Academic literature on the topic 'Major Chemical Accidents'

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Journal articles on the topic "Major Chemical Accidents"

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Hussin, N. E., Anwar Johari, Kamarizan Kidam, and Haslenda Hashim. "Major Hazards of Process Equipment Failures in the Chemical Process Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.75.

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Process equipment failures play significant roles in most accidents that occur and recur in the chemical process industry resulting in fire, explosion, and toxic release. In this study, 50 equipment-related accident investigation reports were used to analyze type and severity of incidents. The comprehensive accident report data were retrieved from U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) and U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident databases with a mean year of 2005. Among the identified process equipment failures were piping systems (32%), storage tanks (20%)
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Preobrazhensky, V. N., and K. V. Lyadov. "Major Chemical Accidents in Russia (Preparedness, Cooperation)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, S1 (1999): S21—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00033252.

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Napier, D. H. "Preventing major chemical & related process accidents." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 1, no. 4 (1988): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(88)85010-1.

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Sales, J., F. Mushtaq, M. D. Christou, and R. Nomen. "Study of Major Accidents Involving Chemical Reactive Substances." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 85, no. 2 (2007): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/psep06012.

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Xue, Peng Li, Xiao Feng Sun, Yun Song, Yan Jun Cheng, and De Zhi Sun. "Risk Prevention and Emergency Countermeasures to Environmental Accidents of Chemical Industry Parks." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.798.

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Due to the high population density, the environmental accidents would caused the serious social impact and economic loss in China.The chemical parks are the major environmental risk sources. The environmental risk categories are introduced and the corresponding risk prevention measures of chemical industral park to environmental accident are researched in the paper. Moreover, the hazards reduce measures of environmental accidents around the chemical park ,which including the hazardous chemical monitoring, environmental pollution integrated emergency exercise,et al.,are also discussed.
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Kiranoudis, C. "An operational centre for managing major chemical industrial accidents." Journal of Hazardous Materials 89, no. 2-3 (2002): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00299-0.

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Er, Jweeping, Howard C. Kunreuther, and Isadore Rosenthal. "Utilizing Third-Party Inspections for Preventing Major Chemical Accidents." Risk Analysis 18, no. 2 (1998): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb00926.x.

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Brocal, Francisco, Cristina González, Genserik Reniers, Valerio Cozzani, and Miguel Sebastián. "Risk Management of Hazardous Materials in Manufacturing Processes: Links and Transitional Spaces between Occupational Accidents and Major Accidents." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101915.

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Manufacturing processes involving chemical agents are evolving at great speed. In this context, managing chemical risk is especially important towards preventing both occupational accidents and major accidents. Directive 89/391/EEC and Directive 2012/18/EU, respectively, are enforced in the European Union (EU) to this end. These directives may be further complemented by the recent ISO 45001:2018 standard regarding occupational health and safety management systems. These three management systems are closely related. However, scientific literature tackles the researching of these accidents indep
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Panteleeva, Maria, Rositsa Chamova, Nikolina Radeva, and Hristianna Romanova. "ANTHROPOGENIC DISASTERS ON BULGARIAN TERRITORY: CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS ON LAND AND AT SEA." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 27, no. 2 (2021): 3718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2021272.3718.

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Natural and anthropogenic disasters become more frequent worldwide. As technology advances, the risk of major industrial accidents increases. Often accidents in the chemical and oil industry, in agriculture, or during transportation, lead to mass poisoning and extensive environmental pollution. The particularities of the medical support in case of such chemical incidents are challenging the healthcare system. The article aims to analyze the chemical accidents and the measures taken to reduce their effect in Bulgaria and in the Black sea aquatory. Historical and documentary methods have been us
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Grossel, Stanley S. "Major accident reporting system: Lessons learned from accidents notified." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 8, no. 6 (1995): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(95)90022-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Major Chemical Accidents"

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Solini, Riccardo. "Data Analytics for Chemical Process Risk Assessement: Learning Lessons from Past Events towards Accident Prediction." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Il potenziale per la generazione di dati è cresciuto esponenzialmente al giorno d’oggi. In questo contesto, la disciplina di machine learning è suggerita. Questo lavoro suggerisce un approccio per analizzare dati eterogenei riguardanti incidenti passati avvenuti nelle industrie di processo ed estrarre importanti informazioni per supportare il processo decisionale relativo alla sicurezza. Lo strumento di machine learning utilizzato è la libreria open source TensorFlow. Diversi modelli vengono costruiti attraverso il suo uso: un modello lineare, un modello di deep learning basato sulle reti neur
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MACHADO, ALETHEIA DE ALMEIDA. "THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL NORM IN THE CHEMICAL SAFETY REALM FROM BHOPAL TO THE CONVENTION 174 OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5210@1.

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Esta dissertação trata do processo de construção social da norma internacional, na área de segurança química. Partiu- se de uma realidade local --- a ocorrência de um acidente industrial ampliado --- e de seus impactos sobre o ambiente internacional. Nesse sentido, foi fundamental perceber aquela realidade local como um fato social, construído por meio de uma conscientização ambiental ou anuência coletiva mais ampla. Daquele processo de construção social, aliás, faz parte a constituição dessa consciência coletiva quanto às ameaças ambientais, fortalecida politicamente pelo aval d
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Schüllerová, Barbora. "Ochrana osob před dopady závažných chemických havárií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232702.

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Population Protection againts Impacts from Major Chemical Accident in recent years is an important area to address. This thesis focuses on the current situation and preventive security measures in protecting the population against the effects of serious chemical accidents. Specifically, it focuses on the Czech Republic and toxic industrial chemicals, explosive and flammable. A detailed analysis of the current situation in the Czech Republic with risk areas relating to chemical industry and hazardous chemicals was worked out. An analysis of the current status of population protection from the e
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Obadalová, Kristýna. "Analýza rizik vybraných nebezpečných chemických látek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216687.

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An extensive bibliographic search of domestic and foreign resources was elaborated within the diploma thesis. In the sphere of major accident prevention, risk analysis and assessment are necessary to fulfill the aims. The development of this sphere is mentioned in the thesis. It also discusses reasons why the exact and detailed instruction for those analyses cannot be provided and why the standard methods of risk analysis cannot be introduced (as well as the methods for particular risk recipients). The thesis also discusses available software tools for evaluating the emergency impacts. The stu
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Books on the topic "Major Chemical Accidents"

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Surviving major chemical accidents and chemical/biological warfare. Loompanics Unlimited, 1986.

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Parliament, Canada Library of. Major chemical accidents: Are we prepared? Library of Parliament, 1990.

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Milko, Robert Joseph. Major chemical accidents: Are we prepared? Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1990.

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A, Stallworthy E., ed. Safety in the chemical industry: Lessons from major disasters. GP Pub., 1988.

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International, Symposium on Preventing Major Chemical Accidents (1987 Washington D. C. ). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Preventing Major Chemical Accidents: February 3-5, 1987, Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D.C. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1987.

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Bond, R. P. M. Major spills and incidents: A report for CEST's Industry and the Environment Project. Centre for Exploitation of Science and Technology, 1991.

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International Program on Chemical Safety., ed. Prevention of major industrial accidents: An ILO contribution to the International Programme of Chemical Safety of UNEP, the ILO, and the WHO (IPCS). International Labour Office, 1991.

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Preventing major chemical and related process accidents. Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1988.

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Meharg, Andrew A. Major Chemical Accidents and their Impact on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Springer, 1998.

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Philips, Harry. Explosions in the Process Industries: A Report of the Major Hazards Assessment Panel Overpressure Working Party (Major Hazards Monograph) - IChemE (Major Hazards Monograph). 2nd ed. Inst of Chemical Engineers UK, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Major Chemical Accidents"

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Kulling, P. "Major Chemical Accidents: Medical and Organizational Aspects." In Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84734-9_61.

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Meharg, A. A. "Ecological Impact of Major Industrial Chemical Accidents." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2672-7_2.

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Kukkonen, J., A. L. Savolainen, I. Valkama, S. Juntto, and T. Vesala. "Atmospheric Dispersion of Ammonia Released in a Major Chemical Accident in Ionava, Lithuania." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application VIII. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3720-5_59.

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Kyaw, K., and N. Paltrinieri. "Reputational Damage After Major Accidents." In Dynamic Risk Analysis in the Chemical and Petroleum Industry. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803765-2.00018-4.

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"Environmental consequences of chemical accidents Report of OECD Special Session (extracts)." In Major Accidents to the Environment. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075068389-0.50011-3.

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Kyaw, K., and N. Paltrinieri. "Estimation of Reputational Damage from Major Accidents." In Dynamic Risk Analysis in the Chemical and Petroleum Industry. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803765-2.00019-6.

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Holla, Katarina, and Eva Sventekova. "Risk Management in the Area of Major Industrial Accident Prevention in the EU and Slovak Republic." In Risk Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98406.

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The SEVESO II and III Directives relate to approximately 12,000 EU establishments working with the hazardous substances. The majority of EU member states implement new requirements of the SEVESO III Directive to their legal environment. The third revision goes hand in hand with the enforcement of the CLP legislation, concerning the Classification, Labelling and Packaging of chemical substances and mixtures. Risk Management is appearing as one of the most important challenges nowadays to raise the prevention level in these establishments. The book chapter analyses the industrial accidents and identified consequences and impacts whose results can be implemented to the effective prevention. The benefit of this chapter is the summarisation of the legal regulations, information systems and especially the statistics of the industrial accidents in Slovakia and the EU. The risk assessment is one of the problem areas of prevention therefore, it was necessary to present the methods and techniques utilised here and to clarify the approach used in the Slovak Republic. The programme ALOHA is most frequently used for modelling the consequences and therefore we presented its possible utilisation on a particular example at the end of this article. The main goal of this chapter is to show how is important to proceed risk management in establishments with hazardous substances is, what kind of methods should be use here to decrease risks and possibilities for modelling its impacts.
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Maynard Smith, John, and Eors Szathmary. "What is life?" In The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198502944.003.0006.

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Imagine that, when the first spacemen step out of their craft onto the surface of one of the moons of Jupiter, they are confronted by an object the size of a horse, rolling towards them on wheels, and bearing on its back a concave disc pointing towards the Sun. They will at once conclude that the object is alive, or has been made by something alive. If all they find is a purple smear on the surface of the rocks, they will have to work harder to decide. This is the phenotypic approach to the definition of life: a thing is alive if it has parts, or ‘organs’, which perform functions. William Paley explained the machine-like nature of life by the existence of a creator: today, we would invoke natural selection. There are, however, dangers in assuming that any entity with the properties of a self-regulating machine is alive, or an artefact. In section 2.2, we tell the story of a self-regulating atomic reactor, the Oklo reactor, which is neither. This story can be taken in one of three ways. First, it shows the dangers of the phenotypic definition of life: not all complex entities are alive. Second, it illustrates how the accidents of history can give rise spontaneously to surprisingly complex machine-like entities. The relevance of this to the origin of life is obvious. In essence, the problem is the following. How could chemical and physical processes give rise, without natural selection, to entities capable of hereditary replication, which would therefore, from then on, evolve by natural selection? The Oklo reactor is an example of what can happen. Finally, section 2.2 can simply be skipped: the events were interesting, but do not resemble in detail those that led to the origin of life on Earth. There is an alternative to the phenotypic definition of life. It is to define as alive any entities that have the properties of multiplication, variation and heredity. The logic behind this definition, first proposed by Muller (1966), is that a population of entities with these properties will evolve by natural selection, and hence can be expected to acquire the complex adaptations for survival and reproduction that are characteristic of living things.
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David A, Wirth, and Sachs Noah M. "Part V Subject Matter, Ch.33 Hazardous Substances and Activities." In The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198849155.003.0033.

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This chapter analyses the enormous scope of international instruments addressing hazardous substances and activities by assessing both the regulatory junctures and the specific strategies that governments rely upon to reduce risk. It begins with the challenge of identifying which substances are hazardous to human health or the environment (risk assessment) and then discusses the major treaties that regulate chemical hazards (risk management). The chapter also examines treaties and other international instruments governing chemical production, use, labelling, and disposal as well as those governing industrial accidents. It concludes with a discussion of instruments designed to promote pollution prevention and toxics use reduction. Presently there is no single, overarching international framework for addressing environmental and public health risks from hazardous substances and activities.
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Forint, Pavel. "Analysis of the process safety management system in relation to the prevention of major accidents caused by dangerous chemical substances." In Advances in Human Factors, Ergonomics, and Safety in Manufacturing and Service Industries. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/ebk1439834992-101.

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Conference papers on the topic "Major Chemical Accidents"

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Ren, Changxing, Haitao Li, Ning Zhou, and Xiongjun Yuan. "Study on the Risk Analysis and Emergency Management System of Major Accidents in Chemical Industry Park." In 7th Annual Meeting of Risk Analysis Council of China Association for Disaster Prevention (RAC-2016). Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rac-16.2016.65.

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Forsberg, C. W., M. Gorensek, S. Herring, and P. Pickard. "Safety Related Physical Phenomena for Coupled High-Temperature Reactors and Hydrogen Production Facilities." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58223.

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High-temperature reactors are a potential low-carbon source of high-temperature heat for chemical plants—including hydrogen production plants and refineries. Unlike electricity, high temperature heat can only be transported limited distances; thus, the reactor and chemical plants will be close to each other. A critical issue is to understand potential safety challenges to the reactor from the associated chemical plant events to assure nuclear plant safety. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) recently sponsored a Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) exercise to identify po
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Chen, Xuedong, Zhibin Ai, Zhichao Fan, Jiushao Hu, Weihe Guan, and Chuanqing Cheng. "Accidents Investigation and Risk Assessment of Chinese Industrial Pressure Pipelines." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77517.

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In recent years personal casualties and fire explosion accidents are often taken place due to pipe failure accidents of petrochemical enterprises in China. For more than a decade years, the authors have conducted extensive investigation and analysis on these accidents and consider that apart from the causes of man-made quality out-of-control and technical level, another major cause is the absence of experience accumulation of some medium environments induced failure accidents for design standards and codes, design units and designers, therefore, it is unable to prevent and control in-service r
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Rosenthal, Isadore. "OSHA, EPA and Other Stakeholder Responses to the Conclusions and Recommendations of the Chemical Safety Board’s Report on “Improving Reactive Hazard Management” and Some Approaches Towards Resolving Remaining Recommendation Issues." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60442.

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The USA Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) conducted a study of the chemical safety risks posed by the class of reactive hazards. This report, “IMPROVING REACTIVE HAZARD MANAGEMENT” (Report), was issued in October 2002 and its conclusions and recommendations have had significant impacts on how stakeholders view the adequacy of industry and government management of reactive hazards. The continued stream of high profile accidents due to reactive hazards such as Concept Sciences and Toulouse) cause people to also remember that realization of a reactive hazard also led to the acc
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Nieves-Zárate, Margarita. "Ten Years After the Deepwater Horizon Accident: Regulatory Reforms and the Implementation of Safety and Environmental Management Systems in the United States." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204056-ms.

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Abstract The Deepwater Horizon accident is one of the major environmental disasters in the history of the United States. This accident occurred in 2010, when the Deepwater Horizon mobile offshore drilling unit exploded, while the rig's crew was conducting the drilling work of the exploratory well Macondo deep under the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Environmental damages included more than four million barrels of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico, and economic losses total tens of billions of dollars. The accident brought into question the effectiveness of the regulatory regime for preventing
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Carr, Braedon, Bengt Lydell, and Jovica R. Riznic. "Operational Impacts and Consequences of Piping Component Failure: A Review of Operating Experience Data As Recorded in CODAP." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81001.

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Water chemistry plays an important part in maintaining corrosion resistance in water transport systems throughout nuclear power plants (NPP’s). Small changes in liquid chemistry such as pH, borate concentration, or build-up of crud in reactor cooling water can result in rapid degradation or damage to components and lead to unexpected failures. The Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS) and Reactor Water Cleanup System (RWCU) are responsible for maintaining these parameters at appropriate levels, and so failure of either of these systems can result in unnecessary stresses on many other react
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Wang, Li-li, Wang-ping Zhou, and Shi-lin Zhao. "Application of Mini-UAV in Emergency Rescue of Major Accidents of Hazardous Chemicals." In The International Conference on Remote Sensing,Environment and Transportation Engineering. Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rsete.2013.38.

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Inaudi, Daniele, Roberto Walder, and Rob de Bont. "Fast Detection and Localization of Small Leaks in Toxic Pipelines Using Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33443.

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Over the past decades, several major industrial accidents led the chemical industries handling large quantities of dangerous substances and national regulation bodies to reinforce the safety and prevention measures of their installations, in compliance with local laws such as the Seveso II directive in Europe. Indeed, leakages of chemicals can be at the origin of toxic releases, which can have severe consequences on the installations as well as on the environment and nearby inhabitants. Industries are prompted to take all possible measures to reduce the occurrence of such catastrophic events b
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Song, Pan, Zhe Pu, Bin Ren, Jielu Wang, and Shuhong Liu. "Major Hazards Modeling of Pressurized Special Equipment in Chemical Industry Parks Based on FCBPSS Method." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21155.

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Abstract Based on the identification of major hazards of pressurized special equipment (PSE) in chemical industry parks, a domain model of major hazards using FCBPSS (Function-Context-Behavior-Principle-State-Structure) method is built in this paper. The characteristics of this model is that it studies major hazards of PSE in the perspective of system by learning its several important concepts, namely function, context, behavior, principle, state and structure, which provides theoretical basis for further study on the dynamic supervision. Furthermore, the model gives powerful technical support
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Schulz, Terry L., Timothy S. Andreychek, Yong J. Song, and Kevin F. McNamee. "Westinghouse AP1000 Solution to Long-Term Cooling Debris Concerns." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-76026.

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The AP1000 is a pressurized water reactor with passive safety features and extensive plant simplifications that provides significant and measurable improvements in safety, construction, reliability, operation, maintenance and costs. The design of the AP1000 incorporates a standard approach, which results in a plant design that can be constructed in multiple geographical regions with varying regulatory standards and expectations. The AP1000 uses proven technology, which builds on more than 2,500 reactor years of highly successful Westinghouse PWR operation. The AP1000 received Final Design Appr
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