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Journal articles on the topic 'Major Industrial Accident'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Mayer, David L., Scott F. Jones, and Kenneth R. Laughery. "Accident Proneness in the Industrial Setting." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 2 (September 1987): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100213.

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The central notion of the accident proneness concept is that people exposed to equivalent hazards do not have an equal number of accidents. If people were equally accident prone, one would expect accidents to be distributed according to chance. Using accident data collected at Shell Oil Company's Manufacturing Complex in Deer Park, Texas, the present study explored the proneness concept for major (OSHA recordable) and minor accidents by comparing the observed distribution of accidents to a chance distribution. The database contains information on 7131 accidents which occurred between 1981 and 1986. The methodology used to create expected values employed a Poisson distribution and assumed that accidents are distributed randomly among the population at risk. The minor accident data was also analyzed by job family. Chi-square analyses of the differences between the expected and observed distributions were found to be statistically significant, including within each job family. The data for minor accidents indicates a striking difference between the expected and actual distributions. Many more people suffered repeat accidents than would be predicted by chance. Approximately 3.4% of the employees accounted for 21.5% of the accidents. While the differences for major accidents was statistically significant, these results are not nearly so striking. The statistical effects are largely due to five employees who were involved in three major accidents in the five year period. In the context of this very large industrial setting, the problem of individuals having repeated minor accidents is significant and merits attention in developing safety interventions.
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2

Markowski, Adam S., and Dorota Siuta. "Selection of representative accident scenarios for major industrial accidents." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 111 (October 2017): 652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.08.026.

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3

Abbas, Mohsin, and Balkhyour A. Mansour. "A retrospective study about the trend analysis of Industrial accidents in Pakistan." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 5, no. 2 (August 6, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v5i2.14281.

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Background: Occupational accidents in developing countries like Pakistan are obvious due to poor occupational health safety infrastructure. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to analyze the industrial accidents in factories of Pakistan during 1993-2009. Methods and Material: An index value calculation method used to investigate the trends of occupational accidents. Accident rate (103), fatal accident rate (105), and non-fatal accident rate (103) were also calculated. Pakistan Statistical Year Books published by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) used as data source.Results: Data of total 10330 industrial accidents analyzed and decreasing accident rate found with average 3.1 accident per 103 factory workers. Fatal accident increased with an average of 23 fatal accidents per 105 factories workers. Regarding the severity of industrial accidents, minor accidents found at 74% followed by serious (18%) and fatal accidents (8%). Decreased trends of index values and accident rates can associate with the increased human development index of Pakistan, but increased fatal accidents in factories and under-reporting are major areas of concern for safety stakeholders. Conclusions: Despite industrial accidents decreased in factories but more in depth studies with more recent data about the root causes of accidents can be useful to draw a true picture of occupational accidents in Pakistan. Improved social security system in Pakistan can be helpful to the exact recording of occupational accidents data.
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Xue, Peng Li, Xiao Feng Sun, Yun Song, Yan Jun Cheng, and De Zhi Sun. "Lessons Learned From Major Environmental Accidents and Regulations on Hazard Control in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3462.

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China is suffering from severe environmental accidents that many have catastrophic impacts on public health and the environment. It is urgent to update the standards for environmental accidents prevention in China. This paper analyses the causes of fifty-three major accidents that happened in 2008 to obtain insight to help prevent similar events in the future. The results show that production accidents, which were mainly triggered by process analysis, training and human error, were the dominant causes of environmental accidents in China. In addition, current regulations on the control of environmental accident hazards and their implementation are also presented in this paper, which comprise legal requirements centering on hazardous chemicals, industrial safety evaluation, risk analysis and preparation of emergency plans. Based on our analysis, some key points that should be developed in future environmental accident hazard control measures are put forward with the aim of shedding light on decision making and risk management in China.
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Kirchsteiger, Christian. "The functioning and status of the EC's major accident reporting system on industrial accidents." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 12, no. 1 (January 1999): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-4230(98)00035-7.

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Kátai-Urbán, Maxim. "Managing the Environmental Risks of Dangerous Goods Warehouses." Hadmérnök 15, no. 4 (2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32567/hm.2020.4.6.

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Industrial accidents occurring at logistics facilities used for the storage of dangerous goods can have, as a result of contaminated water generated during fires, major environmental consequences to the surface and ground waters. In the present study, the author presents the causes and effects of major industrial accidents that may occur in logistics warehouses used for the storage of dangerous goods, as well as the interpretation of the series of serious accident events. Then he examines the design of facilities for the collection and storage of contaminated fire water.
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7

Grossel, Stanley S. "Major accident reporting system: Lessons learned from accidents notified." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 8, no. 6 (January 1995): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(95)90022-5.

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8

Vaidogas, Egidijus Rytas, and Virmantas Juocevičius. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS: THE BENEFICIAL ROLE OF RISK‐ORIENTED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING / RIZIKA GRINDŽIAMOS KONSTRUKCIJŲ INŽINERIJOS ĮTAKA MAŽINANT SUNKIŲ PRAMONIŲ AVARIJŲ POVEIKĮ DARNIAM VYSTYMUISI." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 612–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2008.14.612-627.

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Sustainable development can be restricted by major accidents which occur in hazardous industries. Almost every major accident may have negative influence on each of the three constituents of the sustainable development: social, environmental and economic part. A characteristic feature of the most of major accidents is severe damage to the structural systems built inside and outside of the industrial facility in which the accident happens. To avoid such accidents or at least to reduce their consequences, structural systems should be designed using a risk‐based approach. On the level of detailed structural design, a formal measure of risk should be introduced and applied to express the effectiveness of the structural solution in terms of accident mitigation and minimization of potential consequences. The structural design should involve the consideration of possible accident scenarios and positive or negative contribution of structures and structural failures to the escalation or de‐escalation of the accident. This can be done by applying the risk‐oriented structural design. A well‐established methodological framework for such a design is provided by the quantitative risk assessment. A consequent application of a risk‐based approach can be one of the risk management tools which will reduce the number of major accidents and thus their negative influence on sustainable development. Santrauka Darnus vystymasis gali būti stabdomas sunkių pramoninių avarijų, kurių kartkartėmis nutinka pavojingose pramonės įmonėse. Beveik kiekviena sunki avarija gali turėti neigiamą įtaką vienam iš trijų darnaus vystymosi komponentų: socialiniam, gamtiniam ir ekonominiam. Būdingas beveik kiekvienos sunkios avarijos bruožas yra rimti konstrukcijų, stovinčių tiek avariją patyrusioj gamykloj, tiek ir už jos, pažeidimai. Norint išvengti tokių avarijų ar bent mažinti jų pasekmes, konstrukcines sistemas reikia projektuoti taikant rizika grindžiamą požiūrį. Rengiant detalų projektą reikia naudoti matematinį rizikos matą, kuriuo galima išreikšti konstrukcinių sprendimų efektyvumą, užkertant avariją ar mažinant jos pasekmes. Projektavimas turėtų aprėpti galimų avarijos scenarijų analizę bei teigiamą ar neigiamą konstrukcijos įtaką potencialiam avarijos eskalavimui ar deeskalavimui. Tai galima atlikti pasitelkiant projektavimą, kuris yra orientuotas į riziką. Metodologinis tokio projektavimo pagrindas yra kiekybinis rizikos vertinimas. Sistemingas jo taikymas yra vienas iš rizikos valdymo būdų, leidžiančių sumažinti sunkių avarijų skaičių ir neigiamą jų įtaką darniajam vystymuisi.
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9

Řeháček, Jakub, Jakub Dlabka, Barbora Baudišová, and Pavel Danihelka. "Major Accident Prevention Risk Communication Effectiveness: A Survey in the Czech Republic." TRANSACTIONS of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series 9, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tvsbses-2014-0007.

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Abstract An effective communication among authorities, citizens and industry is crucial to ensure good awareness of risk and knowledge of adequate reactions in preparedness to major industrial accidents. The present risk communication system in Czech Republic was evaluated by a nationwide survey. The main research was focused on the level of knowledge about risks and appropriate reactions to an accident and on the attitudes towards existing risk communication system. The results of survey indicate that the current system is insufficient and has to be improved to fulfill the requirements of the new Seveso III directive (2012/18/EU) and to secure safety of the citizens.
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10

Shin, In Jae. "The effective control of major industrial accidents by the Major Industrial Accident Prevention Centers (MAPC) through the Process Safety Management (PSM) grading system in Korea." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 26, no. 4 (July 2013): 803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2013.02.011.

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11

Khakzad, Nima, Faisal Khan, and Nicola Paltrinieri. "On the application of near accident data to risk analysis of major accidents." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 126 (June 2014): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2014.01.015.

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12

Johari, K. A., and A. Ramli. "Major Accident Hazard in Bioprocess Facilities: A Challenge To Sustainable Industrial Development." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 736 (March 5, 2020): 022005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/736/2/022005.

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13

Pasculescu, Vlad Mihai, Marius Simion Morar, Cristian Raul Cioara, Ligia Ioana Tuhut, and Andrada Denisa Babut. "Computational Modelling and Prediction of Consequences in Case of Accidental Releases of Hazardous Substances in an Industrial Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 241 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124103003.

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Storing relatively large amounts of hazardous materials under certain conditions can lead to high-risk situations. In industrial units, the assessment of the amplitude and severity of the consequences of the identified major accidents is done in order to provide data on site intervention and emergency planning. This study aims to assess the consequences of untimely releases of hazardous explosive / toxic substances in an industrial unit by graphical modelling and analysis of such accident scenarios using specialized software tools. The main activity of the industrial unit under study consists in the manufacture, processing and marketing of essential oils and their derived products.
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14

Kong, Yaguang, Chenfeng Xie, Song Zheng, Peng Jiang, Meng Guan, and Fang Wang. "Dynamic Early Warning Method for Major Hazard Installation Systems in Chemical Industrial Park." Complexity 2019 (May 20, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6250483.

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The production and storage of major hazard installations (MHIs) bring potential risks to chemical industrial park (CIP). In the production system of MHIs, its dangerous degree is mainly determined by key parameters, and abnormal key parameters often lead to accidents. To predict the real-time risk values of MHIs and improve accident prevention ability of CIP, we need a method that can combine dynamic prediction and assessment. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is not capable of modelling risk variations during the operation of a process. Therefore, this paper adopts the data-driven approach. Inspired by visual qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, a dynamic early warning method is proposed for MHIs. We can get the future trend of these key parameters by using strongly correlation variables to predict key parameters. Fuzzy evaluation analysis is performed on the risk levels of key parameters, and the dynamic evaluation index of these MHIs is obtained. This method can be applied to the dynamic evaluation of MHIs system in CIP. It can contribute to the safety of CIP in some aspects.
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15

Folch-Calvo, Martin, Francisco Brocal-Fernández, Cristina González-Gaya, and Miguel A. Sebastián. "Analysis and Characterization of Risk Methodologies Applied to Industrial Parks." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 7294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187294.

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It is important to evaluate the risks in industrial parks and their processes due to the consequences of major accidents and especially the domino effect. Scientific works present a wide possibility of models to deal with these situations. In this work, based on the information extracted from the scientific literature, six groups of risk methodologies are defined, analyzed, and characterized with methods that cover the standards, preventive, probabilistic, traditional, modern, and dynamic evaluation that are applied or could be used in industrial parks. It also tries to achieve the objective of determining which are more appropriate if the possible situations and causes that can produce an accident are taken into account, identifying and evaluating them with characteristics of simultaneity and immediacy, determining the probability of an accident occurring with sufficient advance in time to avoid it under the use of a working operational procedure. There is no definitive methodology, and it is necessary that they complement each other, but considering the proposed objective, the integrated application of traditional methodologies together with the management of safety barriers, the dynamic evaluation of risks, and the inclusion of machine learning systems could fulfill the proposed objective.
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16

Smith, E. J., and M. J. Harris. "The Role of Maintenance Management Deficiencies in Major Accident Causation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 206, no. 1 (February 1992): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_198_02.

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There appears to be an increasing awareness that organizational and managerial factors play a critical role in ensuring plant safety. A detailed study is presented of one branch of industrial management, viz. maintenance management. It has highlighted the nature of some of the links between managerial practices and the reliability of plant equipment and personnel. The causes of several major accidents are analysed using a systems approach, with the aim of understanding how the maintenance function was involved. A key conclusion is that, prior to major accidents, there is often a lack of detailed safety objectives and long-term safety control. Without these it becomes very difficult to assess the adequacy or otherwise of other maintenance management elements such as maintenance strategy, resources or administrative structure. In the absence of tight safety and reliability control and consequent corrective actions a mismatch can develop between the perceptions of management and the actual condition of the plant.
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17

Markowski, Adam S., Andrzej Krasławski, Tomaso Vairo, and Bruno Fabiano. "Process Safety Management Quality in Industrial Corporation for Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 9001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169001.

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In recent years, also in connection with Covid-19 pandemics and enforced restrictions, there has been the formation of large industrial corporations gathering separate companies with similar, sometimes complementary production profiles. This evolving trend has brought usually positive economic effects; however, it has also created some integration problems that include the process safety management. The Texas City BP accident in 2005 and its tremendous human and economic losses underlined the obstacles in defining a well-structured corporation process safety management. The main causes of the above-mentioned accident were connected to an inadequate safety culture at the managerial level. Strong leadership and high standards of corporate governance are required to inspire correct safety behavior in the staff. The so-called soft skills become even more important in the Industry 4.0 arena, where the foundation of the whole system is based on an intelligent use and interpretation of data. The importance of this aspect is confirmed by several post-accidental analyses of past events. Although some research on this topic has been already done, it is worth it to dedicate some effort to identifying specific factors which influence the corporate process safety management quality, and, once identified, to assess them. This paper applies the concept of “lessons learnt” for the identification of organizational and managerial aspects worth consideration in process safety management. Based on accident and literature reviews and expert opinions, the aim is to identify the major contributing factors among leadership and safety culture, risk awareness, knowledge and competence, communication, and information and decision-making processes. To self-assess the level of commitment of the top leaders in process safety management, a checklist approach is proposed, combined with a quantitative, weighted evaluation based on the Relative Efficiency Indicator (REI). Positive value of REI may ensure the effectiveness of process safety management in major hazard industries and their appropriate adaptation to the corporation community. The proposed method, which is validated in an actual case study, underlines the importance of an appropriate education, and of a more careful selection of HSE managers.
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18

Cimer, Zsolt, Gyula Vass, Attila Zsitnyányi, and Lajos Kátai-Urbán. "Application of Chemical Monitoring and Public Alarm Systems to Reduce Public Vulnerability to Major Accidents Involving Dangerous Substances." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081528.

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As a result of economic development and an increase in the volume of industrial production, the use of dangerous substances is increasing despite the fact that most industrial facilities are committed to the principles of environmental protection and sustainable development. Protection of human health and the environment is ensured at the local level by the local safety system. Major accidents typically have an off-site impact that also affects the general public. The most significant asymmetric event is when toxic substances are release into a populated area following a major accident. Early warning systems can significantly reduce the harmful consequences of major accidents that may occur. The operation of a reliable and effective chemical monitoring and public alarm system can be used as a basic device of defence. This ultimately means restoring the symmetry of the local safety system. It was an important scientific objective in Hungary to identify the facilities endangering the population where it is necessary to install chemical monitoring and early warning external protection systems. In this context, the main objective of this study was to present dangerous plant identification methodology and to analyse and evaluate the results of the application of this methodology.
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19

Fallah Tafti, Mehdi, and Reza Roshani. "Development of models to study traffic accidents on the final sections of access roads to the cities: a case study of three major Iranian cities." Archives of Transport 59, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2646.

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The final sections of main access roads to the cities require especial attention as the frequency of accidents in these road sections are considerably higher than other parts of interurban roads. These road sections operate as an interface between the rural roads and urban streets. The previous researches available on this subject are limited and they have also mainly focused on a narrow range of factors contributing to the accidents in these areas. The main contribution of this research is to consider a relatively comprehensive range of potential factors , and to examine their impacts through the development and comparison of both conventional probabilistic models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. For this purpose, information related to the main access roads of three major Iranian cities were collected. This information consisted of accident frequency data together with the field observations of traffic characteristics, road-way conditions and roadside features of these roads. Various ANN and probabilistic models were developed. The frequency of accidents, i.e. fatal, injured, or damaged accidents, was considered as the output of the developed models. The results indicated that a hybrid of ANN models, each comprised of 10 input variables representing traffic, roadway and roadside conditions, outperformed several probabilistic models, i.e. Poisson, Negative binomial, Zero-truncated Poisson, and Zero-truncated Negative Binomial models, also developed under similar conditions in this study. Moreo-ver, effective roadway width, roadway lighting condition, the standard deviation of vehicles speed, percentage of drivers violating the speed limit, average annual daily traffic, percentage of heavy goods vehicles, the density of road-side commercial and industrial landuses, the density of median U-turns, the density of local access roads, and the effective width of the left-side shoulder were identified as the most effective factors contributing to the accidents in these areas. The developed ANN model can be used as a tool to predict accident rates in these road sections, and to estimate a potential reduction in the accident rates, following any improvements in the major factors contributing to the traffic accidents in these areas.
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20

Lathi, LeslieE. "Safety cases - within the control of industrial major accident hazards (ci-mah) regulations 1984." Journal of Hazardous Materials 27, no. 2 (October 1991): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(91)80034-l.

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21

Barré, François, Claude Grandjean, Marc Petit, and Jean-Claude Micaelli. "Fuel R&D Needs and Strategy towards a Revision of Acceptance Criteria." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/646971.

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The study of fuel behaviour under accidental conditions is a major concern in the safety analysis of the Pressurised Water Reactors. The consequences of Design Basis Accidents, such as Loss of Coolant Accident and Reactivity Initiated Accident, have to be quantified in comparison to the safety criteria. Those criteria have been established in the 1970s on the basis of experiments performed with fresh or low irradiated fuel. Starting in the 1990s, the increased industrial competition and constraints led utilities to use fuel in more and more aggressive conditions (higher discharge burnup, higher power, load follow, etc.) and create incentive conditions for the development of advanced fuel designs with improved performance (new fuel types with additives, cladding material with better resistance to corrosion, etc.). These long anticipated developments involved the need for new investigations of irradiated fuel behaviour in order to check the adequacy of the current criteria, evaluate the safety margins, provide new technical bases for modelling and allow an evolution of these criteria. Such an evolution is presently under discussion in France and several other countries, in view of a revision in the next coming years. For this purpose, a R&D strategy has been defined at IRSN.
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22

Mäkká, Katarína, and Eva Sventeková. "The Assessment of Population Safety in the Vicinity of Unclassified Risk Sources." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.498.

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Act on the Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents defines the threshold quantities of hazardous substances in companies. Businesses that have exceeded their limits assess risks under this act. For smaller establishments where dangerous substances are present in quantities subliminal, risk assessment in terms of the occurrence and effects of the accident is not required. Nevertheless, these objects can represent a source of danger of a major accident, especially given its location, nature of the threat and synergy due to several adverse circumstances. Aim of this paper is to design a model for assessing the degree of threat or safety margin so unclassified sources of risks, for example refrigeration equipment, winter stadium, gas reservoirs and to apply the algorithm for the risk assessment of such objects. Unclassified sources of risk may also be a threat to critical transport infrastructure or its elements. The result is a consistent multi-step methodological approach to the assessment of risk sources and validation of selected operations involving dangerous substances, not reaching the threshold of this Act.
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23

Zhang, Jiang, and Jing Dong Shi. "Reflection on Intelligent Monitoring Caused by Significant Production Accidents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.672.

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It is practical in our country’s industry and global industry that safety accidents occur frequently and major production accidents cause painful price. Reflection on the intelligent monitoring is generated based on the harsh reality. Generally speaking, the intelligent monitoring refers to supervision and control of plant operation safety through intelligent programming by collecting and integrating wisdom of an engineering designer, a plant operator and an equipment manufacturer. A valve is called the “throat” in various kinds of pipe network systems of enterprises in petroleum, electricity and chemistry industries. Operational safety of industrial valves causes high attention. According to relevant data statistics, one third of significant production accidents occurring in the world every year are caused by valve accidents. Among the several major and significant petrochemical safety accidents occurring in our country in recent years, operators were neglectful and careless and opened or closed valves in a wrong way to cause explosion; in the electric industry all over the world, significant accidents such as electric leakage and power outage caused by improper valve management brought immeasurable losses, such as the significant Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Station Accident in USA, to normal operation and people’s property safety and so forth in industrial production. Damages and losses of such kind of accidents have brought very serious influences to relevant industries and society. The paper describes the intelligent monitoring with the valve safety problem of big probability events as instances.
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24

Tymen, H., G. Rateau, K. Guillet, B. Ramounet-Le Gall, P. Gérasimo, and P. Fritsch. "Méthodes de mesure du transfert cutané des radionucléides au travers d'un épiderme intact ou lésé, application à la radiotoxicologie." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y02-096.

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Although skin contamination by radionuclides is the most common cause of nuclear workers accidents, few studies dealing with the penetration of radioactive contamination through the skin are available. This work is a review of experimental methods that allow to assess transfer of radionuclides through the skin in occupational conditions, with or without skin trauma. The first section describes the different methods applied for skin transfer assessment of chemicals used in pharmacology. Major radionuclide contamination accidents can be associated with skin traumas. Thus, the second section describes the adaptation of these methods to radiotoxicology. Finally, the third section is an in vivo investigation of cobalt transfer (57CoCl2) through undamaged and damaged skin which simulates different industrial accident conditions (excoriation, acid or alcalin burn, scalding, branding).Key words: skin lesion, cobalt, percutaneous absorption, skin radiocontamination, Franz's cell.
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Kulikova, E. Yu, and O. V. Vinogradova. "Risks as a cause of industrial safety inhibition in underground construction." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 7 (June 20, 2020): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-7-0-146-154.

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Underground construction is always affected by numerous hazards. The risks degrade safety and longevity of underground structures. The risk analysis shows that the main root causes of risk are the errors and ill-coordinated wok of personnel in construction and operation of an underground facility. The major risks in underground construction are described. The modes of industrial supervision over construction quality are presented. The definition of an accident risk is discussed. The majority of accidents falls at the errors of personnel, both managers and executives. Shortage of skills, lack of coordination, violation of labor discipline and deficiency of control lead to disasters in underground constructions. The required organizational arrangements are developed subject to assessment of underground structure conditions. Mitigation of technical risks should base on advance of protection technologies and equipment to ensure collective safety of workers. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve regulatory system, assessment of the industrial environment condition, mine planning and design methods, etc. Organizationally, risk reduction needs creation of social and psychological climate to motivate personnel to work safely and efficiently, including each individual and the whole company.
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Gephart, Robert P., Lloyd Steier, and Thomas Lawrence. "Cultural rationalities in crisis sensemaking: a study of a public inquiry into a major industrial accident." Industrial Crisis Quarterly 4, no. 1 (March 1990): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108602669000400102.

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27

Kim, Young Ai, Boong Yeol Ryoo, Yong-Su Kim, and Woon Chan Huh. "Major Accident Factors for Effective Safety Management of Highway Construction Projects." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 139, no. 6 (June 2013): 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000640.

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28

Pitblado, Robin. "Global process industry initiatives to reduce major accident hazards." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 24, no. 1 (January 2011): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2010.08.006.

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29

Abdul Aziz, Hanida, and Azmi Mohd Shariff. "A Journey of Process Safety Management Program for Process Industry." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.8.2017.1.10.1085.

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The growth of process industries and global economies are dependent on technology advances and innovations. However, the effects of these advancements often lead to more complex processes and comparatively severe operating conditions such as high pressure, temperature and reactive chemical with exotic chemistry. With the rapidly increasing scale and complexity of the process, it is becoming harder to control accidents in process plants. In most of the past situations, it appears that accidents could not be controlled solely by engineering practices and traditional occupational safety but should be immersed with safety management programs specifically Process Safety Management (PSM) to enhance the effectiveness of technical solutions. This paper addressed PSM program as stipulated by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119. The PSM standard was implemented following a number of disasters, including accidents in Bhopal, India (1984) and Pasadena, Texas (1989). In Malaysia, Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards (CIMAH) 1996 Regulation which has the requirements attribute to PSM standard also discussed.
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Sangamithra, A., and P. Sindia. "Health Hazards of Industrial Workers: Preventive Measures." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3447.

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Workers in every occupation face a multitude of hazards in the work place - occupational health and. Safety addresses the broad range of workplace hazards from accident prevention to the more insidious hazards, including toxic fumes, dust, noise, heat, stress, etc. Preventing work-related diseases and accidents must be the goal of occupational health and safety programs. The occupational health service is a link in the work organization. Human life is high in the hierarchy of values for the health professions. Health is a major determinant of the quality of life. Societal values have greater importance in the world of labor, with its complex informal and formal social structures. The cultural values of both workers and the community at large have to be considered. Present-day technology is a valuable asset if its limitations are understood. Computers and their software already provide thoroughly tested systems of data recording, processing, retrieval, and analysis, obviating the need for other records and occupational health services. The occupational illness burden is growing at an increasing rate. The profile of occupational illness has also been modified over a period due to modernization, liberalization, and globalization. Trained human resources in the field of occupational health and safety are far below the requirement. Hence, there is an urgent need for framing suitable policy, developing newer strategies, and developing our knowledge about occupational health and safety measures. Traditional training in occupational health needs to be supplemented with modern techniques.
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Choube, Vasu. "Identification and Improvement of Accident Black Spots on SH-1 and SH-38 Dist. Khargone (Madhya Pradesh) - A Case Study." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35962.

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we know that as the increment in population is directly connected to increment in vehicles. And if number of vehicles increase number of accidents is also increased. The reason of accidents are road parameters or human error. We find out from the previews analysis of data that 66% accidents are occur due to human errors and 33% due to the parameters of road. We have 3.3 million km network in India which consist all types of road just like National Highway (NH), State Highway (SH),, Major District Road (MDR) and other District Road (ODR). The Road safety is major important considarable thing in present time because accident cases goes very high in past some years. So the identification of the some sites that called black spots are important for the better road safety policies. So in this thesis we taking a route of a district khargone and find out the black spots, accidents cases, reason of accident cases and after the all calculations we also give the suggestion for the improvement of road. Mandleshwar is a town and Nagar panchayat in the Khargone district of the India state of Madhya Pradesh. It is on the banks of Narmada River 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of Maheshwar and 99 kilometres (62 mi) south of Indore. It is a "Pavitra Nagri" as termed by the government of Madhya Pradesh, as it is an ancient town. It is the education centre of Maheshwar block, the location of the district court and district jail of Khargone, and is also the political centre of Maheshwar block In mandleshwar city district Khargone roads has major connectivity and there are not big industries but these road carries large numbers of passengers to industrial area of Indore,and other state Gujarat ,Maharashtra ,Rajasthan through state highways and district road. Mandleshwar is also connected to other state highways just like: Mandleshwar to barwaha( SH 38) 41.4 km Mandleshwar to Mhow (SH 1) 56.2 km Mandleshwar to Dhamnod (SH 38) 21.4 km Mandleshwar to Khargone (SH 1) 47.0 km This paper presents an analysis of accidents on small portion state highway city mandleshwar to connect the other cities.The data for analysis is collected for the period of 2015 to 2019.
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Гражданкин, Aleksandr Grazhdankin, Пуликовский, and K. Pulikovskiy. "Russian Industry and Industrial Dangers in Transition Period. Accident Rate and Traumatism of Deindustrialization." Safety in Technosphere 2, no. 6 (December 25, 2013): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2165.

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The solution of industrial safety problems in new Russia is substituted for formation of danger without industry – an unprecedented phenomenon for the large industrial country. Reformers are beginning to measure inability of new business to execute "backward" safety standards by rubles of "excess investments", trampling on freedom of economic efficiency. Monetization apologists calculate rising accidents danger as miserly micro shares of risk (10-6). Businessmen began to look at industrial production as at risky game on retreat and even on refusal from "written down by blood" existing industrial safety requirements. For this purpose it has become necessary to build urgently a new pseudo science – theory and practice of "risk management" – well-known abroad social and engineering technology on kindling or pacification of inhabitants’ technophobia. In this imitating program virtual "risk" has become "noble cause" of deindustrialization of Russia. Planning of Russia’s safe enter on new industrial rails is urgently requiring a map development of real dangers of major industrial accidents. Available numerous schemes of "risk management" don´t suit for development of crucial decisions on industrial safety ensuring in modern Russian conditions.
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Junior, Moizés Martins, Marcello Silva e. Santos, Mario Cesar R. Vidal, and Paulo Victor R. de Carvalho. "Overcoming the blame game to learn from major accidents: A systemic analysis of an Anhydrous Ammonia leakage accident." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 25, no. 1 (January 2012): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2011.06.026.

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Stojanović, Božidar, and Milena Jovašević-Stojanović. "Regulations of major accident hazards control in Serbia and their implementation." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 17, no. 6 (November 2004): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2004.08.009.

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Doizi, D., S. Reymond la Ruinaz, I. Haykal, L. Manceron, A. Perrin, V. Boudon, J. Vander Auwera, F. Kwabia tchana, and M. Faye. "Analytical measurements of fission products during a severe nuclear accident." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817008005.

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The Fukushima accident emphasized the fact that ways to monitor in real time the evolution of a nuclear reactor during a severe accident remain to be developed. No fission products were monitored during twelve days; only dose rates were measured, which is not sufficient to carry out an online diagnosis of the event. The first measurements were announced with little reliability for low volatile fission products. In order to improve the safety of nuclear plants and minimize the industrial, ecological and health consequences of a severe accident, it is necessary to develop new reliable measurement systems, operating at the earliest and closest to the emission source of fission products. Through the French program ANR « Projet d’Investissement d’Avenir », the aim of the DECA-PF project (diagnosis of core degradation from fission products measurements) is to monitor in real time the release of the major fission products (krypton, xenon, gaseous forms of iodine and ruthenium) outside the nuclear reactor containment. These products are released at different times during a nuclear accident and at different states of the nuclear core degradation. Thus, monitoring these fission products gives information on the situation inside the containment and helps to apply the Severe Accident Management procedures. Analytical techniques have been proposed and evaluated. The results are discussed here.
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Egidi, Demetrio, Franco P. Foraboschi, Gigliola Spadoni, and Aniello Amendola. "The ARIPAR project: analysis of the major accident risks connected with industrial and transportation activities in the Ravenna area." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 49, no. 1 (January 1995): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(95)00026-x.

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Boudiaf, M., R. Chaib, and M. Fredj. "Assessment of potential dangers of installations at Rhourde Nouss station within the framework of The Law 45/DG (Ouargla, Algeria)." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/145.

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Purpose. According to the SONATRACH groups requirements, a hazard study should be carried out conforming to Law 45/DG in order to manage risk situations better and to ensure maximum operational safety. Methodology. The work presents modeling of accident scenarios through the ALOHA software. The identification and characterization of potential hazards of the facilities are carried out by the XRISK software while using the preliminary risk analysis method (PRA) and the bow tie method (in a horizontal plane). Finding. An assessment of the socio-economic impact in the event of an accident in the hydrocarbon industry is given as well as recommendations to avoid unforeseen consequences. Originality. For the first time at SONATRACH, the LOPA software has been used to model accident scenarios in the hydrocarbon industry. The latter refers to high-risk industries where every activity, whether industrial or commercial, is subject to incidents or serious situations that could seriously disrupt the operation of the organization, or even damage or destroy it. Practical value. Sensitive elements have been identified, which respectively include the station staff, the DSP agents on duty (digital signal processing), the subcontractors, i.e. a permanent population of 30 people on average. The occurrence of the potential major accidents identified in the risk analysis would cause the gas compression to stop at Rhourde Nouss station. Thus, there is a pressure drop at the level of the gas pipelines, which reduces the gas flow significantly, while its extent and duration will depend on the restarting of the station. Furthermore, the effects of damage to the equipment concerned could result in a significant cost for their replacement within a reasonable time.
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Pasculescu, Vlad Mihai, Emilian Ghicioi, Marius Simion Morar, Marius Cornel Suvar, and Nicolae Ioan Vlasin. "Consequence modelling of a truck explosion." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 12023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929012023.

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Nowadays, the transportation of hazardous substances required for various industrial works is a very common activity. In each national economy, safe transport of hazardous materials on land is an important issue. Much of these materials are either moved by trucks or trains. However, hazardous materials transportation is very likely to generate major accidents with irreversible consequences on surrounding population and on the environment along transportation routes. The current paper deals with analysis and simulation of the consequences of an explosion involving a truck transporting flammable gas cylinders materials. Consequence modelling involves the graphic representation or the calculation and estimation of numerical values which best describe the physical results of loss of containment scenarios which involve flammable/explosive/toxic materials with regard to their impact on surrounding assets or people. In the present study, state of the art software has been used for modelling and simulating the accident scenario, namely the initial fire and the subsequent explosion of the gas cylinders.
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Kongsvik, Trond, Petter Almklov, Torgeir Haavik, Stein Haugen, Jan Erik Vinnem, and Per Morten Schiefloe. "Decisions and decision support for major accident prevention in the process industries." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 35 (May 2015): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2015.03.018.

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Litnovsky, Andrey, Felix Klein, Xiaoyue Tan, Janina Ertmer, Jan W. Coenen, Christian Linsmeier, Jesus Gonzalez-Julian, et al. "Advanced Self-Passivating Alloys for an Application under Extreme Conditions." Metals 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081255.

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Self-passivating Metal Alloys with Reduced Thermo-oxidation (SMART) are under development for the primary application as plasma-facing materials for the first wall in a fusion DEMOnstration power plant (DEMO). SMART materials must combine suppressed oxidation in case of an accident and an acceptable plasma performance during the regular operation of the future power plant. Modern SMART materials contain chromium as a passivating element, yttrium as an active element and a tungsten base matrix. An overview of the research and development program on SMART materials is presented and all major areas of the structured R&D are explained. Attaining desired performance under accident and regular plasma conditions are vital elements of an R&D program addressing the viability of the entire concept. An impressive more than 104-fold suppression of oxidation, accompanied with more than 40-fold suppression of sublimation of tungsten oxide, was attained during an experimentally reproduced accident event with a duration of 10 days. The sputtering resistance under DEMO-relevant plasma conditions of SMART materials and pure tungsten was identical for conditions corresponding to nearly 20 days of continuous DEMO operation. Fundamental understanding of physics processes undergone in the SMART material is gained via fundamental studies comprising dedicated modeling and experiments. The important role of yttrium, stabilizing the SMART alloy microstructure and improving self-passivating behavior, is under investigation. Activities toward industrial up-scale have begun, comprising the first mechanical alloying with an industrial partner and the sintering of a bulk SMART alloy sample with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 7 mm using an industrial facility. These achievements open the way to further expansion of the SMART technology toward its application in fusion and potentially in other renewable energy sources such as concentrated solar power stations.
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Xiong, Ling Hua, and Fan Wang. "Stress Spectrum Analysis on Steel Structure of Gantry Crane." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1634.

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Stess spectrum serves as prerequisite of analysis on fatigue failure, which is the major cause of malignant industrial accident. The dynamic load coefficient is calculated by allowing for dynamic response of steel structure in complete working cycle and regard steel structure and load as a vibraton system of two degrees of freedom. The load date and its statistical characteristic is collected.through observation of 600t-176m gantry crane in some ship-building base. Then based on Monte Carlo method, the load is simulated and loaded on finite element model. Finally the stress spectrum of key parts of structure is calculated.
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Chakraborty, Jayajit, and Pratyusha Basu. "Linking Industrial Hazards and Social Inequalities: Environmental Injustice in Gujarat, India." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010042.

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Industrial development in India has rarely been studied through the perspective of environmental justice (EJ) such that the association between industrial development and significant economic and social inequalities remains to be examined. Our article addresses this gap by focusing on Gujarat in western India, a leading industrial state that exemplifies the designation of India as an “emerging economy.” We link the geographic concentration of industrial facilities classified as major accident hazard (MAH) units, further subdivided by size (large or medium/small) and ownership (public or private), to the socio-demographic composition of the population at the subdistrict (taluka) level. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) are used to analyze statistical associations between MAH unit density and explanatory variables related to the economic and social status of the residential population at the subdistrict level. Our results indicate a significant relationship between presence of socially disadvantaged populations (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) and density of all types of MAH units, except those associated with the public sector. Higher urbanization and lower home ownership are also found to be strong predictors of MAH unit density. Overall, our article represents an important step towards understanding the complexities of environmental inequalities stemming from Gujarat’s industrial economy.
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Carpio de los Pinos, Antonio José, María de las Nieves González García, José Antonio Soriano, and Benito Yáñez Araque. "Development of the Level of Preventive Action Method by Observation of the Characteristic Value for the Assessment of Occupational Risks on Construction Sites." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 8387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168387.

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The special circumstances of the high accident rate in the construction industry compared to other sectors are significant and represent a major concern for many countries. Construction work involves a large number of risks that cause or may cause accidents with serious consequences for the worker’s health, even death. The Level of Preventive Action is a novel methodology of occupational risk assessment adapted to building works. It is based on the development of the mathematical formulation of William T. Fine’s method. Its implementation covers four of the techniques for combating risk: Safety at Work, Industrial Hygiene, Ergonomics and Psychosociology. It evaluates, quantitatively, the amount of preventive action required based on the characteristic complexity of the work units, their location and their interdependence. The method protocol defines a new observation parameter called Characteristic Value which is inherent to the real situation of the construction process. The aim of this study is to develop the characterisation of the Characteristic Value in the Level of Preventive Action method. It also justifies the procedure to obtain this Characteristic Value and how its implementation and result should be interpreted. Finally, the methodology is applied on a real case.
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Rashid, Zulkifli Abdul, Muhd Fazril Irfan Muhd Fuad, Khalil Abdul Razak, Azil Bahari Alias, Mohd Aizad Ahmad, Mohd Arshad Ahmad, Anis Farhanah Mohd Suhaimi Yeong, and Qaeem K. Mozdah. "Investigating the Risk Posed by Chlorine Incident Release under Wind Rose Effect: An Industrial Case Study." Key Engineering Materials 797 (March 2019): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.127.

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Malaysia is one of the countries that strongly promotes industrial development. Therefore, industrial activities have grown rapidly since the 1980s. However, since the development of the country's industry, the country has experienced several major accident hazards, thus sacrificing many lives, causing assets and environmental destruction. For example, Bright Sparklers explosion incident that occurred on 7th of May 1991 in Sungai Buloh had killed 26 people, injuring more than 100 people and damaging more than 200 residential properties. While at Johor Port Sand Warehouse, a large fire had occurred at Petronas terminal and destroyed three storage tanks and 720,000 liters of petroleum and 240,000 of aviation fuel. This fire has resulted in 100 firefighters. In the latest 2018 incident, Malaysia was shocked by a major fire at Kemaman Bitumen Company. The results of these three insights indicate that a comprehensive analysis needs to be made to assess land use and other risk management decisions. Malaysia is the world’s largest rubber glove producer, therefore, the quantity usage of chlorine is high. As noted by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, chlorine is harmful to human body when it is handled improperly. In this paper, a study was conducted to assess the impact of the use of chlorine gas at the rubber glove manufacturing plant. Quantitative risk analysis is used as a tool to prevent major failure in storage, production and transportation of chemicals has been issued. Therefore, this paper investigates the consequences of risk posed by chlorine incident release under wind rose effect at rubber glove manufacturing industry.
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Reniers, G. L. L., B. J. M. Ale, W. Dullaert, and B. Foubert. "Decision support systems for major accident prevention in the chemical process industry: A developers’ survey." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 19, no. 6 (November 2006): 604–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2006.02.005.

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KORSHUNOV, Gennady I., Marat L. RUDAKOV, and Eugeniy I. KABANOV. "The Use of a Risk-Based Approach in Safety Issues of Coal Mines." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 1 (June 24, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.1(25).23.

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The paper contains the analysis of the data on major industrial accidents and occupational injuries at the coal mine industry enterprises of Russia in order to reveal statistically significant correlations between the indicators impacting the accident rate and the employees’ death risk level. As the risk criteria, the values of the methane-air resultant mixtures (MARM) explosions frequency and the frequency of the staff exposure at MARM explosions in the mines (observed levels of personal risks) are taken. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Kruskal–Wallis test are used to analyze the categorized data samplings over the period from 2005 to 2016. The authors have defined the influence of relative gas content and hazard of layers regarding spontaneous combustion on the MARM explosions frequency. The regression models that take into consideration the impact of hazardous factors on the risk indicators have been received. The results of the performed coal mines ranging in Russia have been presented according to the level of individual risk, caused by MARM explosions; the received results have been compared with the acceptable tolerable risk level. The relevance of applying the research findings has been shown at the implementation of the dynamic model of the risk-based approach for ensuring coal mines safe exploitation.
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Hoppe, H., S. Messmann, A. Giga, and H. Grüning. "Options and limits of quantitative and qualitative online-monitoring of industrial discharges into municipal sewage systems." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.411.

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In some cities, industrial enterprises' discharges into municipal sewage systems have a major impact on the quantity and quality of inflows to the municipal treatment plants. In many cases, industrial discharges stand out on account of the great fluctuations in their volumetric rates of flow, pollution loads and temperatures. As a result, these discharges put a great strain on the sewage system, the treatment plant, and ultimately the receiving waters. The enterprises concerned have to pay the treatment plant operators fees based on the load and/or volume discharged. In most cases, qualitative monitoring operations merely consist of spot checks. This means that continuously surveillance is not possible and infringements of the permissible limit values are only discovered by accident. If impermissible discharges are carried out that may be susceptible to causing a treatment plant failure, the rapid initiation of countermeasures is not possible. Hence, spectrometer probes and mobile flowmeters were used in order to determine volumetric rates of flow, COD concentrations, and ultimately the loads discharged. The possibilities for, and limits to, online monitoring as well as shortcomings of spot-checks are discussed in the course of this paper, which also includes an uncertainty analysis.
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Asad, Muhammad Mujtaba, Razali Bin Hassan, Fahad Sherwani, Muhammad Aamir, Qadir Mehmood Soomro, and Samiullah Sohu. "Design and development of a novel knowledge-based decision support system for industrial safety management at drilling process." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-09-2018-0167.

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Purpose Annually, hundreds of drilling crew suffer from major injuries during performing oil and gas drilling operation because of the deficiency of an adequate hazard safety management system for real-time decision-making in hazardous conditions. According to previous studies, there is a sheer industrial need for an effective industrial safety management decision support system for accident prevention at oil and gas drilling sites at both drilling domains. Therefore, this paper aims to focus on the design and development of knowledge base decision support system (KBDSS) for the prevention of hazardous activities at Middle Eastern and South Asian origins’ onshore and offshore oil and gas industries during drilling operations. Design/methodology/approach In this study, data were gathered from safety and health professionals from targeted oil and gas industries in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan through quantitative and qualitative approaches. Based on identified data, KBDSSs (HAZFO Expert 1.0) were systematically developed and designed by adopting Database Development Life Cycle and Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle models. MySQL and Visual Studio 2015 software were used for developing and designing knowledge base and graphical user interface of the system. Findings KBDSS (HAZFO Expert 1.0) for accident prevention at onshore and offshore oil and gas drilling industries based on identified potential hazards and their suitable controlling measures aligned with international safety standards and regulations. HAZFO Expert 1.0 is a novel KBDSS that covers all onshore and offshore drilling operations with three and nine outputs, respectively, to achieve the current trend of Industry Revolution 4.0 and Industrial IoTs for workforce safety. Practical implications This industrial safety management system (HAZFO Expert 1.0) will be efficiently used for the identification and elimination of potential hazards associated with drilling activities at onshore and offshore drilling sites with an appropriate hazard controlling strategy. Originality/value Moreover, the developed KBDS system is unique in terms of its architecture and is dynamic in nature because it provides HAZFO Expert 1.0 data management and insertion application for authorized users. This is the first KBDSS which covers both drilling domains in Malaysian, Saudi Arabian and Pakistani industries.
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Ramli, Azizan, Norfaridah Abdul Ghani, Norhaniza Abdul Hamid, and Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa. "Consequence Modelling for Estimating the Toxic Material Dispersion Using ALOHA: Case Studies at Two Different Chemical Plants." Proceedings 2, no. 20 (October 18, 2018): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2201268.

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Industrial disaster does not only result in enormous calamities and huge property damages but also deteriorate the environment especially when it involved hazardous materials. The occurrence of major accident at major hazard installation (MHI) is unpredictable. Therefore, both structural and non-structural measures should come in the forefront before it claims human life and tremendously destroy the assets and environment. Thus, the main objectives of this study is to simulate the consequence modelling due to toxic materials dispersion (sulfuric acid) and subsequently suggest the evacuation mapping. The Areal Location Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA Version 5.4.7) was used to determine the threat zone and estimates the radius of toxic material dispersion from the source point. Two petrochemical plants were selected in this study and both are located at different petrochemical industrial estates in East Coast Region of Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the radius of toxic material affects the adjacent facilities and other chemical plants in proximity. The threat zones with the radius of 0.72 miles (red), 2.6 miles (orange) and 6.0 miles (yellow) respectively were determined for the first case study. As for the latter, the threat zones are greater than 6 miles for all zones. Based on both estimations, the evacuation mappings were proposed by sketching the map from Google satellite in the MARPLOT application.
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Aziz, Abdullah, Olov Schelén, and Ulf Bodin. "A Study on Industrial IoT for the Mining Industry: Synthesized Architecture and Open Research Directions." IoT 1, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iot1020029.

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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has the potential to improve the production and business processes by enabling the extraction of valuable information from industrial processes. The mining industry, however, is rather traditional and somewhat slow to change due to infrastructural limitations in communication, data management, storage, and exchange of information. Most research efforts so far on applying IIoT in the mining industry focus on specific concerns such as ventilation monitoring, accident analysis, fleet and personnel management, tailing dam monitoring, and pre-alarm system while an overall IIoT architecture suitable for the general conditions in the mining industry is still missing. This article analyzes the current state of Information Technology in the mining sector and identifies a major challenge of vertical fragmentation due to the technological variety of various systems and devices offered by different vendors, preventing interoperability, data distribution, and the exchange of information securely between devices and systems. Based on guidelines and practices from the major IIoT standards, a high-level IIoT architecture suitable for the mining industry is then synthesized and presented, addressing the identified challenges and enabling smart mines by automation, interoperable systems, data distribution, and real-time visibility of the mining status. Remote controlling, data processing, and interoperability techniques of the architecture evolve all stages of mining from prospecting to reclamation. The adoption of such IIoT architecture in the mining industry offers safer mine site for workers, predictable mining operations, interoperable environment for both traditional and modern systems and devices, automation to reduce human intervention, and enables underground surveillance by converging operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT). Significant open research challenges and directions are also studied and identified in this paper, such as mobility management, scalability, virtualization at the IIoT edge, and digital twins.
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