, Edoardo Bertolini, and Mario Enrico Pè. "Revisiting pollen-pistil interaction and cross incompatibility in maize." Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/crbb.2019.1.1/dtcs2650.
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The review addressed aspects of plant fertilisation and the phenomenon of genetic cross-incompatibility in maize controlled by the Gametophyte1 locus. This phenomenon determines the failure to accomplish successful fertilisation and a full seed set when pollen grains carrying the ga1 allele pollinate female inflorescences carrying the Ga1-strong (Ga-1s) allele in the homozygous state (Ga1-s/Ga1-s). We divided the review work into several topics — first, the introduction of sexual plant reproduction. Second, pollen-pistil interactions in plants. Third, reproductive barriers during plant reproduction. Third, Incompatibility in plants. Fourth, fine mapping of the Ga1 locus in maize. Fifth, recent researches on Ga1-related cross-incompatibility in maize.
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Bacon, C. W., and D. M. Hinton. "Symptomless endophytic colonization of maize byFusarium moniliforme." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-144.
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Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon is a nonobligate parasite of maize that produces several mycotoxins. This fungus causes systemic infections of maize kernels, which then serve as dissemination vehicles and inoculum sources. Infected plants may or may not show disease symptoms. Symptomless infection was studied in maize plants and was compared with plants that eventually showed symptoms of seedling disease. Three isolates of F. moniliforme, a hygromycin-resistant mutant of two of these isolates, and Fusarium fujikuroi were used to infect surface and internally sterilized maize kernels, and symptomatic and symptomless infections were observed for 8 weeks. The results indicated that in symptomless infected plants, hyphae were intercellular only and distributed throughout the plant, whereas in plants showing disease symptoms, the fungus was both intercellular and intracellular. Symptomless plants remained symptomless throughout the observation period, and at the ultrastructural level there was no evidence of an antagonistic relationship. This indicates that the symptomless state persists beyond the seedling stage and could contribute, without visual signs, to the total mycotoxin contaminants of maize both before and during kernel development. Keywords: Gibberella fujikuroi, endophyte, toxic fungus, maize, fusarium toxins, corn disease.
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Berzsenyi, Z., and Q. Dang. "Study of the effect of plant density on the growth of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids using the Richards function." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.55.2007.4.3.
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In maize, plant density has a considerable influence on the rate of dry matter accumulation and on its partitioning between vegetative and reproductive sinks. The aim of the present research was to use the first, second and third derivatives of the Richards function (RF) for growth analysis on maize hybrids grown at various densities. In two-factorial split-plot experiments carried out in Martonvásár, Hungary in 1997–1999 the growth analysis method was used to examine the effect of six plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 thousand plants ha −1 ) on the growth of three maize hybrids (Mara, Mv 355, Florencia) with different vegetation periods. Plant density had a significant effect on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation, absolute growth rate (AGR) and absolute acceleration rate (AAR). There was a significant reduction in the asymptotic maximum (A) and growth parameters (AGR, AAR) of the whole plant and of the individual plant organs (stalk, leaf, ear and grain yield), while the parameters of the leaf area index (LAI) increased significantly with a rise in the plant density. The usefulness of the RF for approximating the growth processes of maize plants and individual plant parts was confirmed statistically.
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Shaheenuzzamn, M., A. Biswas, N. Chakma, MN Islam, and M. Salim. "Suitability study of local bush bean cultivars intercropped with hybrid maize under different planting system in hilly areas." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v40i2.24571.
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An intercropping experiment was conducted on hill valley at Hill Agricultural Research Station, Ramgarh and Kharachari during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to select suitable local bush bean cultivar for intercropping with hybrid maize in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Seven intercropping treatments viz., T1 = Normal maize spacing (75 cm × 25 cm) + 2 rows black seeded bush bean,T2 = Normal maize spacing (75 cm × 25 cm) + 2 rows pink seeded bush bean,T3 = Maize wider spacing (100 cm × 25 cm) with 1 plant/hill + 3 rows black seeded bush bean,T4 = Maize wider spacing (100 cm × 25 cm) with 1 plant/hill + 3 rows pink seeded bush bean, T5 = Maize wider spacing (100 cm × 50 cm) with 2 plants/hill + 3 rows black seeded bush bean, T6 = Maize wider spacing (100 cm × 50 cm) with 2 plants/hill + 3 rows pink seeded bush bean and T7 = Sole maize spacing (75 cm × 25 cm) were used. Sole hybrid maize produced the highest grain yield at both the locations. Bush bean cultivars in intercropped situation depressed hybrid maize yields by 7.15-37.29% at Ramgarh and 2.56-37.51% at Khagrachari compared to sole hybrid maize. The highest maize equivalent yield of 23.10 t/ha at Ramgarh and 24.08 t/ha at Khagrachari was recorded in maize wider spacing (100 cm × 25 cm) with 1 plant/hill + 3 rows pink seeded bush bean combination (T4). The same treatment also showed the highest gross return (Tk 277200/ha at Ramgarh and Tk 288960/ha at Khagrachari), gross margin (Tk 180050/ha at Ramgarh and Tk 191810/ha at Khagrachari) and benefit cost ratio (2.85 at Ramgarh and 2.97 at Khagrachari). The result revealed that maize wider spacing (100 cm × 25 cm) with 1 plant/hill + 3 rows pink seeded bush bean could be suitable and economically profitable for hybrid maize and bush bean intercropping in hill valleys of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 325-332 June 2015
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Popović, Branka, Snežana Tanasković, and Sonja Gvozdenac. "Effects of the Low-Level Western Corn Rootworm Egg Infestation on Maize Plants in the Field." Contemporary Agriculture 68, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2019-0006.
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Summary From the economic perspective, the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera sp. virgifera (Col., Chrysomelidae), poses the gravest threat to the field maize production in Serbia. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of WCR larvae on the morphology of maize characters during a low-level artificial egg infestation. A field experiment involving the Serbian cultivar ‘NS-640’ was carried out in Bečej, Vojvodina Serbia, in 2016. In the experimental field, a total of 96 maize plants were selected, marked and arranged in 48 pairs. Each pair consisted of an infested plant (WCR eggs injected in the root zone) and an uninfested plant (distillate water injected in the root zone). The number of leaves, height and stem diameter of the plants observed were recorded. Root damage and root weight were measured and evaluated at the end of the trail. For the purpose of statistical analysis, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and a correlation matrix were used. The statistical analysis performed indicate a highly significant difference in the number of leaves and plant height between the infested and uninfested maize plants examined in July (the third field observation). During the last field inspection, significant differences were recorded only between the stem diameters of the infested and uninfested maize plants. A negative correlation was found to exist between the root damage and root weight of the plant pairs. There were positive correlations between the stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves of the infested plants, whereas positive correlations were found between the root damage and plant height of the uninfested plants.
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VALERIO-LANDA, Sergio, Ramon ZULUETA-RODRIGUEZ, Evangelina E. QUIÑONES-AGUILAR, Liliana LARA-CAPISTRAN, Carlos ANGULO, Pablo PRECIADO-RANGEL, and Luis G. HERNANDEZ-MONTIEL. "Morpho-physiology and Pht1 gene expressions in native maize plants with AM fungi and phosphorus." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 1357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48312033.
Full textAbstract:
Maize is a crop important worldwide, but its production is limited to phosphorus availability in soil. Plants form a symbiotic association to improve their nutrition with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which increase to absorption phosphorus (P) and the expression of transporters of the family Pht1. Few studies have focused on native maize plants and AMF. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the morpho-physiological response and expression of phosphate Pht1 transporters in two native maize plants inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum and P concentrations. The height, leaf area, dry biomass, CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2, water potential, greenness index, total chlorophyll, and ZEAma; Pht1;3 and ZEAma; Pht1;6 transporter expressions in maize plants under P (0.01 and 1 mM) concentrations were evaluated. The results showed that each native maize plant had a differential response in morpho-physiology and transporter expressions when they were inoculated with AMF and P. The response of maize plant was related with its genotype and phenotype plus environmental factor that influenced the AMF-host interaction, mycorrhizal colonization and soil nutrient absorption.
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Berzsenyi, Z., and D. Q. Lap. "Responses of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids to sowing date, N fertiliser and plant density in different years." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 53, no. 2 (August 1, 2005): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.53.2005.2.1.
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The responses of Hungarian-bred maize hybrids with different vegetation periods to sowing date, N fertiliser and plant density were studied in small-plot field experiments between 2002 and 2004. The maize grain yield was highest in the early and optimum sowing date treatments (8.563 and 8.325 t ha-1) and significantly less in the late and very late treatments (7.908 and 7.279 t ha-1). The year had a substantial effect on both the yield and the grain moisture content. In a long-term maize monoculture experiment set up in 1961, the N fertiliser responses of 6 maize hybrids with different vegetation periods were investigated. Averaged over the years 2002 and 2004 the maize grain yields in the N treatments were as follows (t ha-1): N0: 4.780, N80: 7.479, N160: 8.577, N240: 8.226. The grain yield and yield stability of maize were greatest at a N rate of 160 kg ha-1. The yield response was similar in both years, but the year had a considerable effect on the yield level. The N supplies to maize plants during the vegetation period could be well characterised using a SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter in the R3 phenological stage (18-22 days after silking). The plant density responses of maize hybrids were described by fitting a quadratic function to the data of 19-22 hybrids in the years 2002-2004. The optimum plant density averaged over the hybrids was between 67,483 and 70,161 plants ha-1. The maximum yield associated with optimum plant density was 7.978 t ha-1 in 2002, 6.60 t ha-1 in 2003 and 9.37 t ha-1 in 2004. The annual patterns of plant density responses for the maize hybrids exhibited considerable differences.
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Alam, R., DK Das, MR Islam, Y. Murata, and MA Hoque. "Exogenous proline enhances nutrient uptake and confers tolerance to salt stress in maize (Zea mays L.)." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i4.32120.
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Proline accumulation is the main adaptive mechanism to salinity in plants. The pot experiments were carried out to mitigate the adverse effects of NaCl stress on BARI Hybrid Maize-5 and Hybrid Maize Pacific-987 by exogenous application of proline. Plants were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl at vegetative stage. Proline solutions were sprayed over maize leaves at both vegetative and tasseling stages. NaCl stress caused significant reductions in plant growth of maize. NaCl stress at 50 mM drastically reduced the growth of maize plant. Salt stress also reduced reproductive growth, grain yield, chlorophyll contents, K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient (NPS) uptake in both maize varieties. Exogenously applied proline improved growth and grain yield of BARI Hybrid Maize-5 at 25 mM NaCl stress condition. Additionally, BARI Hybrid Maize-5 conferred tolerance to 50 mM NaCl stress with 25 mM proline. Proline application significantly increased K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient uptake by maize under salt stress. The present study suggests that proline improves salt tolerance of maize by increasing the K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient uptake, particularly P uptake.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 409-417, 2016
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Pérez-Hernández, Rosa Guadalupe, Manuel Jesus Cach-Pérez, Rosaura Aparacio-Fabre, Hans Van der Wal, and Ulises Rodríguez-Robles. "Physiological and microclimatic consequences of variation in agricultural management of maize." Botanical Sciences 99, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2640.
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Background: Maize is cultivated under different agricultural management systems, which influence the ecological dynamics of the crop, and therefore the physiology of the plant.
Questions: What is the effect of different agricultural management on the microclimate and the physiology of maize plants?
Studied species: Zea mays L.
Study site and dates: Nacajuca, Tabasco, Mexico; January to April 2017.
Methods: Physiological performance of maize plants and microclimatic variation in the crop area was characterized under three management systems: maize monoculture, maize-bean, and maize-bean-squash intercropping. Each treatment was established in three 100 m2 plots (300 m2 per treatment). Four measurements were taken between days 33 and 99 after maize sowing, to characterize five microclimatic parameters (relative air humidity, air and soil temperature, vapor-pressure deficit and soil volumetric water content) and nine physiological parameters (photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate, quantum efficiency of photosystem II, non-photochemical quenching, foliar water potential and chlorophyll content).
Results: Maximum soil temperature was up to 4.4 ºC less in the maize-bean system than in the monoculture at 15:00 h; soil in the maize-bean-squash intercropping retained up to 45 % more water than the monoculture throughout the day. Photosynthesis and electron transport rate in the maize-bean intercropping was up to 32 % higher than in the monoculture. The highest non-photochemical quenching and transpiration rate were observed in the maize-bean-squash system.
Conclusions: The maize-bean and maize-bean-squash combination provides maize plants with lower soil temperature and higher water availability, allowing them better physiological performance compared to monoculture.
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Visser, Andri, Hannalene Du Plessis, Annemie Erasmus, and Johnnie Van den Berg. "Plant Abandonment by Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae: Do Bt Toxins Have an Effect?" Insects 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020077.
Full textAbstract:
Busseola fusca (Fuller; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize in Africa and can be effectively controlled by Bt maize. However, the sustainability of this technology is threatened by resistance evolution, which necessitates the implementation of the high-dose/refuge insect resistance management (IRM) strategy. Despite the success of this IRM strategy, it is based on several assumptions about insect-hostplant interactions that are not always valid for different pest species. In this study, the plant abandonment behavior of Cry1Ab-resistant and susceptible B. fusca larvae were evaluated on a non-Bt, single toxin (Cry1Ab), and a pyramid event (Cry1.105 + Cry2Ab2) of maize over a four-day period. The aim was to determine if larvae are more likely to abandon maize plants that contain Bt-toxins than conventional non-Bt plants, and if resistance to the Cry1Ab-toxin affects this behavior. This study found that both Bt-resistant and susceptible B. fusca neonate larvae show feeding avoidance behavior and increased plant abandonment rates when exposed to Bt maize leaf tissue. The implications of these findings for the design of IRM strategies and choice of refuge structures are discussed in the context of Bt maize in Africa.
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Hussain, Zahid, Khan Bahadar Marwat, and John Cardina. "Common Cocklebur Competition in Forage Maize." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (March 2011): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00092.1.
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Common cocklebur is a new weed in irrigated maize grown for forage in the hot, dry region of northwest Pakistan. We conducted experiments in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Peshawar, Pakistan, during 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the interaction of common cocklebur density and maize density on biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and plant height of forage maize. Seven common cocklebur densities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 plants m−2) in maize planted at four densities (5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 plants m−2) were evaluated. An ANOVA for both years revealed significant main effects and interactions for all variables. Regression of measured variables against common cocklebur density showed that maize biomass declined linearly as common cocklebur density increased from 0 to 12 plants m−2, with an increasing rate of decline for high maize densities and low maize densities. Combined data for all maize densities revealed that the relationship between maize biomass and common cocklebur biomass fit a linear function, with 1.28 to 1.35 kg ha−1loss in maize biomass for each kilogram per hectare increase in common cocklebur biomass from about 1,500 to 3,200 kg ha−1. Above 8 to 10 common cocklebur plants m−2, weed biomass declined, presumably due to intraspecific competition. An increase in common cocklebur density decreased maize LAI about 0.15 to 0.3 units for each additional common cocklebur plant per square meter in 2006, and 0.11 to 0.24 units in 2007. Common cocklebur LAI increased in a linear fashion as density of the weed increased. Results suggest that the effect of common cocklebur interference on maize biomass was associated with a change in allocation of resources, resulting in increased crop height growth at the expense of a reduction in LAI and presumably potential light interception by the crop as common cocklebur density increased.
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Woolley, J. N., and W. Rodríguez. "Cultivar X Cropping System Interactions in relay and row Intercropping of Bush Beans with different Maize Plant Types." Experimental Agriculture 23, no. 2 (April 1987): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700016975.
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SummaryBean yield at two sites in Costa Rica was affected by the interactions of maize and bush bean cultivars with cropping system (relay, row intercropping and sole cropping). The maize culti-vars were grouped according to leaf area index (LAI) and plant height. At a site with a severe weed problem, leafy maize of intermediate height allowed the most bean yield in relay but the least in intercropping. Tall, leafy maize allowed as much yield of intercropped beans as short, less leafy cultivars. In intercrops, tall maize plants shaded the beans less, while in relay crops leafy plants of intermediate height shaded and suppressed weed growth so benefiting the following bean crop. At the other site, all maize groups had the same effect on beans whether grown in relay or intercropped. Leafy maize cultivars of medium height are preferable for sole crops and for relay cropping of beans at physiological maturity when weeds are a problem, but less leafy types are better for bean intercropping or for relay crops where the beans are planted before maize maturity. Plant types selected for sole cropping are not necessarily best for poly-cultures and one crop may affect another even when their periods of active growth do not overlap.
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Sheha, A. M., Haytham Mostafa El-Shahed, and Abd El Nabi Hamed Mohamed Diab. "Response of Watermelon Pulp (Citrullus colocynthoides) to Intercropped Maize (Zea mays L.) With Plants Distributions Under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 8 (July 15, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n8p212.
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Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Gemmeiza Agriculture Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt after 2018 and 2019 summer growing seasons to determine the effect of intercropping pattern of yellow maize hybrid (single cross 168: “SC 168”) with watermelon pulp at three plant distributions (20 cm between hills and one plant/hill, 40 cm between hills and two plants/hill and 60 cm between hills and three plants/hill) and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (25, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dose “120 kg N fad-1”) as well as their interactions on maize and watermelon pulp growth, yield and its attributes as well as competitive relationships and yield advantages. The experiments were carried out in split-plot design with four replicates. The main-plots were assigned to plant distributions of maize, the sub-plots were allocated to levels of nitrogen fertilizer for maize. The obtained results showed that planting maize plants on one side of terraces of 140 cm width with 20 cm between hills and leaving one plant/hill and planting watermelon pulp on the other side of the terraces produced the highest values of plant height, ear height, number of kernels row-1, 100-kernel weight and grain yield fad-1, at the same time the lowest values of ear leaf area, ear length, ear diameter and number of rows ear-1 of maize as well as the lowest values of growth, yield and its attributes of watermelon pulp during the both seasons. Mineral fertilizing maize plants with 75% of the recommended dose (90 kg N/fad) and watermelon pulp with the recommended dose produced the highest values of all studied growth characters, yield and its attributes of maize and watermelon pulp in both seasons. The highest values of land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (RCC), area time equivalent ratio (ATER), land equivalent coefficient (LEC), aggressivity index (AI), monetary advantage index (MAI), actual yield (L.E.) of watermelon, Total income (L.E.) and economic return (L.E.) were obtained from planting maize plants on one side of terraces of 140 cm width with 60 cm between hills and leaving three plants/hill and planting watermelon pulp on the other side of the terraces besides fertilizing maize plants with 75% of the recommended dose (90 kg N/fad) and watermelon pulp with the recommended dose in both seasons. It can be recommended that planting maize on 60 cm between hills and leaving three plants/hill and planting watermelon pulp on the other side of the terraces besides fertilizing maize plants with 90 kg N/fad and watermelon pulp with the recommended dose to obtain the maximum values growth, yield and its attributes of watermelon pulp and competitive relationships and yield advantages of both crops under the climates conditions of Middle Delta, Egypt.
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Xynias, Ioannis, Antonios Koufalis, Evdokia Gouli-Vavdinoudi, and Demetrios Roupakias. "Factors Affecting Doubled Haploid Plant Production Via Maize Technique in Bread Wheat." Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica 56, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsb-2014-0022.
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Abstract The effect of two in planta factors (growth conditions, genotype) and two in vitro factors (time of embryo rescue, embryo rescue medium) on doubled haploid (DH) plant production in bread wheat via maize technique was investigated in nine F1 hybrids produced after crossing four bread wheat cultivars. During the first year one group of F1 plants was grown in a field and at the proper stage pollinated with maize pollen (sweet corn popu-lation). In parallel, a second group of F1 plants was grown in a growth chamber and pollinated as in the former group. In the second growing season the experiment was repeated but only field-grown plants were used. All the produced haploid embryos were cultured in three different media and the resulting 146 haploid plants were sub-sequently treated with aqueous solution of colchicine. Finally, 86 doubled haploid plants were obtained. We noted that the growing conditions of the parental plants and the intervening time between day of pollination and day of embryo rescue influenced the percentage of haploid embryo production. Culture medium also influenced haploid and doubled haploid plant production. The two media (MS/2, B5) were found equally effective. Most of the haploid embryos originated from the Penios × Acheloos cross, whereas most of the doubled haploid plants were produced from the KVZ × Penios cross. Doubled haploid plants were produced from all crosses.
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Baldotto, Marihus Altoé, Lílian Estrela Borges Baldotto, Rogério Batista Santana, and Cláudio Roberto Marciano. "Initial performance of maize in response to NPK fertilization combined with Herbaspirillum seropedicae." Revista Ceres 59, no. 6 (December 2012): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2012000600015.
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The inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria can be a technological approach useful for increasing the production of maize. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial performance of maize in response to application of doses of NPK combined with the inoculation of the diazotrophic bacteria Herbaspirillum seropedicae in an greenhouse experiment. The experiment consisted of six fertilizer levels: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200% of the recommended dose of NPK applied to maize inoculated and non-inoculated with H. seropedicae. At 30 days after the treatment application, the growth characteristics and nutritional status of the plants were evaluated. Plant development was influenced by fertilization, but it was enhanced by combination with the bacteria, which resulted in significant increases in the dry mass of shoots (7%) and leaf area (9%) when compared with non-inoculated plants. The results showed increases in the concentration of N (11%), P (30%) and K (17%) of maize plants in response to bacterial inoculation together with NPK compared with plants that were applied fertilize only. The greater consistency and stability response of the host plant to bacterization in the presence of chemical fertilizer indicate a promissory biotechnological approach for improving the initial growth and adaptation of maize to the cultivation environment.
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Kareem, I., O. B. Jawando, E. K. Eifediyi, W. B. Bello, and Y. Oladosu. "Improvement of Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) by Poultry Manure, Maize Variety and Plant Population." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2017-0035.
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Abstract Soils of the savannah zones of Nigeria are low in plant nutrients and peasant farmers; therefore, rely on external inputs in the form of organic and inorganic manure for sustainable yield. They also sow their seeds at suboptimal plant population density, thereby providing opportunity for weeds to thrive. Moreover, farmers use saved seeds from the previous cropping season for planting, which often results in low yield. A study was conducted to assess the growth and yield of two maize cultivars under the influence of organic fertilizer and plant population density. Treatments used were factorial combinations of three levels of poultry manure (0, 2.5, 5.0 t/ha), two population densities (95,556 and 53,333 plants/ha) and two maize varieties (DMR-ESR-Y and Suwan-1-SR). Data were collected on number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, stem girth, root and shoot dry weight, total dry weight, days to tasseling, days to silk appearance, grain yield per hectare, number of seeds per cob, seed rows per cob, weight of 100 seeds and shelling percentage. The results revealed significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) in all parameters examined, when 5 t/ha poultry manure was applied to Suwan-1-SR at density 53,333 plants/ha. However, there was marginal difference between 5 and 2.5 t/ha in grain production. Therefore, application of 2.5 t/ha poultry manure for production of Suwan-1-SR maize variety at plant density 53,333 plants/ha could be used for getting optimum yield, that can feed the growing population of maize consumers coupled with better straw production for animal feed.
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Ruther, Joachim, and Benjamin Fürstenau. "Emission of Herbivore-induced Volatiles in Absence of a Herbivore - Response of Zea mays to Green Leaf Volatiles and Terpenoids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2005): 743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-9-1014.
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Abstract Green leaf volatiles (GLV), a series of saturated and monounsaturated six-carbon aldehydes, alcohols, and esters are emitted by plants upon mechanical damage. Evidence is increasing that intact plants respond to GLV by activating their own defense mechanisms, thus suggesting that they function in plant-plant communication. The present paper demonstrates that exposure of maize plants to naturally occurring GLV, including (Z)-3-, (E)-2- and saturated derivatives, induce the emission of volatile blends typically associated with herbivory. Position or configuration of a double bond, but not the functional group of the GLV influenced the strength of the emissions. (Z)-3-Configured compounds elicited stronger responses than (E)-2- and saturated derivatives. The response to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol increased linearly with the dose between 200 and 1000 nmol per plant. Not only the naturally occurring (E)-2- hexenal, but also (E)-2-pentenal and (E)-2-heptenal induced maize plants, although to a lesser extend. Externally applied terpenoids [(3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, β-caryophyllene, and (E)- β-farnesene] did not significantly increase the total amount of inducible volatiles in maize. Of three tested maize cultivars Delprim and Pactol responded much stronger than Attribut. Recovery experiments in the presence and absence of maize plants demonstrated that large proportions of externally applied GLV were assimilated by the plants, whereas (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene was recovered in much higher amounts. The results furthermore suggested that plants converted a part of the assimilated leaf aldehydes and alcohols to the respective acetates. We propose that GLV not only can alert neighboring plants, but may facilitate intra-plant information transfer and can help mediate the systemic defense response in a plant.
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FREITAS, CLAUDIA DAIANNY MELO, FERNANDO SARMENTO DE OLIVEIRA, HÉLIDA CAMPOS DE MESQUITA, ALANNA OLIVEIRA CORTEZ, MARIA ALICE FORMIGA PORTO, and DANIEL VALADÃO SILVA. "EFFECT OF COMPETITION ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MAIZE AND WEED EXPOSED TO WATER DEFICIENCY." Revista Caatinga 32, no. 3 (September 2019): 719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n316rc.
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ABSTRACT The ability of plants to adapt to water deficient conditions in soil is directly related to the competitive ability of each species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of water deficiency and interspecific competition on the growth components of maize (Zea mays), brachiaria (Urochloa decumbens), and hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with eight replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial design, with the first factor corresponding to the different competitive arrangements among species (maize + U. decumbens, maize + B. pilosa, maize without competition, U. decumbens without competition, and B. pilosa without competition). The second factor constituted two water regimes (daily irrigation and water deficit). The soil water deficient condition strongly decreased maize plant growth; however, it had little or no effect on the growth of weeds U. decumbens and B. pilosa. Interspecific competition decreased the growth of maize plants and U. decumbens, and intensified the negative effects of water deficiency on these species. Interspecific competition and water deficiency also decreased the N, P, and K content in maize plants, which contributed to the effects on plant growth. U. decumbens was more competitive with maize compared to B. pilosa.
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Barrales, José S. "La asociación maíz-frijol como alternativa para agricultura con problemas de heladas." Agronomía Mesoamericana 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v8i2.24674.
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During 1994, in Cuapiaxtla Valley, in Taxcala, Mexico, a region with frequent freezing injury to crops, the association of maize and common beans was evaluated to find out the potential of the maize plant cover in reducing damage on bean plants by freezing temperatures. A chilling wave 126 days after planting caused the death of maize plants, while the bean plants completed their biological cycle and produced 350 kg/ha.
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Rodríguez, Víctor M., Rogelio Santiago, Rosa Ana Malvar, and Ana Butrón. "Inducible Maize Defense Mechanisms Against the Corn Borer Sesamia nonagrioides: A Transcriptome and Biochemical Approach." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 1 (January 2012): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-11-0154.
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In spite of multiple studies elucidating individual defense mechanisms against stalk borer feeding, little information is available about the plant response to these members of Lepidoptera. Four maize inbred lines were cultivated in a greenhouse and challenged with larvae of the corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides. Transcriptome and biochemical analyses were performed to elucidate the maize response mechanisms to this insect. General plant defense mechanisms were activated, including the jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway, proteinase inhibitors, and four defense-related transcription factors. Interestingly, gene ontology analysis shows that maize plants undergo cell-wall reorganization after being attacked. These results were confirmed through biochemical analyses showing that the concentration of some cell-wall-related compounds significantly changed after plant infestation in a genotype-dependent way. In conclusion, maize plants respond to the attack of the corn borer S. nonagrioides through cell-wall fortification, activating genes involved in cell-wall organization, which finally is reflected in a higher concentration of some cell-wall components, especially in resistant genotypes.
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Fuchs, Anneliese, Vanessa Berger, Klaus Steinbauer, Tobias Köstl, Daniel Wuttej, and Michael Jungmeier. "The long-term effects of monoculture maize cultivation on plant diversity." Phytocoenologia 50, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2021/0382.
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Davidson-Lowe, Elizabeth, Swayamjit Ray, Ebony Murrell, Jason Kaye, and Jared G. Ali. "Cover Crop Soil Legacies Alter Phytochemistry and Resistance to Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (June 6, 2021): 958–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab047.
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Abstract Plant-soil feedbacks can mediate aboveground plant–herbivore interactions by impacting plant chemistry. Given that soil legacies and agricultural practices are closely tied, a better understanding of soil legacy cascades and their application in pest management are needed. We tested how cover crop legacies alter resistance to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize (Zea mays L., Poales: Poaceae). We compared herbivore performance and behavior of fall armyworm larvae on maize grown after four cover crop treatments: a leguminous mycorrhizal cover crop (pea: Pisum sativum L., Fabales: Fabaceae), a nonleguminous mycorrhizal cover crop (triticale: x Triticosecale Wittm. Ex A. Camus, Poales: Poaceae), a nonleguminous nonmycorrhizal cover crop (radish: Raphanus sativus L., Brassicales: Brassicaceae), and no cover crops (fallow). Soil inorganic N was highest in pea treatments and lowest in triticale treatments, while maize AMF colonization was greatest when grown after mycorrhizal cover crops compared to nonmycorrhizal or no cover crops. Cover crop legacies altered the emission of maize volatiles and fall armyworm larvae oriented toward odors emitted by maize grown after radish more frequently than triticale in olfactometer assays. Additionally, larvae performed better and consumed more leaf tissue when feeding on maize grown after radish and poorest on plants grown after triticale. When damaged by fall armyworm, maize grown after triticale expressed higher levels of lipoxygenase-3 (lox3), while plants grown after radish upregulated maize proteinase inhibitor (mpi) gene expression. Our results highlight the importance of appropriate cover crop selection and suggest that triticale could strengthen maize resistance to fall armyworm.
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Ndakidemi, Patrick A., and Felix D. Dakora. "Yield components of nodulated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays) plants grown with exogenous phosphorus in different cropping systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 5 (2007): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05274.
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A 2-factorial experiment, involving three levels of phosphorus (0, 40, and 80 kg/ha) and four cropping systems (mono crop, maize–cowpea inter-row, maize–cowpea intra-row, and maize–cowpea intra-hole cropping) was conducted in the field for two consecutive years in 2003 and 2004 at Nietvoorbij (33°54′S, 18°14′E), Stellenbosch, South Africa. Plant density (number of plants per hectare) was 166 666 for sole cowpea, 111 111 for maize–cowpea inter-row, 55 555 for maize–cowpea intra-row and 55 555 for maize–cowpea intra-hole cropping. Applying 40 or 80 kg phosphorus (P)/ha significantly increased cowpea grain yields by 59–65% in 2003 and 44–55% in 2004. With maize, the increases in grain yield were 20–37% in 2003 and 48–55% in 2004 relative to the zero-P control. In both cropping seasons, the number of pod-bearing peduncles per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and grain yield per cowpea plant were significantly increased with the application of exogenous P. In contrast, the number of pod-bearing peduncles per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and the grain yield per plant were all significantly depressed by mixed culture relative to mono crop cowpea. There was also a significant interactive effect of P and cropping system on cowpea, such that, all cowpea yield components were generally lower in intercrop relative to mono crop. In all instances, the yield component of mono crop cowpea and, to some extent, inter-row cowpea, were markedly increased by the provision of 40 or 80 kg P/ha relative to the zero-P control. Intercropping maize with cowpea produced higher total yields per unit land area than the mono crop counterpart.
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Sangoi, Luís, Amauri Schmitt, Marcos Cardoso Martins Júnior, Hugo François Kuneski, and Antonio Eduardo Coelho. "Narrow and twin-row plantings do not increase maize yield." Agronomía Colombiana 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n3.86117.
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Reducing row space and sowing in twin rows of maize (Zea mays L.) allow more equidistant plant distribution at the same density. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of these two management practices on the nitrogen content of the index leaf, the leaf area index at silking, and the grain yield of maize at different plant densities. The experiment was carried out in Lages, Santa Catarina State University, in southern Brazil during the growing seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. A split-plot arrangement of a randomized complete block design was used. Two plant densities (7 and 9 plants m-2) were distributed in the main plot, and five row spaces (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 m and twin rows 0.6 m apart with 0.18 m between rows) were evaluated in split-plots. Physiological traits and grain yield were determined on the maize hybrid P30R50YH. The experiments were sown on 10/20/2016 and 10/21/2017. Kernel yields were higher at the plant density of 9 plants m-2 than at 7 plants m-2. The row space did not affect the nitrogen content of the index leaf, the crop leaf area index at silking, and the maize grain yield. The increment of plant density was more effective than the use of narrow and twin rows to enhance P30R50YH hybrid grain yield.
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Chowdhury, JA, SS Kakon, AA Begum, and MAK Mian. "Intercropping Squash with Maize under Varying Planting System." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 21, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v21i2.44488.
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The experiment was conducted at the research field of Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 to find out the suitable planting arrangement of squash (var. Bulam House) with maize (var. BARI Hybrid maize-9) as intercropping for higher productivity and economic return. Seven treatment combinations viz. maize normal plating (75 cm Í 25 cm), maize normal plating (75 cm Í 25 cm) (100%) + 1 row squash (Plant to Plant 80 cm) (116%), maize paired row (37.5 cm Í 150 cm Í 37.5 cm) (100%) + 1 row squash (Plant to Plant 80 cm) (50%), maize paired row (100%) + 1 row squash (Plant to Plant 100 cm) (40%), maize paired row (100%) + 2 rows squash (Plant to Plant 80 cm) (100%), maize paired row (100%) + 2 rows squash (80%) (Plant to Plant 100 cm) and sole Squash (100 cm × 80 cm) were tested. Results showed that the highest grain yield of maize (9.47 t ha-1 in 2014-15 and 9.24 t ha-1 in 2015-16) and squash yield (28.19 t ha-1 in 2014-15 and 25.02 t ha-1 in 2015-16) were recorded in sole crop, respectively. Maximum mean maize equivalent yield (19.39 t ha-1) was recorded in maize paired row (100%) + 2 row squash (Plant to Plant 80 cm) (100%) combination in both the year. The highest gross return (Tk. 2,93,850 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 1,92,450 ha-1) and BCR (2.95) were also obtained from the same combinations. Two years’ results revealed that maize paired row + 2 rows squash (Plant to Plant 80 cm) combination could be suitable for higher productivity and economic return.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 19-24
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Saïdi, Najia, Omar Chlyah, and Hassan Chlyah. "Production of green haploid durum wheat plants by pollination of wheat with maize." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-025.
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Eight genotypes of Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (2n = 4x = 28) were pollinated by three varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) to obtain green haploid durum wheat plants. After pollination, plants were cut and maintained in a nutrient solution until the ovary developed, and the embryo was rescued through in vitro culture. The influence of both the wheat and the maize genotypes on ovary development and embryo and green haploid plant formation was apparent. Ovary development and embryo formation were observed in all wheat genotypes with at least one maize variety. Green plants were obtained from six of the eight cultivars tested. Sixty doubled haploid green plants were recovered after colchicine treatment.Key words: Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, Zea mays, intergeneric hybridization, embryo rescue, haploid green plants.