Academic literature on the topic 'Maize weevil'
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Journal articles on the topic "Maize weevil"
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Bbosa, Denis, Thomas J. Brumm, Carl J. Bern, Kurt A. Rosentrater, and D. Raj Raman. "Effect of Blending Amaranth Grain with Maize Kernels on Maize Weevil Control during Storage." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 2 (2020): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13614.
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HighlightsMixing amaranth grain and maize is a promising pesticide-free method for controlling maize weevils in stored maize.A 1:1 mixture by volume of maize and amaranth reduced the number of live weevils by 66% after 160 d of storage as compared to maize stored without amaranth.A further reduction in live weevils could be achieved by completely covering all maize kernels with a layer of amaranth.Insect-infested maize-amaranth mixtures had reduced spoilage due to mold during storage as compared to insect-infested maize stored without amaranth.Abstract. Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is used as a vegetable, food, forage, and sometimes an ornamental. Amaranth grain has higher protein content than other cereals, making it a good choice for human consumption. Maize is among the three most widely grown grains in the world, but it can experience large postharvest losses during storage due to infestation by the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). Due to the small size of amaranth seeds, this study postulated that amaranth grain can be blended with maize during storage to fill the intergranular spaces between maize kernels, reducing the overall void volume to minimize maize weevil movements to access the kernels, and thereby controlling the maize weevil population. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on maize weevil control of blending maize with amaranth grain during storage versus storing maize alone. Three 208 L (55 gal) steel barrels were loaded with 160 kg (353 lb) of maize, and three were loaded with a maize-amaranth mixture (1:1 by volume), all with initial weevil populations of 25 live weevils per kg of maize. Blending maize with amaranth for storage reduced the number of live weevils after 160 days by 66% compared to storing maize alone. Additional reduction of live weevils could be accomplished if the maize were completely covered by amaranth grain, further restricting maize weevil access to the maize kernels. Keywords: Broken corn and foreign material, Insects, Insect infestation, Mechanical damage, Moisture content, Postharvest losses, Relative humidity, Temperature, Test weight.
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Bbosa, Denis, Thomas J. Brumm, Carl J. Bern, Kurt A. Rosentrater, and D. Raj Raman. "Evaluation of Hermetic Maize Storage in 208 Liter (55 Gal) Steel Barrels for Smallholder Farmers." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 3 (2017): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12044.
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Abstract. Maize is an important crop for many smallholder farmers in the world. Maize weevils () cause a significant loss in quality and quantity during maize storage, especially in tropical regions. Hermetic storage of maize has been shown to be effective in controlling maize weevils in laboratory and field settings. The objective of this research was to test the effectiveness of steel barrels that could be used by smallholder farmers for hermetic storage. Six 208 L (55 gal) steel barrels were each loaded with 170 kg (375 lb) of maize at an average moisture of 13.4% w.b., with initial weevil population densities of 25 live weevils kg-1 (11 live weevils lb-1) of maize. All six barrels were stored at 27°C (81°F) under non-hermetic conditions for 120 d, corresponding to approximately three weevil lifecycles. After 120 d, weevil population densities had increased to an average of 99 live weevils kg-1 (45 live weevils lb-1) in all six barrels. Three of the six barrels were subsequently hermetically sealed. After an additional 30 days (150 days since experiment start), the weevil population densities were zero in every hermetically sealed barrel (100% mortality) and averaged 141 live weevils kg-1 (64 live weevils lb-1) in the non-hermetic barrels. All barrels where then exposed to non-hermetic conditions for an additional 40 days (approximately one weevil lifecycle). The barrels previously under hermetic conditions had zero live weevils, while the other barrels averaged 214 live weevils kg-1 (98 live weevils lb-1), demonstrating that all stages of weevils (eggs, larvae, and pupae) were killed. Means of barrel oxygen content, test weight (TW), moisture content (MC), temperature, and humidity were significantly different between the hermetically sealed and control treatments. In contrast, broken corn and foreign material (BCFM) and mechanical damage (MD) were not significantly different. Hermetically sealed steel barrels may be an effective maize storage option for smallholder farmers. Keywords: BCFM, Maize weevil, Mechanical damage, Moisture content, Mortality, Mycotoxins, Test weight.
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Lu, Shaohua, Lingfang Zhang, Yujie Lu, Mingshun Chen, and Zhengyan Wang. "Host Volatiles Potentially Drive Two Evolutionarily Related Weevils to Select Different Grains." Insects 15, no. 5 (2024): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15050300.
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The Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) and Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil) are two insect pests that have caused huge economic losses to stored grains worldwide. It is urgent to develop an environmentally friendly strategy for the control of these destructive pests. Here, the olfactory-mediated selection preference of the two weevil species to three stored grains was analyzed, which should help establish a pull–push system in managing them. Bioassays showed that maize weevil adults prefer to select maize, followed by paddy and wheat, while rice weevil adults mainly migrate towards wheat. Volatile analyses revealed that 2-ethylhexanol, piperitone, and (+)-Δ-cadiene are the major components in volatiles from both maize and wheat, but the abundance of these chemicals is much lower in maize than that in wheat. The volatile limonene was only detected in paddy. Y-tube bioassays suggest that 2-ethylhexanol, piperitone, and (+)-Δ-cadiene were all attractive to both weevils, whereas limonene was attractive only to rice weevils. Overall, maize weevil appeared more sensitive to the tested volatiles based on having much lower effective concentrations of these volatiles needed to attract them. The differences in volatile profiles among the grains and the sensitivity of the two species towards these volatiles may explain the behavioral differences between maize and rice weevils in selecting host grains. The differences in sensitivity of maize and rice weevils towards host volatile components with abundance differences are likely determinants driving the two insect species to migrate towards different host grains.
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Sebayang, Amelia, Ayyub Arrahman, Syahrir Pakki, and M. Sudjak Saenong. "Foraging ability of maize weevil in several varieties under dark and light conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 911, no. 1 (2021): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012055.
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Abstract Laboratory research to investigate the ability of maize weevil to find food source in the dark and light condition had been conducted in laboratory of pests and plan diseases of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi. This research was arranged in complete random design with three replications. There were six maize varieties put into small glasses and placed in circle within big jar and then invested with 100 heterogenous adult maize weevils in each jar. As a control, an empty glass was put in the center of glasses circle within the jar. Observation and calculation on living and dead maize weevils on each glass and outside glass was conducted with intervals of 24, 48 and 72 after maize weevil infestation. This research was performed in the light and dark condition. Result of the research showed that maize weevil ability to find their food sources was not determined by the light and dark. In addition, from this research, it was found that there were influence of corn variety as food resources, but this factor of variety as food resources needs to be examined further. The implication of this study are about the maize varieties attracted the weevil.
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Silva, Alexandra Avelar, Lucas Soares Braga, Alberto Soares Corrêa, et al. "Comparative cytogenetics and derived phylogenic relationship among Sitophilus grain weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Dryophthorinae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 12, no. (2) (2018): 223–45. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v12i2.26412.
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Cytogenetic characteristics and genome size are powerful tools for species characterization and identification of cryptic species, providing critical insights into phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships. Sitophilus Linnaeus, 1758 grain weevils can benefit from such tools as key pest species of stored products and also as sources of archeological information on human history and past urban environments. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationship among these weevil species remains controversial and is largely based on single DNA fragment analyses. Therefore, cytogenetic analyses and genome size determinations were performed for four Sitophilus grain weevil species, namely the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus, 1758), the tamarind weevil S. linearis (Herbst, 1797), the rice weevil S. oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763), and the maize weevil S. zeamais Motschulsky, 1855. Both maize and rice weevils exhibited the same chromosome number (2n=22; 10 A + Xyp). In contrast, the granary and tamarind weevils exhibited higher chromosome number (2n=24; 11 A + Xyp and 11 A + neo-XY, respectively). The nuclear DNA content of these species was not proportionally related to either chromosome number or heterochromatin amount. Maize and rice weevils exhibited similar and larger genome sizes (0.730±0.003 pg and 0.786±0.003 pg, respectively), followed by the granary weevil (0.553±0.003 pg), and the tamarind weevil (0.440±0.001 pg). Parsimony phylogenetic analysis of the insect karyotypes indicate that S. zeamais and S. oryzae were phylogenetically closer than S. granarius and S. linearis, which were more closely related and share a more recent ancestral relationship.
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Nguyen, Van Duong, Dang Long Khuat, and Thi Xuan Thuy Vi. "Correlation between the head width and larval instars of Sitophilus zeamais(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and some morphological characteristicsof its developmental stages." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 1 (2023): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(1).16-19.
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This paper presents the correlation between head width and larval instars of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in maize granaries in Son La province. Results showed that there is a strong correlation between head width and age of maize weevil larvae. Head widths varied with the larval instars, being 0.225-0.325 mm, 0.375-0.425 mm, 0.475-0.55 mm, and 0.6-0.775 mm for the first, second, third, and fourth larval instars, respectively. For each instar, changes in head width were accompanied by changes in other characteristics, such as body colour, body width, and body length. This correlation could enable age determination of maize weevil larvae through samples from granaries, allowing detection of the development stage of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais,and prediction of the appearance of adult weevils inside maize granaries in Son La in particular and Vietnam in general.
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Bhusal, K., and D. Khanal. "Incidence of Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch) and its Association with Green Fungus (Aspergillus flavus Link) in Maize Under Storage at Chitwan and Surkhet Districts of Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 35, no. 1 (2018): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22531.
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A survey of maize-growing areas of Surkhet and Chitwan, Nepal (April to May 2017) was conducted to know about the incidence, relationship and loss in stored maize due to Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch) and (Aspergillus flavus Link). Sixty households from each district were surveyed and the data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Result revealed that there is severe infestation of maize weevil and green fungus in stored maize. 97.5% of stored samples had incidence of Aspergillus, whereas 96.7 % samples had maize weevils. 15.7% of the farmers apply sun drying and removal of the A. falvus infested seed while remaining 84.3% of the farmers use no any measure of control. Results from Chi- Square test indicated significant relation (χ2 = 122.10, P<0.01) between incidence of weevil infestation and occurrence of green fungus in the study area. The Phi coefficient value (1.00) shows the perfect relationship exist between weevil and green fungus occurrence in the study areas. The overall annual damage by the A. flavus was 6.39%. Therefore, it can be said that maize weevil is the major insect while A. flavus is major pathogen of maize grains at storage. The relationship between the occurrences of both pests was highly significant which indicated the positive relationship, i.e. the weevil plays an essential role in growth and spread of fungus.
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Bhusal, K., and D. Khanal. "Role of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. on Spread of Aspergillus section flavi in Different Nepalese Maize Varieties." Advances in Agriculture 2019 (April 16, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7584056.
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Experiments were conducted to find out the role of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. on spread of green fungus, Aspergillus section flavi, in different varieties of stored maize in laboratory in 2016. Lab experiment was conducted to find the role of weevil on spread of A. flavus on five main varieties of maize grown at Nepal in split plot design, namely, Arun-2, Arun-4, Manakamana-1, Manakamana-3, and Rampur composite with three replications at NAST, Khumaltar, from August to September 2016. One hundred grams of each maize variety was exposed to weevil along with fungus and with fungus only to see the spread of the fungus under presence and absence of weevil. Among the tested five maize varieties, the lowest infestation was observed on Rampur Composite (14.99%) while it was the highest on Manakamana-3 (87.70%). The highest mean infestation (75.58%) was found under weevil released condition while it was lower (62.16%) under nonreleased condition. In presence of weevil, the infestation of the fungus increased and in their absence the infestation was low which signifies the role of weevil in fungal spread. All indices indicate that Rampur composite is the best variety among the five tested varieties in terms of storage under the presence of fungus and weevils. This study also indicates ample scope for further study on different varieties of maize under several storage conditions.
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GUTERRES, A., F. SOARES, A. FATIMA, et al. "Synergy of storage management with varietal productivity improvement: the case of maize in Timor-Leste." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 7 (2014): 1208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000859.
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SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays L.) is the major staple crop in Timor-Leste, but yields are low, averaging 1·0–1·7 t/ha, and losses during storage are high from maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) damage. The current research, assessing both weevil damage and management options, studied household storage of traditional and introduced maize varieties in 18 farmer groups for 33 weeks, and then evaluated the weevil damage in cobs stored for 9 months of 19 populations from different multi-location yield trials in 2007 and 2010. Storage of shelled grain in airtight containers for 33 weeks had no weevil damage on-farm. In contrast, storing shelled maize in a woven sack was the worst storage method with an average of 0·96 of grain attacked by weevils by Week 33, with local and introduced varieties damaged similarly. Shelled grain stored in a woven sack were infested significantly more than in traditional storage methods husked on the cob – above a fireplace, in a tree or an elevated house. Importantly, modern varieties were damaged more extensively by weevils than local maize types when the husked maize was stored using traditional methods. In the yield trials, grain weevil damage averaged 0·39 in both years after storage in the husk for 9 months. Varietal and location effects were significant for proportion of weevil damage, but the interaction effect was not significant in either year. The broadsense heritabilities were intermediate/high for proportion of weevil-damaged grain (H2=0·81 in 2007 and 0·59 in 2010), and there is potential that populations can be found combining a substantial yield increase with no increase in weevil susceptibility for households using traditional storage methods. For those households with access to airtight storage systems, the results emphasize the need to exploit the interaction of variety with storage method to benefit from the yield advantage of introduced varieties through the concurrent dissemination of improved seed with subsidized, airtight storage drums.
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Silva, Alexandra Avelar, Lucas Soares Braga, Alberto Soares Corrêa, et al. "Comparative cytogenetics and derived phylogenic relationship among Sitophilus grain weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Dryophthorinae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 12, no. 2 (2018): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v12i2.26412.
Full textAbstract:
Cytogenetic characteristics and genome size are powerful tools for species characterization and identification of cryptic species, providing critical insights into phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.SitophilusLinnaeus, 1758 grain weevils can benefit from such tools as key pest species of stored products and also as sources of archeological information on human history and past urban environments. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationship among these weevil species remains controversial and is largely based on single DNA fragment analyses. Therefore, cytogenetic analyses and genome size determinations were performed for fourSitophilusgrain weevil species, namely the granary weevilSitophilusgranarius(Linnaeus, 1758), the tamarind weevilS.linearis(Herbst, 1797), the rice weevilS.oryzae(Linnaeus, 1763), and the maize weevilS.zeamaisMotschulsky, 1855. Both maize and rice weevils exhibited the same chromosome number (2n=22; 10 A + Xyp). In contrast, the granary and tamarind weevils exhibited higher chromosome number (2n=24; 11 A + Xyp and 11 A + neo-XY, respectively). The nuclear DNA content of these species was not proportionally related to either chromosome number or heterochromatin amount. Maize and rice weevils exhibited similar and larger genome sizes (0.730±0.003 pg and 0.786±0.003 pg, respectively), followed by the granary weevil (0.553±0.003 pg), and the tamarind weevil (0.440±0.001 pg). Parsimony phylogenetic analysis of the insect karyotypes indicate thatS.zeamaisandS.oryzaewere phylogenetically closer thanS.granariusandS.linearis, which were more closely related and share a more recent ancestral relationship.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maize weevil"
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Serratos, H. J. Antonio. "Resistance of indigenous races of maize to infestation by maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5361.
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Araújo, Rúbia Aparecida de. "Molecular actions of pyrethroids on ion channels in the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11604/.
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Previous studies on the mechanism of action of pyrethroids have confirmed that voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) in the axon membrane are the major target site of these compounds. The use of pyrethroids to control maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais, a major pest of stored maize in Brazil, has led to the occurrence of resistance. The work described here seeks to establish whether changes in VGSC of S.zeamais can explain pyrethroid resistance. The S. zeamais homologue of the Drosophila para VGSC was identified using degenerate primers and sequenced. Resistance mutations were examined by sequencing the IIS4-IIS6 region of the gene from laboratory strains of susceptible and resistant insects, revealing one amino acid replacement (T929I). The T929I mutation has been identified in other insects but always associated with a second mutation together producing a highly resistant phenotype. The occurrence of T929I in isolation is rare. DNA-based diagnostic assays were designed to screen weevils for the T929I mutation and analyse Brazilian field populations revealing a low frequency of heterozygous individuals carrying the mutation. The effect of the T929I mutation on VGSC function was investigated using whole cell patch clamping on cultured neurons isolated from thoracic ganglia of wild-type and resistant weevils. Inward currents were recorded by depolarizing the neuron to test potentials in the range -70mV to +70mV in 10mV increments for 25ms from a holding potential of -80mV. Current amplitudes were similar in cells from resistant weevils however other changes were apparent, notably a significant depolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of activation of sodium currents in the resistant animals (P<0.05). Mutant neurons are also less sensitive to deltamethrin than the wild types.
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Ukeh, Donald A. "The identification and use of semiochemicals for the control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) in Nigeria." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25167.
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Tavares, Márcio Aurélio Garcia Correia. "Bioatividade da erva-de-santa-maria, Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae), em relação a Sitophilus zeamais Mots., 1855 (Col.: Curculionidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-11022003-143346/.
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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do pó e do extrato aquoso de C. ambrosioides sobre o gorgulho-do-milho, S. zeamais. As plantas de C. ambrosioides foram cultivadas na área experimental do Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola da ESALQ/USP. Foram obtidos pós de folhas, ramos, frutos e da planta inteira (com frutos), quando a planta apresentava-se no estágio de frutificação. Os insetos utilizados nos ensaios foram obtidos de criação mantida em grãos de trigo. Avaliou-se o efeito do pó das diferentes estruturas vegetais e da planta inteira (com frutos) sobre o comportamento (atratividade e/ou repelência), atividade inseticida sobre a fase imatura e adultos, e o poder inseticida residual, com o pó separado e em contato com grãos de trigo. Avaliou-se também a atividade inseticida do extrato aquoso das diferentes estruturas e da planta inteira (com frutos) sobre a fase imatura e adultos de S. zeamais. De acordo com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: a) pós de frutos, ramos e folhas de C. ambrosioides não apresentam repelência para adultos de S. zeamais; b) pós obtidos de ramos e folhas não apresentam atividade inseticida sobre adultos de S. zeamais; c) os compostos com atividade inseticida estão presentes nos frutos de C. ambrosioides; d) pós de frutos apresentam efeito inseticida residual contra adultos de S. zeamais por no máximo 5 dias; e) pós de frutos e da planta inteira (com frutos), aplicados após 15 dias da infestação inicial, possuem efeito inseticida sobre a fase imatura de S. zeamais; f) os extratos aquosos não afetam a sobrevivência e a emergência de adultos de S. zeamais.<br>This work deals with the influence of the powder and aqueous extracts of C. ambrosioides on the maize weevil, S. zeamais. The powders tested were obtained from leaves, branches, fruits and the whole plant (with fruits), when the plant was in the fructification period. The insects were obtained from a population reared on wheat grains. The effect of the powders from the different vegetal structures and from the whole plant (with fruits) was evaluated concerning the insect behavior (attractiveness and/or repellence), insecticide activity on the immature and adult phases, and the insecticide residual power on the adult phase, with the powder alone and mixed with wheat grains. The insecticide activity of the aqueous extract from the different structures and from the whole plant (with fruits) was evaluated on immature and adult S. zeamais. The results were as follows: a) powders from fruits, branches and leaves of C. ambrosioides are not repellent to S. zeamais adults; b) powders from branches and leaves do not present insecticide activity against S. zeamais adults; c) the compounds with insecticide activity are present in the C. ambrosioides fruits; d) powders from fruits present insecticide residual effect against S. zeamais adults for a period up to 5 days; e) powders from fruits and from the whole plant (with fruits), applied 15 days after initial infestation, present insecticide effect on S. zeamais immature phase; f) the aqueous extracts do not affect the survival and the adult emergence of S. zeamais.
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Lahóz, André Capelari. "Eficiência agronômica do Etofenprox no controle de Sitophilus zeamais Motsch., 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em grãos armazenados de milho e a relação entre o seu ataque e a variação de umidade e atividade de água dos grãos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-26092008-092930/.
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O gorgulho do milho, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch., 1855) é a principal praga no armazenamento de milho. Seu controle é feito com a aplicação de inseticidas curativos e ou preventivos, mas o método apresenta inconvenientes relacionados com fatores toxicológicos e de resistência da praga devido ao pequeno número de inseticidas registrados e estes pertencerem a grupos químicos antigos, como os organofosforados e piretróides. Com o objetivo de testar um grupo químico diferente e mais moderno no controle desta praga e analisar a variação de umidade e atividade de água dos grãos de milho no decorrer do experimento, foi instalado este ensaio. Os grãos de milho foram pulverizados na proporção de 5 litros de calda por tonelada de grão, e depois mantidos em sacos de pano para manter os insetos em contato com os grãos e ao mesmo tempo, possibilitar a troca de ar. O ensaio foi instalado com sete tratamentos no início do experimento e mais quatro depois de dois meses, para testar novas doses e misturas do Etofenprox no controle do gorgulho. Os produtos utilizados para comparação com Etofenprox foram: Sumigran 500 (15 mL/ton. grão), Sumigran Plus (20 mL/ton. grão), K-Obiol (15 mL/ton. grão) e óleo de eucalipto (12,4 Lt/ton. grão), além da mistura do Etofenprox (20mL/ton. grão) com Butóxido de Piperonila (0,5%) e com Sumigran (10 mL/ton. grão). O Etofenprox não apresentou eficiência no controle de S. zeamais, porém sua mistura com Butóxido de Piperonila e Sumigran apresentaram eficiência superior aos tratamentos com Etofenprox, sugerindo um possível efeito sinérgico e uma possível alternativa para o controle da resistência, uma vez que o Etofenprox pertence a um grupo químico diferente dos registrados atualmente, sendo muito menos tóxico. O efeito sinergista do Butóxido de Piperonila já é conhecido e foi testado o possível efeito sinérgico do Etofenprox com o Fenitrotion. O teste foi instalado sobre placas de concreto que tiveram metade de suas superfícies aplicadas com doses de Fenitrotion (0,8 mL/m² ; 0,6 mL/m²; 0,4 mL/m²; 0,2 mL/m²; 0,1 mL/m² e 0,05 mL/m²) e a outra metade com as mesmas doses de Fenitrotion adicionadas ao Etofenprox (1,25 mL/m²). Outra observação foi que o óleo de eucalipto, mesmo não sendo eficiente no controle de S. zeamais, teve eficiência superior à testemunha e inibiu a oviposição. Observou-se que o dano dos insetos alterou a umidade, uma vez que os tratamentos que tinham insetos vivos apresentaram sempre umidade superior em relação aos tratamentos eficientes no controle desta praga. A maior umidade dos grãos nos quatro tratamentos instalados posteriormente fez com que o tempo de controle fosse menor. Esse experimento conclui que: Etofenprox não é eficiente no controle de S. zeamais, nas doses testadas; Etofenprox não apresenta efeito sinérgico com Fenitrotion no controle de S. zeamais; o óleo de eucalipto obteve controle superior à testemunha e inibiu a oviposição; o dano do inseto afeta diretamente a umidade da massa de grãos; a umidade dos grãos reduz o tempo de controle dos produtos utilizados.<br>The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch., 1855) is the main pest found in maize grains storage. The control of this pest is done with the application of curative or preventive insecticides, but these methods have brought unwanted effects concerning toxicological factors in addition to pest resistance factors, once there was only a small number of pesticides registered and they belong to old chemical groups, such as Organophosphorus and Pyrethroids. Due to reasons listed above, the present experiment was carried out with the aim of testing alternative and modern chemical groups that could be able to control the pest and also, of evaluating the moisture content variation and water activity of maize grains during the period of the experiment. The maize grains were sprayed within the proportion of 5 litres of mixture per ton of grains, and after that, they were stored in cloth bad in order to keep the insects in touch with the grains, and at the same time, allowing aeration. Seven treatments were applied at the beginning of the experiment and other four treatments were applied two months after that, with the intention of testing new rates and mixtures of Etofenprox to control the maize weevil. Some insecticides were used to be compared with Etofenprox, as it follows: Sumigran 500 (15 mL/ton of grains), Sumigran Plus (20 mL/ton of grains), K-Obiol (15 mL/ton of grains) and eucalypt oil (12,4 Lt/ton of grains), as well as the mixture of Etofenprox (20 mL/ton of grains) with Piperonyl Butoxide (0,5%) and Sumigran (10 mL/ton of grains). Etofenprox has not shown any efficiency in controlling the S. zeamais, on the other hand, its mixture with Piperonyl Butoxide and Sumigran has shown higher levels of efficiency than the treatments with pure Etofenprox, which suggests a possible synergistic effect and a possible alternative for the control of pest resistance, once Etofenprox belongs to a chemical group which is different from the ones currently registered and is less toxic than they are. The synergistic effect of Piperonyl Butoxide is already known and the possibility of a synergistic effect of Etofenprox with Fenitrotion was also tested. This test was installed on concrete slabs which had rates of Fenitrotion (0,8 mL/m² ; 0,6 mL/m²; 0,4 mL/m²; 0,2 mL/m²; 0,1 mL/m² and 0,05 mL/m²) applied over half of their surfaces while the other half received applications of the same rate of Fenitrotion added to Etofenprox (1,25 mL/m²). Besides that, it was also relevantly observed that although eucalypt oil not being efficient enough to control S. zeamais, it is more efficient than the untreated and also prevented oviposition. It was observed that the attack of insects affected the moisture, once the treatments containing alive insects have always shown moisture rate higher than the efficiently controlling treatments. The higher grain moisture rate of the four last treatments caused the control time to be shorter. After this experiment, it is possible to conclude that: the Etofenprox it´s not efficient in the control of Sitophilus zeamais, on the tested rates; the Etofenprox it´s not present any synergistic effect with Fenitrotion; eucalypt oil was more controlling than the untreated and prevented oviposition; the attack of insects directly affects moisture content of grains; the moisture rate of grains interfered in the control time of the products used.
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Souza, Felipe Hermínio Oliveira. "Efeitos abióticos na composição do óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis: influência na mortalidade e repelência de Sitophilus zeamais." Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6560.
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Abiotic factors may interfere in production of plant secondary metabolites and consequently influence the bioactivity of these compounds on insect pests. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different agricultural practices (irrigation, mineral fertilizer and organic manure) in chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) of Lippia gracilis and its effects on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais.The chemical compositions of EO from plants of L. gracilis cultured on different treatments were analyzed using GC-MS and GC-FID. The carvacrol was the major component of EO in different agricultural practices followed by thymol and ñ-cymene.These three monoterpenes were used in subsequent bioassays. Cultivation practices did not significantly affect the composition of the OEs of L. gracilis. However, small variations in the composition of EOs resulted in different biological responses to S. zeamais. All EOs of L. gracilis and its main monoterpenes applied topically showed low toxicity on S. zeamais after 84 hours exposure at a dose 10 mg g-1. However, these same compounds were highly toxic to S. zeamais by fumigation. The time required to cause 50% mortality of the pest was 28.4 hours on average, ranging from 17.3 to 40.8 hours between treatments. The toxic action of carvacrol, thymol and EOs of L. gracilis (no irrigation/fertilization mineral and 40 t ha-1 organic fertilizer) were the fastest, LT50=18,3. The magnitude of the variation of CL50 and CL99 were 1.9 and 2.1 times. The concentration needed to cause 50 to 99% mortality of the pest was on average 69 and 260 ìl l-1, respectively.Considering the LC50 and LC99, the more toxic OEs of L. gracilis were obtained from plants grown in the absence of mineral fertilizer and in the presence of organic manure with of 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1 (no irrigation) and 40 and 60 t ha-1 (with irrigation). Much of the activity of the EOs of L. gracilis is due to the major compound carvacrol. It took only 27.2 and 92.2 l ìl l-1 to cause 50% and 99 % mortality of adult S. zeamais. The toxic activity of this monoterpene was still one of the fastest (LT50 = 17.3 and LT99 = 70.8 hours). Already the thymol and ñ-cymene awere compounds of low toxicity to adult S. zeamais (LC50= 4,4 e 26,1 respectively). Generally, the EOs of L. gracilis and the monoterpenes applied at lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.1% v/v) showed a neutral effect (not significant) or attractive (negative and significant) in all periods analyzed. At concentration 10% (v/v) almost all treatments were repellents to S. zeamais at any time analyzed (repellence > 50%). Major indexes repellency (54-86%) were observed in treatments irrigated and with maximum organic manure, at concentrations of 1 and 10% (v/v). Thus, our results show the great potential of EO of L. gracilis and its major compound for the development of new products and programs for use in integrated pest management of stored grain.<br>Fatores abioticos podem interferir na producao de metabolitos secundarios de plantas e consequentemente influenciar na bioatividade destes compostos sobre insetos-praga. Assim, neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influencia de diferentes praticas agricolas (irrigacao, adubacao quimica e organica) na composicao quimica do oleo essencial (OE) de Lippia gracilis e seus efeitos na mortalidade e repelencia do gorgulho do milho Sitophilus zeamais. As composicoes quimicas dos OEs das plantas de L. gracilis cultivadas sobre diferentes tratamentos foram analisadas usando CG-MS e CG-FID. As praticas de cultivo nao afetaram significativamente a composicao dos OEs de L. gracilis, o carvacrol foi o componente majoritario dos OEs nas diferentes praticas agricolas, seguido pelo timol e Ï-cimeno. Estes tres monoterpenos foram utilizados nos bioensaios posteriores. Pequenas variacoes na composicao dos OEs resultaram em diferentes respostas biologicas de S. zeamais. Todos os OEs de L. gracilis aplicados topicamente mostraram baixa toxicidade sobre S. zeamais apos 84 horas de exposicao na dose 10 mg g-1. Contudo, estes mesmos compostos foram altamente toxicos a S. zeamais por fumigacao. O tempo necessario para causar 50% de mortalidade desta praga foi em media 28,4 horas; variando de 17,3 a 40,8 horas entre os tratamentos. A acao toxica do carvacrol, timol e do OEs de L. gracilis (ausencia de irrigacao/adubacao mineral e 40 t ha-1 de adubacao organica) foram as mais rapidas, TL50=18,3. A magnitude da variacao das CL50 e CL99 foram de 1,9 e 2,1 vezes. A concentracao necessaria para causar 50 e 99% de mortalidade desta praga foi em media 69 e 260 Êl l-1, respectivamente. Considerando as CL50 e CL99, os OEs de L. gracilis mais toxicos foram obtidos de plantas cultivadas na ausencia de adubacao mineral e presenca de adubacao organica com 20, 40 e 60 t ha-1 (sem irrigacao) e 40 e 60 t ha-1 (com irrigacao). Grande parte da atividade dos OEs de L. gracilis deve-se ao composto majoritario carvacrol. Foram necessarios apenas 27,2 e 92,2 Êl l-1 para causar 50 e 99% de mortalidade a adultos de S. zeamais. A atividade toxica deste monoterpeno foi de TL50 = 17,3 e TL99 = 70,8 horas. Ja o timol e Ï-cimeno foram os compostos de menor toxicidade a adultos de S. zeamais (CL50= 4,4 e 26,1 respectivamente). De forma geral, os OEs de L. gracilis e os monoterpenos utilizados nas menores concentracoes (0,01 e 0,1% v/v) apresentaram efeito neutro (nao significativo) ou atrativo (negativo e significativo) em todos os tempos analisados. Ja na concentracao 10% (v/v) quase todos os tratamentos foram repelentes a S. zeamais em qualquer tempo analisado (repelencia > 50%). Maiores indices de repelencia (54-86%) foram observadas nos tratamentos irrigados com maxima adubacao organica e concentracao 1 e 10% (v/v). Assim, nossos resultados mostram o grande potencial do OE de L. gracilis e seu composto majoritario para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e utilizacao em programas de manejo integrado de pragas de graos armazenados.
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Simonetti, Ana Paula Morais Mourão. "Uso de crambe no controle de sitophilus zeamais mots. Em milho armazenado." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2961.
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-07<br>Maize has been of great importance as a cereal for the whole Brazilian, but not all harvested grains are used immediately, so much of the production is stored. So, pests are among the factors that affect the quality of stored grains. Sitophilus zeamais has been one of the biggest causes of losses, both in quantitative and qualitative for grains and seeds. Thus, pesticides usually applied to control this weevil can poison the applicators and cause pest resistance or even environmental damage. Therefore, there is an investigation for less aggressive alternatives as a control, and one of them is applying plants with insecticidal or repellent potential. So, this trial aimed at evaluating the effect powder, aqueous extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts of Crambe abyssinica on their survival, emergence, mortality and attractiveness of Sitophilus zeamais, besides its effects on corn seeds treated with this extract. This research was divided into three stages: the first one tested powder and aqueous extracts of crambe at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% concentrations in survival, emergence, mortality, attractiveness, repellency and insecticidal action. During the second stage, the same concentrations of crambe extract were tested as in the other ones, but with a hydroalcoholic extract; in order to evaluate survival, emergence, mortality and insecticidal effect on Sitophilus Zeamais. The best effective results were observed with the application of crambe hydroalcohol extracts. The third step evaluated the use of these hydroalcoholic extracts in the following concentrations: 0%, 5%, 15% and 25% concerning attractiveness and insecticidal effect on insects, besides the physiological quality of corn seeds. The obtained results allowed the following conclusions: 1. aqueous extract of crambe grains provides less survival and emergence percentages of Sitophilus zeamais as well as lower consumption of treated corn grains, in relation to the use of crambe grain powder. 2. The hydroalcoholic extract of crambe has insecticidal potential on Sitophilus zeamais, and as concentration increases, from 0 to 4%, the results are more effective. It is also less attractive to the insect, since it provided a decrease in the number of corn grains infested by the pest and the number of insects that emerged from these grains in relation to its non-use. 3. 25% concentration of hydroalcoholic extract in crambe grains yields a high mortality rate (65%); 4. 15% concentration of hydroalcoholic extract in crambe grains stimulates germination percentage, normal seedlings and mass of corn seedlings; 5. 25% concentration hydroalcoholic extract of crambe grains does not negatively influence germination or initial development parameters of maize; and 6. Maize treated with hydroalcohol extract of crambe, stored until 60 days, stimulates germination, mass and length of maize seedlings. Therefore, new research is suggested to develop commercial product based on hydroalcoholic extract of crambe at 25% concentration.<br>O milho é um cereal de grande importância para todo o país, mas nem todos os grãos colhidos são utilizados imediatamente, assim, grande parte da produção é armazenada. Dentre os fatores que afetam a qualidade do grão armazenado estão as pragas, sendo o Sitophilus zeamais uma das maiores causadoras de perdas, tanto quantitativas como qualitativas para grãos e sementes. Para seu controle, via de regra são utilizados agrotóxicos, que podem causar intoxicação aos aplicadores, resistência da praga ou mesmo danos ambientais. Para evitar esse efeitos, é necessária a busca de alternativas de controle menos agressivas e, uma delas, é o uso de plantas com potencial inseticida ou repelente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de pó, extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos de Crambe abyssinica quanto à sobrevivência, emergência, mortalidade e atratividade do Sitophilus zeamais, além de seus efeitos sobre as sementes de milho tratadas com esse extrato. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas, a primeira testou pó e extratos aquosos de crambe nas concentrações de 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% e 4% na sobrevivência, emergência, mortalidade, atratividade, repelência e ação inseticida. Na segunda etapa foram testadas as mesmas concentrações do extrato de crambe que na primeira, porém, de extrato hidroalcoólico, nas quais foram avaliadas a sobrevivência, a emergência, a mortalidade e o efeito inseticida sobre o Sitophilus zeamais. Após observados resultados mais efetivos com o uso de extratos hidroalcoólicos de crambe, a terceira etapa avaliou o uso de extratos hidroalcoólicos nas concentrações: 0%, 5%, 15% e 25% na atratividade e efeito inseticida sobre os insetos; além da qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho. Os resultados obtidos permitiram chegar as seguintes conclusões: 1. O extrato aquoso de grãos de crambe proporciona menor sobrevivência e emergência do Sitophilus zeamais e menor consumo dos grãos de milho tratados, em relação ao uso de pó de grãos de crambe; 2. O extrato hidroalcoólico de crambe tem potencial inseticida sobre o Sitophilus zeamais e à medida que aumenta a concentração, de 0 a 4%, mais efetivo é o resultado; além de ser menos atrativo ao inseto, já que proporcionou a diminuição do número de grãos de milho infestados pela praga e o número de insetos emergidos desses grãos, em relação ao não uso do mesmo; 3. O extrato hidroalcoólico de grãos de crambe na concentração de 25% proporciona taxa de mortalidade alta (65%); 4. O extrato hidroalcoólico de grãos de crambe a 15% estimula a porcentagem de germinação, plântulas normais e massa das plântulas de milho; 5. O extrato hidroalcoólico de grãos de crambe na concentração de 25% não influencia negativamente a germinação nem os parâmetros de desenvolvimento inicial do milho; 6. Milho tratado com extrato hidroalcoólico de crambe armazenado por até 60 dias, estimula a germinação, a massa e comprimento de plântulas de milho. Assim, sugerem-se novas pesquisas para desenvolvimento de produto comercial à base de extrato hidroalcoólico de crambe na concentração de 25%.
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SANTOS, Izanielle Batista dos. "Eficácia inseticida da terra diatomácea e resposta comportamental de populações de Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.(Coleoptera, Curculionidae)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6529.
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-29<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Brazil is a country with enormous potential for the production of grain. However, the country faces serious problems in the control of stored grain pests. The Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive pests of corn, whose control is done by insecticides, however, their indiscriminate use has led to the development of resistant populations. In this context, Diatomaceous Earth stands in the control of stored grain pests. In view of this, the objective of this study was to investigate whether there are differences among Brazilian populations of S. zeamais in its Diatomaceous Earth resistance capacity associated with some behavioral characteristics of locomotion and of S. zeamais control efficiency. We used four populations of S. zeamais from the states of the Federal District (DF), Minas Gerais (MG) and Pernambuco (PE). The bioassay control efficiency was structured in a factorial (3 doses of Diatomaceous Earth x 3 exposure times) with four replications. Each repetition was constituted by ten adult insects, placed in Petri dishes containing corn treated with diatomaceous earth. The number of live insects by repetition after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure to Diatomaceous Earth. The behavioral bioassay was structured in a factorial (4 people x 3 doses of Diatomaceous Earth), where each repetition consisted of a single insect housed in the Petri dish. The movement of the insects was recorded and their locomotor behavior was observed for ten minutes. The tested variables were distance (cm) traversal velocity (cm. S-1), moving time (s) and number of stops. The results demonstrate an increased mortality of insects S. zeamais with increasing doses. There was also different responses among populations of S. zeamais in their behavioral resilience associated with decrease in distance traveled, the number of stops of insects with increasing doses. Confirming the existence of behavioral resistance in populations of S. zeamais studied. In view of this, the elucidation of possible behavioral changes in populations of S. zeamais exposed to Diatomaceous Earth can provide new ways to increase the effectiveness in the management of this pest.<br>O Brasil é um país com enorme potencial para a produção de grãos. No entanto, o país enfrenta sérios problemas no controle de pragas de grãos armazenados. O Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) é uma das pragas mais destrutivas do milho, cujo controle é feito por inseticidas, entretanto, seu uso indiscriminado tem ocasionado o desenvolvimento de populações resistentes. Neste contexto, a Terra Diatomácea destaca-se no controle de pragas de grãos armazenados. Em vista disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se há diferença entre as populações brasileiras de S. zeamais na sua capacidade de resistência à Terra Diatomácea associada a alguma característica comportamental de locomoção e a eficiência de controle de S. zeamais. Foram utilizadas quatro populações de S. zeamais provenientes dos estados do Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG) e Pernambuco (PE). O bioensaio eficiência de controle foi estruturado em um fatorial (3 doses de Terra Diatomácea x 3 tempos de exposição) com quatro repetições. Cada repetição foi constituída por dez insetos adultos, colocados em placas de Petri contendo milho tratado com Terra Diatomácea. Foi contabilizado o número de insetos vivos por repetição após 24, 48 e 72 horas de exposição a Terra Diatomácea. O bioensaio comportamental foi estruturado em um fatorial (4 populações x 3 doses de Terra Diatomácea), onde cada repetição foi constituída por um único inseto alojado em placa de Petri. O movimento dos insetos foi gravado e seu comportamento locomotor foi observado durante dez minutos. As variáveis testadas foram distância percorrida (cm), velocidade de caminhamento (cm. s-1), tempo em movimento (s), e número de paradas. Os resultados demonstram uma mortalidade crescente de insetos de S. zeamais com o incremento das doses. Observou-se também, respostas diferentes entre as populações de S. zeamais em sua capacidade de resistência comportamental associada a diminuição da distância percorrida e do número de paradas dos insetos com o incremento das doses. Confirmando a existência de resistência comportamental nas populações de S. zeamais estudadas. À vista disso, a elucidação de possíveis modificações comportamentais de populações de S. zeamais expostas à Terra Diatomácea pode proporcionar novos caminhos para aumentar a efetividade no manejo dessa praga.
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COITINHO, Rodrigo Leandro Braga de Castro. "Atividade inseticida de óleos essenciais sobre Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2009. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6061.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-02<br>The essential oils are promising alternative for the management of Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize. In this investigation, toxicity, repellency and persistence of essential oils in stored maize were evaluated using S. zeamais. The oil’s LC50s from leaves of Piper hispidinervum, Eugenia uniflora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, eugenol compound, Piper marginatum, Schinus terebinthifolius and Melaleuca leucadendron and green fruits of S terebinthifolius, in the tests of contact and ingestion were estimated at 1.0; 11.6; 14.2; 14.8; 21.1; 57.7, 75.8 and 98.8 μL/40g maize, respectively. In fumigation tests for adults, the LC50s ranged from 94.7 to 0.53 μL/L of air and the toxicity ratios ranged from 178.7 to 2.0. In the fumigation for larvae with 7 to 14 days of age, only eugenol did not differ from control concerning number of adults emerged. In larvae with 7 to 21 days, the oils of green fruits from S. terebinthifolius and P. hispidinervum showed the best performance in relation to the control. Percentages of repellency varied between 97.4 (P. marginatum and C. zeylanicum) to 81% (P. hispidinervum). In the initial storage period (after impregnation), mortality of S. zeamais ranged between 93.8 (P. hispidinervum, Melaleucaleucadendron and eugenol) to 100% (E. uniflora, green fruits of S. terebinthifolius and P. marginatum). From 30 days, mortality generally decreased, except for P. marginatum (92.2%). According to the regression equations adjusted for the number of S. zeamais emerged throughoutthe storage period, there was no statistical significance for the oils of S. terebinthifolius and P. marginatum and control. For the average, the oil from P. marginatum was the most persistent, providing emergency of only 0.30 insects differing from the other oils and the control.<br>Os óleos essenciais constituem alternativa promissora para o manejo de Sitophilus zeamais em milho armazenado. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a toxicidade, a repelência e a persistência de óleos essenciais em milho armazenado, utilizando-se S. zeamais. As CL50s dos óleos de folhas de Piper hispidinervum, Eugenia uniflora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, composto eugenol, Piper marginatum, Schinus terebinthifolius, e Melaleuca leucadendron e de frutos verdes de S terebinthifolius, nos testes de contato e ingestão, foram estimadas em 1,0; 11,6; 14,2; 14,8; 21,1; 57,7; 75,8 e 98,8 μL/40g de milho, respectivamente. Nos testes de fumigação para adultos, as CL50s variaram entre 94,7 a 0,53 μL/L de ar e as razões de toxicidade estiveram entre 178,7 a 2,0. Na fumigação para larvas de 7 a 14 dias de idade, apenas o eugenol não diferiu da testemunha, quanto ao número de adultos emergidos. Em larvas com 7 a 21 dias, os óleos de frutos verdes de S. terebinthifolius e de P. hispidinervum apresentaram o melhor desempenho, em relação à testemunha. As percentagens de repelência variaram entre 97,4 (P. marginatum e C. zeylanicum) a 81% (P. hispidinervum). No período inicial de armazenamento (logo após a impregnação), asmortalidades de S. zeamais variaram entre 93,8 (P. hispidinervum, Melaleuca leucadendron e eugenol) a 100% (E. uniflora, frutos verdes de S. terebinthifolius e P. marginatum). A partir dos 30 dias, as mortalidades, de um modo geral, decresceram, com exceção de P. marginatum(92,2%). De acordo com as equações de regressão ajustadas para o número de S. zeamais emergidos em todo o período de armazenamento, não houve significância estatística para os óleos de S. terebinthifolius e de P. marginatum e testemunha. Em relação à média geral, o óleo de P. marginatum foi o mais persistente, proporcionando emergência de apenas 0,30 insetos, diferindo dos demais óleos e da testemunha.
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Gimenes, Leila. "Estudo fitoquímico de Annona sylvatica (Annonaceae). Avaliação das atividades inseticida e fungicida frente às formigas cortadeiras e seu fungo simbionte e ao gorgulho do milho." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6570.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-27<br>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos<br>The leaf-cutting ants are social species, living in permanent colonies. The genera of the greater importance, Atta (saúvas) and Acromyrmex (quenquéns), are the major plagues of Brazilian agriculture, to cause serious damages by its large and uncontrolled grazing, which leads to serious economic losses for many agrosystems. In the same way, the corn maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, belonging to the family Curculionidae, is the major pest species of stored corn. The corn grains are drilled and damaged by larvae and adults, causing numerous qualitative and quantitative losses of corn grains disabling its marketing. As the consequence, the effective control of these plagues is extremely important for agriculture and economy that aims to provide the nacional and international market quality products with high commercial value. In this context, the phytochemistry study of Annona sylvatica provides an alternative way to control these plagues, since that studies of these species showed a wide variety of natural products with promising activities, including, insecticide and fungicide, due to the large presence of acetogenins and lignans as secondary metabolites. This study allowed the isolation of fourteen compounds (four lignans, four acetogenins, three alkaloids and three steroids), however were identified eleven compounds due to the high structural complexity presented for the acetogenins. The identification techniques employed have been using single and two-dimensional spectra of 1H and 13C NMR and Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/NMR; HPLC/ESI-MS/MS e HPLC/APCI-MS/MS). For the biological tests, the ethanolic extract of the seeds stood out as potentially toxic to three bioassays cited above. The leaves and branches dichlorometanic fractions obtained by liquid-liquid partitioning of the extracts were toxic for leaf-cutting ants and their symbiotic fungus. Among the acetogenins isolated, only one of them showed a significant activity against corn maize weevil.<br>As formigas cortadeiras são espécies sociais, vivendo em colônias permanentes. Os gêneros de maior importância econômica, Atta (saúvas) e Acromyrmex (quenquéns), são as principais pragas da agricultura brasileira, por causarem sérios danos pela sua grande e descontrolada herbivoria, o que gera sérios prejuízos econômicos para muitos agroecossitemas. Nessa mesma vertente, o gorgulho do milho, Sitophilus zeamais, pertencente à família Curculionídea, é a principal espécie praga do milho armazenado. Os grãos são perfurados e danificados pelas larvas e adultos, inutilizando sua comercialização. Como consequência, o controle eficaz de tais pragas é de extrema importância para a agricultura e economia do país que visa oferecer ao mercado nacional e internacional produtos de qualidade e alto valor comercial. Nesse contexto, o estudo fitoquímico de Annona sylvatica fornece uma forma alternativa de controle a estas pragas, uma vez que estudos destas espécies mostraram uma ampla variedade de produtos naturais com atividades promissoras, entre elas, inseticida e fungicida, devido à ampla presença de acetogeninas e lignanas como metabólitos secundários. Este estudo resultou no isolamento de 14 compostos (quatro lignanas, quatro acetogeninas, três alcaloides e três esteroides), no entanto, foram identificados 11 compostos, devido à alta complexidade estrutural apresentada para as acetogeninas. As técnicas de identificação utilizadas foram através dos espectros uni e bidimensionais de RMN 1H e 13C e por Espectrometria de Massas (HPLC/NMR; HPLC/ESI-MS/MS e HPLC/APCI-MS/MS). Para os ensaios biológicos, o extrato etanólico das sementes destacou-se como potencial tóxico frente aos três bioensaios citados acima. As frações diclorometânicas das folhas e ramos obtidas através do particionamento líquido-líquido dos extratos foram tóxicas para as formigas cortadeiras e seu fungo simbionte. Dentre as acetogeninas isoladas, apenas uma apresentou uma atividade significativa frente ao gorgulho do milho.
Books on the topic "Maize weevil"
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Throne, James Edward. A bibliography of maize weevils Sitophilus zeamais Metschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Maize weevil"
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Ndiso, J. B., S. Mugo, A. M. Kibe, R. S. Pathaka, and P. Likhayo. "Determination of Maize Landraces for Resistance to Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) and Larger Grain Borer (Prostephanus truncates): A Case Study from Kenya." In Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6. B P International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/eias/v6/5861b.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Maize weevil"
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"Prediction of maize weevil population growth rate." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141908072.
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Vrabič Brodnjak, Urška, and Pasquale Trematerra. "Pasta packaging with bio-based barrier to prevent insect infestation." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p22.
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The results of the infestation by maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in various packages filled with pasta are presented. Three different types of packaging were used, i.e. two paper tubes (a novel one laminated with bio-based polyethylene and one without lamination) and a commercially available polypropylene pillow pouch packaging. Material properties such as moisture and water resistance and compressive strength were analysed. The results obtained showed that adult maize weevils revealed significant preferences to penetrate the pasta packaging through the already existing holes that were present in the polypropylene packaging, whereas no infestation was observed inside the paper tube packaging. The study showed that the shape and construction, e.g. tube packaging with an innovative bio-polyethylene film, is very effective against insect infestation and mechanical overload.
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Emil, Georgescu. "Maize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollisGyll): Present situation in Romania." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110355.
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"IS FLINT CORN NATURALLY RESISTANT TO MAIZE WEEVIL INFESTATION?" In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141897867.
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Aina, Olufisayo A. "Potency ofCitrus paradisirind essential oil against the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111767.
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Musa, Abdulrasak Kanike. "Influence of improved maize genotypes on the survival of maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in storage." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105777.
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Abdou Kadi Kadi, Hame. "Assessing efficacy of botanicals to control maize weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored sorghum grain." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114909.
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"Laboratory-scale hermetic storage of wheat and maize against the infestation of red flour beetle (Tribalism castaneum) and maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152188563.
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Sitthichaiyakul, Saruta. "Host-age preference ofTheocolax elegans (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a larval parasitoid of maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92923.
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Liu, Zhicai, Guanhong Zhang, Haiying Yang, Muyi Sun, Hao Dang, and Xiaoguang Zhou. "Application of Object Detection Algorithm in Identification of Rice Weevils and Maize Weevils." In the 2018 2nd International Conference. ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3234804.3234820.
Full textReports on the topic "Maize weevil"
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Harms, Nathan, Matthew Purcell, Patrick Hafliger, et al. Surveys in Native and Introduced Ranges (2018–2021) for Natural Enemies of Yellow Floating Heart, Nymphoides peltata Kunth. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49424.
Full textAbstract:
Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), a widespread aquatic invasive plant in the US, is currently under investigation for biological control development. From 2018 to 2021, we conducted native (Europe: 14 locations; Asia: 80 locations) and introduced (US: 39 locations) range surveys to create a list of candidate agents and collect baseline infestation data for comparison. We genetically characterized populations and determined those most-closely related to US N. peltata were European. However, we found no promising agents in that region, except for previously reported fungal pathogens. In Asia, several herbivores were identified as potential agents based on observed damage in situ and previous literature reports about host specificity. These included three species of Bagous weevils, one of which may be Bagous charbenensi, and an unidentified leaf-mining Hydrellia fly. During domestic surveys, generalist leaf-cutting caterpillars were common, similar to the native range. A major discovery was the dam-aging fungal pathogen, Septoria villarsiae, isolated from plants in a private pond in Maine—the first record in the Western hemisphere. The next steps for this program should include preliminary host specificity and impact assessments of S. villarsiae, the fruit-feeding Bagous spp. in China and Korea, and the leaf-mining Hydrellia sp. fly from South Korea.